tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71698308574521857212024-03-17T20:01:59.797-07:00Electromagnetic Radiation SafetyScientific and policy developments regarding the health effects of electromagnetic radiation exposure from cell phones, cell towers, Wi-Fi, Smart Meters, and other wireless technology including 5G, the fifth generation of cellular technology. This website has had more than three million page views. @berkeleyprcElectromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comBlogger219125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-87123682040176572642024-03-11T13:30:00.000-07:002024-03-12T16:20:32.712-07:00Wireless Radiation TV News<div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Which wireless radiation risks </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>are covered most by TV news in the USA?</b><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Since<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">June 2014, television stations in the U.S have aired <b>more than 300 news stories</b> about the health risks from wireless radiation exposure. Almost half of these stories focus on radiation risks from cell phone use, including risks to children. About a third </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">discussed cell tower radiation risks with four </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">dozen stories focusing on cell towers (or Wi-Fi) on school campuses. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Other technologies of concern include wireless s</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">mart meters and Wi-Fi-emitting devices.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Since 2018 more than a hundred news stories have reported on health concerns about the <b>rollout of 5G,</b> the fifth generation of cellular technology. Public concern about this issue has been covered by national network news and by local TV stations in more than 20 states and the District of Columbia.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS and its affiliates have provided the most news coverage about wireless radiation and health. Besides its national news coverage, almost all major CBS stations have run stories including stations in the following cities: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Atlanta,</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Baltimore, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Boston, Burlington, Charleston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Dallas, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, Eugene, Houston, Kansas City (MO), Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Phoenix,</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Raleigh, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, Spartanburg (NC), Spokane, Tampa Bay, and </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Washington, DC. </span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The above statistics are based upon Google searches for TV news stories about wireless radiation health risks where a video was posted online; thus, the overall amount of TV news coverage is under-estimated for this time period.</span><br /><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Links to TV new stories with online videos appear below. The list is sorted by TV network.</span><br /><br /><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS's </span><i><b>60 Minutes</b></i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> has won every broadcast journalism award. In June, 2017, the show aired a story on smartphone addiction,<a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hooked-on-phones/" target="_blank">"<b>Hooked on Your Phone?</b>"</a>, and in December, 2018, a story on the adverse effects of digital device use on children, <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/phones-tablets-and-their-impact-on-kids-brains-60-minutes/" target="_blank">"<b>Phones, Tablets, and their Impact on Kids' Brains.</b>"</a> However, <b><i>60 Minutes</i></b> has never reported on the health risks from the wireless radiation produced by these devices. Do conflicts of interest prevent </span><i>60 Minutes</i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> from covering the story about why our<b> <a href="http://bit.ly/govtfailwireless" target="_blank">government has not updated the obsolete wireless regulations</a></b> that the FCC originally adopted in 1996 and reaffirmed in 2019 which fail to protect us from harmful levels of wireless radiation?</span><br /><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Updated: March 11, </b></span><b>2024</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS News</span></b></span></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/colorado/news/breckenridge-fire-department-reopens-station-concerning-cell-tower-upgrade/" target="_blank">Breckenridge fire department reopens station after concerning cell tower upgrade</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Spencer Wilson, CBS Colorado (Denver, CO), Dec 6, 2023<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><div><span><br /></span></div></span><a href="https://www.wtsp.com/article/news/local/manateecounty/manatee-county-proposed-verizon-cell-tower/67-914253ca-2c51-46c0-a672-5a96dbc03a76" target="_blank">Proposed 115-foot Verizon cell tower being built in Bradenton neighborhood upsets residents</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Shannon Clowe, WTSP (St. Petersburg, FL), Oct 10, 2023</span></div><div><div><br /></div><div><span><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/wyandotte-5g-antenna-debacle-continues-t-mobile-speaks-at-recent-school-board-meeting/" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Wyandotte 5G antenna debacle continues, T-Mobile and 2018 board president speak at recent school board meeting</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Terell Bailey, CBS Detroit (Detroit, MI), Mar 22, 2023<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/wyandotte-school-adds-5g-cellphone-tower-congressional-member-gets-involved/" target="_blank">Wyandotte school adds 5G cellphone tower, congressional member gets involved</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Terell Bailey, CBS Detroit (Detroit, Mi), Mar 9, 2023<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.kctv5.com/2022/07/21/proposed-clay-county-cell-towers-spark-dispute-among-neighbors/" target="_blank">Proposed Clay County cell towers spark dispute among neighbors</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Marleah Campbell, KCTV (Kansas City, MO), Jul 20, 2022<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wtsp.com/article/news/local/st-petersburg-concerned-cell-tower/67-6da24a0f-9dc9-40d0-8142-83ae8eedffd1" target="_blank">St Petersburg homeowners concerned about proposed 5G cell tower</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Chris Rogers, WTSP (Tampa Bay, FL), Jul 6, 2022</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wcax.com/2022/03/07/proposed-cell-towers-face-stiff-opposition-some-vermont-towns/" target="_blank">Proposed cell towers face stiff opposition in some Vermont towns</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Melissa Cooney, WCAX (Burlington, VT), Mar 7, 2022</span></div><div><span><br /><a href="https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/have-you-noticed-a-beige-metal-box-in-your-neighborhood-it-could-be-verizon-5g-technology/285-e19028b3-5dce-4c4f-b432-0b3cb257d2a5" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Have you seen these beige metal boxes being installed in your neighborhood?</a></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Melissa Correa, KHOU (Houston, TX), Jan 26-27, 2021<br /><br /></span></span><a href="https://www.kmov.com/news/west-county-residents-push-back-against-proposed-5g-cell-tower-theres-just-too-much-unknown/article_2e83dbd6-f49c-11ea-b7bf-2776ed6d0a3f.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">West County residents push back against proposed 5G cell tower</a><br style="font-family: arial;" /><span style="font-family: arial;">Kim St. Onge, KMOV (St. Louis County, MO), Sep 11, 2020</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><br /></span></b>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/09/02/palo-alto-retirement-home-residents-fight-to-remove-4g-5g-cell-towers/" target="_blank">Palo Alto Retirement Home Residents Fight To Remove 4G, 5G Cell Towers </a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Len Kiese, KPIX (CBS San Francisco), Sep 2, 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.news9.com/story/41848673/oklahoma-city-residents-concerned-over-new-5g-towers" target="_blank">Oklahoma City Residents Concerned Over New 5G Towers</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Karl Torp, KWTV (Oklahoma City, OK), Mar 3, 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/Joel%20M.%20Moskowitz%20PhD%20%3Cjmm@berkeley.edu%3E%20%207:46%20PM%20(2%20hours%20ago)%20%20to%20me%20https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/investigations/your-stories-8/lakeside-parents-want-5g-tower-removed/509-37bc1171-ee0c-4da5-9ff3-152863abf559" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lakeside parents want cell tower removed</span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kelly Hessedel, KFMB (San Diego, CA), Feb 18, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="ttps://www.wspa.com/news/petition-aims-to-block-roll-out-of-5g-in-spartanburg/" target="_blank">Petition aims to block roll-out of 5G in Spartanburg</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Henry Coburn, WSPA (Spartanburg, NC), Feb 4, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2020/01/13/hinsdale-neighbors-fight-plans-to-install-5g-cell-service-citing-health-worries/" target="_blank">Hinsdale Neighbors Fight Plans To Install 5G Cell Service, Citing Health Worries</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jermont Terry, CBS Chicago, Jan 13, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kutv.com/news/get-gephardt/5g-is-coming-and-so-is-its-rf-radiation" target="_blank">5G is coming, and so is its RF radiation</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Matt Gephardt, KUTV (Salt Lake City, UT), Dec 5, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://local12.com/news/local/as-cell-phone-carrier-eyes-walnut-hills-for-5g-expansion-residents-want-more-information-cincinnati" target="_blank">As cell phone carrier eyes Walnut Hills for 5G expansion, residents want more information</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WKRC (Cincinnati, OH), Dec 3, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/local/encinitas-city-council-votes-on-5g-cell-towers/509-0feda21d-13d6-4a28-b7a3-543e30c93b92" target="_blank">Encinitas City Council votes on 5G cell towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Richard Allyn, CBS San Diego, Oct 30, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><span style="font-family: arial;">Concerned Residents Dispute A Cell Phone Tower That Could Be Built Near Canonsburg Schools</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lisa Washington, CBS Pittsburgh, Oct 16, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.kcci.com/article/kcci-investigates-lawsuit-filed-over-cellphone-radiation/29210935#" target="_blank">KCCI Investigates: Lawsuit filed over cellphone radiation</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Alex Schuman, KCCI (Des Moines, IA), Sep 24, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cbs8.com/article/tech/encinitas-residents-rail-against-5g-cell-towers/509-092d88cb-c273-422f-b64c-ff44fd739d0e" target="_blank">Encinitas residents rail against 5G cell towers</a> </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Richard Allyn, KFMB (San Diego, CA), Sep 23, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/video/test-finds-iphone-7-emitted-twice-the-amount-of-radiation-reported-to-regulators/" target="_blank">Test finds iPhone 7 emitted twice the amount of radiation reported to regulators</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">CBS This Morning, Aug 22, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2019/08/14/costa-mesa-residents-air-concerns-over-5g-towers/" target="_blank">Costa Mesa Residents Air Concerns Over 5G Towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Stacey Butler, CBS Los Angeles, Aug 14, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/local/protest-held-over-5g-zoning-ordinance-in-san-diego/509-b0ba78c7-fde4-4947-a3c5-3c0334ee24be" target="_blank">Protest held over 5G zoning ordinance in San Diego</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Steve Fiorina, CBS San Diego, Aug 7, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/07/23/boulder-5g-study-session/" target="_blank">Boulder Holds Study Session On 5G Coverage For Concerned Residents</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Tori Mason, CBS Denver, Jul 23, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.actionnewsnow.com/content/news/5G-coming-to-Chico-512191742.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G coming to Chico</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Hayley Watts, KVNV (Chico, CA), Jul 3, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2019/06/28/cell-tower-hurt-financially-cbs13-investigates/" target="_blank">CBS13 Investigates: Could A New Cell Tower Hurt You Financially?</a> </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i>A new cell tower could put a local preschool out of business.</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Julie Watts, CBS Sacramento, Jun 28, 2019</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS San Francisco, Jul 6-7, 2019</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2019/06/19/lake-forest-residents-voice-concerns-over-5g-towers/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lake Forest residents voice concerns over 5G cell towers</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS Los Angeles, Jun 19, 2019</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://kval.com/news/local/a-look-at-the-arrival-of-5g-and-just-how-dangerous-it-could-be">A look at the arrival of 5G, and just how dangerous it could be</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Angelina Dixson, KVAL (Eugene, OR), May 22, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.koin.com/news/civic-affairs/5g-cell-tower-critics-post-health-warning-signs/2017340977" target="_blank">5G cell tower critics post 'health warning' signs</a><br />Lisa Balick, KOIN (Portland, OR), May 21, 2019</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="https://ktvl.com/news/local/5g-cell-tower-protest-in-ashland-with-concerns-for-health-and-well-being-from-newly-proposed-tower" target="_blank">5G cell tower protest in Ashland</a><br />KTVL (Ashland, OR), May 15, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/04/10/plan-5g-cell-phone-towers-health-concern-moraga/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Plan For 5G Cell Phone Towers Raises Health Concerns In Moraga</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Susie Steimle, CBS San Francisco, Apr 10, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cell-tower-shut-down-some-california-parents-link-to-several-cases-of-childhood-cancer/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">After several childhood cancer cases at one school, parents question radiation from cell tower</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">CBS This Morning (CBS Network news), Apr 4, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/verify-no-scientists-didnt-say-airpods-cause-cancer-but-they-do-have-questions/65-5d094981-90d5-4e5c-8d7d-a2334a739520" target="_blank">VERIFY: No, scientists didn't say AirPods cause cancer. But they do have questions</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jason Puckett & David Tregde, WUSA (Washington, DC), Mar 20, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/brain-trauma-suffered-by-u-s-diplomats-abroad-could-be-work-of-hostile-foreign-government-60-minutes/" target="_blank">Brain trauma suffered by U.S. diplomats abroad could be work of hostile foreign government</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Scott Pelley, 60 Minutes (CBS Network news), Mar 17, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2019/03/13/could-using-wireless-earbuds-be-putting-you-at-risk-for-cancer/" target="_blank">Could Using Wireless Earbuds Be Putting You At Risk For Cancer?</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dr. Maria Simbra, CBS Pittsburgh, Mar 13, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2019/03/13/experts-wireless-headphones-airpods-could-pose-cancer-risk/" target="_blank">Experts: Wireless Headphones Like AirPods Could Pose Cancer Risk</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KDFW (Dallas, TX), Mar 13, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wfmynews2.com/article/news/recent-articles-that-say-airpods-can-cause-cancer-are-not-quite-right/83-741791b2-bc94-4f30-bd37-7b37b85d224e" target="_blank">Recent Articles That Say AirPods Can Cause Cancer Are Not Quite Right</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Tahesha Moise, WFMY (Greensboro, NC), Mar 13, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2019/03/12/school-cell-tower-causing-cancer/?fbclid=IwAR1_BYLHxzsodfcLhoAy6GellLOCpL2JzZ-jC4Hy_TCKHbkVXzCrGQHJSho" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Parents Blame Elementary School’s Cell Tower After 4th Student Diagnosed With Cancer</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Jennifer McGraw, CBS Sacramento, Mar 13, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.kcci.com/article/some-iowa-residents-push-back-against-new-smart-meters/25417290" target="_blank">Some Iowa residents push back against new smart meters</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Hannah Hilyard, KCCI (Des Moines, IA), Dec 5, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.krem.com/article/news/health/new-study-suggests-that-use-of-cell-phones-may-affect-memory-in-teenagers/293-578151167" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">New study suggests that use of cell phones may affect memory in teenagers</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Rose Beltz, KREM (Spokane, WA), Jul 27, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.cbs17.com/news/investigators/answer-desk/new-5g-network-with-ubiquitous-antennas-raises-health-concerns-among-some/1220085874" target="_blank">New 5G network with ubiquitous antennas raises health concerns among some</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Steve Sbraccia, WNCN (Raleigh, NC), Jun 5, 2018</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/5g-network-cell-towers-raise-health-concerns-for-some-residents/" target="_blank">Wireless Worries: 5G service is coming – and so are health concerns over the towers that support it</a><br />Tony Dokoupil, CBS This Morning (national), May 29, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2018/05/29/5g-cell-phone-service/" target="_blank">5G wireless service Is coming, and so are health concerns over the towers that support It</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS New York, May 29, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://boston.cbslocal.com/2018/05/29/5g-service-wireless-towers-health-concerns/" target="_blank">5G Service Is Coming – And So Are Health Concerns Over The Towers That Support It</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS Boston, May 29, 2018</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<a href="http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2018/05/29/questions-raised-about-5g-health-risks-months-before-sacramento-launches-service/" target="_blank">Questions Raised About 5G Health Risks Months Before Sacramento Launches Service</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS Sacramento, May 29, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2018/05/29/5g-service-health-concerns/" target="_blank">Radiation Concerns Being Raised Over New 5G Wireless Service</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS Philadelphia, May 29, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2018/03/29/can-cellphones-cause-cancer/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Can Cellphones Cause Cancer? Experts Surprised By Latest Tests</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">CBS Pittsburgh, Mar 29, 2018</span></div>
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</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://ktvl.com/news/local/ashland-residents-protesting-5g-tower-installation" target="_blank">Ashland residents protesting 5G tower installation</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Richie Garza, KTVL (Medford, OR), May 25, 2018</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.cbs17.com/news/findings-of-cancer-in-rodents-exposed-to-cell-phone-like-radiation-draws-crowd-to-rtp/1086391625" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Findings of cancer in rodents exposed to cell-phone-like radiation draws crowd to RTP</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Robert Richardson, WNCN (Raleigh, NC), Mar 28, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wnem.com/story/37507233/i-team-report-cell-phone-dangers" target="_blank">I-Team Report: Cell Phone Dangers</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Colette Boyd, WNEW (Saginaw, MI), Feb 14, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2018/02/08/cellphones-cancer/" target="_blank">Do Cellphones Cause Cancer?</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Heather Brown, CBS Minnesota, Feb 8, 2018</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://miami.cbslocal.com/2018/02/07/cell-phone-radiation-health-effects/" target="_blank">This Cell Phone Radiation Study Found More Questions Than Answers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS Miami, Feb 7, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2018/02/02/cell-phone-radiation-linked-tumorsrats-government-study/" target="_blank">Cellphone Radiation Linked To Tumors In Male Rats, Government Study Says</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Andrea Borba, CBS San Francisco, Feb 2, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2018/01/25/consumerwatch-5g-cellphone-towers-signal-renewed-concerns-over-impacts-on-health/" target="_blank">ConsumerWatch: 5G Cellphone Towers Signal Renewed Concerns over Impacts on Health</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Julie Watts and Abigail Sterling, CBS San Francisco, Jan 25, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="http://bit.ly/CDPHcellphone">California to set guidelines for limiting cellphone
radiation exposure</a><br />
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">CBS Evening News (</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">network</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">), Dec 15,
2017</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/12/14/california-cellphone-radiation-guidelines/" target="_blank">California health officials release guidelines on cellphone radiation</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Susie
Steimle, CBS San Francisco, Dec 14, 2017</span><br />
<a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/california-cellphone-radiation-health-guidelines/" target="_blank">CBS (network) News. Dec 14, 2017</a><br />
<a href="http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2017/12/14/california-health-officials-release-guidelines-to-avoid-cellphone-radiation/" target="_blank">CBS Los Angeles, Dec 14, 2017</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2017/12/13/california-cellphone-radiation-warning/">California Public
Health Officials Issue Cellphone Radiation Warning</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">CBS Sacramento, Dec 13, 2017<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/12/11/when-kids-get-their-first-cell-phones-around-the-world/" target="_blank"><br /></a></b>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/12/11/when-kids-get-their-first-cell-phones-around-the-world/" target="_blank">When Kids Get Their First Cell Phones Around The World</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CNN, CBS San Francisco, Dec 11, 2017</span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/11/15/east-bay-homeowners-challenge-proposed-cellphone-towers/" target="_blank"><br /></a></span></b>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/11/15/east-bay-homeowners-challenge-proposed-cellphone-towers/" target="_blank">East Bay Homeowners Challenge Proposed Cellphone Towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Emily Turner, CBS San Francisco, Nov 15, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/11/14/emf-blocking-products-real-world-test-cellphone-cases-blankets/" target="_blank">Cellphone EMF-Blocking Products Put In A Real World Test</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Julie Watts, CBS San Francisco, Nov 14, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/10/19/long-island-cellphone-towers-lawsuit/" target="_blank">Long Islanders Sue Over Health Concerns About New Cellphone Towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Jennifer McLogan, CBS New York, Oct 19, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2017/07/12/cities-counties-line-up-against-bill-removing-limits-on-cell-transmitters/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cities, Counties Line Up Against Bill Removing Limits On Cell Transmitters</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Lemor Abrams, CBS Sacramento, Jul 12, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/06/28/plan-install-50000-cell-towers-california-opposition/" target="_blank">Plan To Install 50,000 Cell Towers In California Faces Opposition</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Phil Matier, CBS San Francisco, June 28, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/05/11/woodbury-l-i-cellphone-repeaters/" target="_blank">Woodbury, L.I. Residents Furious Over Cellphone Repeaters On Their Block</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Carolyn Gusoff, CBS New York, May 11, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.wusa9.com/news/local/greenbelt/cell-towers-could-be-built-at-dozens-of-prince-georges-co-schools/438970099" target="_blank">Cell towers could be built at dozens of Prince George's Co. schools</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Scott Broom, WUSA (Washington, DC), May 11, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2017/03/03/draft-fact-sheet-from-california-health-officials-links-cellphone-use-cancer-risk/&source=gmail&ust=1488742878993000&usg=AFQjCNHuJ6Xxkf28UmYUQHaWbMLlKvdBKQ" href="http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2017/03/03/draft-fact-sheet-from-california-health-officials-links-cellphone-use-cancer-risk/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Draft Fact Sheet From California Health Officials Links Cellphone Use, Cancer Risk</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">CBS Los Angeles, Mar 3, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<a href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/consumerwatch-state-continues-refuse-release-182540082.html">Consumer Watch: State Continues To Refuse To Release Records On Cell Phone Radiation</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Julie Watts, CBS San Francisco, Feb 26, 2017</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><br /><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/02/24/judge-orders-california-to-release-papers-discussing-risk-of-cell-phone-use/">Judge Orders California To Release Papers Discussing Risk Of Cell Phone Use</a> <br />Julie Watts, CBS San Francisco, Feb 24, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.cbs46.com/story/34237115/cell-phone-explosion-caught-on-camera" target="_blank">Cell phone explosion caught on camera</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WGCL (Atlanta, GA), Jan 12, 2017</span><br />
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<span data-offset-key="7mek4-0-0"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://cbsloc.al/2jaUxs3" target="_blank">San Francisco Cellphone Service Shockingly Bad For Global Tech Capitol</a></span></span><br />
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<span data-offset-key="4pnt3-0-0"><span style="font-family: arial;">Susie Steimle, CBS San Francisco, Jan 3, 2017</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.wusa9.com/news/local/parents-upset-over-proposed-cell-phone-tower-/327520519" target="_blank">Parents upset over proposed cell tower</a></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WUSA (Washington, DC), Sep 28, 2016</span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2016/09/13/berkeleys-cellphone-radiation-warning-law-disputed-before-appeals-court/" target="_blank">Berkeley’s Cellphone Radiation Warning Law Disputed Before Appeals Court</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">CBS SF Bay Area, Sep 13, 2016</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2016/09/07/apple-iphone-7-launch-event/" target="_blank">Apple Unveils iPhone 7 Without Headphone Jack</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Julie Watts, CBS San Francisco, Sep 7, 2016</span><br />
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</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2016/09/01/man-chains-electric-meter-to-prevent-utility-from-installing-smart-meter/" target="_blank">Man Chains Electric Meter To Prevent Utility From Installing Smart Meter</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Jon Delano, CBS Pittsburgh, Sep 1, 2016</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://koin.com/2016/08/31/mt-tabor-neighbors-fight-against-plan-for-cell-tower/" target="_blank">Mt. Tabor neighbors fight plans for cell towers</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Chris Holmstrom, KOIN (Portland, OR), Aug 31, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://www.local8now.com/content/news/Addressing-health-concerns-of-new-KUB-smart-meters-381468681.html" target="_blank">Addressing health concerns of new KUB smart meters</a><br />Heather Burian, WVLT (Knoxville, TN), May 31, 2016</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cellphones-and-cancer-study-reignites-concern/" target="_blank">Study reignites concern about cell phones and cancer</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Paula Cohen, CBS News, May 27, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.lasvegasnow.com/news/wifi-in-schools-is-it-hurting-your-child" target="_blank">WiFi in schools: Is it hurting your child?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Paul Joncich, KLAS (Las Vegas, NV), May 10, 2016</span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/05/03/new-research-links-cell-phones-to-health-issues-for-infants-and-children/" target="_blank">New Research Links Cell Phones To Health Issues In Children</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ami Yensi, CBS Baltimore, May 3, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wrdw.com/home/headlines/Proposed-cell-tower-on-Greenbrier-Middle-campus-causing-controversy-378021121.html" target="_blank">Cell tower proposed behind middle school causing controversy</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WDRW (Columbia County, GA), May 3, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://cbsloc.al/1QlKmKm" target="_blank">Protester Claims Vice President Biden's Son Died from Cell Phone-Related Brain Cancer </a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS SF Bay Area, Feb 28, 2016</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wdtv.com/wdtv.cfm?func=view&section=5-News&item=Could-Your-Cell-Phone-be-Harming-You-28855" target="_blank">Could Your Cell Phone Be Harming You?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tess Leonhardt, WDTV (Bridgeport, WV), Feb 21, 2016</span><br />
