Maternal Cell Phone Use During Pregnancy Increased Preterm Births
Tsarna E, Reedijk M, Birks LE, Guxens M, Ballester F, Ha M, Jiménez-Zabala A, Kheifets L, Lertxundi A, Lim HR, Olsen J, Safont LG, Sudan M, Cardis E, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte T, Huss A, Vermeulen R. Maternal Cell Phone Use During Pregnancy, Pregnancy Duration And Fetal Growth In Four Birth Cohorts. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Apr 17. pii: kwz092. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz092.
Abstract
Previous studies evaluating potential effects of prenatal exposure to radiofrequency fields from cell phones on birth outcomes are inconsistent. We explored if maternal cell phone use was associated with pregnancy duration and fetal growth.
We used information from 55,507 pregnant women and their children from Denmark (1996-2002; DNBC), the Netherlands (2003-2004; ABCD), Spain (2003-2008; INMA) and Korea (2006-2011; MOCEH). Based on self-reported number of cell phone calls per day, exposure was grouped as none, low (reference level), intermediate, and high. We examined pregnancy duration (gestational age at birth, preterm/postterm birth), fetal growth (birth weight ratio, small/large for gestational age), and birth weight, low and high birth weight, and meta-analyzed cohort specific estimates.
The intermediate exposure group had higher risk of giving birth at lower gestational age (Hazard Ratio=1.04, 95% CI 1.01, 1.07), and exposure-response relationships were found for shorter pregnancy duration (P<0.001) and preterm birth (P=0.003). We observed no association with fetal growth or birth weight. In conclusion, maternal cell phone use during pregnancy may be associated with shorter pregnancy duration and increased risk for preterm birth.
Results should be interpreted with caution, as they may reflect stress during pregnancy or other residual confounding, rather than direct effect of cell phone exposure.
Excerpts
Exposure to RF-EMF [radio frequency electromagnetic fields] during pregnancy could affect the growth and development of the fetus and the pregnancy duration either due to direct radiation of the fetus and the placenta, or indirectly as a result of altered maternal physiology ...
... During calling and texting abdominal exposure is low and modeling studies estimate that exposure levels of the human fetus are very low (9–12), although an experimental study on humans has shown that abdominal RF-EMF exposure may affect the placenta function (13). In addition, an association between RF-EMF exposure and thyroid dysfunction has been indicated in animal studies (14,15)....
... A cohort study from Turkey (N=500) retrospectively assessed cell phone use and reported shorter pregnancy duration and increased risk for preterm birth (16). In a cohort study from Iran (N=1,200), no association with birth weight was found (17). In a much larger sample from Norway (N=100,231), no association was found between cell phone use and low birth weight, preterm birth, or small for gestational age (SGA) (18)....
The mothers from DNBC and ABCD reported their frequency of cell phone calls during pregnancy 7 years postnatally. In INMA and MOCEH, similar questionnaires were given to the mothers during pregnancy. To be consistent with previous analyses within these cohorts (29), we classified exposure in four categories (none, low, intermediate, high), based on available information regarding daily frequency of cell phone calls during pregnancy (Table 2)....
Table 2 footnote: In DNBC, ABCD, and INMA cohorts, none exposure corresponds to no calls per day, low exposure to 0-1 calls per day, intermediate exposure to 2-3 calls per day, and high exposure to 4 or more calls per day. In MOCEH cohort, none exposure corresponds to no calls per day, low exposure to 0-2 calls per day, intermediate exposure to 3-5 calls per day, and high exposure to 6 or more calls per day.
... the OR [odds ratio] for preterm birth gained statistical significance in the highly exposed group within the cohorts with prospective exposure assessment (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.22, 3.39) (Web Tables 8 and 10). In the analysis with binary exposure, we observed an increased risk of giving birth at lower gestational age (HR=1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07), and increased odds for preterm birth (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.05, 1.29) for the mothers that used their cell phone more often during pregnancy (Web Tables 8 and 11). The estimates for all the other outcomes were not different from unity (Web Table 11).