<a href="http://www.wsbt.com/news/local/can-your-phone-run-more-efficiently-and-expose-you-to-less-radiation/37670002" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wsbt.com/news/local/can-your-phone-run-more-efficiently-and-expose-you-to-less-radiation/37670002" target="_blank">Notre Dame researchers target cell phone radiation</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Zach Crenshaw, WSBT (Mishiwaka, IN)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, Jan 27, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2016/01/12/bay-area-radiation-cell-towers-wireless-industry/" target="_blank">Bay Area Residents Worried About Radiation Face Uphill Battle Fighting Cell Towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Julie Watts, CBS San Francisco, Jan 12, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.live5news.com/story/30458283/scientists-effects-of-radiation-in-kids-from-cell-phones-is-cause-for-concern" target="_blank">Scientists: Effects of cell phone radiation on kids is cause for concern</a></span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ashley Daley, Live 5 News (Charleston, SC), Nov 6, 2015</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/10/31/san-francisco-residents-battle-wireless-companies-cell-tower-building-boom-super-bowl-fifty/" target="_blank">SF Residents Battle Wireless Firms Over Super Bowl Building Boom In Neighborhood Cell Antenna Systems</a><br />Julie Watts, CBS San Francisco, Oct 31, 2015</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://on.wusa9.com/1QQVxso" target="_blank">Montgomery County parents concerned about wireless routers in schools</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mola Lenghi, WUSA9 (Maryland), Oct 20, 2015</span><br />
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<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/berkeley-california-cell-phone-cancer-warning-ordinance-could-be-harmful-says-john-tierney/" target="_blank">Will Berkeley Cell Phone Ordinance Harm Consumers?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS This Morning, Jul 27, 2015</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://denver.cbslocal.com/2015/07/09/retired-electronics-professor-wants-to-create-wi-fi-free-refuge/" target="_blank">Retired Electronics Professor Wants To Create Wi-Fi Free Refuge</a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mark Ackerman, CBS Denver, Jul 9, 2015</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2015/07/01/are-wi-fi-signals-making-you-sick/" target="_blank">Are Wi-Fi Signals Making You Sick?</a><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Marissa Bailey, CBS Chicago, July 1, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://boston.cbslocal.com/2015/06/08/people-believe-wi-fi-is-making-them-sick/" target="_blank">People Believe Wi-Fi Is Making Them Sick</a><br />Dr. Mallika Marshall, CBS Boston, Jun 8, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2015/05/20/sick-from-wifi/" target="_blank">Seen At 11: Is Wi-Fi Making You Sick?</a><br />CBS New York, May 20, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/05/20/why-i-declared-our-bedroom-a-wireless-free-zone/" target="_blank">Why I Declared Our Bedroom A Wireless-Free Zone</a><br />Julie Watts, CBS SF Bay Area, May 20, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://www.wwmt.com/news/features/top-stories/stories/Special-Report---Upgrade-Outrage-133140.shtml" target="_blank">Special Report: Upgrade Outage</a><br />WMMT (Kalamazoo, MI), May 19, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/05/13/berkeley-passes-nations-first-radiation-warning-for-new-cellphones-health/" target="_blank">Berkeley Passes Nation’s First Radiation Warning For New Cellphones</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">CBS SF Bay Area, May 13, 2015</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/berkeley-california-to-require-cellphone-health-warnings/" target="_blank">Berkeley, California, to require cellphone health warnings</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS News, May 13, 2015</span><br />
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<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cellphone-safety-right-to-know/" target="_blank">Cellphone safety: Where do you keep your phone?</a> (web article)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Elizabeth Hinson, CBS National, May 12, 2015 (last updated May 14, 2015)<br /> <a href="http://www.kmov.com/story/29041726/cellphone-safety-where-do-you-keep-your-phone" target="_blank">KMOV (St. Louis, MO)</a><br /> <a href="http://www.kpax.com/story/29045409/cellphone-safety-where-do-you-keep-your-phone" target="_blank">KPAX (Missoula, MT)</a><br />
<a href="http://www.wctv.tv/news/floridanews/headlines/Cellphone-Safety-Where-Do-You-Keep-Your-Phone-303430281.html" target="_blank">WCTV (Tallahassee, FL)</a><br />
<a href="http://www.wdtv.com/wdtv.cfm?func=view&section=5-News&item=Cell-Phone-Radiation-and-Your-Health-23131" target="_blank">WDTV (Weston, West Virginia)</a><br /> <a href="http://www.wfmynews2.com/story/news/2015/05/12/phone-face-safety-radio-frequency/27169523/" target="_blank">WFMY (Greensboro, NC)</a><br /> <a href="http://wivb.com/2015/05/13/cellphone-health-hazard/" target="_blank">WIVB (Buffalo, NY)</a><br /> <a href="http://wkbn.com/2015/05/12/governments-businesses-spar-on-cancer-cellphone-link/" target="_blank">WKBN (Youngstown, OH)</a><br /> <a href="http://wreg.com/2015/05/12/cell-phone-safety-depends-on-where-you-keep-your-phone/" target="_blank">WREQ (Memphis,TN)</a><br /> <a href="http://www.wtsp.com/story/news/health/2015/05/12/new-concerns-about-cellphone-radiation/27211161/" target="_blank">WTSP (Tampa Bay, FL)</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/can-you-get-radiation-poisoning-from-your-cellphone/" target="_blank">Can you get radiation poisoning from your cellphone?</a><br />CBS News, May 12, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/05/05/woman-cuts-family-off-from-wifi-over-health-concerns/" target="_blank">Woman Cuts Family Off From WiFi Over Health Concerns</a><br />Gerri Constant, CBS Los Angeles, May 5, 2015</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/03/24/la-county-firefighters-address-lawmakers-over-cell-tower-concerns/" target="_blank">LA County Firefighters Address Lawmakers Over Cell Tower Concerns</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS Los Angeles, Mar 24, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://www.wusa9.com/story/news/local/maryland/2015/03/07/montgomery-county-parents-concerned-about-impact-on-children/24509945/" target="_blank">Local parents concerned about WiFi radiation</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Andrea McCarren, WUSA (Washington, DC), Mar 7, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2015/03/06/planned-smart-electric-meters-on-long-island-draw-fears-about-privacy-radiation/" target="_blank">Planned Smart Electric Meters On Long Island Draw Fears About Privacy, Radiation</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS New York, Mar 6, 2015</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.kesq.com/news/woman-believes-cell-phone-radiation-nearly-killed-her-husband/31345838" target="_blank">Woman believes cell phone radiation nearly killed her husband</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Samantha Cortese, KESQ (Palm Desert, CA), Feb 18, 2015 (also ABC affiliate)</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.kesq.com/news/indepth-investigation-examining-reports-of-a-cancer-cluster-at-la-quinta-middle-school/31222786" target="_blank">In-depth investigation: Examining reports of a cancer cluster at La Quinta Middle School</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Natalie Brunnell, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KESQ (Palm Desert, CA), Feb 12, 2015 (also ABC affiliate)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="http://www.cbs46.com/story/27405694/cbs46-investigates#ixzz3fWViBD3n" target="_blank">Failure to follow cellular antenna regulations raises safety issues</a></span><br />CBS Atlanta, Nov 17, 2014 (updated Feb 10, 2015)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.wwmt.com/news/features/top-stories/stories/Some-residents-worried-about-health-effects-of-smart-meters-61113.shtml" target="_blank">Some residents worried about health effects of smart meters</a><br />WMMT (Kalamazoo, MI), Dec 3, 2014<br /><br /><a href="http://www.krem.com/story/news/local/spokane-county/2014/12/02/new-smart-meters-installed-in-spokane-co-raise-questions/19777389/" target="_blank">New smart meters installed in Spokane raise questions</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">KREM (Spokane, WA), Dec 2, 2014</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.kens5.com/story/news/local/2014/11/18/cps-energys-smart-meters-show-random-spikes-in-radiation-output/19237285/" target="_blank">CPS Energy's smart meters show random spikes in radiation output</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KENS (San Antonio, TX), Nov 18, 2015</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="http://www.kpho.com/story/27348721/cell-towers-raise-concerns-about-safety" target="_blank">Cell phone towers raise new concerns about safety</a></span><br />Jason Barry, KPHO (Phoenix), Nov 10, 2015 (updated Nov. 25)<br /><br /><a href="http://miami.cbslocal.com/2014/09/30/fpl-foes-of-smart-meters-square-off/" target="_blank">FPL, Foes Of Smart Meters Square Off</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS Miami, Sep 30, 2014</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2014/09/15/are-cell-phones-really-giving-us-cancer/" target="_blank">Are Cell Phones Really Giving Us Cancer?</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBS Pittsburgh, Sep 15, 2014<br /><br /><a href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/08/22/brain-cancer-warning-stickers-proposed-for-cellphones-sold-in-berkeley-cell-phone-brain/" target="_blank">Brain Cancer Warning Stickers Proposed For Cellphones Sold In Berkeley</a><br />CBS SF Bay Area, Aug 22, 2014</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>NBC News</b></span></span></div><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wpxi.com/news/local/jefferson-hills-families-pushing-back-planned-installation-cell-phone-tower/LU5DGM6L5FAZZJGQPNXF2M4QG4/" target="_blank">Jefferson Hills families pushing back on planned installation of cell phone tower</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Jillian Hartmann, WPXI (Pittsburgh, PA), Mar 11, 2024</span></div></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wsmv.com/2023/11/15/these-children-are-vulnerable-parents-concerned-over-franklin-cell-tower/" target="_blank">‘These children are vulnerable’: Parents concerned over Franklin cell tower</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Daniel Smithson, WSMV (Nashville, TN), Nov 15, 2023<br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2023/10/10/school-board-to-meet-amid-wyandotte-elementary-school-cell-tower-controversy/" target="_blank">School board to meet amid Wyandotte elementary school cell tower controversy</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Shawn Ley & Dave Kelley, WDIV (Detroit, MI), Oct 9, 2023</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://mynbc15.com/news/nation-world/parents-outraged-over-cell-tower-being-built-next-to-florida-elementary-school-starkey-ranch-pasco-county-schools-federal-communications-commission-cancer-causing-radiation" target="_blank">Parents outraged over cell tower being built next to Florida elementary school</a></div></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kristina Watrobski, WPMI (Mobile, AL), Apr 20, 2023</span></div><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2023/04/06/key-meeting-between-parents-school-board-occurring-over-cell-tower-on-wyandotte-elementary-school/" target="_blank">Key meeting between parents, school board occurring over cell tower on Wyandotte elementary school</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Shawn Ley & Brandon Carr, WDIV (Detroit, MI), Apr 5, 2023</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2023/03/31/concerned-parents-look-for-answers-on-impact-of-5g-cell-tower-on-top-of-wyandotte-elementary-school/" target="_blank">Concerned parents look for answers on impact of 5G cell tower at Wyandotte elementary school</a></span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Jacqueline Francis & Brandon Carr, WDIV (Detroit, MI), Mar 31, 2023</span></div><div><br /></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2023/03/15/parents-voice-concerns-about-activation-of-5g-cell-tower-on-top-of-elementary-school-in-wyandotte/" target="_blank">Parents voice concerns about activation of 5G cell tower on top of elementary school in Wyandotte</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Victor Williams & Brandon Carr, WDIV (Detroit, MI), Mar 14, 2023</span></div><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/5g-towers-suddenly-showed-up-across-nyc-heres-why-some-neighborhoods-want-them-gone/3944233/" target="_blank">5G Towers Suddenly Showed Up Across NYC — Here's Why Some Neighborhoods Want Them Gone</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Gus Rosendale, NBC New York, Nov 8, 2022</span></div><div> <br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/proposed-at-t-cell-tower-causes-concern-among-neighbors-in-kansas-city" target="_blank">Proposed AT&T cell tower causes concern among neighbors in Kansas City</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Emma James, KSHB (Kansas City, MO), Jul 19, 2022<br /></span><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.kristv.com/news/local-news/new-5g-cell-phone-tower-in-neighborhood-has-residents-concerned-about-possible-health-impacts" target="_blank">New 5G cell phone tower in neighborhood has residents concerned about possible health impacts</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Seth Kovar, KRIS (Corpus Christi, TX), Mar 8, 2022<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ksnt.com/news/local-news/potential-new-cell-tower-worries-topeka-neighbors/" target="_blank">Potential new cell tower worries Topeka neighbors</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Matthew Johnstone, KSNT (Topeka, KS), Feb 14, 2022<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.whec.com/rochester-new-york-news/fact-check-smart-meters/6158524/" target="_blank">Fact Check: Smart Meters</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Nikki Rudd, WHEC (Rochester, NY), Jul 1, 2021</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kvoa.com/news/n4t-investigators/2021/06/14/n4t-investigators-5g-rollout-in-tucson-met-with-opposition/">5G rollout in Tucson met with opposition</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Chorus Nylander, KVOA (Tucson, AZ), Jun 14, 2021</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kvoa.com/news/digging-deeper/2021/02/23/digging-deeper-5g-towers-popping-up-across-tucson-city-sends-letter-to-state-lawmakers/" target="_blank">5G towers popping up across Tucson, City sends letter to State lawmakers</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Chorus Nylander, KVOA (Tucson, AZ), Feb 23, 2021<br /></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kvoa.com/news/local-news/2020/09/02/city-of-tucson-residents-have-zero-control-over-cell-pole-placement/" target="_blank">City of Tucson & residents have zero control over cell pole placement</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Allie Potter, KVOA (Tucson, AZ), Sep 2, 2020</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kfor.com/news/local/group-bands-together-against-5g-technology/" target="_blank">Group bands together against 5G technology</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lacey Lett, KFOR (Oklahoma City, OK), Mar 3, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/parents-protest-cell-tower-across-street-from-elementary-school/2275081/" target="_blank">Parents Protest Cell Tower Across Street from Elementary School</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Niala Charles, KNSD (San Diego, CA), Feb 28, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/investigations/5g-generation-is-connecticut-ready-for-the-new-technology/2226439/" target="_blank">5G Generation: Is Connecticut Ready for The New Technology?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Len Besthoff, WVIT (West Hartford, CT), Feb 21, 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/tech/jacksonville-group-wants-restrictions-on-where-5g-units-are-placed/77-a58ddbb8-9c8e-40bd-bae9-1f0708ff15a9" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Florida group wants restrictions on where 5G units are placed</span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Alexander Osiadacz, WTLV-WJXX </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(NBC & ABC) </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(Jacksonville, FL)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Feb 20, 2020 </span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wmcactionnews5.com/2020/01/23/new-push-germantown-cell-tower-raises-new-concerns/" target="_blank">New push for Germantown cell tower raises new concerns</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kelli Cook, WMC (Memphis, TN), Jan 22, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/south-bay/parents-want-cellphone-tower-taken-off-church-steeple-in-san-jose/2217133/" target="_blank">Parents Want Cellphone Tower Taken Off Church Steeple in San Jose</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Damian Trujillo, NBC Bay Area, Jan 17, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://news4sanantonio.com/news/local/northwest-neighborhood-concerned-about-possible-verizon-5g-tower" target="_blank">Northwest neighborhood concerned about possible Verizon 5G tower</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Amanda Henderson, WOAI (San Antonio, TX), Jan 15, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://ktvz.com/news/2020/01/06/parents-neighbors-concerned-over-possible-cell-tower-in-ne-bend/" target="_blank">Parents, neighbors concerned over possible cell tower in NE Bend</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Max Goldwasser, KTVZ (Bend, OR), Jan 6, 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/local/concerns-over-5g-tech-in-jacksonville-as-city-approves-new-regulations/77-a956d1d4-35a3-4da5-afc4-9abff74d5078" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Concerns over 5G tech in Jacksonville as City approves new regulations</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Alexander Osiadacz, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJXX" title="WJXX">WJXX</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTLV" title="WTLV">WTLV</a> (Jacksonville, FL), Dec 11, 2019 (also ABC)</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wpxi.com/news/top-stories/parents-furious-over-plans-to-build-5g-cell-antenna-just-feet-away-from-elementary-school/1000827911" target="_blank">Parents furious over plans to build 5G cell antenna just feet away from elementary school</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">WXPI (Pittsburgh, PA), Oct 23, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><a href="https://www.ktvz.com/news/elk-meadow-parents-press-councilors-over-cell-tower/1128328556" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Elk Meadow parents press councilors over cell tower</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jacob Larsen, KTVZ (Bend, OR), Oct 3, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://fullmeasure.news/news/cover-story/5g-whiz" target="_blank">5G Whiz</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Staff, Full Measure (NBC Network), Sep 15, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/up%20next:Boris%20Johnson%20suspends%20Parliament%20ahead%20of%20Brexit%20deadline%20MSNBC%20Chicago%20Tribune:%20FCC%20investigating%20phone%20radiation%20findings" target="_blank">Chicago Tribune: FCC investigating phone radiation findings</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ali Velshi, MSNBC, Aug 23, 2019 (interview w/ Sam Roe)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/neighbors-fight-losing-battle-against-5g-tower-right-next-to-denver-home/73-18fd7da0-0f56-4aa1-834e-cf13ed9c6db3" target="_blank">Neighbors fight losing battle against 5G tower right next to Denver home</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Nelson Garcia, KUSA (Denver, CO), Aug 9, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.nbc-2.com/story/40879436/concern-grows-over-electromagnetic-frequency-radiation-as-cell-phones-turn-to-5g" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Concern grows over electromagnetic frequency radiation as cell phones turn to 5G</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Annaliese Garcia, WBBH (Fort Myers, FL), Aug 6, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kvoa.com/news/local-news/2019/06/05/cell-tower-causes-some-concern-for-catalina-residents/" target="_blank">Cell tower causes some concern for Catalina residents</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Eric Fink, KVOA (Tucson, AZ), Jun 6, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.wmcactionnews5.com/2019/06/05/germantown-withdraws-plan-cell-phone-tower-near-elementary-school/" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Germantown withdraws plan for cell phone tower near elementary school</span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WMC (Memphis, TN), Jun 5, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://nbc16.com/news/local/cell-phone-radiation-just-how-dangerous-for-you-is-it" target="_blank">Cell phone radiation: Just how dangerous is it for you?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Angelina Dixson, KMTR (Eugene, OR), May 22, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kobi5.com/news/locals-plan-rally-against-5g-rollout-102059/" target="_blank">Locals plan rally against 5G rollout</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KOBI (Medford, OR), May 15, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.whec.com/news/is-5g-technology-safe-tbe-debate-intensifies/5338867/">Is 5G technology safe? The debate intensifies</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jennifer Lewke, WHEC (Rochester, NY), May 2, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.kare11.com/article/news/verify-does-5g-cause-health-problems/89-277cb688-1f24-4e07-b76a-aa78ec8e6d0a" target="_blank">VERIFY: Does 5G cause health problems?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Gordon Severson, KARE (Minneapolis, MN), Apr 22, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.tmj4.com/news/national/5g-fears-homeowners-worry" target="_blank">5G fears: Homeowners worry about mini towers in street</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">John Matarese, WTMJ (Milwaukee, WI), Feb 8, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/breaking-the-news/testicular-cancer-why-its-difficult-to-talk-about-and-why-its-rising/89-616687920" target="_blank">Testicular cancer: Why it's difficult to talk about, and why it's rising</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Chris Hrapsky, KARE (Minneapolis, MN), Nov 21, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kvoa.com/news/local-news/2018/11/16/people-concerned-about-5g-as-fcc-approves-installation/" target="_blank">People concerned about 5G as FCC approves installation</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Allie Potter, KVOA (Tucson, AZ), Nov 16, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.wthr.com/article/13-investigates-poor-cell-phone-reception-could-increase-your-radiation-exposure-10000x" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Poor cell phone reception could increase your radiation exposure by 10,000x</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Bob Segall, WTHR (Indianapolis, IN), Oct 5, 2018</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kvoa.com/news/2018/09/23/protecting-yourself-from-cellular-radiation/" target="_blank">Protecting yourself from cellular radiation</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Denelle Confair, KVOA (Tucson, AZ), Sep 23, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="https://kobi5.com/news/top-stories/protestors-rally-against-pacific-powers-smart-meters-86391/" target="_blank">Protestors rally against Pacific Power’s smart meters</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Rayvan Vares, KOBI (Medford, OR), Sep 22, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.wcnc.com/article/news/not-in-my-backyard-are-cell-towers-coming-to-your-neighborhood/275-578084000" target="_blank">Not in my backyard: Are cell towers coming to your neighborhood?</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Nate Morabito, WCNC (Charlotte, NC), Jul 27, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://kobi5.com/news/local-news/pacific-power-installing-smart-meters-in-jackson-county-80781/" target="_blank">Pacific Power Installing Smart Meters in Jackson County</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Elizabeth Ruiz, KOBI (Medford, OR), Jul 2, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Palo-Alto-City-Leaders-Approve-Verizon-Cell-Towers-483293831.html" target="_blank">Palo Alto City Leaders Approve Verizon Cell Towers</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ian Cull, NBC Bay Area, May 22, 2018</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.koaa.com/story/38044103/construction-halted-on-cell-tower-near-elementary-school-playground" target="_blank">Construction halted on cell tower near elementary school playground</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Laura Wilson, KOAA (Colorado Springs, CO), Apr 25, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.ktsm.com/news/local/el-paso-news/city-council-denies-cell-phone-tower-being-built-on-church-property/1127886317" target="_blank">City Council denies cell phone tower being built on church property</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Natassia Paloma, KTSM (El Paso, TX), Apr 17, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/health/New-Study-Links-Cancer-to-Cell-Phone-Use-478243173.html" target="_blank">New Study Links Cancer to Cell Phone Use</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Bianca Castro, KXAS (Dallas, TX), Mar 28, 2018</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.kob.com/health-news/study-cell-phone-radiation-cancer-link-health/4851695/" target="_blank">KOBF (Albuquerque, NM), Apr 3, 2018</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://nbc4i.com/2018/04/03/cell-phone-radiation-linked-to-cancer-new-study-says/" target="_blank">WCMH (Columbus, OH), Apr 3, 2018</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.nbc-2.com/story/37869369/cell-phone-radiation-linked-to-cancer-study-says" target="_blank">WBBH (Fort Myers, FL), Apr 3, 2018</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wthr.com/article/study-cell-phone-radiation-linked-to-cancer" target="_blank">WTHR (Indianapolis, IN), Apr 3, 2018</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.click2houston.com/health/new-study-links-cancer-to-cell-phone-use" target="_blank">KPRC (Houston, TX), Apr 4, 2018</a></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.ktvb.com/article/news/local/verify/verify-are-electromagnetic-fields-harmful-to-your-health/277-516274100" target="_blank">Verify: Are electromagnetic fields harmful to your health?</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tami Tremblay, KTVB (Boise, ID), Feb 8, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.wcnc.com/article/news/new-study-reigniting-cell-phone-cancer-debate/275-515401018" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wcnc.com/article/news/new-study-reigniting-cell-phone-cancer-debate/275-515401018" target="_blank">New study reigniting cell phone, cancer debate</a><br />Rob Hughes, WCNC (Charlotte, NC), Feb 6, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/health/Low-Radiation-Risk-Found-in-Cell-Phone-Study-472760813.html" target="_blank">Study of rats reveals cellphone radiation risk is low</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Erika Edwards, NBC Connecticut (West Hartford, CT), Feb 5, 2018</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">NBC Southern California, Feb 5, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wrdw.com/content/news/Residents-voice-concern-over-placement-of-cell-phone-tower-site-470046803.html" target="_blank">Aiken County Planning Commission recommends denying request for new cell phone tower</a><br />Ben Billmyer & Lia Fernandez, WRDW (Aiken County, SC), Jan 18, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wthr.com/article/new-guidance-issued-for-avoiding-cell-phone-radiation" target="_blank">New guidance issued for avoiding cell phone radiation</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Bob Segall, WTHR (Indianapolis, IN), Dec 26, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.wbir.com/article/news/local/how-worried-do-we-need-to-be-about-cellphone-radiation/51-501909707" target="_blank">How worried do we need to be about cell phone radiation?</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sean Franklin, WBIR (Knoxville, TN), Dec 22, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.11alive.com/article/entertainment/television/programs/daily-blast-live/health-officials-release-guidelines-on-dangerous-cellphone-radiation/507-500592294" target="_blank">Health officials release guidelines on dangerous cellphone radiation</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Madeline Cuddihy, WXIA (Atlanta, GA), Dec 19, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/11PM-Mon-Arturo-Cell-Phone-Tower-Hit_Bay-Area.html" target="_blank">Debate over Cell Towers in Hillsborough</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">NBC Bay Area, Dec 18, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="http://wwlp.com/2017/11/28/proposed-bill-would-cover-potential-injuries-from-microwaves-cellphones/" target="_blank">Proposed bill would cover potential injuries from microwaves, cellphones</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Elisha Machado, WWLP (Springfield, MA), Nov 28, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://nbc24.com/news/local/new-cellphone-tower-has-some-residents-concerned" target="_blank">New cellphone tower has some residents concerned</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kaylie Spotts, WNWO (Whitehouse, OH), Sep 4, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.11alive.com/news/local/controversial-t-mobile-cell-phone-tower-back-on-roswells-agenda/455936105" target="_blank">Controversial T-Mobile cell phone tower back on Roswell's agenda</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Christopher Hopper, WXIA (Atlanta, GA), Jul 11, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.kcbd.com/story/35851834/texas-teen-electrocuted-after-cell-phone-incident-in-bathtub" target="_blank">Texas teen electrocuted after cell phone incident in bathtub</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Presley Fowler, KCBD (Lubbock, Tx), Jul 11, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://www.kcra.com/article/2-students-get-cancer-ripon-parents-want-cell-towers-removed-from-schools/10046427" target="_blank">2 students get cancer; Ripon parents want cell towers removed from schools</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Natalie Brunell, KCRA (Sacramento, CA), Jun 20, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/government-study-links-cellphone-radiation-to-cancer-694521411909" target="_blank">Government Study Links Cellphone Radiation to Cancer</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt, May 27, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Community-Meeting-About-Cell-Phone-Towers-Gets-Heated-In-Prince-George_s-County_Washington-DC-420434853.html" target="_blank">Greenbelt Residents Worried About Health Effects of Cellphone Tower</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Darcy Spencer, NBC Washington (DC), Apr 25, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.kcra.com/article/cellphone-safety-tips-to-limit-radiation-exposure/9252779" target="_blank">Cellphone safety tips to limit radiation exposure</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Natalie Brunell, KCRA (Sacramento, CA), Apr 9, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.kcra.com/article/sign-puts-berkeley-in-center-of-cell-phone-safety-debate/9251398" target="_blank">Sign puts Berkeley in center of cellphone debate</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Natalie Brunell, KCRA (Sacramento, CA), Apr 9, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://wfla.com/2017/03/31/how-to-reduce-electromagnetic-fields-created-by-electricity/" target="_blank">How to reduce electromagnetic fields created by electricity</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Meredyth Censullo, KFLA (Tampa, FL), Mar 31, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Cell-Phone-Cancer-Debate-Heats-up-With-Document-Release-415371683.html&source=gmail&ust=1488742878993000&usg=AFQjCNHdPTprq9-o6jKgbJaqGQ38z0kdiQ" href="http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Cell-Phone-Cancer-Debate-Heats-up-With-Document-Release-415371683.html" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Cell Phone Cancer Debate Heats up With Document Release</a><br />Scott Budman, NBC Bay Area, Mar 3, 2017</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/health/Cell-Phone-Cancer-Debate-Heats-up-With-Document-Release-415371683.html&source=gmail&ust=1488742878993000&usg=AFQjCNG0Knc4eeFIgn6Y2bWgSc2jV0dbJA" href="http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/health/Cell-Phone-Cancer-Debate-Heats-up-With-Document-Release-415371683.html" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">NBC Southern California</a>, Mar 3, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.kcra.com/article/state-health-officials-accused-of-keeping-cell-phone-dangers-secret/9090869&source=gmail&ust=1488742878993000&usg=AFQjCNER4vmQR_2kEITLipCXnvUEN6_t8A" href="http://www.kcra.com/article/state-health-officials-accused-of-keeping-cell-phone-dangers-secret/9090869" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">State health officials accused of keeping cell phone dangers secret</a><br />