In our study, we observed an association of maternal cell phone use during pregnancy with pregnancy duration, but not with fetal growth. Since fetal exposure is very low during cell phone calls (9–12), for the interpretation of these results we considered the potential effect of RF-EMF on maternal head and neck structures, as well as indirect pathways related to the use of cell phones rather than the radiation per se. Animal studies have suggested that RF-EMF exposure may result in minor thyroid gland dysfunction (14,15). Additionally, higher preconception thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy have been associated with higher risk for miscarriage and preterm birth (46–49). Thus, the increased risk for giving birth preterm among heavier users of cell phones that we observed could be mediated by mild thyroid dysfunction. However, the association of RF-EMF exposure from cell phone use with thyroid function is not established, and large-scale epidemiological studies on the topic are lacking. Increased oxidative stress has been also considered (50). However, it is not clear whether the elevation of radical oxygen species resulting from local RF-EMF exposure is of such an extent in humans that it could trigger systematic responses affecting the birth outcomes. Causal pathways involving local radiation of parts of the human body other than maternal head and neck structures were not considered, as this exposure would not be reflected in the number of cell phone calls per day....
The exposure variable was based only on the number of cell phone calls per day; duration of calling was not taken into account, as it was available only in MOCEH. Furthermore, the number of cell phone calls per day during pregnancy was self-reported in all cohorts, and was validated only in MOCEH (59). Thus, misclassification of exposure should have attenuated the observed association, under our assumption that misclassification was predominantly non-differential (60–62). We expect that misclassification was much larger in the older cohorts (DNBC and ABCD), as the number of cell phone calls per day was reported seven years postnatal. Therefore, the estimates in DNBC and ABCD cohorts should be more biased towards the null in comparison to INMA and MOCEH cohorts....
In conclusion, in our study more frequent maternal cell phone use during pregnancy was associated with shorter pregnancy duration, resulting in increased risk for preterm birth. No association with fetal growth and birth weight was observed. Study results make strong effects unlikely and should be interpreted with caution, as they may reflect an effect of stress during pregnancy or other residual confounding, rather than a direct effect of RF-EMF exposure.
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Prenatal maternal cell phone use linked to lower child cognition at 5 years of age: 3 birth cohorts
Sudan
M, Birks LE, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Ferrero A, Gallastegi M, Guxens M, Ha M,
Lim H, Olsen J, González-Safont L, Vrijheid M, Kheifets L.
Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child cognition at age
5 years in 3 birth cohorts.Environ Int. 2018 Nov;120:155-162. doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.043.
Highlights
• Prenatal maternal cell phone use may be related to child cognition.
• Cognition scores are slightly lower in relation to higher frequency use, although imprecise.
• The causal mechanisms are unknown at this time.
• The association is likely affected by social and behavioral factors.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
There have been few studies of children's cognitive development in
relation to mothers' cell phone use, and most were limited to outcomes
at age 3 years or younger. We examined the relationship between maternal
cell phone use during pregnancy and cognitive performance in 5-year old
children.
METHODS: This study included data from 3 birth
cohorts: the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) (n = 1209), Spanish
Environment and Childhood Project (INMA) (n = 1383), and Korean Mothers
and Children's Environment Health Study (MOCEH) (n = 497). All cohorts
collected information about maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and
cognitive performance in children at age 5. We performed linear
regression to compute mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals
(CI) in children's general, verbal, and non-verbal cognition scores
comparing frequency of maternal prenatal cell phone use with adjustments
for numerous potential confounding factors. Models were computed
separately for each cohort and using pooled data in meta-analysis.
RESULTS:
No associations were detected between frequency of prenatal cell phone
use and children's cognition scores. Scores tended to be lower in the
highest frequency of use category; MD (95% CI) in general cognition
scores were 0.78 (-0.76, 2.33) for none, 0.11 (-0.81, 1.03) for medium,
and -0.41 (-1.54, 0.73) for high compared to low frequency of use. This
pattern was seen across all cognitive dimensions, but the results were
imprecise overall.