Vicki Gonzalez, KCRA (NBC Sacramento), Mar 3, 2017</span></div>
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<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://news3lv.com/news/local/cell-phones-safe-flap-in-california-revives-debate&source=gmail&ust=1488742878993000&usg=AFQjCNF92bCIOZS5hxVrGPuAhDPbya5bqg" href="http://news3lv.com/news/local/cell-phones-safe-flap-in-california-revives-debate" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cell phones safe? Flap in California revives debate</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Jeff Gillan, KSNV (NBC Las Vegas), Mar 3, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wthr.com/article/researchers-long-term-cell-phone-use-may-increase-your-risk-for-a-brain-tumor" target="_blank">Researchers: Long-term cell phone use may increase your risk for a brain tumor</a><br />Bob Segall, WTHR (Indianapolis, IN), Feb 21, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wilx.com/home/headlines/SPECIAL-REPORT-The-facts-about-smart-meters-368469751.html" target="_blank">Special Report: The Facts about Smart Meters</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joy Wang, WILX (Lansing, MI), Feb 12, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.tmj4.com/news/local-news/board-denies-proposed-greendale-cell-tower" target="_blank">Board denies proposed Greendale cell tower</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Rebecca Klopf, WTMJ (Milwaukee, WI), Feb 7, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wgrz.com/money/radiation-blocking-underwear-and-five-other-crazy-ces-gadgets/381972511" target="_blank">Radiation-blocking underwear and five other crazy CES gadgets</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Matt Granite, WGRZ (Buffalo, NY), Jan 7, 2016</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.nbc-2.com/story/34091540/rat-study-launches-new-debate-over-cell-radiation-and-cancer" target="_blank">Rat Study Launches New Debate over Cell Phone Radiation and Cancer</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Rachel Polansky, WBBH (Fort Myers, FL), Dec 19, 2016</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.wthr.com/article/13-investigates-cellphones-and-cancer-is-the-risk-real" target="_blank">13 Investigates cellphones and cancer: Is the risk real?</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Bob Segall, WTHR (Indianapolis, IN), Nov 14, 2016</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Are-Kids-at-Risk-Scores-of-Chicago-Area-Schools-Allow-Cell-Towers-on-Their-Buildings-Grounds-395744921.html" target="_blank">Are Kids at Risk? Scores of Chicago-Area Schools Allow Cell Towers on their Buildings, Grounds</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Phil Rogers, Katy Smyser, NBC Chicago, Oct 3, 2016</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Parents-Fight-Plans-for-Cell-Tower-at-Virginia-Elementary-School-394362991.html" target="_blank">Parents Fight Plans for Cell Tower at Virginia Elementary School</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">David Culver, NBC Washington (DC), Sep 21, 2016</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Berkeley-Cellphone-Ordinance-Challenged-in-Appeals-Court-393344691.html" target="_blank">Berkeley Cellphone Ordinance Challenged in Appeals Court</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Mark Matthews & Stephen Ellison, NBC Bay Area (San Jose, CA), Sep 13, 2016</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Montgomery-County-Residents-Shocked-by-Proposal-to-Build-Cell-Towers-in-Front-of-Homes-392219431.html" target="_blank">Montgomery County Residents Shocked by Proposal to Build Cell Towers in Front of Homes</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jackie Bensen, NBC Washington (DC), Sep 2, 2016</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/possible-cellphone-link-cancer-rat-study-launches-new-debate-n581621" target="_blank">Government study links cell phone radiation to cancer</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Maggie Fox, NBC News, May 27, 2016</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://gations/get-mcginty/piper-glenn-residents-cite-eagles-in-cell-tower-fight/124779977" target="_blank">Piper Glenn residents cite eagles in cell tower fight</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Bill McGinty, WCNC (Charlotte, NC), Apr 7, 2016</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Berkeleys-Right-to-Know-Cell-Phone-Radiation-Warning-Ordinance-Now-in-Effect-373027781.html" target="_blank">Berkeley's 'Right to Know' Cell Phone Radiation Warning Ordinance Now in Effect</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jean Elle, NBC Bay Area (San Jose, CA), Mar 21, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wbaltv.com/money/bge-makes-case-for-another-rate-hike/38578294" target="_blank"><br /></a></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wbaltv.com/money/bge-makes-case-for-another-rate-hike/38578294" target="_blank">BGE makes case for another rate hike</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">George Lettis, WBAL (Baltimore, MD), Mar 18, 2016</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://turnto10.com/news/local/north-kingstown-teacher-says-shes-being-fired-because-she-believes-wifi-is-health-hazard" target="_blank">North Kingstown teacher says she's being fired because she believes WiFi is health hazard</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Brian Crandall, WJAR (Providence, RI), Feb 23, 2016</span><br />
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<a href="http://wsav.com/2015/11/06/kids-face-potential-radiation-danger-using-cell-phones/" target="_blank">Kids Face Potential Radiation Danger Using Cell Phones</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Shanay Campbell, WSAV (Savannah, GA), Nov 6, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wmbfnews.com/story/30458283/scientists-effects-of-radiation-in-kids-from-cell-phones-is-cause-for-concern" target="_blank">Scientists: Effects of cell phone radiation on kids is cause for concern</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ashley Daley, WMBF (Myrtle Beach, SC), Nov 6, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wptv.com/news/region-c-palm-beach-county/pediatricians-express-concern-over-growing-cell-phone-use-radiation-exposure-for-children" target="_blank">Pediatricians express concern over growing cellphone use, radiation exposure for children</a><br />Meghan McRoberts, WPTV (West Palm Beach, FL), Nov 6, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://kxan.com/2015/11/05/potential-radiation-danger-to-kids-using-cell-phones/" target="_blank">Potential radiation danger to kids using cell phones</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Shannon Wolfson, KXAN (Austin, TX), Nov 5, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://on.today.com/1RXTHGq" target="_blank">Pediatricians' new warning: Limit children's exposure to cellphones</a><br />Danielle Dellorto, NBC Today Show, Nov 5, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/1FlD8mz" target="_blank">Report Examines Cell Phone Radiation</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jean Elle, NBC Bay Area, Sep 24, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wbaltv.com/news/group-wants-cell-towers-gone/35420012" target="_blank">Group wants cell towers gone</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Barry Sims, WBAL (Anne Arundel County, MD), Sep 22, 2015</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.wsmv.com/story/29674568/neighborhood-fights-possible-new-cell-tower-on-church-property" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Neighborhood fights possible new cell tower on church property</span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Forrest Sanders, WSMV (Nashville, TN), Jul 30, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Residents-Protest-Cell-Tower-Installation-Citing-Health-Concerns-317612621.html" target="_blank">Residents protest cell tower installation citing health concerns</a><br />Sophia Kunthara and Melissa Etezadi, NBC Southern California, Jul 20, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Wireless-Companies-Sue-Berkeley-306569101.html" target="_blank">Wireless companies sue Berkeley over cellphone radiation warning ordinance</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tamara Palmer, NBC Bay Area (San Jose, CA), Jun 8, 2015</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Berkeley-Approves-Right-to-Know-Cell-Phone-Ordinance-303551751.html" target="_blank">Berkeley approves "Right to Know" cell phone radiation warning ordinance</a><br />Jean Elle, NBC Bay Area </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(San Jose, CA)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, May 12, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/seattle/2015/05/07/west-seattle-residents-protest-new-cell-phone-antennas/70974598/" target="_blank">West Seattle residents protest new cell phone antennas</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Alex Rozier, KING (Seattle, WA), May 7, 2015</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://www.nbcbayarea.com/video/#!/on-air/as-seen-on/Bay-Area-Documentary-Mobilize-Examines-Cell-Phone-Dangers/297872611" target="_blank">Bay Area documentary "Mobilize" examines cell phone dangers</a><br />Jean Elle, NBC Bay Area </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(San Jose, CA)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, Mar 28, 2015</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>ABC News</b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="https://www.wkrn.com/news/local-news/proposal-would-require-new-cell-towers-to-be-at-least-1500-feet-away-from-schools-in-williamson-county/" target="_blank">Proposal would require new cell towers to be at least 1,500 feet away from schools in Williamson County</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kendall Ashman, WKRN (Nashville, TN), Jan 30, 2024</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wkrn.com/news/local-news/petition-calls-to-remove-cell-tower-from-nearby-tn-elementary-school/" target="_blank">TN parents call for removal of cell tower near elementary school</a><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kendall Ashman, WKRN (Nashville, TN), Nov 14, 2023</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://katv.com/news/nation-world/parents-outraged-over-cell-tower-being-built-next-to-florida-elementary-school-starkey-ranch-pasco-county-schools-federal-communications-commission-cancer-causing-radiation" target="_blank">Parents outraged over cell tower being built next to Florida elementary school</a></span><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Kristina Watrobski, KATV (Little Rock, AR), Apr 20, 2023</span></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><a href="https://www.abcactionnews.com/news/region-pasco/pasco-county-parents-fighting-to-stop-cell-phone-tower-from-being-built-next-to-elementary-school" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Pasco County parents fighting to stop cell phone tower from being built next to elementary school</a></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Eric Waxler, WFTS (Tampa Bay, FL), Apr 18, 2023</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/detroit-parents-call-for-tests-to-determine-radiation-exposure-from-cell-antennas-on-schools" target="_blank">Detroit parents call for tests to determine radiation exposure from cell antennas on schools</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kim Russell & Johnny Sartin, WXYZ (Detroit, MI), Apr 6, 2023</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/is-the-cell-phone-tower-on-top-of-a-wyandotte-school-harmful-heres-what-an-expert-says" target="_blank">Is the cellphone tower on top of a Wyandotte school harmful? Here's what an expert says</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kim Russell, WXYZ (Detroit, MI), Mar 29, 2023<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/t-mobile-addresses-concerned-parents-about-the-cell-tower-in-wyandotte" target="_blank">T-Mobile addresses concerned parents about the cell tower in Wyandotte</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Peter Maxwell, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">WXYZ </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(Detroit, MI), Mar 22, 2023</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b><a href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/wyandotte-superintendent-it-would-cost-millions-to-break-cell-tower-contract" target="_blank">Wyandotte superintendent: It would cost 'millions' to break cell tower contract</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">WXYZ </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(Detroit, MI), Mar 21, 2023</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/wayne-county/wyandotte-parents-sound-off-to-school-board-over-5g-cell-tower-at-elementary-school" target="_blank">Wyandotte parents sound off over 5G cell tower at elementary school</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Brett Kast, WXYZ </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(Detroit, MI), Mar 14, 2023</span></div><div><span><br /><a href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/wayne-county/cell-phone-tower-being-built-on-elementary-school-roof-concerns-parents-in-wyandotte" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Cellphone tower being built on elementary school roof concerns parents in Wyandotte</a><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kim Russell, WXYZ (Detroit, MI), Mar 1, 2023</span></div><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/contact-denver7/englewood-neighborhood-outraged-by-citys-plan-to-build-5g-tower-in-front-of-home" target="_blank">Englewood neighborhood outraged by city's plan to build 5G tower in front of home</a><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Bayan Wang, KCDO (Denver, CO), Jul 7, 2022</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.abc15.com/news/region-southeast-valley/gilbert/neighbors-concerned-about-5g-cell-tower-in-gilbert" target="_blank">Neighbors concerned about 5G cell tower in Gilbert</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Ashley Paradez, KNXT (Phoenix, Az), Aug 11, 2021</span></div><div> <span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="https://wlos.com/news/local/verizon-cell-tower-in-limbo-after-madison-county-board-takes-no-action">Verizon cell tower in limbo after Madison County board takes no action</a> <br />Caitlyn Penter, WLOS (Asheville, NC), June 7, 2021</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /><a href="https://abc13.com/houston-homes-seeing-5g-boxes-placed-without-homeowners-being-notified-not-of-box-placement-verizon-home/10039722/" target="_blank">Houston homeowners upset over not being notified of 5G box placement</a><br />Nick Natario, KTRK (Houston, TX), Jan 27, 2021<br /><br /><a href="https://weartv.com/news/local/more-5g-woes-pole-installed-feet-away-from-residents-front-door" target="_blank">More 5G woes: Poles installed feet away from Pensacola resident's front door</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Rebekah Castor, WEAR (Pensacola, FL), Jan 21, 2021</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://weartv.com/news/local/residents-outraged-as-more-5g-antennas-are-approved-in-pensacola" target="_blank">Residents outraged as more 5G antennas are approved in Pensacola</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Rebekah Castor, WEAR (Pensacola, FL), May 10, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.abcactionnews.com/news/local-news/i-team-investigates/5g-technology-brings-potential-and-tension" target="_blank">5G technology brings potential and tension</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kylie McGivern, WFTS (Tampa Bay, FL), Mar 30, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/cell-tower-near-elementary-school-brings-sparks-concern" target="_blank">Cell tower near elementary school sparks concern</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lindsay Pena, Zac Self, KGTV (San Diego, CA), Feb 27, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://katu.com/news/local/concerns-over-health-lead-to-cellphone-tower-protest-in-camas" target="_blank">Concerns over health lead to cellphone tower protest in Camas</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joe English, KATU (Portland, OR), Feb 5, 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/local/concerns-over-5g-tech-in-jacksonville-as-city-approves-new-regulations/77-a956d1d4-35a3-4da5-afc4-9abff74d5078" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Concerns over 5G tech in Jacksonville as City approves new regulations</span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Alexander Osiadacz, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJXX" title="WJXX">WJXX</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTLV" title="WTLV">WTLV</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (Jacksonville, FL), Dec 11, 2019 (also NBC)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://montgomery%20co.%20considers%205g%2C%20but%20health%20concerns%20have%20residents%20protesting/" target="_blank">Montgomery Co. considers 5G, but health concerns have residents protesting</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jay Korff, WJLA (Washington, DC), Nov 19, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.theindychannel.com/news/call-6-investigators/carmel-homeowners-raise-concerns-over-5g-small-cell-towers" target="_blank">Carmel homeowners raise concerns over 5G small cell towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kara Kenney, WRTV (Indianapolis, IN), Oct 4, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://weartv.com/news/local/can-5g-cell-phone-antennas-impact-your-pacemaker" target="_blank">Can 5G cell phone antennas impact your pacemaker?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jennifer Munoz, WEAR (Pensacola, FL), Sep 27, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://abc3340.com/news/local/small-cell-tower-and-5g-concerns-and-benefits" target="_blank">Small Cell tower and 5G concerns and benefits</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Andrew Donley, WBMA (Birmingham, AL), Sep 23, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wcpo.com/money/consumer/dont-waste-your-money/mystery-towers-going-up-all-over-cincinnati-area" target="_blank">Mystery towers going up all over Cincinnati area: Homeowners worry about possible health effects</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">John Matarese, WCPO (Cincinnati, OH), Sep 20, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://abc3340.com/news/nation-world/5g-technology-promises-to-be-faster-could-it-come-with-health-risks" target="_blank">5G could come with health risks, critics say</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sharyl Attkisson, WBFF (Baltimore, MD), Sep 15, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.krdo.com/news/top-stories/concern-opposition-grows-to-5g-in-colorado-springs/1114363006" target="_blank">Concern, opposition grows to 5G in Colorado Springs</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Scott Harrison, KRDO (Colorado Springs, CO), Aug 28, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://abc7news.com/society/los-altos-trying-to-keep-at-t-wireless-nodes-away-from-neighborhood/5390392/" target="_blank">Los Altos man leads effort to keep AT&T wireless nodes away from daughter's bedroom, neighborhood</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Amanda del Castillo, KGO (San Francisco, CA), Jul 11, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.weareiowa.com/news/local-news/protesters-in-wdsm-for-new-verizon-5g-installations/2075158429" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Protesters in WDSM for new Verizon 5G installations</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Adam Cron, KCWI (Des Moines, IA), Jun 14, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/contact7/denver-public-schools-faces-backlash-from-parents-about-placement-of-cell-towers-on-schools" target="_blank">Denver Public Schools faces backlash from parents about placement of cell towers on schools</a><br />Russell Haythorn, KMGH (Denver, CO), Jun 7, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wpbf.com/article/west-boca-tower-proposal-meets-resistance-at-zoning-meeting/27799689" target="_blank">West Boca tower proposal meets resistance at zoning meeting</a><br />Ron Burke, WPBF (Boca Raton, FL), Jun 7, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://wnyt.com/news/albany-residents-debate-safety-of-5g/5356550/" target="_blank">Albany residents debate safety of 5G</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WNYT (Albany, NY), May 17, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/protesters-rally-against-5g-in-san-diego" target="_blank">Protesters rally against 5G in San Diego</a><br />KGTV (San Diego, CA), May 15, 2019 </span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://wlos.com/news/local/local-group-rallies-in-asheville-as-part-of-national-protest-over-5g-technology" target="_blank">Local group rallies in Asheville as part of national protest over 5G technology</a><br />WLOS (Asheville, NC), May 15, 2019</span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.kdrv.com/content/news/Group-rallies-against-new-5G-technology-roll-out-510001741.html" target="_blank">Group rallies against 5G roll out</a><br />KDRV (Medford, OR), May 15, 2019</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/local/on-your-side-west-jacksonville-community-opposed-to-cell-phone-tower/77-c2c92a5d-a58f-48a5-89fd-b7816ad0f33b" style="color: #1155cc;">'On Your Side' West Jacksonville community opposed to cell phone tower</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Kenneth Amaro, WTLV (Jacksonville, FL), Mar 29, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/5g-speeds-national-city-seeks-public-input-for-small-cells-installation" target="_blank">5G speeds: National City seeks public input for Small Cells Installation</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Rina Nakano, KGTV (San Diego, CA), Mar 12, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://katu.com/news/local/5g-wireless-technology-comes-with-big-promises-but-the-city-of-portland-has-big-concerns" target="_blank">5G wireless technology comes with big promises, but city of Portland has big concerns</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Keaton Thomas, KATU (Portland, OR), Mar 11, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.wcpo.com/money/consumer/dont-waste-your-money/5g-fears-homeowners-worry-about-mini-towers-in-street" target="_blank">5G fears: Homeowners worry about mini towers in street</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">John Matarese, WCPO (Cincinnati, OH), Feb 8, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.kezi.com/content/news/Local-group-protests-5G-cell-tower-in-Eugene--504924111.html" target="_blank">Local group protests 5G cell tower in Eugene</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Madison Glassman, KEZI (Eugene, OR), Jan 26, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wisn.com/article/5g-fight-greendale-residents-don-t-want-cell-towers-in-their-yards/25748402" target="_blank">5G Fight: Greendale residents don't want cell towers in their yards</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Caroline Reinwald, WISN (Milwaukee, WI), Jan 4, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://abc11.com/health/some-duke-energy-customers-claim-smart-meters-are-making-them-sick/4383939/" target="_blank">Some Duke Energy customers claim smart meters are making them sick</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Tonya Simpson & Diane Wilson, WTVD (Raleigh, NC), Oct 1, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="https://wlos.com/news/local/news-13-investigates-the-health-effects-with-smart-utility-meters" target="_blank">The health effects with 'smart' utility meters</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Jennifer Emert, WLOS (Asheville, NC), Sep 27, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.kdrv.com/content/video/494050841.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Smart meter workshop met with protesters</span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KDRV (Medford, OR), Sep 22, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://abc7news.com/technology/some-san-mateo-residents-upset-over-planned-installation-of-verizon-antennas-on-utility-poles/4289165/" target="_blank">Some San Mateo residents upset over planned installation of Verizon antennas on utility poles</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Vic Lee, KGO (San Mateo, CA), Sep 20, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.kdrv.com/content/video/484221801.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Concerned Talent citizens say new smart meters are unhealthy</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KDRV (Medford, OR), May 31, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/verify/verify-do-diode-stickers-protect-you-from-cellphone-radiation/291-541940734" target="_blank">Verify: Do diode stickers protect you from cellphone radiation?</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WVEC (Norfolk, VA), Apr 18, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://wjla.com/features/7-on-your-side/are-mini-cell-phone-towers-a-health-risk-in-your-neighborhood" target="_blank">Are mini-cell phone towers a health risk in your neighborhood?</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">WJLA (Washington, DC), Apr 6, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.kait8.com/story/37869704/new-study-on-link-between-cancer-and-cell-phones" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">New study on link between cancer and cell phones</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Tiffany Neely, KAIT (Jonesboro, AR), Apr 3, 2018</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://abc11.com/technology/does-cell-phone-radiation-cause-cancer-scientists-gather-at-rtp-to-discuss/3274828/" target="_blank">Does cell phone radiation cause cancer? Scientists gather at RTP to discuss</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WTVD (Raleigh, NC), Mar 28, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.kesq.com/news/the-potential-health-risks-of-cell-phones-explained/702272330" target="_blank">The potential health risks of cell phones, explained</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sam Benson Smith & Zak Dalheimer, KESQ (Thousand Palms, CA), Feb 15, 2018</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/warnings-dangers-cellphones-51858301" target="_blank">New warning links cell phones to health risks</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Good Morning America / ABC Network News, Dec 18, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/health/ask-dr-nandi/ask-dr-nandi-california-sets-guidelines-to-limit-cell-phone-radiation-exposure" target="_blank">Ask Dr. Nandi: California sets guidelines to limit cell phone radiation exposure</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WXYZ-TV (Detroit, MI), Dec 18, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://abc7news.com/technology/hillsborough-homeowners-fight-proposed-cell-towers/2754726/http%3A%2F%2Fabc7news.com%2F2754726%2F" target="_blank">Hillsborough homeowners fight proposed cell towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Katie Marzullo, KGO (San Francisco, CA), Dec 9, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><a href="http://www.wisn.com/article/does-mobile-phone-use-lead-to-health-problems/9651258" target="_blank">Can mobile phone use lead to health problems?</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abigail Elise, WISN (Milwaukee, WI), May 14, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://abc7ny.com/technology/long-island-residents-outraged-by-cellphone-towers-in-front-of-homes/1981553/" target="_blank">Long Island Residents Outraged by Cellphone Towers in Front of Homes</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">N.J. Burkett, WABC (New York, NY), May 11, 2017 </span><br />