CONCLUSION: We observed patterns of lower mean
cognition scores among children in relation to high frequency maternal
prenatal cell phone use. The causal nature and mechanism of this
relationship remain unknown.
Excerpt
In
this investigation of maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and
cognition in children, we observed a pattern of slightly lower mean
cognition scores among children at age 5 years in relation to high
frequency maternal prenatal cell phone use in pooled data from three
different birth cohorts. Patterns were consistent across cognitive
dimensions, but the results were imprecise. We cannot conclude that our
results reflect an effect of RF from cell phones, nor do our results
indicate that maternal cell phone use directly influences child
cognition as we still lack a known mechanism for how cell phone exposure
may impact cognitive function. Although the magnitude of the mean
differences in cognition scores that we observed were slight, and 1- or
2-point differences in scores are unlikely to have a considerable impact
on individuals, there may be considerable costs to society associated
with a negative shift of population IQ, especially if it is due to a
very common exposure (Trasande et al., 2005). Thus, with the ubiquity of
cell phone use among parents and children alike, it is clearly
important to continue investigations into the possible health and
cognitive effects of this exposure, with more studies examining
associations related to frequency and duration of cell phone use and
additional specific exposure parameters.
--
Neurodevelopment for first 3 years following prenatal mobile phone use and lead exposure
Choi K, Ha M, Ha H, Park H, Kim Y, Hong Y, et al. Neurodevelopment for the first three years following
prenatal mobile phone use, radio frequency radiation and lead exposure.
Environmental Research, 156:810-817, July 2017.
Highlights
• RFR exposure was measured by mobile phone use questionnaire and 24-h personal exposure meter among pregnant women.
• Child neurodevelopment was assessed by trained examiners at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age.
• Associations were not observed between prenatal exposure to RFR and child neurodevelopment during the first three years.
• A potential combined effect of prenatal exposure to lead and mobile phone use was suggested.
Abstract
Background
Studies examining prenatal exposure to mobile phone use and its effect
on child neurodevelopment show different results, according to child's
developmental stages.
Objectives To examine neurodevelopment in
children up to 36 months of age, following prenatal mobile phone use and
radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure, in relation to prenatal lead
exposure.
Methods We analyzed 1198 mother-child pairs from a
prospective cohort study (the Mothers and Children's Environmental
Health Study). Questionnaires were provided to pregnant women at ≤20
weeks of gestation to assess mobile phone call frequency and duration. A
personal exposure meter (PEM) was used to measure RFR exposure for 24 h
in 210 pregnant women. Maternal blood lead level (BLL) was measured
during pregnancy. Child neurodevelopment was assessed using the Korean
version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Revised at 6, 12, 24,
and 36 months of age. Logistic regression analysis applied to groups
classified by trajectory analysis showing neurodevelopmental patterns
over time.
Results The psychomotor development index (PDI) and
the mental development index (MDI) at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age
were not significantly associated with maternal mobile phone use during
pregnancy. However, among children exposed to high maternal BLL in
utero, there was a significantly increased risk of having a low PDI up
to 36 months of age, in relation to an increasing average calling time
(p-trend=0.008). There was also a risk of having decreasing MDI up to 36
months of age, in relation to an increasing average calling time or
frequency during pregnancy (p-trend=0.05 and 0.007 for time and
frequency, respectively). There was no significant association between
child neurodevelopment and prenatal RFR exposure measured by PEM in all
subjects or in groups stratified by maternal BLL during pregnancy.
Conclusions
We found no association between prenatal exposure to RFR and child
neurodevelopment during the first three years of life; however, a
potential combined effect of prenatal exposure to lead and mobile phone
use was suggested.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511138
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Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts
Birks L, Guxens M, Papadopoulou E, Alexander, Ballester F, Estarlich M et al. Maternal cell phone use during
pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts.
Environment International. Published online April 7, 2017.
"This is the largest study to date to
evaluate these associations and to show mostly consistent results across
cohorts with retrospectively and prospectively assessed maternal cell
phone use."
Highlights
• Largest study to date to use prenatal cell phone use data collected prospectively.
• High prenatal cell phone use linked to hyperactivity/inattention problems in child.
• No prenatal cell phone use linked to low risk for any behavioral problems in child.
• Analysis adjusted for many confounders, but associations cannot be judged causal.
• Future research should adjust for parenting style, maternal hyperactivity, and more.
Abstract
Introduction
Previous studies have reported associations between prenatal cell phone
use and child behavioral problems, but findings have been inconsistent
and based on retrospective assessment of cell phone use. This study
aimed to assess this association in a multi-national analysis, using
data from three cohorts with prospective data on prenatal cell phone
use, together with previously published data from two cohorts with
retrospectively collected cell phone use data.
Methods We used
individual participant data from 83,884 mother-child pairs in the five
cohorts from Denmark (1996–2002), Korea (2006–2011), the Netherlands
(2003–2004), Norway (2004–2008), and Spain (2003–2008). We categorized
cell phone use into none, low, medium, and high, based on frequency of
calls during pregnancy reported by the mothers. Child behavioral
problems (reported by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire or Child Behavior Checklist) were classified in the
borderline/clinical and clinical ranges using validated cut-offs in
children aged 5–7 years. Cohort specific risk estimates were
meta-analyzed.
Results Overall, 38.8% of mothers, mostly from the
Danish cohort, reported no cell phone use during pregnancy and these
mothers were less likely to have a child with overall behavioral,
hyperactivity/inattention or emotional problems. Evidence for a trend of
increasing risk of child behavioral problems through the maternal cell
phone use categories was observed for hyperactivity/inattention problems
(OR for problems in the clinical range: 1.11, 95% CI 1.01, 1.22; 1.28,
95% CI 1.12, 1.48, among children of medium and high users,
respectively). This association was fairly consistent across cohorts and
between cohorts with retrospectively and prospectively collected cell
phone use data.
Conclusions Maternal cell phone use during
pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk for behavioral
problems, particularly hyperactivity/inattention problems, in the
offspring. The interpretation of these results is unclear as
uncontrolled confounding may influence both maternal cell phone use and
child behavioral problems.
--
A review on electromagnetic fields and the reproductive system
Asghari
A, Khaki AA, Rajabzadeh A, Khaki A. A review on Electromagnetic fields
(EMFs) and the reproductive system. Electron Physician. 2016 Jul
25;8(7):2655-62. doi: 10.19082/2655. eCollection 2016.
Abstract
Environmental
factors, such as electromagnetic waves, induce biological and genetic
effects. One of the most important physiological systems involved with
electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is the genital system. This paper reviews
the effects of EMFs on human reproductive organs, female animals, fetus
development and the importance of two types of natural antioxidants,
i.e., vitamin E and fennel. The studies presented in this review
referred to the effects of different exposures to EMFs on the
reproductive system, and we tried to show the role of natural
antioxidants in reducingthe effects of the exposures. Many studies have
been done on the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic
waves on the cell line of spermatogenesis, sexual hormones, and the
structure of the testes. Also, about the hormonal cycle,
folliculogenesis and female infertility related to EMF have been given
more consideration. In particular, attention is directed to pregnant
women due to the importance of their fetuses. However, in addition to
the studies conducted on animals, further epidemiological research
should be conducted.
Conclusions
Many studies have
shown that electromagnetic fields can have destructive effects on sex
hormones, gonadal function, fetal development, and pregnancy. So people
must be aware of the negative effects of EMFs. Although the impact of
the waves varied at different frequencies, it is better to stay as far
away as possible from their origin because of the risks associated with
exposures to these waves. In addition, people can use natural
antioxidants to help reduce the effects of these waves.