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<a href="http://wric.com/2017/03/20/cell-phones-and-cancer-is-there-a-connection/" target="_blank">Cell phones and cancer, is there a connection?</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kerri O'Brien, WRIC (Richmond, VA), Mar 20, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://abc7news.com/health/ca-health-dept-releases-report-saying-cellphone-use-may-cause-cancer/1783984/&source=gmail&ust=1488742878993000&usg=AFQjCNFqP7gVaiWlMWGywAA3OD9xUL2usQ" href="http://abc7news.com/health/ca-health-dept-releases-report-saying-cellphone-use-may-cause-cancer/1783984/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">CA Health Dept. Releases Report Saying Cellphone Use May Cause Cancer</a><br style="color: #222222;" /><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Lyanne Melendez, KGO (San Franciscom CA), Mar 3, 2017</span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://wjla.com/news/local/parents-fight-plan-to-put-cell-phone-tower-near-playground-at-va-elementary-school" target="_blank">Parents fight plan to put cell tower near playground at Virginia elementary school</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Richard Reeve, Jay Goldberg, WJLA (Washington, DC), Sep 28, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://abc7news.com/health/sj-residents-fight-cellphone-tower-proposal-over-radiation-concerns/1469153/" target="_blank">San Jose residents fight cellphone tower proposal over radiation concerns</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lisa Amin Gulezian, KGO (San Francisco, CA), Aug 13, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.10news.com/news/alpine-residents-outraged-over-sunrise-powerlink-emfs-and-possible-link-to-cancer-022316" target="_blank">Alpine residents outraged over EMF levels from Sunrise Powerlink</a><br />Ariel Wesler, KGTV (San Diego, CA), Feb 24, 2016</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.abc57.com/story/31149972/notre-dame-researchers-making-a-faster-and-safer-phone" target="_blank">Notre Dame researchers making a faster and safer phone</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Brandon Pope, WBND (South Bend, IN), Feb 5, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/1lgf7EJ" target="_blank">New concerns over kids and electronics</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Shannon Murray, KVUE (Austin, TX), Dec 3, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://abc7.com/news/parents-upset-over-possible-cell-tower-installation-near-weho-school/1105850/" target="_blank">Parents upset over cell tower possibly being installed near Weho school</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mayde Gomez, KABC (Los Angeles, CA), Dec 1, 2015</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.whas11.com/story/news/local/2015/10/28/city-leaders-neighbors-raise-concerns-cell-towers/74769266/" target="_blank">City leaders, neighbors raise concerns about cell towers</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kayla Moody, WHAS (Louisville, KY), Oct 28, 2015</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://abc7news.com/politics/cellphone-industry-sues-city-of-berkeley-over-radiation-warning/950227/" target="_blank">Cell phone industry sues city of Berkeley</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lyanne Melendez, KGO (San Francisco, CA), Aug 20, 2015</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.komonews.com/news/local/Alki-residents-protest-plan-for-cell-antennas-near-school-302933321.html" target="_blank">Alki Beach residents protest plan for cell antennas near school</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Theron Zahn, KOMO (Seattle, WA), May 7, 2015</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://7online.com/news/lake-ronkonkoma-residents-speak-out-against-proposed-cell-tower/685324/" target="_blank">Lake Ronkonkomo residents speak out against proposed cell tower in neighborhood</a><br />Kristin Thorne, WABC (New York, NY), Apr 29, 2015<br /><b><br /></b><a href="http://www.10news.com/news/workers-say-cell-tower-sites-putting-them-at-risk" target="_blank">Workers say cell tower sites putting them at risk</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Cristin Severance, KGTV (San Diego, CA), Mar 19, 2015 (updated Mar 24, 2015)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.wxyz.com/news/region/washtenaw-county/ann-arbor-family-has-power-shut-off-by-dte-in-dispute-over-installing-new-smart-meter-on-their-home" target="_blank">Ann Arbor family has power shut off by DTE in dispute over installing new SMART meter on their home</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dave LewAllen, WXYZ (Detroit, MI), Mar 18, 2015</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.wzzm13.com/story/news/politics/2014/12/02/smart-meters-slammed-at-house-committee-hearing/19810977/" target="_blank">Smart meters' slammed at House committee hearing</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WZZM (Lansing, MI), Dec 2, 2014</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.wftv.com/news/news/local/man-claims-oucs-smart-meter-made-him-sick-files-fe/njKZc/" target="_blank">Man claims OUC's smart meter made him sick, files federal lawsuit</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WFTV (Orlando, FL), Dec 2, 2014</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.ksat.com/content/pns/ksat/news/2014/09/22/alamo-heights-residents-voice-their-concerns-over-smart-rea.html" target="_blank">Alamo Heights residents voice concerns over smart readers</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KSAT (San Antonio), Sep 22, 2014 (updated Sep 23, 2014</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://abcnews.go.com/Health/reasons-sleep-phone-bed/story?id=24839804" target="_blank">3 Reasons Not to Sleep With Your Phone in the Bed</a><br />Camille Chatterjee, ABC News, Aug 5, 2014<br /><br /><a href="http://www.wcvb.com/health/city-pushes-for-cancer-warning-stickers-on-cell-phones/26961264" target="_blank">City pushes for cancer warning stickers on cell phones</a><br />WCVB (Boston), Jul 15, 2014<br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><br /></span><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/video/berkeley-city-council-proposes-ordinance-001633375.html" target="_blank">Berkeley City Council proposes ordinance to get warning labels on cellphones</a><br />Tiffany Wilson, KGO (San Francisco), Jul 15, 2014</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Fox News</b></span><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="https://foxcharleston.com/emf-emr-invisible-electromagnetic-radiation-lurking-in-most-of-our-homes/" target="_blank">EMF & EMR – Invisible Electromagnetic Radiation Lurking in Most of Our Homes</a></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Fox 24 (Charleston, SC), Oct 6, 2023<br /><br /><a href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/detroit-area-superintendent-resigns-5g-antenna-protests" target="_blank">Detroit-area superintendent resigns over 5G antenna protests</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Fox News Channel (Associated Press), Apr 6, 2023</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span><a href="https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/director-of-scientific-nonprofit-calls-for-law-changes-amid-controversy-over-5g-tower-on-wyandotte-school" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Director of scientific nonprofit calls for law changes amid controversy over 5G tower on Wyandotte school</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Brandon Hudson & Amber Ainsworth, Fox 2 Detroit (Detroit, MI), Apr 5, 2023<br /><br /><a href="https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/scientist-says-t-mobile-cell-equipment-on-top-of-wyandotte-school-is-a-health-danger" target="_blank">Scientist says T-Mobile cell equipment on top of Wyandotte school is a health danger</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Brandon Hudson & David Komer, Fox 2 Detroit (Detroit, MI), Mar 24, 2023<br /><br /><a href="https://www.fox5dc.com/news/residents-protest-cell-towers-in-montgomery-county" target="_blank">Residents protest cell towers in Montgomery County</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Sierra Fox, Fox 5 DC (Washington, DC), Oct 11, 2022</span></div><div><span><br /><a href="https://www.foxla.com/video/952841" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Cell phones and cancer: New UC Berkeley study suggests cell phones sharply increase tumor risk</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Marla Tellez, KTTV (Los Angeles, CA), July 7, 2021</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="https://www.ktvu.com/video/953248" target="_blank">Hold your cell phone away from your body: Research links cell phones to tumors</a><br />André Senior, KTVU (Oakland, CA), July 8, 2021 </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /><a href="https://www.ktvu.com/news/5g-cell-equipment-installed-feet-from-homes-in-san-jose" target="_blank">San Jose neighbors oppose 5G cell equipment installed feet from homes</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Brooks Jarosz, KTVU (Oakland, CA), Apr 21, 2021<a href="https://www.ktvu.com/news/5g-cell-equipment-installed-feet-from-homes-in-san-jose" target="_blank"><br /></a><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://fox59.com/news/politics/hoosiers-fight-against-5g-towers-near-homes/" target="_blank">Hoosiers fight against 5G towers near homes</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kayla Sullivan, WXIN (Indianapolis, IN), Dec 28, 2020</span></div><div><span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/kent/5g-internet-antennas-being-installed-in-east-gr-not-everyone-happy-about-it" target="_blank">5G internet antennas being installed in East GR, not everyone happy about it</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Michael Martin, WXMI (East Grand Rapids, MI), Aug 31, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://okcfox.com/news/local/edmond-group-to-voice-concerns-about-5g-towers" target="_blank">Edmond group to voice concerns about 5G towers</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KOKH (Oklahoma City, OK), Feb 25, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://okcfox.com/news/local/group-plans-to-share-5g-tower-concerns-with-edmond-city-council" target="_blank">Group plans to share 5G tower concerns with Edmond city council</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">William Maetzold, KOKH (Oklahoma City, OK), Feb 19, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.fox8live.com/2020/01/23/tech-companies-begin-installing-g-poles-new-orleans/" target="_blank">Tech companies begin installing 5G poles in New Orleans</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Rilwan Balogun, WVUE (New Orleans, LA), Jan 23, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.fox13memphis.com/news/local/parents-concerned-over-potential-cell-tower-local-elementary/VVHLO2T4TFENTP5HLOF3YYMO54/" target="_blank">Parents concerned over potential cell tower at local elementary</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jeremy Pierre, WHBQ (Memphis, TN), Jan 14, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.boston25news.com/news/verizon-launches-5g-service-in-boston-but-what-are-the-potential-drawbacks-/1010361031" target="_blank">Verizon launches 5G service in Boston, but what are the potential drawbacks?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jim Morelli, WFXT (Boston, MA), Nov 19, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://fox5sandiego.com/2019/10/22/la-mesa-residents-raise-concerns-over-5g-towers/" target="_blank">La Mesa residents raise concerns over 5G towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Justina Myers, KFWB (San Diego, CA), Oct 22, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.fox35orlando.com/news/local-news/5g-warning-posters-placed-around-downtown-orlando" target="_blank">5G warning posters placed around Downtown Orlando</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Matthew Trezza, WOFL (Orlando, FL), Jun 14, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.foxnews.com/tech/san-francisco-is-resisting-5g-calling-it-ugly-and-dangerous" style="background-color: white;">San Francisco is resisting 5G, calling it 'ugly' and 'dangerous'</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Brooke Crothers, Fox News network, Jun 1, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://fox26medford.com/locals-plan-rally-against-5g-rollout/#" style="background-color: transparent;" target="_blank">Locals plan rally against 5G rollout</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KMVU (Medford, OR), May 15, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.fox13memphis.com/top-stories/parents-upset-about-possible-cell-tower-near-germantown-elementary-school/931789652" target="_blank">Parents upset about possible cell tower near Germantown elementary school</a><br />Jacque Masse, WHBQ (Memphis, TN), Mar 18, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://video.foxnews.com/v/6013704835001/" target="_blank">Are Apple AirPods putting you at risk for cancer?</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Dr. Marc Siegel, Tucker Carlson Tonight / Fox News Network, Mar 13, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://fox2now.com/2019/03/08/stl-moms-kids-cellphone-safety/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">STL Moms: Kids cellphone safety</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KTVI, (St. Louis, Mo), Mar 8, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wicz.com/story/38346654/town-of-union-residents-devastated-over-possibility-of-cell-tower-in-neighborhood" target="_blank">Town of Union Residents "Devastated" Over Possibility of Cell Tower in Neighborhood</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Amanda Pitts, WICZ (Binghamton, NY), Jun 4, 2018</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://kdvr.com/2018/04/23/parents-worry-cell-phone-tower-could-expose-children-to-radiation/" target="_blank">Parents worry cellphone tower could expose children to radiation</a><br />Keagan Harsha, KDVR (Denver, CO), Apr 23, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.fox5dc.com/news/local-news/montgomery-county-residents-fighting-rezoning-to-allow-new-5g-cell-towers" target="_blank">Montgomery County residents fighting rezoning to allow new 5G cell towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WTTG (Washington, D.C.), April 4, 2018</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://foxbaltimore.com/news/cover-story/could-your-cell-phone-be-endangering-your-health" target="_blank"><br /></a></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://foxbaltimore.com/news/cover-story/could-your-cell-phone-be-endangering-your-health" target="_blank">Could your cell phone be endangering your health?</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jeff Abell, WBFF (Baltimore, MD), Feb 20, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://vimeo.com/248251877" target="_blank">Opposition to cell towers in Hillsborough</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tom Vacar, KTVU (Oakland, CA), Dec 19, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="http://fox8.com/2017/12/18/health-officials-warn-sleeping-near-cell-phone-could-cause-cancer-and-infertility/" target="_blank">Health officials warn sleeping near cell phone could cause cancer and infertility</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Darren Sweeney, WJW (Cleveland, OH), Dec 18, 2017</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.fox2detroit.com/news/local-news/family-chooses-to-live-with-no-power-rather-than-a-dte-smart-meter" target="_blank">Family chooses to live with no power rather than a DTE Smart Meter</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Hilary Golston, WJBK (Detroit, MI), Nov 9, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.fox25boston.com/news/ashland-residents-meet-to-discuss-potential-health-risks-of-wireless-radiation/536546965" target="_blank">Ashland residents meet to discuss potential health risks of wireless radiation</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ted Daniel, WFXT (Boston, MA), Jun 20, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://fox40.com/2017/06/19/parents-of-cancer-survivors-still-waiting-for-school-districts-response-regarding-cell-phone-tower/" target="_blank">Parents of Cancer Survivors Still Waiting for School District’s Response Regarding Cell Phone Tower</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Eric Rucker, KTXL (Sacramento, CA), Jun 19, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="http://fox40.com/2017/05/31/after-2-ripon-children-diagnosed-with-cancer-kids-and-parents-protest-cell-tower-on-school-grounds/" target="_blank">After 2 Ripon Children Diagnosed with Cancer, Kids and Parents Protest Cell Tower on School Grounds</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Kay Recede, KTXL (Sacramento, CA), May 31, 2017</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wbrc.com/story/30587054/more-than-400-mtemc-customers-reject-companys-request-to-install-smart-meters" target="_blank">More than 400 MTEMC customers reject company’s request to install smart meters</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jeremy Finley, WBRC (Birmingham, AL), May 23, 2016</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/arizona-news/95054197-story" target="_blank">Controversy surrounding EMF exposure: Do wireless devices pose dangers?</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Danielle Miller, KSAZ (Phoenix, AZ), Feb 22, 2016</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1W7FSC4gsw" target="_blank">Cell phones and fertility</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dr. Devi Nampiaparampil, WNYW (New York City, NY), Feb 21, 2016</span><br />
<a href="http://www.fox5dc.com/news/92316020-story" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><br /></span></a>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.fox5dc.com/news/92316020-story" target="_blank">Health concerns over Wi-Fi technology exposures in schools</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Laura Evans, WTTG (Washington, DC), Feb 15, 2016</span><br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4uImCYlUo0" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4uImCYlUo0" target="_blank">Cell Phone Dangers?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Stacey Delikat, WNYW (New York City, NY), Jan 16, 2016</span><br />
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<a href="http://myfox8.com/2015/12/08/high-point-neighbors-speak-out-against-cell-tower-project/" target="_blank">High Point neighbors speak out against cell tower project</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jasmine Spencer, WGHP (High Point, NC), Dec 8, 2015</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.wbrc.com/story/30587054/more-than-400-mtemc-customers-reject-companys-request-to-install-smart-meters" target="_blank">More than 400 MTEMC customers reject company’s request to install smart meters</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jeremy Finley, WBRC (Franklin, TN), Nov 23, 2015</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wflx.com/story/30454220/pediatricians-express-concern-over-growing-cellphone-use-radiation-exposure-for-children" target="_blank">Pediatricians express concern over growing cellphone use, radiation exposure for children</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WFLX (West Palm Beach, FL), Nov 6, 2015</span></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.foxcarolina.com/story/30458283/scientists-effects-of-radiation-in-kids-from-cell-phones-is-cause-for-concern" target="_blank">Scientists: Effects of cell phone radiation on kids is cause for concern</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Ashley Daley, Fox Carolina News (Greenville, SC), Nov 6, 2015</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.kptv.com/story/29239896/mount-tabor-neighbors-fight-cell-phone-tower-proposal" target="_blank">Mount Tabor neighbors fight cell phone tower proposal</a><br />KPTV (Beaverton, OR), Jun 4, 2015 (updated Jul 2, 2015)<br /><br /><a href="http://wn.ktvu.com/story/29049551/cell-phone-ordiance" target="_blank">Berkeley passes cell phone safety ordinance</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Amber Lee, KTVU (Oakland, CA), May 12, 2015<br /><br /><a href="http://video.foxnews.com/v/4026024921001/how-to-spot-potential-radiation-hiding-in-your-home/?playlist_id=2647851223001#sp=show-clips" target="_blank">How to spot potential radiation hiding in your home</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Fox News (national), Feb 1, 2015</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2014/10/20/experts-why-wearable-tech-could-pose-health-risks/" target="_blank">Experts: Why wearable tech could pose health risks</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Brooke Crothers, Fox News (national), Oct 20, 2014</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>CNN</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/02/health/cell-phone-radiation-cancer-nih-study-bn/index.html" target="_blank">Cell phone radiation study finds more questions than answers</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jacqueline Howard, CNN, Feb 7, 2018</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Electrosensitivity, Vital Signs with Dr. Sanjay Gupta, Oct 24, 2017 (also CNN International)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Part 1: <a href="http://cnn.it/2floP7A" target="_blank">Welcome to the National Quiet Zone</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Part 2</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #20124d; font-size: small;">: <a href="http://cnn.it/2yBjBgB" target="_blank">Wireless Exposure</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Part 3</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #20124d; font-size: small;">: <a href="http://cnn.it/2wgekcD" target="_blank">Living in the National Quiet Zone</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/27/health/cell-phone-radiation-cancer-study/index.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cell phone radiation increases cancers in rats, but should we worry?</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Carina Storrs, CNN, May 27, 2016</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://cnn.it/1SJpIVP" target="_blank">Half of teens think they're addicted to their smartphones</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kelly Wallace, CNN, May 3, 2016</span><br />
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<b>Other TV News</b></span><br /><br /></div><div><a href="#">C</a><a href="https://newjersey.news12.com/carmel-residents-win-legal-battle-against-cellphone-tower-construction" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">armel (NJ) residents win legal battle against cellphone tower construction</a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Staff, News 12 (Edison, NJ), Jul 25, 2022</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.kold.com/2021/06/11/5g-battle-midtown-residents-hold-block-parties-rallies-bake-sales-stop-towers-going-up/" target="_blank">5G Battle: midtown residents host block parties, rallies and bake sales to stop towers from going up</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Hanna Tiede, KOLD (Tucson, AZ), Jun 21, 2021</span></div><div><br /><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://spectrumnews1.com/ma/worcester/news/2021/05/13/pittfield-cell-tower-update#" target="_blank">Neighborhood residents say Pittsfield cell tower causing health concerns</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Matt Ristaino, Spectrum News 1 (Worcester, MA), May 13, 2021</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: white; font-size: 0px;">Neighborhood residents say Pittsfield cell tower causing health concerns</div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: white; font-size: 0px;">Neighborhood residents say Pittsfield cell tower causing health concerns</div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: white; font-size: 0px;">Neighborhood residents say Pittsfield cell tower causing health concerns</div></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://ktla.com/news/local-news/couple-fights-to-prevent-installation-of-cell-tower-outside-their-long-beach-home/" target="_blank">Couple fights to prevent installation of cell tower outside their Long Beach home</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kacey Montoya, KTLA (Los Angeles, CA), May 8, 2021<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.khon2.com/local-news/north-shore-residents-raise-concerns-about-proposed-military-missile-radar/" target="_blank">North Shore residents raise concerns about proposed military missile radar</a> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Nicky Schenfeld, KHON (Kahuku, HI), Apr 10, 2021</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/local/2021/01/21/some-residents-of-jacksonville-townhomes-concerned-over-5g-tower/" target="_blank">Some residents of Jacksonville townhomes concerned over 5G tower</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Corley Peel, WJXT (Jacksonville, FL), Jan 21, 2021</span></div><div><span><br /></span></div><div><span><a href="http://westchester.news12.com/mahopac-residents-concerned-with-proposed-cellphone-tower-project-42498091" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Mahopac residents concerned with proposed cellphone tower project</a><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">News 12 (Westchester, NY), Aug 12, 2020</span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://westchester.news12.com/story/42385721/white-plains-residents-make-petition-against-5g-antennas-near-homes-schools" target="_blank">White Plains residents make petition against 5G antennas near homes, schools</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">News 12 (Westchester, NY), Jul 19, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.localdvm.com/news/i-270/activists-protest-against-5g-towers/2004392639" target="_blank">Activists protest against 5G towers</a><br />WDVM (Hagerstown, MD), May 15, 2019</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.wmcactionnews5.com/2019/03/19/germantown-residents-protest-cell-phone-tower-installation-near-elementary-school/" target="_blank">Germantown residents protest cell phone tower installation near elementary school</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WMC (Memphis, TN), Mar 18, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wishtv.com/indy-style/cell-phone-safety-for-kids/1827845963" target="_blank">Cell Phone Safety for Kids</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tonya Harris, WISH (Indianapolis, IN), Mar 5, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.khou.com/article/tech/is-5g-technology-dangerous/285-02639e5c-7435-4849-849f-0ff2ecc2a284" target="_blank">Is 5G Technology Dangerous?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Stephanie Whitfield, KHOU (Houston, TX), Feb 11, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ksnt.com/news/local-news/local-neighborhood-concerned-for-possible-at-t-tower/1751690524" target="_blank">Local Neighborhood Concerned for Possible AT&T Tower</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dan Garrett, KSNT (Topeka, KS), Feb 4, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.ctn.state.ct.us/ctnplayer.asp?odID=15794" target="_blank">U.S. Sen. Blumenthal briefing on concerns with possible health risks posed by 5G wireless technology</a><br />
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<span data-offset-key="bt48s-0-0"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-family: arial;">Congressional news briefing, Connecticut Network (Hartford, CT), Dec 3, 2018</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wtnh.com/news/politics/senator-blumenthal-pushing-to-investigate-link-between-5g-wireless-tech-and-cancer/1635768876" target="_blank">Senator Blumenthal pushes to investigate link between 5G wireless tech and cancer</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Hector Ramirez, WTNH (New Haven, CT), Dec 3, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.ky3.com/content/news/Controversy-in-Ozark-over-where-cell-phone-tower-will-be-built-500721881.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Controversy in Ozark over where a cell phone tower will be built</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Brandon Berg, KY3 (Springfield, MO), Nov 16, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.winknews.com/2018/11/07/5g-wireless-will-provide-faster-cellular-service-but-how-safe-is-it/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G wireless will provide faster cellular service. But how safe is it?</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Sara Girard, WINK (Fort Myers, FL), Nov 7, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.localdvm.com/news/i-270/debate-continues-over-5g-wireless-towers-placed-in-residential-areas/1475852223" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Debate continues over 5G wireless towers placed in residential areas</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Shennikia Grimshaw, WDVM (Montgomery County, MD), Sep 25, 2018</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://brooklyn.news12.com/story/39161878/concern-grows-over-cellphone-towers-on-crown-heights-building" target="_blank">Concern grows over cellphone towers on Crown Heights building</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">News 12 Brooklyn (Brooklyn, NY), Sep 24, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/some-danville-residents-express-radiation-concerns-over-building-of-small-cell-towers/1127966529" target="_blank">Some Danville residents express radiation concerns over building of small cell towers</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Gabe Slate, KRON, (San Francisco, CA), Apr 17, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://longisland.news12.com/story/36637952/homeowners-file-lawsuit-over-potential-wireless-transmitter-health-risks" target="_blank">Homeowners file lawsuit over potential wireless transmitter health risks</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Shari Einhorn, News 12 Long Island, NY, Oct 19, 2017</span></div>
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<a href="http://wgntv.com/2017/06/05/electromagnetic-sensitivity/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Allergic to Wi-Fi: Woman helps locals suffering from electromagnetic radiation sensitivity</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">WGN (Chicago, IL), Jun 6, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://wqad.com/2017/06/06/allergic-to-wifi-whether-psychological-or-physical-you-can-get-help/" target="_blank">WQAD</a> (Moline, IL), Jun 6, 2017</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HUIOvE_XAk" target="_blank">Can Wireless Technology Make You Sick?</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Azia Celestino, Channel One News, May 18, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzZXVGp-g3Y" target="_blank">Cell Phone Radiation Warning Law Causes Controversy</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Azia Celestino, Channel One News, May 17, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://wgntv.com/2017/05/15/wi-fi-free-town/" target="_blank">No Wi-Fi or cellphones allowed in the ‘Quietest Town in America’</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Julie Unruh, WGN (Chicago, IL), May 15, 2017</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wm69ik_Qdb8&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank">The secret inside your cellphone</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CBC Marketplace, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Mar 24, 2017</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUZMs4dXblg" target="_blank">Berkeley's Cellphone Crusade</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The National, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Mar 23, 2017</span><br />
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<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://kron4.com/2017/03/03/video-california-department-of-public-health-releases-draft-of-document-warning-against-cellphone-radiation/&source=gmail&ust=1488742878993000&usg=AFQjCNE-va1OhdMiQ0qn4HXnhEdpCEH_NA" href="http://kron4.com/2017/03/03/video-california-department-of-public-health-releases-draft-of-document-warning-against-cellphone-radiation/" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">California Department of Public Health releases draft of document warning against cellphone radiation</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Gabe Slate, KRON (San Francisco, CA), Mar 3, 2017</span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="http://www.your4state.com/news/i-270/smart-meter-opt-out-fees-could-be-nixed-in-legislative-session/648915163" target="_blank">Smart meter opt out fees could be nixed in legislative session</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Emily Ikeda, WHAG (Montgomery County, MD), Feb 2, 2017</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://komonews.com/news/local/latest-poll-shows-clinton-inslee-with-strong-leads-in-wash-state" target="_blank">City Light takes feedback on opt-out for smart meters</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moreno, KOMO (Seattle, WA), Aug 12, 2016</span><br />
<br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.wilx.com/home/headlines/SPECIAL-REPORT-The-facts-about-smart-meters-368469751.html" target="_blank">Special Report: The facts about smart meters</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joy Wang, WILX (Lansing, MI), Feb 12, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.sandiego6.com/news/local/Very-easy-changes-could-limit-your-exposure-to-cell-phone-radiation-342211971.html" target="_blank">Very easy changes could limit your exposure to cell phone radiation</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jenny Day, San Diego 6 News, Nov 6, 2015</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<a href="http://www.kxii.com/home/headlines/Cell-phones-believed-to-cause-serious-sleep-problems-264708571.html" target="_blank">Cell phones believed to cause sleep problems</a></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">KXII (Denison, TX), Jun 26, 2014</span></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div>Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-38398682487482764612024-03-04T15:00:00.000-08:002024-03-04T16:06:34.368-08:00Recent Research on Wireless Radiation and Electromagnetic Fields