Open Access Paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014506/
Recent studies that found adverse effects on offspring
from prenatal exposure to wireless radiation
(Updated: Apr 23, 2019)
miscarriage: http://bit.ly/1Iwye5z
neurodevelopment (interaction w/ lead exposure): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511138
preterm birth: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23905441
preterm birth: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30995291
spontaneous abortion: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937931
spontaneous abortion: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25877464
liver: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26084117
liver: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27427155
low birth weight: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30243215 (NTP study)
neurodevelopment: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458069
neurodevelopment: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29397508
testes: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24095929
Feb 9, 2016
French cell phone manufacturer warns pregnant women and teens
about cell phone radiation
The French phone manufacturer WIKO states in their manual for the Pulp 4G smartphone (pp. 21-22):
"The maximum SAR value tested on this device when used in its normal position at the ear is 0.114 W/kg and 0.387 W/kg when used close to the body, at a minimum distance of 1.5 cm. It complies with the rules on exposure to radio frequencies when used in its normal position at the ear or at a minimum distance of 1.5 cm from the body. The device uses a high-quality network connection for transmitting files, data and messages. On occasion, the transmission of files or messages may be delayed until the connection is available. When this is the case, be sure to follow the instructions regarding the separation distance for establishing the transmission. If you use a case, belt-clip or holder for carrying the phone, it must not contain any metal and should be kept at a minimum distance of 1.5 cm from your body.
*The SAR limit for mobile devices is 2.0 watts / kilogram (W/kg) averaged over ten grams of body tissue. SAR values may vary according to the standards for reporting information that are in force in different countries. [My note: This standard is used in France and many other countries. In the U.S. the limit is 1.6 watts / kilogram averaged over one gram of body tissue.]
Tips for Reducing Exposure Levels
We recommend that you use your phone in good reception conditions in order to reduce the amount of radiation received. It is advisable to limit the amount of time you use the phone in underground car parks and when travelling by car or train, etc.
Reception conditions are indicated by the bars that are displayed on your phone: the more bars there are, the better the reception quality.
We recommend that you use the hands-free kit to reduce exposure to radiation.
To reduce the adverse effects of prolonged radiation exposure, we advise teenagers to hold the phone away from their lower abdomen, and that pregnant women hold the phone at a distance from their stomach."
Copyright © 2015 WIKO
http://data.wikomobile.com/documents/fichiers/f404d5a6f9dbd799184f05010cac9cd2.pdf#page=21
July 1, 2015
Doctors Caution Pregnant Women About Wireless Radiation Health Risks
Over one hundred medical doctors and
scientific experts from around the world agree: the risks of exposure to
RF radiation from wireless devices for pregnant women and their unborn
children are real, and women have a Right To Know.
NEW YORK, July 1, 2015 /PRNewswire/
-- More than one hundred medical doctors, scientists and public health
experts from around the world have signed a Joint Statement
advising pregnant women to take simple precautions to protect
themselves and their babies from wireless radiation. The Statement is
part of a national right-to-know campaign called the BabySafe Project created by two non-profit organizations to inform pregnant women about the issue.
"The wireless world may be convenient, but it's not without risks," says Patricia Wood, Executive Director of Grassroots Environmental Education and co-creator of the BabySafe Project. "When
more than one hundred of the world's leading medical doctors and
researchers on wireless radiation say we have enough evidence for women
to take protective action, we think women should know about it."
The
project is based on recent scientific studies suggesting that radiation
from wireless devices is capable of interfering with the tiny
electrical impulses that help synapses connect in a developing brain.
Researchers at Yale University have been able to demonstrate that the brains of laboratory mice exposed to pulsed radio frequency radiation in utero were
wired differently from those of the mice who were not exposed,
resulting in behavioral differences that include poorer memory and
symptoms that resemble ADHD in children.
The Yale study
builds on more than twenty years of research and hundreds of
independent, peer-reviewed studies showing that exposure to radiation
from wireless devices can have non-thermal, biological effects on
humans, including DNA strand breaks and other impacts not previously
known.
The authors of many of those studies are among those calling for
precautions.
"The fetus is perhaps the most vulnerable to these types of
insults, when the brain is just forming, when all of the organ systems
are just beginning to develop," says Dr. Hugh Taylor, Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Professor of Women's Health at Yale University, and lead author of the study. "There's essentially no downside to being cautious and protecting your baby. Why not do it?"