<div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;">I have been circulating abstracts of newly-published scientific papers on radio frequency and other non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) monthly since 2016. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The complete collection contains more than 2000 abstracts with links to these papers. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Several hundred EMF scientists around the world receive these updates.</span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail_quote" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><b>To download Volume 3 which </b><b>contains abstracts of papers published in 2024 </b></span></span><b style="font-family: arial;">(including the new papers listed below) </b><b style="font-family: arial;">click on the following link </b><span style="font-family: arial;">(45 page pdf)</span><b style="font-family: arial;">:</b></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://bit.ly/EMFstudies03-2024" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/EMFstudies03-2024</a></b></div></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><b>To download Volume 2 which </b><b>contains abstracts of papers published from 2021 through 2023 </b></span></span><b style="font-family: arial;">click on the following link </b><span style="font-family: arial;">(867 page pdf)</span><b style="font-family: arial;">:</b></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://bit.ly/EMFStudies-2021-2023" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/EMFStudies-2021-2023</a></b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>To download Volume 1 which contains abstracts of papers published </b><b>from 2016 through 2020 </b></span><b style="font-family: arial;">click on the following link </b><span style="font-family: arial;">(875 page pdf)</span><b style="font-family: arial;">:</b></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://bit.ly/EMFStudies-2016-2020">https://bit.ly/EMFStudies-2016-2020</a></b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">The abstracts for recently published papers appear below.</span></b></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail_quote"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">
<div style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 0in 1pt;">
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic
fields exposure on tinnitus, migraine and non-specific symptoms in the general
and working population: A systematic review and meta-analysis on human observational
studies</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">My
note: Numerous problems have been identified with this paper and other
systematic reviews commissioned by the WHO for an upcoming monograph on radio
frequency effects.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Röösli
M, Dongus S, Jalilian H, Eyers J, Esu E, Oringanje CM, Meremikwu M,
Bosch-Capblanch X. The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
exposure on tinnitus, migraine and non-specific symptoms in the general and
working population: A systematic review and meta-analysis on human
observational studies. Environ Int. 2024 Jan;183:108338. doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2023.108338.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract<br />
<br />
Background: Applications emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
(RF-EMF; 100 kHz to 300 GHz) are widely used for communication (e.g. mobile
phones), in medicine (diathermy) and in industry (RF heaters).<br />
<br />
Objectives: The objective is to systematically review the effects of
longer-term or repeated local and whole human body radiofrequency
electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on the occurrence of symptoms. Primary
hypotheses were tinnitus, migraine and headaches in relation to RF-EMF exposure
of the brain, sleep disturbances and composite symptom scores in relation to
whole-body RF-EMF exposure.<br />
<br />
Methods: Eligibility criteria: We included case-control and prospective cohort
studies in the general population or workers estimating local or whole-body
RF-EMF exposure for at least one week.<br />
<br />
Information sources: We conducted a systematic literature search in various
databases including Web of Science and Medline. Risk of bias: We used the Risk
of Bias (RoB) tool developed by OHAT adapted to the topic of this review.<br />
<br />
Synthesis of results: We synthesized studies using random effects
meta-analysis.<br />
<br />
Results: Included studies: We included 13 papers from eight distinct cohort and
one case-control studies with a total of 486,558 participants conducted
exclusively in Europe. Tinnitus is addressed in three papers, migraine in one,
headaches in six, sleep disturbances in five, and composite symptom scores in
five papers. Only one study addressed occupational exposure.<br />
<br />
Synthesis of results: For all five priority hypotheses, available research
suggests that RF-EMF exposure below guideline values does not cause symptoms,
but the evidence is very uncertain. The very low certainty evidence is due the
low number of studies, possible risk of bias in some studies, inconsistencies,
indirectness, and imprecision. In terms of non-priority hypotheses numerous
exposure-outcome combinations were addressed in the 13 eligible papers without
indication for an association related to a specific symptom or exposure source.<br />
<br />
Discussion: Limitations of evidence: This review topic includes various
challenges related to confounding control and exposure assessment. Many of
these aspects are inherently present and not easy to be solved in future
research. Since near-field exposure from wireless communication devices is
related to lifestyle, a particular challenge is to differentiate between
potential biophysical effects and other potential effects from extensive use of
wireless communication devices that may compete with healthy behaviour such as
sleeping or physical activity. Future research needs novel and innovative
methods to differentiate between these two hypothetical mechanisms.<br />
<br />
Interpretation: This is currently the best available evidence to underpin
safety of RF-EMF. There is no indication that RF-EMF below guideline values
causes symptoms. However, inherent limitations of the research results in
substantial uncertainty.<br />
<br />
Other: Funding: This review was partially funded by the WHO radioprotection
programme.<br />
<br />
Registration: The protocol for this review has been registered in Prospero (reg
no CRD42021239432) and published in Environment International (Röösli et al.,
2021).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Declaration
of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing
financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to
influence the work reported in this paper. Martin Röösli’s research is entirely
funded by public or not-for-profit foundations. He has served as advisor to a
number of national and international public advisory and research steering
groups concerning the potential health effects of exposure to nonionizing
radiation, including the World Health Organization, the International Agency
for Research on Cancer, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Protection, the Swiss Government (member of the working group "mobile
phone and radiation" and chair of the expert group BERENIS), the German
Radiation Protection Commission (member of the committee Non-ionizing Radiation
(A6) and member of the working group 5G (A630)) and the Independent Expert
Group of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="http://goog_2027796631" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></a><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023006116?via%3Dihub" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023006116?via%3Dihub</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field
(RF-EMF) exposure on male fertility: A systematic review of experimental
studies on non-human mammals and human sperm in vitro </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">My
note: Numerous problems have been identified with this paper and other systematic
reviews commissioned by the WHO for an upcoming monograph on radio frequency
effects. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Cordelli
E, Ardoino L, Benassi B, Consales C, Eleuteri P, Marino C, Sciortino M, Villani
P, Brinkworth MH, Chen G, McNamee JP, Wood AW, Belackova L, Verbeek J, Pacchierotti
F. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on male
fertility: A systematic review of experimental studies on non-human mammals and
human sperm in vitro. Environment International. 2024, doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2024.108509. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024000953" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024000953</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
Highlights<br />
<br />
Risk of bias, inconsistency, publication bias weakened the certainty of results<br />
RF-EMF is unlike to decrease the fecundity of exposed male rodents.<br />
RF-EMF may affect testicular tissue and sperm quality but the evidence is
uncertain.<br />
Impact on surrogate markers of fertility may not translate into functional
effects.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Background
The World Health Organization is coordinating an international project aimed at
systematically reviewing the evidence regarding the association between
radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure and adverse health effects.
Reproductive health outcomes have been identified among the priority topics to
be addressed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Objectives
To evaluate the effect of RF-EMF exposure on male fertility of experimental
mammals and on human sperm exposed in vitro.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Methods
Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and EMF Portal) were last searched
on September 17, 2022. Two independent reviewers screened the studies, which
were considered eligible if met the following criteria: 1) Peer-reviewed
publications of sham controlled experimental studies, 2) Non-human male mammals
exposed at any stage of development or human sperm exposed in vitro, 3) RF-EMF
exposure within the frequency range of 100 kHz-300 GHz, including
electromagnetic pulses (EMP), 4) one of the following indicators of reproductive
system impairment:•decrease of fertility: rate of infertile males, rate of
nonpregnant females, litter size and in vitro fertilization rate;•effects on
semen quality: in animal studies sperm count, in both animal and in vitro
studies sperm vitality, morphology and DNA/chromatin alterations;•reproductive
organ toxicity: testis-epididymis weight, testis or epididymis histology,
testis histomorphometry, testicular cell death, estimated testicular cell
production;•hormonal effects: testosterone level.Two reviewers extracted study
characteristics and outcome data. We assessed risk of bias (RoB) using the
Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) guidelines. We categorized
studies into 3 levels of overall RoB: low, some or high concern. We pooled
study results in a random effects meta-analysis comparing average exposure to
no-exposure and in a dose–response meta-analysis using all exposure doses. For
experimental animal studies, we conducted subgroup analyses for species,
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and temperature increase. We grouped studies on
human sperm exposed in vitro by the fertility status of sample donors and SAR.
We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach after
excluding studies that were rated as “high concern” for RoB.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Results
One-hundred and seventeen papers on animal studies and 10 papers on human sperm
exposed in vitro were included in this review. Only few studies were rated as
“low concern” because most studies were at RoB for exposure and/or outcome assessment.
Subgrouping the experimental animal studies by species, SAR, and temperature
increase partly accounted for the heterogeneity of individual studies in about
one third of the meta-analyses. In no case was it possible to conduct a
subgroup analysis of the few human sperm in vitro studies because there were
always 1 or more groups including less than 3 studies. Among all the considered
endpoints, the meta-analyses of animal studies provided evidence of adverse
effects of RF-EMF exposure in all cases but the rate of infertile males and the
size of the sired litters. The assessment of certainty according to the GRADE
methodology assigned a moderate certainty to the reduction of pregnancy rate
and to the evidence of no-effect on litter size, a low certainty to the
reduction of sperm count, and a very low certainty to all the other
meta-analysis results. Studies on human sperm exposed in vitro indicated a
small detrimental effect of RF-EMF exposure on vitality and no-effect on
DNA/chromatin alterations. According to GRADE, a very low certainty was
attributed to these results. The few studies that used EMP exposure did not
show effects on the outcomes. A low to very low certainty was attributed to
these results.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Discussion
Many of the studies examined suffered of severe limitations that led to the
attribution of uncertainty to the results of the meta-analyses and did not
allow to draw firm conclusions on most of the endpoints. Nevertheless, the
associations between RF-EMF exposure and decrease of pregnancy rate and sperm
count, to which moderate and low certainty were attributed, are not negligible,
also in view of the indications that in Western countries human male fertility
potential seems to be progressively declining. It was beyond the scope of our
systematic review to determine the shape of the dose–response relationship or
to identify a minimum effective exposure level. The subgroup and the
dose–response fitting analyses did not show a consistent relationship between
the exposure levels and the observed effects. Notably, most studies evaluated
RF-EMF exposure levels that were higher than the levels to which human
populations are typically exposed, and the limits set in international
guidelines. For these reasons we cannot provide suggestions to confirm or
reconsider current human exposure limits. Considering the outcomes of this
systematic review and taking into account the limitations found in several of
the studies, we suggest that further investigations with better
characterization of exposure and dosimetry including several exposure levels
and blinded outcome assessment were conducted. Protocol registration: Protocols
for the systematic reviews of animal studies and of human sperm in vitro
studies were published in Pacchierotti et al., 2021. The former was also
registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021227729 </span><a href="https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> = 227729)
and the latter in Open Science Framework (OSF Registration DOI </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7MUS3" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7MUS3</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Excerpts</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4.4.
Implications for policy and research</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In conclusion, our systematic review and <i>meta</i>-analyses
indicate a possible detrimental effect of RF-EMF exposure on pregnancy rate and
sperm count in experimental mammals, whereas the <i>meta</i>-analysis of data
on litter size was consistent with null.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Although sperm count is not a
functional indicator of male fertility, it is a well-standardised analysis
routinely applied in clinical andrology. RF-EMF emitting devices are widely
applied and epidemiological surveys seem to indicate that, in Western
countries, male fertility potential is declining (Auger et al., 2022,
Boulicault et al., 2022, Levine et al., 2017). For these reasons the results of
our meta-analyses should not be overlooked at a policy level.<br />
<br />
It was beyond the scope of our systematic review to determine the shape of the
dose–response relationship or to identify a minimum effective exposure level.
For these reasons, we cannot provide suggestions to confirm or reconsider
current human exposure limits. Nevertheless, it is of note that most studies on
male fertility, semen quality and reproductive organ toxicity investigated
exposure levels which were rather high with respect to those relevant for human
populations: 75–80 % tested exposure levels above 0.4 W/kg (ICNIRP basic
restriction for workers) and 46–53 % tested exposure levels above 4 W/kg (ICNIRP
health effect level) (ICNIRP, 2020). Thus, it is not known the extent to which
the conclusions of the SR meta-analysis can be applied to human exposure
levels. Similarly, it is unknown how much our conclusion can be extrapolated to
frequencies below 100 MHz and above 10000 MHz, for which only very few studies
were retrieved.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">During the systematic review, we identified
several methodological limitations in the studies that should be overcome to
improve the quality of future research. In particular, blinding during
experiment performance and outcome assessment should always be applied to
minimize bias, an adequate number of cytological or histological preparations
should be analysed, automated methods of analysis should be applied whenever
possible, a more standardized and complete reporting of technical methods and
results should be adopted. Many studies had to be excluded from the systematic
review because of insufficient exposure characterization and a large proportion
of included studies were rated at either ‘some’ or ‘high concern’ for RoB for
similar reasons. We would recommend that future studies bear the reasons for
exclusion or RoB concerns in mind in study design and implementation. There are
several papers in the research literature with recommendations on how exposure
characterisation concerns can be mitigated, for example </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024000953#b0385" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Kuster and Schonborn (2000)</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.
Finally, studies investigating not just a single level but several exposure
levels, spanning from low levels comparable to human exposure to higher levels
where mild hyperthermic effects could be expected, should be conducted under
the same experimental conditions and target tissue temperature monitoring
should be employed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">As a final suggestion for future research, we
consider it a priority to obtain a scientifically solid database of possible
RF-EMF effects on the best predictive surrogate markers of male infertility in
experimental rodents. Based on the results of this research, the possibility of
testing directly the RF-EMF impact on male reproductive performance could be
considered. In view of the limitations of the approach applying <i>in vitro</i>
exposure of human sperm, we do not recommend further studies of this kind.
Conversely, we suggest exploiting semen quality analysis in human biomonitoring
investigations of RF-EMF exposed populations....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Other
reviews assessing the impact of RF-EMF exposure on male fertility have recently
been published, but these only partially assessed the available literature data
(Kesari et al., 2018, Sciorio et al., 2022, Sterling et al., 2022, Vornoli et
al., 2019). The few recently published systematic reviews on this topic suffered
from some methodological limitations such as the lack of a Risk of Bias
analysis (Jaffar et al., 2019, Kim et al., 2021), they limited analysis to only
assess effects on semen parameters or were limited to exposure conditions
relevant to mobile phone exposures thereby imposing a SAR cut-off (Yu et al.,
2021). International committees on human health protection from electromagnetic
fields were unable to draw firm conclusions on the possibility of an adverse
effect of RF-EMF on male fertility at exposure levels where humans are
typically exposed (ICNIRP, 2020, SCENIHR, 2015)....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">We
considered only original, controlled experimental studies published in
peer-reviewed journals. We excluded non-experimental studies (e.g., human
epidemiologic or other observational studies), and studies of exposure of both
males and females of a mating pair (additional decision and change from
protocol, see Section 4.5.2). We excluded papers reporting reviews, opinions,
proceedings or meeting abstracts. We did not impose any year-of-publication or
language restriction....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">For
each endpoint, we first conducted a meta-analysis of exposed vs sham control
comparisons. When a study had several exposure groups matched to the same
comparator, the means and standard deviations of these exposed groups were
combined into one exposed group using the formulas provided in the paragraph
6.5.2.10 of the Cochrane Handbook (Higgins and Li, 2022), so that each study
was entered only once into the meta-analysis. The exposure level assigned to
that combined exposed group was calculated as the average SAR of the exposed
groups in that study weighed by the number of animals in each exposed group. In
the forest plots this is indicated with an asterisk after the study ID. Studies
that compared each exposed group to another separate sham control group were
entered as separate studies in the meta-analysis. When multiple studies were
reported in the same paper, this is indicated with a number after the study ID
in the forest plot....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">All
data subject to a <i>meta</i>-analysis were graphically synthesized by forest
plots. A forest plot was drawn in which the studies were divided according to
their overall RoB level as “low or some concern” or “high concern”. We decided
to exclude from the assessment of the pooled effect sizes the studies rated at
“high concern” for RoB in order to draw conclusions based upon the most robust
data (see Section 4.5.2)....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
After reading the full text, 175 papers on animal studies were excluded. They
are listed in Supplementary File 1a with a justification of the exclusion
rationale together with those not retrieved or not translated. Over 45 % of the
animal studies were excluded because essential information was missing
regarding exposure set-up and/or dosimetry, e.g., details on how the exposure
system output was established and maintained or exposure frequency. A further
27 % of the studies were excluded because outcome data were deemed out-of-scope
or invalid....<br />
<br />
Regarding studies on human sperm in vitro, we excluded 33 papers after reading
the full text (Supplementary File 1b). Most papers were excluded because they
did not report peer-reviewed original results. Other papers could not be
included in the systematic review because exposure conditions and/or dosimetry
were insufficiently reported or because the exposure conditions did not provide
a sufficient exposure contrast between RF-EMF exposed and sham-exposed
samples....<br />
<br />
4.1. Summary of the evidence and interpretation of the results From
experimental animal studies there is moderate certainty of evidence that RF-EMF
exposure reduces rate of pregnancy, moderate certainty of evidence that
exposure does not reduce litter size, and low certainty of evidence that
exposure lowers sperm count. All other results of animal studies and all
results on human sperm exposed <i>in vitro</i> have very low certainty. We
retrieved few independent studies reporting male reproductive effects after
experimental animal exposure to EMP. For this source of exposure, results on
pregnancy rate, litter size and sperm count, all consistent with null, have a
low certainty. All other results have a very low certainty.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">It can be asked whether the results of our <i>meta</i>-analyses
are consistent with the hypothesis that higher exposure levels, especially
those inducing an hyperthermic effect, are more biologically effective than
lower exposure levels. The result on the decrease of pregnancy rate is
consistent with this hypothesis, as shown by the observation that the pooled
effect size is statistically significant only in the subgroup of studies
exposed to SAR equal to or higher than 5 W/kg and the statistically significant
slope of the linear dose–response relationship. On the other hand, the results
on sperm count do not show an increase of the detrimental effect with increasing
SAR and all the models of dose–response relationship tested fit the data
poorly. Also for other endpoints (the results of which were rated at very low
certainty), a direct relationship between the effect and the exposure level is
not evident by the subgroup and dose–response analyses and, in some cases, even
the possibility of an inverse relationship is suggested by the data. However,
this suggestion is not sustained by a solid adverse outcome pathway, and, in
some cases, it is based only on few independent studies. We tested if other
variables unequally distributed among the subgroups could have a role in
increasing the heterogeneity of the observed results and could confound any
underlying dose–effect relationship. Indeed, we showed that the absence of
blinding during outcome assessment could strongly influence the results for
those endpoints that were not measured by automated methods, thus supporting
this hypothesis.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4.2. Limitations in the evidence Of all the
papers included in the database of animal studies after the title/abstract
evaluation, about 60 % had to be excluded for different reasons, with poor
exposure characterization accounting for about 45 % of them.... </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Financial
support This project was partially funded by the World Health Organization
(contracts 2020/1026306–0, 2022/1275453–1). WHO provided the basis for the
protocol and methodological support throughout the review process. Additional
in-kind funds were provided by ENEA, Health Canada and Swinburne University of
Technology. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Declaration
of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known
competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have
appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Acknowledgments We are grateful to Emilie
van Deventer, Maria Rosaria Scarfì and Eric van Rongen for advice regarding the
protocols draft and for discussions to ensure consistency in approaches across
the multiple ongoing WHO systematic reviews. We wish to thank Flavio Di Marzio
for his appreciated graphical help.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024000953" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024000953
</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mobile phone use and brain tumour risk – COSMOS,
a prospective cohort study </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">My
note: This cohort study suffers from methodological problems that undermine
the authors' results and conclusions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Feychting
M, Schüz J, Toledano MB, Vermeulen R, Auvinen A, Poulsen AH, Deltour I, Smith
RB, Heller J, Kromhout H, Huss A, Johansen C, Tettamanti G, Paul Elliott P.
Mobile phone use and brain tumour risk – COSMOS, a prospective cohort study.
Environment International. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108552.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Background
Each new generation of mobile phone technology has triggered discussions about
potential carcinogenicity from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic
fields (RF-EMF). Available evidence has been insufficient to conclude about
long-term and heavy mobile phone use, limited by differential recall and
selection bias, or crude exposure assessment. The Cohort Study on Mobile Phones
and Health (COSMOS) was specifically designed to overcome these shortcomings.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Methods
We recruited participants in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the
UK 2007–2012. The baseline questionnaire assessed lifetime history of mobile
phone use. Participants were followed through population-based cancer registers
to identify glioma, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">meningioma,
and acoustic neuroma cases during follow-up. Non-differential exposure
misclassification was reduced by adjusting estimates of mobile phone call-time
through regression calibration methods based on self-reported data and
objective operator-recorded information at baseline. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95%
confidence intervals (CI) for glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma in
relation to lifetime history of mobile phone use were estimated with Cox
regression models with attained age as the underlying time-scale, adjusted for
country, sex, educational level, and marital status.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Results
264,574 participants accrued 1,836,479 person-years. During a median follow-up
of 7.12 years, 149 glioma, 89 meningioma, and 29 incident cases of acoustic
neuroma were diagnosed. The adjusted HR per 100 regression-calibrated cumulative
hours of mobile phone call-time was 1.00 (95 % CI 0.98–1.02) for glioma, 1.01
(95 % CI 0.96–1.06) for meningioma, and 1.02 (95 % CI 0.99–1.06) for acoustic
neuroma. For glioma, the HR for ≥ 1908 regression-calibrated cumulative hours
(90th percentile cut-point) was 1.07 (95 % CI 0.62–1.86). Over 15 years of
mobile phone use was not associated with an increased tumour risk; for glioma
the HR was 0.97 (95 % CI 0.62–1.52).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the cumulative amount of mobile phone use is not
associated with the risk of developing glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access
paper: </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024001387" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024001387</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Headache in the
international cohort study of mobile phone use and health (COSMOS) in the
Netherlands and the United Kingdom </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">My note: This
cohort study suffers from methodological problems that undermine the
authors' results and conclusions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Traini E, Smith RB, Vermeulen R,
Kromhout H, Schüz J, Feychting M, Auvinen A, Poulsen AH, Deltour I, Muller DC,
Heller J, Tettamanti G, Elliott P, Huss A, Toledano MB. Headache in the international
cohort study of mobile phone use and health (COSMOS) in the Netherlands and the
United Kingdom. Environmental Research. 2024. doi:
10.1016/j.envres.2024.118290.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Highlights</span></p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Prospective study exploring the
relationship between mobile phone use and headache.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Associations with call-time were largely
explained by texting.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Associations likely to reflect
behavioural aspects of mobile phone use.</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Abstract<br />
<br />
Headache is a common condition with a substantial burden of disease worldwide.
Concerns have been raised over the potential impact of long-term mobile phone
use on headache due to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs). We
explored prospectively the association between mobile phone use at baseline
(2009–2012) and headache at follow-up (2015–2018) by analysing pooled data
consisting of the Dutch and UK cohorts of the Cohort Study of Mobile Phone Use
and Health (COSMOS) (N = 78,437). Frequency of headache, migraine, and
information on mobile phone use, including use of hands-free devices and
frequency of texting, were self-reported. We collected objective operator data
to obtain regression calibrated estimates of voice call duration. In the model
mutually adjusted for call-time and text messaging, participants in the high
category of call-time showed an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.04 (95 % CI:
0.94–1.15), with no clear trend of reporting headache with increasing
call-time. However, we found an increased risk of weekly headache (OR = 1.40,
95 % CI: 1.25–1.56) in the high category of text messaging, with a clear
increase in reporting headache with increasing texting. Due to the negligible
exposure to RF-EMFs from texting, our results suggest that mechanisms other
than RF-EMFs are responsible for the increased risk of headache that we found
among mobile phone users.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Excerpts</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A study conducted in Sweden and
Finland as part of COSMOS found limited evidence for an association between
weekly headache and the highest level of mobile phone use and no clear trend
with increasing call-time (Auvinen et al., 2019). The association of headache
with call-time appeared stronger for calls via the Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System (UMTS) (3G) network than via the older Global System
for Mobile (GSM) (2G) telecommunications technology, despite the latter
involving higher RF-EMF exposure levels to the head (van Wel et al., 2021)<span class="gmail-gmaildefault"> </span>.<span class="gmail-gmaildefault">...</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Headache has been linked to excessive
mobile phone use, but the mechanism by which mobile phone use may cause
symptoms is not properly understood (Wang et al., 2017; Cerutti et al., 2016;
Frey, 1998; Hocking, 1998; Oftedal et al., 2000; Schoeni et al., 2015).
Previous research in adolescents has suggested that other exposures related to mobile
phone use, but not exposure to RF-EMFs, should be considered the causal factor
for various symptoms, as the strongest associations were found with activities
that cause minimal RF-EMF exposure to the head, such as texting or gaming
(Schoeni et al., 2017). Other studies have indicated that stress or
unfavourable usage, such as late-night use, may be associated with an increase
in reported health symptoms, such as headache (Szyjkowska et al., 2014; Röösli,
2008; Thomée et al., 2011). It is therefore crucial to distinguish between
using a mobile phone for calling and other activities that expose the brain to
RF-EMFs at lower levels, such as Internet browsing (Cabré-Riera et al., 2022a;
SSM's Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields, 2020).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our study attempted to disentangle the
exposure-outcome gradient by considering call-time as a proxy for RF-EMF
exposure and texting as a proxy for usage with negligible RF-EMF exposure to
the brain (Wall et al., 2019). This study's mobile phone usage data was gathered
between 2009 and 2012. During those years, texting was the most popular
activity unrelated to RF-EMF exposure.<span class="gmail-gmaildefault">....</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) score
with a cut-off of 56 points defined severe weekly headache. The HIT-6 is a tool
used to measure the impact headaches have on one's ability to function in
various aspects of daily life, including work, school, home, and social
contexts. The score, ranging from 36 to 78 points, provides a measure of the
degree to which headaches affect daily life and functioning, with higher scores
indicating a more significant impact on the participant's overall life
(Kosinski et al., 2003)....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Results from two-exposure models
mutually adjusting for both call-time and texting at baseline, showed
substantially lower risk estimates for weekly headache in the high call-time
(RC-hfa) category (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI: 0.94–1.15), and no evidence of a trend
(P trend = 0.292) (Table 2). Associations with texting were robust to
adjustment for call-time: we observed an increased risk of weekly headache in
the high category of texting (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.25–1.56) and a trend of
increasing risk with increasing texting frequency (P trend<0.001), in line
with results from the single-exposure model (Table 3).<span class="gmail-gmaildefault">...</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In this large international
prospective cohort of mobile phone users in the Netherlands and the UK, mobile
phone use for calling and texting at baseline was associated with headaches at
follow-up. Mutually adjusting for both call-time and texting considerably
attenuated risk estimates for call-time, while associations with texting were
still strong and robust to adjustment, with a clear exposure-outcome gradient. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Headache has been linked to excessive
mobile phone use, but the mechanism by which mobile phone use may cause
symptoms is not properly understood (Wang et al., 2017; Cerutti et al., 2016;
Frey, 1998; Hocking, 1998; Oftedal et al., 2000; Schoeni et al., 2015).
Previous research in adolescents has suggested that other exposures related to
mobile phone use, but not exposure to RF-EMFs, should be considered the causal
factor for various symptoms, as the strongest associations were found with
activities that cause minimal RF-EMF exposure to the head, such as texting or
gaming (Schoeni et al., 2017)....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our study attempted to disentangle the
exposure-outcome gradient by considering call-time as a proxy for RF-EMF
exposure and texting as a proxy for usage with negligible RF-EMF exposure to
the brain (Wall et al., 2019). This study's mobile phone usage data was
gathered between 2009 and 2012. During those years, texting was the most
popular activity unrelated to RF-EMF exposure.<br />
<br />
In both scenarios, we found an increased risk of headache in the high exposure
category of mobile phone use with a positive exposure-outcome gradient confirmed
by the test for trend. The attenuated risk estimates for call-time in the
mutually adjusted model argue against an effect of exposure to RF-EMFs due to
the negligible exposure attributed to texting. This conclusion is also
supported by comparing call-time analyses with and without hands-free
adjustment, where no risk reduction was found among users for the adjusted
exposure metrics....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Regarding secondary health outcomes, we
found consistent patterns of results for severe weekly headache and migraine at
follow-up in terms of increased risk estimates and significant trends.
Increasing risk of daily headache was associated with increasing texting (P
trend<0.001) but not with increasing call-time (P trend = 0.448) (Table 2,
Table 3).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In both scenarios, we found an increased risk of headache in the
high exposure category of mobile phone use with a positive exposure-outcome
gradient confirmed by the test for trend. The attenuated risk estimates
for call-time in the mutually adjusted model argue against an effect of
exposure to RF-EMFs due to the negligible exposure attributed to texting. This
conclusion is also supported by comparing call-time analyses with and without
hands-free adjustment, where no risk reduction was found among users for the
adjusted exposure metrics.<br />
<br />
In this study, the distribution of the exposure, specifically regarding
call-time, differed between Dutch and UK participants. Mobile phone usage
behaviour across countries cannot be assumed to be identical due to various
factors such as cultural, economic, technological, and market dynamics (Böhm,
2015). To assess the consistency of our findings, we showed that defining the
top exposure category for call-time based on the 80th percentile cut-off,
thereby ensuring the inclusion of Dutch participants in the “high” exposure
category, yielded results consistent with those obtained using the 90th
percentile as a cut-off. These findings suggested that the association we found
between call-time and headache was driven not only by UK but also Dutch participants.
Of note, all analyses were adjusted for country of residence<span class="gmail-gmaildefault">....</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our study also has limitations. First,
we did not have information about “true” RF-EMF exposure. Exposure to RF-EMFs
emitted by wireless devices is difficult to quantify, particularly in large
populations and over extended periods, as it depends on different factors, such
as reception quality or other factors influencing signal strength. In our
study, we calculated several exposure metrics as proxies for RF-EMF exposure,
which allowed us to estimate the average individual RF-EMF exposure in the
population. Additionally, information on other aspects of usage, such as screen
time, blue light exposure or unfavourable use at night, may be helpful to
include in future studies. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For highly transient and acute
symptoms such as headache, using the peak of RF-EMF exposure might be
theoretically preferable over the weekly exposure assessed in our study.
However, adopting this approach would require substantially different exposure
assessment methods that are impractical for large cohort studies, such as
asking participants to regularly fill in a detailed usage diary. Given the
study design and methodology used to assess RF-EMF exposure in COSMOS, the
analysis of the association between RF-EMF peak exposure and reporting of
headache symptoms was precluded. In light of the transient nature of headaches,
future research may explore the potential effect of peak RF-EMF exposure on
symptom onset more thoroughly. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The composition of the Dutch cohort is
not representative of the adult population of the Netherlands with respect to
sex and age<span class="gmail-gmaildefault">....</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Conclusions</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;">In summary, we found that the
use of mobile phones, particularly texting, is associated with headaches and
migraines, and the associations with call-time were largely explained by
texting. As the associations are driven more by text messaging than call-time,
they do not appear to be explained by RF-EMF exposure from the mobile device
but are likely to reflect lifestyle, other exposures, or behavioural factors
associated with mobile phone use.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Declaration
of competing interest<span class="gmail-gmaildefault"> [Note that text is missing from
this paragraph.]</span> </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif;">The authors declare the
following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as
potential competing interests: Maria Feychting reports financial support was
provided by Swedish Research Council. Maria Feychting reports financial support
was provided by AFA Insurance. Maria Feychting reports financial support was
provided by Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare.
Maria Feychting reports financial support was provided by Swedish Radiation
Safety Authority. Maria Feychting reports financial support was provided by
Sweden's Innovation Agency. Paul Elliott reports financial support was provided
by Mobile Telecommunications and Health Research. Paul Elliott reports
financial support was provided by National Institute for Health and Care
Research Health Protection Research Unit. Anssi Auvinen reports financial
support was provided by National Technology Agency (TEKES). Anssi Auvinen
reports financial support was provided by Pirkanmaa Hospital District. Anssi
Auvinen reports financial support was provided by Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation.
Anssi Auvinen reports financial support was provided by Mobile Manufacturers
Forum. Roel Vermeulen reports financial support was provided by Netherlands
Organisation for Health Research and Development. Aslak Harbo Poulsen reports
financial support was provided by the Danish Strategic Research Council.
Joachim Schuz reports financial support was provided by French Agency for Food,
Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES). Maria Feychting
reports a relationship with World Health Organization that includes:. Maria
Feychting reports a relationship with Public Health England Advisory Group on
Non-ionizing Radiation that includes:. Maria Feychting reports a relationship
with Norwegian Institute of Public Health that includes:. Maria Feychting
reports a relationship with Forskningsrådet för hälsa arbetsliv och välfärd
that includes:. Maria Feychting reports a relationship with Swedish Radiation
Safety Authority that includes:. Maria Feychting reports a relationship with
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection that includes:.
Aslak Harbo Poulsen reports a relationship with Swedish Radiation Safety
Authority that includes:. Anssi Auvinen reports a relationship with
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection that includes:.
Anssi Auvinen reports a relationship with Scientific Committee on Emerging and
Newly Identified Health Risks that includes:. Anssi Auvinen reports a
relationship with European Commission, Swedish Radiation Safety Authority that
includes:. Anssi Auvinen reports a relationship with World Health Organization that
includes:. Anke Huss reports a relationship with Swedish Radiation Safety
Authority that includes:. Anke Huss reports a relationship with International
Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection that includes:. Anke Huss
reports a relationship with BioEM society that includes:. Anke Huss reports a
relationship with Gezondheidsraad that includes:. Anke Huss reports a
relationship with Swiss Research Foundation for Electricity and Mobile
Communication that includes:. Hans Kromhout reports a relationship with
Gezondheidsraad that includes:. Hans Kromhout reports a relationship with World
Health Organization that includes:. Mireille B Toledano reports a relationship
with UK Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE)
that includes:<span class="gmail-gmaildefault">. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Open access
paper: </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935124001944" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935124001944</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Personal exposure
to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: A comparative analysis of
international, national, and regional guidelines </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">My note: This
paper suffers from problems that undermine the authors' results and
conclusions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Ramirez-Vazquez
R, Escobar I, Vandenbosch GAE, Arribas E. Personal exposure to radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields: A comparative analysis of international, national, and
regional guidelines. Environmental Research. 2024. doi:
10.1016/j.envres.2024.118124.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Highlights<br />
<br />
• International, National and Regional exposure limits for RF-EMF.<br />
• RF-EMF limits are based on the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)
Principle.<br />
• Maximum exposure limit must be scientific related, not political or in any
other way.<br />
• New technologies and new smartphones require less intensity than previous
model </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A worldwide
overview and analysis for the existing limits of human exposure to
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) is given in this paper. These
reference levels have been established by different national and even regional
governments, which can be based on the guidelines provided by the
recommendations of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Protection (ICNIRP), the International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety of
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and even in the
United States of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), as well as, are
based on the so-called precautionary principle. Explicit reference is made to
the exposure limits adopted in countries or regions, such as Canada, Italy,
Poland, Switzerland, China, Russia, France, and regions of Belgium (Brussels,
Flanders, Wallonia), where the limits are much lower than the international
standards. The limits are compared to a selected set of in-situ measurements.
This clearly shows that the measured values are typically very small compared
to the international standards but could be somewhat higher compared to the
reduced limits. Based on this observation and the reasonable assumption that
the sensitivity of people to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) is the same
everywhere (whole-body), we propose the idea to establish a worldwide reference
limit for the general public, thus applicable in all countries, if the ICNIRP
considers it appropriate. Research must continue to generate measurement data
that demonstrate the levels of exposure to which we are really exposed, and
with this, provide arguments to the organizations that established the
guidelines, especially the ICNIRP, to evaluate whether the current limits are
too much. High and can be modified when considered pertinent. To the best of
our knowledge, at no time has the reference level for the general public been
exceeded.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conclusion</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The duality of
limits in the same country does not seem appropriate, because people who live
in one area or another have more or less the same interaction with RF-EMF
waves. Therefore, the limits should be the same, following the ALARA principle
– As Low As Reasonably Achievable. The reasons for setting the maximum exposure
limit should only be scientific related, not political or in any other way.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In this paper, we
provided an overview, analyze, and discuss existing limits to RF-EMF. The
international reference levels established by ICNIRP are also recommended by
WHO, IEEE and FCC, and are adopted by most countries. However, some countries
such as Canada, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, China, Russia, France, and regions
of Belgium establish more restrictive limits than the international ones. The case
of Belgium is rather specific because it establishes three very strict and
different limits in Brussels, Flanders, and Wallonia.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In addition to
the international limits, we have commented on the BioInitiative Limit, based
on the Precautionary Principle as a preventive action, an excessively
restrictive value that leaves aside more than 60 % of the personal exposure
studies to RF-EMF.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">There should be a
trend towards unifying the limits of exposure to RF-EMF in all countries. This
would allow decisions to be made in a scientific and consensual manner. The
solutions could follow the ones from the International Union for Pure and
Applied Physics (IUPAP), which is an international organization that has sixty
member countries and is in charge, among other things, of the correct use of
the International System of Units and of reviewing the measurement units of the
physical magnitudes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Based on the
observation and analysis of measured levels that in most cases, the measured
levels are very small, we propose that a reference limit be established for the
general public, reasonable and applied to all countries, if the ICNIRP
considers it appropriate. Therefore, research must continue to generate
measurement data that demonstrate the levels of exposure to which we are really
exposed, and with this, provide arguments to the organizations that established
the guidelines, especially the ICNIRP, so that they evaluate whether the
current limits are too high and can be modified, when considered pertinent. To
the best of our knowledge, at no time has the reference level been exceeded for
the general public, and we believe that it will not be exceeded, since the new
smartphones require much less intensity than previous models, and the same goes
for new technologies, 5G, 6G.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935124000288" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935124000288 </span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">How to improv</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">e
IARC's RF-EMF cancer hazard communication</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">My
note: This paper suffers from problems that undermine the authors' analysis.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Wiedemann
PM, Croft RJ. How to improve IARC's RF-EMF cancer hazard communication.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2024 Feb 13. doi: 10.1002/bem.22499. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A
crucial aspect of IARC's evaluation of the relative carcinogenicity of agents
is the communication of its conclusions. The present paper addressed the
experimental risk perception literature pertaining to IARC's radiofrequency
electromagnetic field evaluation communication, and derived specific
recommendations for improving it. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.22499" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.22499</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Molecular biomarkers in Electrohypersensitivity
and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: How They Can Help Diagnosis, Follow-Up, and
in Etiopathologic Understanding </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Irigaray
P, Awaida N, Belpomme D. Molecular biomarkers in Electrohypersensitivity and
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: How They Can Help Diagnosis, Follow-Up, and in
Etiopathologic Understanding. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], 12(1), 2024.
doi: 10.18103/mra.v12i1.4771. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Electrohypersensitivty
(EHS) and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) are new worldwide emerging
neurologic disorders in the framework of sensitivity-related environmental
pathology. We have recently extended and confirmed our previous observation
showing that EHS and MCS share clinically identical symptoms and may co-exist
as a unique, common, sensitivity-related neurologic syndrome in 25% of the
cases. There is presently no published biological study of these disorders,
except the one we have previously published as preliminary. In the present
study, we show that EHS and MCS and the combined syndrome share identical
biochemical changes. More precisely, by measuring levels of peripheral blood
and urine molecular biomarkers in a cohort of 2,018 consecutive cases, we show
that both disorders and the combined syndrome can be objectively characterized,
in about 90% of the cases, by a decrease in the production of
6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate in urine, while in 30-50% they are characterized by
increased levels of histamine and of heat shock proteins (HSP) 27 and/or 70,
and of protein S100B and nitrotyrosine in the peripheral blood. Increased
levels of histamine and HSP are indicators of low grade inflammation while
increased levels of protein S100B and nitrotyrosine are indicators of
blood-brain barrier disruption/opening. In addition, we show that in about 15%
of the cases anti-myelin autoantibodies can be detected in the peripheral
blood, accounting for the occurrence of an autoimmune response. Sensitivity,
specificity and reproducibility of the biochemical tests are discussed, as well
as the role of these indicators used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and
follow-up of patients. We also discuss cases with undetectable biological
change for which they can be nevertheless diagnosed by cerebral
neurotransmitters analysis in urine and brain imaging. On the basis of these
biological data it is suggested that EHS and/or MCS are new brain disorders,
generated via a common etiopathogenic mechanism. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="http://goog_1068337440" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4771" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4771</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Environmental Health Ecosystem Sustainability in
The Era of Electromagnetic Radiation Contamination </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Matthew
UO, Bakare KM, Oyekunle D, Nkeiruka AM, Ebong GN (2024) Environmental Health
Ecosystem Sustainability in The Era of Electromagnetic Radiation Contamination.
J Comm Med and Pub Health Rep 5(02): doi: 10.38207/JCMPHR/2024/JAN05020418.<br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
<br />
The primary environmental health sub-disciplines that address the best
approaches to environmental health, ecosystem sustainability, and natural
habitats are environmental science, toxicology, environmental epidemiology, and
occupational and environmental medicine. The intimate connection between
environmental toxins and human health gained increased public attention at the
beginning of the new millennium. Radiation, chemical, and biological agents are
the three primary ecological contaminants. There is contamination in the soil,
water, food, and air. The increasing adoption of 5G wireless networks has recently
raised interest in its potential to support several digital and critical
infrastructures. However, concerns have been raised over the potential health
risks associated with fifth-generation wireless networks due to the claims that
the electromagnetic radiation in the 5G carrier signal is more potent than in
any prior networks. As a subject of public health, environmental health studies
the whole range of effects that artificial technology and natural environments
have on the general well-being of society-wide space. It establishes the
prerequisites for a wholesome atmosphere as essential in managing factors that
may negatively impact the sustainability of ecosystems and the environment's
well-being. This study observed that the multistage carcinogenic process, which
includes carcinogen activation, oxidative DNA damage, and tumor growth, is
aided by hydrogen peroxide formation during the breakdown of water molecules
due to 5G electromagnetic frequency radiation as an environmental contaminant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://www.acquaintpublications.com/article/environmental_health_ecosystem_sustainability_in_the_era_of_electromagnetic_radiation_contamination" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.acquaintpublications.com/article/environmental_health_ecosystem_sustainability_in_the_era_of_electromagnetic_radiation_contamination</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Assessment of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic
Field Exposure Induced by Base Stations in Several Micro-Environments in France</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">W.
B. Chikha et al. Assessment of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure
Induced by Base Stations in Several Micro-Environments in France. IEEE Access,
vol. 12, pp. 21610-21620, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3363914.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Recently,
the monitoring of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure
induced by cellular networks has received a great deal of attention. In this
work, a set of 70 microenvironments (MEs) located in urban and rural areas are
selected in France under, on the one hand, the French Beyond5G project, and on
the other hand, the 5G expOsure, causaL effects and rIsk perception through
citizen engagement (GOLIAT) EU project. The purpose of this study is to assess
the RF-EMF DL exposure in residential areas, downtowns, business areas, train
stations, and public transport rides. For that, we employ the personal
ExpoM-RF4 dosimeter placed inside a backpack to perform the measurements in
different MEs. To take into consideration the effect of the presence of the
human body near the dosimeter, we propose a correction approach that is mainly
based on comparing the measurements given by ExpoM-RF4 to the ones provided by
a reference system using the Tektronix real-time spectrum analyzer (RTSA) far
from the body. Then, we use metrics, such as the quadratic mean, standard
deviation, and median of the electric (E) field to carry out a comparative
study between different MEs with different RF bands. It was found that the
RF-EMF exposure levels for all MEs are well below the maximum allowable exposure
limit prescribed by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Protection (ICNIRP). In addition, we perform clustering analyses using the
K-Means technique to group the MEs with comparable exposure levels. The results
show that the exposure level is low, but generally higher in MEs located in
Paris than in the other considered areas (i.e., Massy and three villages,
namely Igny, Bures-sur-Yvette and Gif-Sur-Yvette). For example, we observe that
outdoor MEs can be grouped into three clusters, where the average total E
fields (ATEFs) are 0.77 V/m, 0.35 V/m, and 0.08 V/m for the MEs belonging to
the first, second and third clusters, respectively. Note that the first cluster
here mainly contains the MEs located in Paris. This can be explained by the
important number of antennas deployed in that area to serve the huge amount of
users. We also observe few locations with exceptions confirming the presence of
heterogeneous environments in the vicinity of some areas. For instance, three
MEs in Paris among fifteen have an exposure level similar to Massy MEs in
outdoor</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10424982&isnumber=10380310" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10424982&isnumber=10380310</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Electromagnetic Exposure Level of a Pure Electric
Vehicle Inverter Based on a Real Human Body </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Dong X, Gao Y, Lu M. The Electromagnetic Exposure
Level of a Pure Electric Vehicle Inverter Based on a Real Human Body. <i>Applied
Sciences</i>. 2024; 14(1):32. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">doi: 10.3390/app14010032</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In order to quantitatively analyze the
electromagnetic exposure dose of an inverter in a pure electric vehicle to the
driver’s body and assess the safety of the electromagnetic exposure, based on a
real human anatomy model in the virtual home project, a real human model with
several organs and tissues, including muscles, bones, a heart, lungs, a liver,
kidneys, a bladder, a skull, a scalp, white matter, and a cerebellum, was
constructed. The inverter of a pure electric vehicle is considered to be the
electromagnetic exposure source; for this study, an equivalent electromagnetic
environment model composed of a real human body, an inverter, and a vehicle
body was built. The distribution of induced fields in the driver’s tissues and
organs was calculated and analyzed using the finite element method. The results
show that the distribution of the magnetic flux density, induced electric field,
and induced current density in the driver’s body was affected by the spatial
distance of the inverter. The farther the distance was, the weaker the value
was. Specifically, due to the different dielectric properties of the different
tissues, the induced field in the different tissues was significantly
different. However, the maximum magnetic flux density over the space occupied
by the driver’s body and induced electric field in the driver’s trunk and
central nervous system satisfied the exposure limits of the International
Commission on Non-Ionization Radiation Protection, indicating that the
electromagnetic environments generated by the inverter proposed in this paper
are safe for the vehicle driver’s health. The numerical results of this study
could also effectively supplement the study of the electromagnetic environments
of pure electric vehicles and provide some references for protecting the
drivers of pure electric vehicles from electromagnetic radiation. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conclusions</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Based
on the numerical results, we found that although the B-field in the central
region of the inverter exceeds the reference level of the ICNIRP for general
public exposure, when the distance from the inverter is increased, the B-field
values sharply decrease. The maximum B-field over the space occupied by the
driver’s body and the E-field in the driver’s trunk and CNS are all below the
exposure limits defined by the ICNIRP for general public exposure. The
electromagnetic environment generated by the inverter adopted in this study (12
kW, Semikron, Germany), at its rated state in the paper, is therefore safe and
would not affect the PEV driver’s health. Additionally, the results of this
study could effectively supplement research regarding the electromagnetic
environment of PEVs and provide references for the formulation of industry
standards for electromagnetic exposure and the design of vehicles that are safe
in terms of electromagnetic exposure.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/32" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/32</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SAR Estimations in a Child Due to RF Exposures
from Several Laptops in a Classroom Environment</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Soares
NE, Bulla G, Fernandez-Rodriguez CE, de Salles AAA. SAR Estimations in a Child
Due to RF Exposures from Several Laptops in a Classroom Environment<i>. 2023
IEEE MTT-S Latin America Microwave Conference (LAMC)</i>, San José, Costa Rica,
2023, pp. 58-60, doi: 10.1109/LAMC59011.2023.10375589.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">This
research provides a detailed examination of the exposure to electromagnetic
fields (EMF) in a classroom environment. The study is driven by the escalating
integration of electronic devices in educational settings and the subsequent
necessity to estimate the implications of this on the overall exposure. The
employed methodology simulates a classroom filled with several 7-year-old girls
realistic models, each using a laptop, which are the primary sources of
electromagnetic radiation. The 1g and 10g peak spatial Specific Absorption Rate
(psSAR) are calculated for various parts of the child model, including the
head, back, and hands. It is observed that, when several laptops are used, the
psSAR can be substantially increased (e.g. up to 40-fold). One objective of
this study is to enhance the understanding of potential EMF exposure effects in
relation to age and to provide guidelines for the design of safer classrooms in
the context of widespread laptop usage. </span><a href="http://goog_1957563423" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10375589" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10375589</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a name="m_2515053310686649950_m_3556431474981320"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Effects
of 3.5-GHz radiofrequency radiation on energy-regulatory hormone levels in the
blood and adipose tissue</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bektas
H, Dasdag S, Altindag F, Akdag MZ, Yegin K, Algul S. Effects of 3.5-GHz
radiofrequency radiation on energy-regulatory hormone levels in the blood and
adipose tissue. <i>Bioelectromagnetics</i> 1–9 (2024). doi: 10.1002/bem.22498. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Highlights</span></p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3.5 GHz
radiofrequency radiation (RFR) may induce alterations in hormones
regulating energy metabolism.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3.5 GHz
RFR may lead to alterations in total antioxidant, total oxidant, and
hydrogen peroxide levels.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Particularly
in conjunction with diabetes, 3.5 GHz RFR may result in adverse effects on
energy metabolism.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Although
there were changes of the hormone levels in the exposed group, the actual
values remained for both sham and exposed groups within the normal range.</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
recent years exposure of living beings to radiofrequency radiation (RFR)
emitted from wireless equipment has increased. In this study, we investigated
the effects of 3.5-GHz RFR on hormones that regulate energy metabolism in the
body. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: healthy sham (<i>n</i> = 7),
healthy RFR (<i>n</i> = 7), diabetic sham (<i>n</i> = 7), and diabetic RFR (<i>n</i> = 7).