SOURCE Grassroots Environmental Education
http://bit.ly/1GMY4Nk
June 3, 2014
The following joint
statement on pregnancy and wireless radiation is part of the Baby Safe
Project, a new public awareness initiative designed to inform women
about the links between pregnancy and wireless radiation. The statement was signed by 44 physicians and scientists from 13 nations, and by 13 educators who have studied wireless radiation health effects.
A video of the press conference that launched the Baby Safe Project and supplementary resources are available
at http://bit.ly/1kqJUur/.
Dr. Hugh Taylor from the Yale University School of Medicine, Dr. Devra Davis from the Environmental Health Trust, and Dr. Maya Shetreat-Klein, a pediatric neurologist who treats autistic children, made presentations at the press conference and answered questions from journalists.
Dr. Taylor discussed his peer-reviewed, experimental research on pregnant mice that were exposed to cell phone radiation. In his study prenatal exposure to cell phone radiation resulted in decreased memory and increased hyperactivity in the offspring. A dose-response relationship was observed between the amount of fetal exposure to cell phone radiation and altered brain activity in the offspring. Dr. Taylor recommends that pregnant women limit their exposure to cell phone radiation.
Dr. Davis discussed the history of tobacco and asbestos in the U.S. to argue for a precautionary approach to reducing risks from "possibly carcinogenic" environmental exposures like wireless radiation (as determined by the World Health Organization). She summarized peer-reviewed, experimental research on prenatal exposure to microwave radiation conducted by Dr. Nesrin Seyhan which found DNA damage in mice and by Dr. Suleyman Kaplan which found damage to brain cells in the hippocampus as well as adverse behavioral effects in the offspring. Dr. Davis provided recommendations on how to reduce exposure to cell phone and Wi-Fi radiation.
Dr. Shetreat-Klein discussed peer-reviewed observational research that found prenatal exposure to wireless radiation associated with adverse behavioral changes in children. She advises pregnant women to keep cell phones away from their bodies.
In response to audience questions, Dr. Davis discussed the need for research funding. She mentioned that the Environmental Health Trust and Dr. Joel Moskowitz at Berkeley are calling for an annual, one dollar fee per cell phone to be devoted to training and research on wireless radiation and health. Dr. Taylor reported that his patients appreciate receiving precautionary information regarding the need to reduce exposure to wireless radiation during pregnancy. Dr. Davis discussed recommendations from the U.S. General Accountability Office and the American Academy of Pediatrics that call on the FCC to test cell phones in a realistic manner. Finally, Dr. Davis discussed the potential product liability faced by the cell phone industry due to adverse health impacts, an issue which she addressed in her book on cell phone radiation, Disconnect.
Joint Statement on
Pregnancy and Wireless Radiation
We join together as
physicians, scientists and educators to express our concern about the risk that
wireless radiation poses to pregnancy and to urge pregnant women to limit their
exposures.
We recognize that the exquisitely delicate systems that direct the development
of human life are vulnerable to environmental insults, and that even minute
exposures during critical windows of development may have serious and life-long
consequences.
We know that the scientific process demands a thorough and exhaustive examination
of the possible impact of wireless radiation on health; however, we believe
substantial evidence of risk, rather than absolute proof of harm, must be the
trigger for action to protect public health.
We call on the research community to conduct more studies to identify the
mechanisms by which a fetus could be affected by wireless radiation exposures.
We call on our elected leaders to support such research and to advance policies
and regulations that limit exposures for pregnant women. We call on industry to
implement and explore technologies and designs that will reduce radiation
exposures until such research is carried out.
We affirm our role as health and science professionals to inform the public
about the potential dangers associated with early-life exposures to wireless
radiation, and invite all professionals engaged in obstetric, pediatric, and
environmental health advocacy to join us in our quest to ensure the safety and
health of future generations.
Signatories (Affiliations listed for identification purposes
only)
Mikko Ahonen, PhD, University of Tampere, Finland
Jennifer Armstrong, MD, Ottawa Environmental Health
Martin Blank, PhD, Associate Professor of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University
David Brown, PhD, Public Health Toxicologist, Environment and Human Health, Inc.
Lois Brustman, MD, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist, St. Luke's - Roosevelt Hospital Center
Sheila Bushkin-Bedient, MD, Concerned Health Professionals of New York
David Carpenter, MD, School of Public Health, University at
Albany
Richard Clapp, DSc, MPH, Professor Emeritus of Environmental Health, Boston University
Devra Davis, PhD, MPH, Visiting Scholar, University of California
at Berkeley
Alvaro Augusto de
Salles, PhD, Federal University
of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Larysa Dyrszka, MD, Pediatrician, New York
Dr. Elizabeth Evans, MA, (Cantab) MBBS (London), DRCOG, UK
Beatrice Golomb, MD,
PhD, Professor of
Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine
Oleg Gregoriev, DrSc, PhD, Chairman, Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Magda Havas, PhD, Associate Professor of Environmental
& Resource Studies, Trent University, Ontario, Canada
Gunnar Heuser, MD, University of California at Los Angeles (retired)
Olle Johansson, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
Cynthia Johnson-McKay, MD, Columbia University
Süleyman Kaplan, PhD, Ondokuz Mayıs University,
Samsun, Turkey
Henry Lai, PhD, Bioelectromagnetics Research Laboratory,
University of Washington
Michael Lerner, PhD, President, Commonweal
Luana Licata, PhD, University of Rome Tor Vergata
Don Maisch, PhD, www.emfacts.com, Australia
Asish Mehta, MD, MCh, DNB, Neurological Surgeon Mumbai, India
Anthony Miller, MD, School of Public Health, University of
Toronto, Canada
Joel Moskowitz, PhD, School of Public Health, University of
California at Berkeley
Hildor Palsdottir, PhD, School of Medicine, New York University
Janet Perlman, MD, MPH, University of California at Berkeley
Rachel Naomi Remen, MD, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco
Lisa Ridgway, MD, Pediatrician
Aviva Romm, MD, Family Physician, Boston
Annie Sasco, MD, DrPH, University of Bordeaux,
France
Stephen Sinatra, MD, FACC, CNS, CBT
Maya Shetreat-Klein, MD, Pediatric Neurologist, Bronx, New York
Colin L. Soskolne, PhD, University of Canberra, Australia
Ken Spaeth, MD, MPH, Hofstra University, North Shore--LIJ Health System
Yael Stein, MD, Hebrew University – Hadassah Medical Center,
Jerusalem, Israel
Anne Steinemann, PhD, University of California at San Diego
Hugh Taylor, MD, Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Yale-New Haven Hospital
Leonardo Trasande, MD, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University
Lucy Waletzky, MD, Psychiatrist, Sleepy Hollow, New York
John Wargo, PhD, Professor of Risk Analysis, Environmental
Policy, and Political Science, Yale University
John West, MD, Surgeon, RadNet
Jingduan Yang, MD, Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine at
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia
Wafaa Aborashed, Bay Area Healthy 880 Communities
Nancy Alderman, Environment and Human Health, Inc.
Mary Beth Brangan &
James Heddle, Ecological Options Network (EON)
Giorgio
Cinciripini, Italian
Network of No-Electrosmog NGOs
Frank Clegg, Canadians For Safe Technology
Desiree Jaworski, Center for Safer
Wireless
B. Blake Levitt, former New York Times contributor,
medical/science journalist, author
Ellen Marks, California Brain Tumor Association
L. Lloyd Morgan, Environmental
Health Trust
Janet Newton, EMRadiation Institute
Camilla Rees, MBA, ElectromagneticHealth.org
Cindy Sage, MA, Sage
Associates; Co-Editor, BioInitiative 2012 Report
--
For more information
about wireless radiation reproductive health effects and effects on children
Belgium Adopts New
Regulations to Promote Cell Phone Radiation Safety