Over a month, each group spent 2 h/day in a Plexiglas carousel. The rats in the
experimental group were exposed to RFR, but the sham groups were not. At the
end of the experiment, blood and adipose tissues were collected from euthanized
rats. Total antioxidant, total oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, ghrelin, nesfatin-1,
and irisin were determined. Insulin expression in pancreatic tissues was
examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Whole body specific absorption rate
was 37 mW/kg. For the parameters analyzed in blood and fat, the estimated
effect size varied within the ranges of 0.215–0.929 and 0.503–0.839,
respectively. The blood and adipose nesfatin-1 (<i>p</i> = 0.002), blood and
pancreatic insulin are decreased, (<i>p</i> = 0.001), gherelin (p = 0.020),
irisin (<i>p</i> = 0.020), and blood glucose (<i>p</i> = 0.040) are increased
in healthy and diabetic rats exposed to RFR. While nesfatin-1 are negatively
correlated with oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and insulin, ghrelin and irisin
are positively correlated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. Thus, RFR
may have deleterious effects on energy metabolism, particularly in the presence
of diabetes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="http://goog_1396051012" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></a><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.22498" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.22498</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Genetic
profiling of rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas from life-time radiofrequency
radiation exposure study using a targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Brooks
AM, Vornoli A, Kovi RC, Ton TVT, Xu M, Mashal A, Tibaldi E, Gnudi F, Li JL,
Sills RC, Bucher JR, Mandrioli D, Belpoggi F, Pandiri AR. Genetic profiling of
rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas from life-time radiofrequency radiation
exposure study using a targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel. PLoS
One. 2024 Jan 17;19(1):e0296699. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296699. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
cancer hazard associated with lifetime exposure to radiofrequency radiation
(RFR) was examined in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at the Ramazzini Institute (RI),
Italy. There were increased incidences of gliomas and cardiac schwannomas. The
translational relevance of these rare rat tumors for human disease is poorly
understood. We examined the genetic alterations in RFR-derived rat tumors
through molecular characterization of important cancer genes relevant for human
gliomagenesis. A targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was designed
for rats based on the top 23 orthologous human glioma-related genes.
Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertion and deletions (indels)
were characterized in the rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas. Translational
relevance of these genetic alterations in rat tumors to human disease was
determined through comparison with the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer
(COSMIC) database. These data suggest that rat gliomas resulting from life-time
exposure to RFR histologically resemble low grade human gliomas but
surprisingly no mutations were detected in rat gliomas that had homology to the
human IDH1 p.R132 or IDH2 p.R172 suggesting that rat gliomas are primarily
wild-type for IDH hotspot mutations implicated in human gliomas. The rat
gliomas appear to share some genetic alterations with IDH1 wildtype human
gliomas and rat cardiac schwannomas also harbor mutations in some of the
queried cancer genes. These data demonstrate that targeted NGS panels based on
tumor specific orthologous human cancer driver genes are an important tool to
examine the translational relevance of rodent tumors resulting from
chronic/life-time rodent bioassays.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Excerpts</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
this study we have demonstrated that the gliomas and cardiac schwannomas in
rats resulting from lifetime exposure to low dose far field RFR that are used
for cellular telephone communications, are morphologically similar to low grade
human gliomas and that about 25% of the mutations seen in these tumors have
corresponding alterations in homologs of human cancer genes. Surprisingly, none
of the rat gliomas examined in this study harbored mutations in <i>Idh1/2</i>
genes that are common in human gliomas....</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
summary, our results demonstrate that regardless of their etiology (due to
lifetime RFR exposure or arising spontaneously), rat gliomas are primarily <i>Idh</i>1/2
wild type unlike most human gliomas. Histologically, most of the rat gliomas
resemble diffuse low-grade gliomas in humans and such gliomas that do not
harbor <i>IDH1/2</i> mutations in humans are known to have poor prognosis. The
genetic alterations in other cancer genes evaluated in this panel provide novel
insights into tumor progression in rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas. The
relevance of specific mutations to human cancers is variable, with some genes (<i>Tp53</i>,
<i>Cdkn2a</i>, <i>Erbb2</i>, <i>Chek2</i>, <i>Kras</i> and <i>Pik3r1</i>)
harboring many alterations with COSMIC relevance while the opposite is true for
other target genes (<i>Idh1/2</i>, <i>Atrx</i>, <i>Notch1</i>, <i>Pten</i>, <i>Rb1</i>
and <i>Setd2</i>). Several of these conserved mutations in rat tumors do not
have comparable alterations in the COSMIC database, suggesting that the
orthologous mutations could have different functional consequences in rat
carcinogenesis and deserve further study. An important consideration is that
molecular differences underlying mutational processes contribute to distinct
mutational patterns which could be the result of similar etiology, albeit by
different mechanisms.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Several of the variants that were detected in
gliomas were also observed in non-tumor brain tissues from interim time point
providing an insight into the molecular pathogenesis in rodent carcinogenicity
studies and these strategies may be utilized to potentially estimate the cancer
hazard risk in shorter term animal studies. Finally, this targeted mutation
panel may be refined using data from whole genome or exome sequencing of rat
tumors and performing error corrected duplex sequencing to increase the
sensitivity to detect rare mutations in exposed non-tumor tissues from early
time points.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0296699" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0296699</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Understanding the public voices and researchers
speaking into the 5G narrative</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
Weller S, McCredden J. Understanding the public voices and researchers speaking
into the 5G narrative. Front. Public Health. Vol. 11. 2023 doi:
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1339513.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
many different voices speaking into the current narrative surrounding the
health effects of 5G technologies necessitate an exploration of the background
of the various published author spokespersons and their potential motives. This
has been attempted recently by de Vocht and Albers. However, that opinion piece
used a narrow investigative lens, resulting in an undermining of both the
rationality of the concerned general public and the motives of specific
researchers. At the same time, biases, conflicts of interest, and flaws found
in "independent" reviews were not considered. To address these oversights,
an evidence-based appraisal of public opinion and the scientific caliber of
authors involved in the 5G health discussion is warranted. Subsequently, this
review article presents an analysis of the available Australian data
representing public voices, while also conducting a broader investigation of
the level of expertise of the recent author-spokespersons based on their
experience as scientists, particularly in the area of health effects of
radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. This review thus attempts to more
clearly illustrate for the reader the caliber and motives of the voices
speaking into the 5G narrative. The article concludes with a set of questions
that need to be answered to enable scientists to advise policy makers more
effectively on matters of 5G and public health. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1339513/abstract" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1339513/abstract</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Effects of 700 and 3500 MHz 5G radiofrequency
exposure on developing zebrafish embryos </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Torres-Ruiz
M, Suárez OJ, López V, Marina P, Sanchis A, Liste I, de Alba M, Ramos V.
Effects of 700 and 3500 MHz 5G radiofrequency exposure on developing zebrafish
embryos. Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 8:169475. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169475. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Telecommunications industries are rapidly
deploying the fifth generation (5G) spectrum and there is public concern about
the safety and health impacts of this type of Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR),
in part because of the lack of comparable scientific evidence. In this study we
have used a validated commercially available setting producing a uniform field
to expose zebrafish embryos (ZFe) to unmodulated 700 and 3500 MHz frequencies. We
have combined a battery of toxicity, developmental and behavioral assays to
further explore potential RFR effects. Our neurobehavioral profiles include a
tail coiling assay, a light/dark activity assay, two thigmotaxis anxiety assays
(auditory and visual stimuli), and a startle response - habituation assay in
response to auditory stimuli. ZFe were exposed for 1 and 4 h during the
blastula period of development and endpoints evaluated up to 120 h post
fertilization (hpf). Our results show no effects on mortality, hatching or body
length. However, we have demonstrated specific organ morphological effects, and
behavioral effects in activity, anxiety-like behavior, and habituation that
lasted in larvae exposed during the early embryonic period. A decrease in acetylcholinesterase
activity was also observed and could explain some of the observed behavioral
alterations. Interestingly, effects were more pronounced in ZFe exposed to the
700 MHz frequency, and especially for the 4 h exposure period. In addition, we have
demonstrated that our exposure setup is robust, flexible with regard to
frequency and power testing, and highly comparable. Future work will include
exposure of ZFe to 5G modulated signals for different time periods to better
understand the potential health effects of novel 5G RFR. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38199355/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38199355/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Effects of radiofrequency field from 5G
communication on fecal microbiome and metabolome profiles in mice </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Wang, X., Zhou, G., Lin, J. <i>et al.</i> Effects
of radiofrequency field from 5G communication on fecal microbiome and
metabolome profiles in mice. <i>Sci Rep</i> <b>14</b>, 3571 (2024). </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53842-2" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53842-2</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">With the rapid development of 5G networks, the
influence of the radiofrequency field (RF) generated from 5G communication
equipment on human health is drawing increasing attention in public. The study
aimed at assessing the effects of long-term exposure to 4.9 GHz (one of
the working frequencies of 5G communication) RF field on fecal microbiome and
metabolome profiles in adult male C57BL/6 mice. The animals were divided into
Sham group and radiofrequency group (RF group). For RF group, the mice were
whole body exposed to 4.9 GHz RF field for three weeks, 1 h/d, at
average power density (PD) of 50 W/m<sup>2</sup>. After RF exposure, the mice
fecal samples were collected to detect gut microorganisms and metabolites by
16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC–MS method, respectively. The results showed
that intestinal microbial compositions were altered in RF group, as evidenced
by reduced microbial diversity and changed microbial community distribution.
Metabolomics profiling identified 258 significantly differentially abundant
metabolites in RF group, 57 of which can be classified to Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Besides, functional correlation analysis
showed that changes in gut microbiota genera were significantly correlated with
changes in fecal metabolites. In summary, the results suggested that altered
gut microbiota and metabolic profile are associated with 4.9 GHz
radiofrequency exposure. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-53842-2" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-53842-2</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR
Chronic Exposure </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Makhmanazarov R, Tseplyaev I, Shipilov S, Krivova
N. Estimation of SAR Average in Rats during 5G NR Chronic Exposure. <i>Applied
Sciences</i>. 2024; 14(1):208. doi: 10.3390/app14010208.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">To
study physiological reactions in the brain and skin of higher mammals exposed
to chronic radiofrequency radiation, specific absorption ratio (SAR)
determination is required and time-consuming numerical methods are used. The
paper deals with the estimation of the whole-body specific absorption rate
(SAR) in rats chronically exposed to external electromagnetic fields, as well
as the development of a laboratory setup simulating the operation of a
fifth-generation 5G New Radio base station (with a signal bandwidth of 15 MHz
and a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz). The paper presents a modified method for
theoretical SAR estimation for one-sided irradiation and distributed
absorption. Mean whole-body SAR values were estimated by the proposed method
and numerically modeled with the CST Microwave Studio simulation software
2020package using primitive rat models. Dielectric parameters in the numerical
simulation were used from the software library. The IEEE/IEC 62704-1 algorithm
was used to investigate SAR in numerical simulations. The theoretical estimates
and numerical simulations were compared for different SAR distributions and
were found to be qualitatively comparable. The differences between approximate
theoretical estimates and numerical simulations are 7% and 10% for distributed
and non-distributed absorptions, respectively. The proposed method, which takes
into account the decreasing power flux density, can be used to estimate the
approximate whole-body SAR during chronic electromagnetic field exposure in
rats. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/208" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/208</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The thermal sensation threshold and its
reliability induced by the exposure to 28 GHz millimeter-wave </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Akiko Y, Shintaro U, Kazuki U, Sachiko K, Norika
A, Akimasa H, Yohei O. The thermal sensation threshold and its reliability
induced by the exposure to 28 GHz millimeter-wave. Frontiers in Neuroscience.
18. 2024. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1331416. <br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
<br />
The application of 28 GHz millimeter-wave is prevalent owing to the global
spread of fifth-generation wireless communication systems. Its thermal effect
is a dominant factor which potentially causes pain and tissue damage to the
body parts exposed to the millimeter waves. However, the threshold of this
thermal sensation, that is, the degree of change in skin temperature from the
baseline at which the first subjective response to the thermal effects of the
millimeter waves occurs, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the thermal
sensation threshold and assessed its reliability when exposed to millimeter
waves. Twenty healthy adults were exposed to 28 GHz millimeter-wave on their
left middle fingertip at five levels of antenna input power: 0.2, 1.1, 1.6,
2.1, and 3.4 W (incident power density: 27–399 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>).
This measurement session was repeated twice on the same day to evaluate the
threshold reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and
Bland–Altman analysis were used as proxies for the relative and absolute
reliability, respectively. The number of participants who perceived a sensation
during the two sessions at each exposure level was also counted as the
perception rate. Mean thermal sensation thresholds were within 0.9°C–1.0°C for
the 126–399 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> conditions, while that was 0.2°C for
the 27 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> condition. The ICCs for the threshold at
27 and 126 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> were interpreted as poor and fair,
respectively, while those at higher exposure levels were moderate to
substantial. Apart from a proportional bias in the
191 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> condition, there was no fixed bias. All
participants perceived a thermal sensation at 399 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>
in both sessions, and the perception rate gradually decreased with lower
exposure levels. Importantly, two-thirds of the participants answered that they
felt a thermal sensation in both or one of the sessions at
27 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, despite the low-temperature increase. These
results suggest that the thermal sensation threshold is around 1.0°C,
consistent across exposure levels, while its reliability increases with higher
exposure levels. Furthermore, the perception of thermal sensation may be
inherently ambiguous owing to the nature of human perception.<br />
<br />
Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1331416" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1331416</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The impact of radiofrequency exposure on Aedes
aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) development [mosquitos]</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Nik Abdull Halim NMH, Mohd Jamili AF, Che Dom N,
Abd Rahman NH, Jamal Kareem Z, Dapari R. The impact of radiofrequency exposure
on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) development. PLoS One. 2024 Feb
27;19(2):e0298738. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298738. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Introduction Wireless communication
connects billions of people worldwide, relying on radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Generally, fifth-generation (5G) networks
shift RF carriers to higher frequencies. Although radio, cell phones, and
television have benefited humans for decades, higher carrier frequencies can
present potential health risks. Insects closely associated with humans (such as
mosquitoes) can undergo increased RF absorption and dielectric heating. This
process inadvertently impacts the insects’ behaviour, morphology, and
physiology, which can influence their spread. Therefore, this study examined
the impact of RF exposure on Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, which are prevalent in
indoor environments with higher RF exposure risk. The morphologies of Ae.
aegypti eggs and their developments into Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were
investigated.<br />
<br />
Methods A total of 30 eggs were exposed to RF radiation at three
frequencies: baseline, 900 MHz, and 18 GHz. Each frequency was tested in
triplicate. Several parameters were assessed through daily observations in an insectarium,
including hatching responses, development times, larval numbers, and pupation
periods until the emergence of adult insects.<br />
<br />
Results This study revealed that the hatching rate for the 900 MHz group
was the highest (79 ± 10.54%) compared to other exposures (p = 0.87). The adult
emergence rate for the 900 MHz group was also the lowest at 33 ± 2.77%. A
significant difference between the groups was demonstrated in the statistical
analysis (p = 0.03).<br />
<br />
Conclusion This work highlighted the morphology sensitivity of Ae.
aegypti eggs and their developments in the aquatic phase to RF radiation,
potentially altering their life cycle.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">This study successfully comprehended the
influence of RF exposure on the development of <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes. The 900
MHz RF exposure accelerated the hatching process of <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i>
mosquitoes and increased the percentage of adult emergence. These findings
represented an essential initial stage in understanding the impact of RF
radiation on <i>Aedes</i> mosquito populations, providing vital insights into
the population dynamics. Nevertheless, the potential variability results under
distinct study conditions involving RF exposure variation types and the
mosquito species studied were necessary. Thus, additional investigation was
desirable and crucial to understand the consequences of RF exposure
comprehensively on <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> and determine the most
efficient approaches for identifying the most effective strategies for dengue
vector control. Studies are actively investigating the influence of RF exposure
on insects (particularly mosquitoes) due to data suggesting that it can impact
hatching and developmental processes. Hence, further studies should be
conducted to fully comprehend the scope of these effects and clarify their
practical relevance in preventing dengue spread. These ongoing studies are
pivotal in learning the potential utility of RF exposure to mitigate the spread
of dengue disease and in establishing the most efficacious approaches for
translating this knowledge into practical control measures. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298738" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298738</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Detrimental impact of cell phone radiation on
sperm DNA integrity (Review)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Koohestanidehaghi Y, Khalili MA, Dehghanpour
F, Seify M. Detrimental impact of cell phone radiation on sperm DNA integrity.
Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2024 Jan 24. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06121.<br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
<br />
Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from various sources may
impact health due to the generation of frequency bands. Broad pulses emitted
within frequency bands can be absorbed by cells, influencing their function.
Numerous laboratory studies have demonstrated that mobile phones-generally the
most widely used devices-can have harmful effects on sex cells, such as sperm
and oocytes, by producing RF-EMR. Moreover, some research has indicated that
RF-EMR generated by mobile phones can influence sperm parameters, including
motility, morphology, viability, and (most critically) DNA structure.
Consequently, RF-EMR can disrupt both sperm function and fertilization.
However, other studies have reported that exposure of spermatozoa to RF-EMR
does not affect the functional parameters or genetic structure of sperm. These
conflicting results likely stem from differences among studies in the duration
and exposure distance, as well as the species of animal used. This report was
undertaken to review the existing research discussing the effects of RF-EMR on
the DNA integrity of mammalian spermatozoa.<br />
<br />
EMW can induce oxidative stress, which subsequently leads to disorders such as
reduced mobility, morphological changes, acrosome disturbances, and ultimately,
damage to the nucleus and genetic material. This oxidative damage to DNA can
result in the breakdown of both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA
structures, culminating in fragmentation. If the DNA is not repaired and the
damage accumulates, the sperm may undergo apoptosis. Damage to the sperm genome
can ultimately impact fertility, potentially leading to infertility. Therefore,
it is advisable to limit daily exposure to these sources to prevent
irreversible damage caused by EMWs. Many men carry their cell phones in their trouser
pockets or clipped to their belts, and the use of Bluetooth can increase their
susceptibility to RF-EMR exposure. This exposure can induce changes in sperm
quality through oxidative stress, potentially leading to infertility. Agarwal
et al. [11] suggested that carrying a cell phone in a pocket could lead to a
decline in sperm quality. However, it is important to note that the phone and
male reproductive organs are separated by multiple tissue layers. Therefore,
extrapolating these in vitro effects to real-life conditions requires further
studies [11].</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In July 2021, the European Parliament
commissioned a research report titled “Health impact of 5G.” The report
concluded that the commonly used RF-EMFs are likely carcinogenic to humans and
have a definitive impact on male fertility. It also suggested potential adverse
effects on the development of embryos, fetuses, and newborns. To mitigate these
adverse effects, the organization proposed several strategies. These include
favoring non-wireless connections, increasing distance from the source of
RF-EMFs, switching off devices when not in use, and practicing safe phone usage
[55].</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://ecerm.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5653/cerm.2023.06121" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://ecerm.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5653/cerm.2023.06121</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Acute exposure of microwave impairs attention
process by activating microglial inflammation </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Jiang S, Ma Y, Shi Y, <i>et al.</i> Acute
exposure of microwave impairs attention process by activating microglial
inflammation. <i>Cell Biosci</i> <b>14</b>, 2 (2024). doi:
10.1186/s13578-023-01162-9.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Background Attention provides the
foundation for cognitions, which was shown to be affected by microwave (MW)
radiation. With the ubiquitous of microwaves, public concerns regarding the
impact of MW radiation on attention has hence been increased. Our study aims to
investigate the potential effect and mechanism of acute microwave exposure on
attention.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Results We identified obvious impairment of
attention in mice by the five-choice serial reaction time (5-CSRT) task.
Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed neuroinflammation
and microglial activation potentially due to acute MW exposure. Moreover,
biochemical analysis further confirmed microglial activation in the prefrontal
cortex (PFC) of mice subjected to acute MW exposure. Finally, minocycline, a
commercially available anti-inflammatory compound, attenuated
neuroinflammation, inhibited the upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
receptor (NMDAR) including NR2A and NR2B, and also accelerated the attentional
recovery after MW exposure.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conclusions We believe that microglial
activation and NMDAR upregulation likely contribute to inattention induced by
acute MW exposure, and we found that minocycline may be effective in preventing
such process</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10768366/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10768366/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation
emitted from cell phone on embryo morphokinetics and blastocyst viability in
mice </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Seify M, Khalili MA, Anbari F, Koohestanidehaghi
Y. Detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phone on
embryo morphokinetics and blastocyst viability in mice. Zygote. Published
online 2024:1-5. doi:10.1017/S0967199424000042</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has deleterious
effects on sperm motility and viability, as well as oocyte membrane and
organelle structure. The aim was to assess the effects of cell phone radiation
on preimplantation embryo morphokinetics and blastocyst viability in mice. For
superovulation, 20 female mice were treated with intraperitoneal (IP)
injections of 10 IU pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (Folligon® PMSG),
followed by 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after 48 h. The zygotes
(n = 150) from the control group were incubated for 4 days. The experimental
zygotes (n = 150) were exposed to a cell phone emitting EMR with a frequency
range 900–1800 MHz for 30 min on day 1. Then, all embryos were cultured in the
time-lapse system and annotated based on time points from the 2-cell stage (t2)
to hatched blastocyst (tHDyz), as well as abnormal cleavage patterns.
Blastocyst viability was assessed using Hoechst and propidium iodide staining.
Significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in the cleavage division time
points of t2, t8, t10, and t12 of the experimental group compared with the
controls. In terms of blastocyst formation parameters, a delay in embryo
development was observed in the experimental group compared with the controls.
Data analysis of the time intervals between the two groups showed a significant
difference in the s3 time interval (P < 0.05). Also, the rates of
fragmentation, reverse cleavage, vacuole formation, and embryo arrest were
significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the
cell survival rate in the experimental group was lower than the control group
(P < 0.05). Exposure to EMR has detrimental consequences for preimplantation
embryo development in mice. These effects can manifest as defects in the
cleavage stage and impaired blastocyst formation, leading to lower cell
viability.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/zygote/article/abs/detrimental-effects-of-electromagnetic-radiation-emitted-from-cell-phone-on-embryo-morphokinetics-and-blastocyst-viability-in-mice/BC3E03A74EC2E5E9C97D6CF6E22253A3" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/zygote/article/abs/detrimental-effects-of-electromagnetic-radiation-emitted-from-cell-phone-on-embryo-morphokinetics-and-blastocyst-viability-in-mice/BC3E03A74EC2E5E9C97D6CF6E22253A3</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Radio-tracking systems emit pulsed waves that
could affect the health and alter the orientation of animals</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
<br />
Balmori A. Radio-tracking systems emit pulsed waves that could affect the
health and alter the orientation of animals. Journal for Nature Conservation.
Vol. 77. 2024,<br />
doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126520.<br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
<br />
Any study carried out with a given technique must avoid causing harmful effects
on the experimental subjects, in order to avoid altering the survival rates of
the animals or causing bias in the results of the study. Radio tagging is
undoubtedly a very useful technique, and in many cases is the only option
available to obtain information on the ecology and movements of wild animals,
but unfortunately it has been used indiscriminately, without regard to the
problems it can cause. The most well-known of these are the effects from the
weight of the device and the harness, but there are others that have not yet
been taken into account and that have not been sufficiently studied, such as
the non-thermal effects of modulated and/or pulsed electromagnetic fields on
the health and orientation of radio-tracked animals. This commentary provides a
brief overview of the scientific evidence on the effects of electromagnetic
fields, and underlines the importance of carrying out relevant studies in order
to check for the possible effects of radio transmitters on animals.<br />
</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138123001917" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138123001917</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A study on effects of cell phone tower-emitted
non-ionizing radiations in an Allium cepa test system</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sharma A, Sharma S, Bahel S, Katnoria JK. A study
on effects of cell phone tower-emitted non-ionizing radiations in an Allium
cepa test system. Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Feb 13;196(3):261. doi:
10.1007/s10661-024-12435-2.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Considering enormous growth in population,
technical advancement, and added reliance on electronic devices leading to
adverse health effects, <i>in situ</i> simulations were made to evaluate
effects of non-ionizing radiations emitted from three cell phone towers (T1,
T2, and T3) of frequency bands (800, 1800, 2300 MHz), (900, 1800,
2300 MHz), and (1800 MHz), respectively. Five sites (S1–S5) were
selected near cell phone towers exhibiting different power densities. The site
with zero power density was considered as control. Effects of radiations were
studied on morphology; protein content; antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate
peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST),
guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR); and genotoxicity
using <i>Allium cepa</i>. Mean power density (μW/cm<sup>2</sup>) was recorded
as 1.05, 1.18, 1.6, 2.73, and 12.9 for sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. A
significant change in morphology, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight in <i>Allium
cepa</i> was observed under the exposure at different sites. Protein content of
roots showed significant difference for samples at all sites while bulbs at
sites S4 and S5 when compared to control. Antioxidant activity for root in
terms of APX, GST, and POD showed significant changes at S4 and S5 and GR at
site S5 and SOD at S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5. Similarly, bulbs showed significant
changes at sites S4 and S5 for APX while at sites S3, S4, and S5 for POD and
S2, S3, S4, and S5 for SOD and S5 for GR and GST. Genotoxicity study has shown
induction of abnormalities at different stages of the cell cycle in <i>Allium
cepa</i> root tips. The samples under exposure to radiation with maximum power
density have shown maximum induction of oxidative stress and genotoxicity.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38349609/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38349609/ </span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Excerpts</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Specific locations with cell phone towers were
identified using the Tarang Sanchar portal. The power density (μW/cm<sup>2</sup>)
at different sites near towers was noted manually using an electromagnetic
radiation detector (model: PCE-EM 29; make: PCE instruments, UK). Five sites
were selected following the criteria of high-power density exposure and site
with convenient experimental setup. Cell phone towers emitting radiations of
different frequency bands, viz., 800, 1800, and 2300 MHz, for Reliance Jio
900, 1800 and 2300 MHz for Airtel, and 1800 MHz for Vodafone Idea
(VI), were located at the sites of experiment. Depending upon the distance from
the cell towers, five sites near towers showed the increasing order of their
power density with decreasing distance. Site 1 showed a mean power density of
1.05 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> at a distance of 20 m from cell towers, with
an angle of </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif; font-size: 12pt;">∠</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">16.67°.
Meanwhile, site 2 recorded a mean power density of 1.18 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>
at a distance of 15 m, with an angle of </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif; font-size: 12pt;">∠</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">21.77°. Site 3
exhibited a mean power density of 1.6 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> at a distance of
10 m and an angle of </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif; font-size: 12pt;">∠</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">30.94°. Site 4 showed a mean power density of
2.73 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> at a distance of 5 m and an angle of </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif; font-size: 12pt;">∠</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">50.19°.
In contrast, site 5 displayed a higher mean power density of 12.9 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>
at distance of 1 m and an angle of </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif; font-size: 12pt;">∠</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">80.21° with an
average temperature recorded to be 20–24 °C and relative humidity of
45–50%. The specifics regarding the selection of the exposure sites are
provided in Fig. </span><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-024-12435-2#Fig1" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. Keeping all other
environmental conditions constant and altering only one parameter that is power
density, the site with zero power density is designated as the control at a
distance of 50 m and an angle of </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif; font-size: 12pt;">∠</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">6.818°.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conclusion</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The present study clearly revealed that plant
samples under exposure to electromagnetic radiations generated from cell phone
towers at varied frequencies and maximum power densities had altered
morphological and biochemical characteristics. The enhanced level of
antioxidative enzymes like APX, GST, GR, POD, and SOD during the present study
indicate the enhancement of oxidative stress and genotoxicity. The harmful
effects of exposure to non-ionizing radiations were also witnessed through
reduced protein content in test samples as compared to that of control. The
genotoxicity studies revealed that the damage by exposure to radiations was
high for root samples as compared to bulb samples indicating that root tip
cells of <i>Allium cepa</i> were sensitive bioindicators to reveal toxicity of
radiation pollution. This study is the first of its kind conducted in the field
and reveals that further advance research is the need of an hour for in-depth
understanding and devising the effective protective measures for mitigation of
the detrimental effects of radiations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A systematic review on cellular responses of
Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic irradiation</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Askaripour K, Żak A. A systematic review on
cellular responses of Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic
irradiation. Bioelectromagnetics. 2024 Jan;45(1):16-29. doi: 10.1002/bem.22484.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Highlights</span></p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
present review aims to systematically evaluate literature to reach a firm
conclusion on the causality between nonthermal electromagnetic radiation
of alternating current and biological effects in <i>Escherichia coli</i>.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
systematic review methodology by OHAT and the risk of bias tool evaluating
the validity of experimental design and conduct within research works were
followed.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">With
25 of the 114 records screened meeting the eligibility criteria, the
evidence summation was performed regarding growth rate, morphology, and
gene expression under exposure of extremely low frequency, intermediate
frequency, or radio frequency.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">With
85% of experiments in the included studies focusing on the extremely
low-frequency range, effects on growth rate, morphology, and gene
expression were supported in 74%, 80%, and 33% of the experiments,
respectively.</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Investigation of Escherichia coli under
electromagnetic fields is of significance in human studies owing to its short
doubling time and human-like DNA mechanisms. The present review aims to
systematically evaluate the literature to conclude causality between 0 and 300
GHz electromagnetic fields and biological effects in E. coli. To that end, the
OHAT methodology and risk of bias tool were employed. Exponentially growing
cells exposed for over 30 min at temperatures up to 37</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif; font-size: 12pt;">∘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">C
with fluctuations below 1</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math", serif; font-size: 12pt;">∘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">C
were included from the Web-of-Knowledge, PubMed, or EMF-Portal databases. Out
of 904 records identified, 25 articles satisfied the selection criteria, with
four excluded during internal validation. These articles examined cell growth
(11 studies), morphology (three studies), and gene regulation (11 studies).
Most experiments (85%) in the included studies focused on the extremely
low-frequency (ELF) range, with 60% specifically at 50 Hz. Changes in growth
rate were observed in 74% of ELF experiments and 71% of radio frequency (RF)
experiments. Additionally, 80% of ELF experiments showed morphology changes,
while gene expression changes were seen in 33% (ELF) and 50% (RF) experiments.
Due to the limited number of studies, especially in the intermediate frequency
and RF ranges, establishing correlations between EMF exposure and biological
effects on E. coli is not possible. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37807247/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37807247/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conclusions</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The present review systemically evaluates whether
the current literature, passing through the risk of bias tool, while fulfilling
the selection criteria defined in the PECO statement, supports an association
between nonthermal electromagnetic fields and alterations in the biological
composition and functioning of <i>E. coli</i> strains. The findings from the 21
included studies are dependent on the specific endpoints assessed, which
include cell growth, morphology, and gene expression. The conclusions are
subject to certain limitations, as the review focuses on exponentially growing
strains that were exposed to nonthermal EMFs of frequencies 0–300 GHz for a
minimum duration of 30 min.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In each study, it is possible that multiple
experiments were conducted. Among these studies, 85% of experiments (16
articles) focused on the extremely low-frequency range, with 60% specifically
examining 50 Hz. Additionally, 5% of experiments (one article) addressed the IF
range, while 10% of experiments (four articles) addressed the RF range. In the
investigation of nonthermal effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic
fields (ELF-EMF), 74% of the experiments supported the effects on growth rate
(investigated in nine articles), 80% supported the effects on morphology
(investigated in three articles), and 33% supported the effects on gene
expression (investigated in eight articles). Within the IF range, nonthermal
effects on growth rate were observed in 100% of experiments (conducted in one
article), but no experiments supported such effects on gene expression
(investigated in one article). In the RF range, 71% of experiments supported
nonthermal effects on growth rate (conducted in two articles), while 50%
supported nonthermal effects on gene expression (conducted in two articles).
Therefore, due to the limited number of studies available on the IF and RF
ranges, the reliability of the results may primarily apply to ELF-EMF,
particularly at 50 Hz.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">When experiments demonstrated biological effects,
the observed pattern varied as either beneficial or detrimental, depending on
the exposure conditions and experimental setup. For example, out of 38
experiments on growth rate, 12 showed beneficial effects while 16 showed
detrimental effects. This controversy can be explained by the concept of the <i>biological
window</i>, in which EMF may contribute to positive physiological processes.
However, if the accumulated exposure exceeds the cell-specific energy limit,
detrimental effects may prevail. Several sources exhibited inconsistencies when
observing these effects.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In terms of exposure parameters, continuity,
referring to intermittent or continuous status, had a significant effect on the
results, with pulsed signals showing a greater impact compared to sinusoidal
signals. Extremely low frequencies and radio frequencies had a major impact on
the investigated endpoints, while intermediate frequencies have received
limited research attention. The intensity and duration of exposure influenced
the absorbed energy levels, resulting in varying effects ranging from beneficial
to neutral or detrimental. Modulation may introduce significant differences
compared to unmodulated signals, depending on the modulation frequency. The
optimal measurement time point depends on the specific endpoint and
necessitates mechanistic understanding for accurate identification.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Special attention is needed regarding sufficient
and clear reports on the amount of electromagnetic irradiation absorbed by the
strains, as it can make the quantitative comparison between studies possible,
and discriminate between nondetrimental or detrimental effects. Besides,
special attention to the background electromagnetic irradiation as a confounder
and the measurement time point for allowing the outcome to develop is required.
Deficiencies associated with the risk of bias including <i>research personnel
blinded to the study group</i>, <i>randomization of exposure</i>, <i>allocation
concealment</i>, <i>attrition/exclusion bias</i>, and their possible effect on
the outcome should be considered. More mechanistic investigations regarding
cellular processes and their related genes are demanded.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Based on the limited number of studies
encompassing three different frequency ranges and three different endpoints,
the systematic review does not establish a conclusive correlation between
nonthermal exposure to electromagnetic fields and cellular alterations in <i>E.
coli</i> strains. However, future research could explore this correlation more
specifically, considering the similarity of endpoints and levels of exposure
between <i>E. coli</i> and humans. This exploration would help shed light on
the potential implications of these effects on human health.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">On the Quasistationarity of the Ambient
Electromagnetic Field Generated by Wi-Fi Sources </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Tuță L, Roșu G, Andone A, Spandole-Dinu S, Fichte
LO. On the Quasistationarity of the Ambient Electromagnetic Field Generated by
Wi-Fi Sources. <i>Electronics</i>. 2024; 13(2):301.
doi:10.3390/electronics13020301.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
recent decades, the widespread use of mobile phones and wireless technologies
has led to a significant increase in radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
(RF-EMFs), raising concerns about continuous RF-EMF exposure among the general
population. Recent research indicates that real-life RF signals are more
biologically active than controlled laboratory signals with a low variability,
suggesting that living organisms can adapt to EMF exposure when the pattern has
a low variability. However, using real-life sources with unpredictable
variation signals in biological experiments contradicts the principle of
experiment controllability. This paper aims to investigate the nature of
signals generated by current sources of ambient EMFs in terms of stationarity,
with the goal of replicating them in biological experiments to study the
effects of EMF exposure. Employing a range of statistical methodologies,
starting with descriptive statistical analysis and progressing to the advanced
APDP and APTF methods, an examination is conducted on a collection of Wi-Fi
signal recordings across various operating modes, with particular attention
given to video streaming. The chosen datasets are scrutinized with respect to
their adherence to a Gaussian distribution and the concept of stationarity. The
results indicate that the observed Wi-Fi signals lack stationarity in both the
time and frequency domains. However, based on the analytical findings, it is
possible to generate signals in frequency that authentically replicate Wi-Fi
signals, accounting for nonstationarity considerations.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conclusions</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
stationarity of electromagnetic emission sources, particularly those generating
time-varying EMFs, can significantly impact living organisms. Exposure to
nonstationary sources with dynamic signals limits an organism’s ability to
adapt to the changing stimulus. The consideration that real-life source signals
may be more biologically active raises concerns about the accuracy and
relevance of laboratory sources in experiments studying the effects of RF-EMF
exposure. However, using real-life sources with unpredictable variations
contradicts the principle of experiment controllability. The investigation into
the impact of Wi-Fi routers on living organisms is crucial, as these emission
sources exhibit either weak stationarity or nonstationarity, potentially
leading to adverse effects on human health.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
paper describes the examination of temporal variations in ambient
electromagnetic exposure emanating from Wi-Fi communication devices which
involves the application of diverse statistical methodologies. The objective is
to ascertain the stationarity of these signals. The ultimate outcome aims to
produce laboratory-controlled signals that faithfully replicate the authentic
variability observed in real-life signals generated by Wi-Fi communication
devices.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Several
datasets were obtained from various frequency-domain measurements with a
spectrum analyzer. A stationarity analysis was performed for the measured
datasets, in both time and frequency domains, using the ADPD and APTF methods. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
findings derived from the analysis using APTF and APDP indicate that the
observed Wi-Fi signals lack stationarity in both the time and frequency
domains. This outcome poses a challenge with respect to simulating Wi-Fi
signals, suggesting that the incorporation of modulations exclusive to the
802.11 standards (OFDM and DSSS), along with the introduction of Gaussian
noise, may prove insufficient for an accurate emulation of authentic Wi-Fi
signals.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">We
suggest, in this case, simulating the spectrum analyzer measurement by generating
vectors from the Pearson system of distributions, with statistical parameters
that correspond to practical measurements. The quality of these simulated Wi-Fi
waveforms will depend on the measurements used to train the algorithm. These
waveforms could be used for further EMF investigation by generating them using
a portable SDR device, without requiring a Wi-Fi router with Internet access.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/2/301" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/2/301</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Changes in honey bee nutrition after exposure to
radiofrequency electromagnetic field</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Migdal
P, Plotnik M, Bieńkowski P, Murawska A, Berbeć E, Sobkiewicz P, Zarębski K,
Latarowski K (2024). Changes in honey bee nutrition after exposure to
radiofrequency electromagnetic field. The European Zoological Journal, 91:1,
172-179. doi: 10.1080/24750263.2024.2308550.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Urban beekeeping has gained interest in recent
years. Bees placed in cities, on the roofs of buildings, are exposed to many
different sources of electromagnetic fields of different frequencies and
intensities. Knowledge about the impact of electromagnetic fields on the
physiology and behavior of insects (including honey bees) is limited. Hence,
one of the first steps was to check how radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
affect honey bees’ nutrition. The level of total proteins, glucose,
triglycerides, and TAS activity in bee hemolymph was analyzed. This is because
they indicate the honey bee’s nutrition level. The experiment involved
2-day-old Carniolan worker honey bees (</span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Apis mellifera carnica</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> L.). The
bees were exposed to fields of 12 V/m, 28 V/m, and 61 V/m for 0.25, 1 and 3 h.
Hemolymph was taken from 40 alive worker honey bees from each group immediately
after exposure, by removing the antennae with sterile tweezers. The activity of
biochemical markers (total proteins, TAS, and triglycerides) in the bee
hemolymph in 12 V/m and 28 V/m groups showed statistically significant
differences compared to the control group in most cases. According to our own
research, radiofrequency electromagnetic fields disturb honey bee nutrition.
The changes in the analyzed indicators may have long-term effects.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24750263.2024.2308550" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24750263.2024.2308550</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Studies of the Electromagnetic Background at the
Antarctic Vostok Station </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Shurshakov VA, Belov EV, Ilyin EA, <i>et al.</i>
Studies of the Electromagnetic Background at the Antarctic Vostok Station. <i>Hum
Physiol</i> <b>49</b>, 906–909 (2023). doi: 10.1134/S0362119723070216.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The electromagnetic background was measured in
the living quarters of the Vostok Station located on the Antarctic plateau
distant from the potential sources of technogenic electromagnetic fields. The
level of E-radiation in the range from 0.8 to 8 GHz was determined using a MERA
integral dosimeter. Based on the results of long-term continuous (one to 4
months) measurements, the mean flux density was equal to 1.5 ± 0.8 nWt/cm,
which is nearly 7000 times lower than the admissible level for population
adopted in Russia. The Antarctic Vostok Station can be considered as a
plausible location for biomedical investigations into the effects of low-frequency
electromagnetic radiation. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conclusions</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(1) The EFD values of technogenic EMR in the
living quarters of the Vostok Station are 7 thousand times below the regulatory
standards for EMR in the Russian Federation. This fact indicates that the
long-term stay of people at the Vostok Station is safe as regards the sanitary
standards for EMR. [The Russian regulatory standards for EMR 0.3–300 GHz are
1000 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> for personnel and 10 μW/cm<sup>2 </sup>for the
population.]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(2) The daily dynamics of the main frequencies in
EMR EFD variability and its dependence on solar activity have been revealed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(3) Since the members of polar expeditions at the
Vostok Station perform daily outdoor work (up to 1.5 h), it would be
reasonable for future expeditions to measure the EFD of EMR in an open area,
which will allow estimating the natural (background) level of EMR EFD in the
vicinity of the station.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Antarctic Vostok Station can be considered as
one of the possible places for conducting biomedical research under the
conditions of reduced electromagnetic radiation flux.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0362119723070216" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0362119723070216</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Shortwave radiation-induced reproductive organ damage
in male rats by enhanced expression of molecules associated with the
calpain/Cdk5 pathway and oxidative stress</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Yao
B, Men J, Liu S, Bai Y, Yu C, Gao Y, Xu X, Zhao L, Zhang J, Wang H, Li Y, Peng
R. Shortwave radiation-induced reproductive organ damage in male rats by
enhanced expression of molecules associated with the calpain/Cdk5 pathway and
oxidative stress. Electromagn Biol Med. 2023 Oct 2;42(4):150-162. doi:
10.1080/15368378.2023.2296896. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Shortwave radiation has been reported to have harmful
effects on several organs in humans and animals. However, the biological
effects of 27 MHz shortwave on the reproductive system are not clear. In this
study, we investigated the effects of shortwave whole-body exposure at a
frequency of 27 MHz on structural and functional changes in the testis. Male
Wistar rats were exposed to 27 MHz continuous shortwaves at average power
densities of 0, 5, 10, or 30 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> for 6 min. The levels of
insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb) in the
peripheral serum, sperm motility, sperm malformation rate, and testicular
tissue structure of rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the activity of superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, calpain, and
Cdk5 expression were analyzed at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure. We
observed that the rats after radiation had decreased serum INSL3 levels (<i>p</i>
< 0.01), increased AsAb levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), decreased percentage of
class A+B sperm (<i>p</i> < 0.01 or <i>p</i> < 0.05), increased sperm
malformation (<i>p</i> < 0.01 or <i>p</i> < 0.05), injured testicular
tissue structure, decreased SOD and CAT activities (<i>p</i> < 0.01 or <i>p</i>
< 0.05), increased MDA content (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and testicular tissue
expressions of calpain1, calpain2, and Cdk5 were increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01
or <i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, Shortwave radiation caused functional
and structural damage to the reproductive organs of male rats. Furthermore,
oxidative stress and key molecules in the calpain/Cdk5 pathway are likely
involved in this process. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Plain
language summary </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Shortwave radiation has been used in
communications, medical and military applications, and its damaging effects on
several organs of the human body have been reported in the literature. However,
the biological effects of shortwave radiation on the male reproductive system
are unknown. The present study, by constructing an animal model of short-wave
radiation and analyzing the experimental results, revealed that shortwave
radiation could cause functional and structural damage to the reproductive organs
of male rats, and that oxidative stress and key molecules in the calpain/Cdk5
pathway might be involved in this process. It will provide organizational data
for further studies on the mechanisms of male reproductive damage by shortwave
radiation. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38155529/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38155529/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Effects of 3.5-GHz radiofrequency radiation on
energy-regulatory hormone levels in the blood and adipose tissue</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bektas H, Dasdag S, Altindag F, Akdag MZ, Yegin
K, Algul S. Effects of 3.5-GHz radiofrequency radiation on energy-regulatory
hormone levels in the blood and adipose tissue. Bioelectromagnetics. 2024 Feb
18. doi: 10.1002/bem.22498. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In recent years exposure of living beings to
radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from wireless equipment has increased.
In this study, we investigated the effects of 3.5-GHz RFR on hormones that
regulate energy metabolism in the body. Twenty-eight rats were divided into
four groups: healthy sham (n = 7), healthy RFR (n = 7), diabetic sham (n = 7),
and diabetic RFR (n = 7). Over a month, each group spent 2 h/day in a Plexiglas
carousel. The rats in the experimental group were exposed to RFR, but the sham
groups were not. At the end of the experiment, blood and adipose tissues were
collected from euthanized rats. Total antioxidant, total oxidant, hydrogen
peroxide, ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and irisin were determined. Insulin expression
in pancreatic tissues was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Whole body
specific absorption rate was 37 mW/kg. For the parameters analyzed in blood and
fat, the estimated effect size varied within the ranges of 0.215-0.929 and
0.503-0.839, respectively. The blood and adipose nesfatin-1 (p = 0.002), blood
and pancreatic insulin are decreased, (p = 0.001), gherelin (p = 0.020), irisin
(p = 0.020), and blood glucose (p = 0.040) are increased in healthy and
diabetic rats exposed to RFR. While nesfatin-1 are negatively correlated with
oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and insulin, ghrelin and irisin are positively
correlated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. Thus, RFR may have
deleterious effects on energy metabolism, particularly in the presence of
diabetes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38369591/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38369591/</span></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican
Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood
leukemia </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Duarte-Rodríguez
DA, Flores-Lujano J, McNally RJQ, Pérez-Saldivar ML, Jiménez-Hernández E,
Martín-Trejo JA, Espinoza-Hernández LE, Medina-Sanson A, Paredes-Aguilera R,
Merino-Pasaye LE, Velázquez-Aviña MM, Torres-Nava JR, Espinosa-Elizondo RM,
Amador-Sánchez R, Dosta-Herrera JJ, Mondragón-García JA, González-Ulibarri JE,
Martínez-Silva SI, Espinoza-Anrubio G, Paz-Bribiesca MM, Salcedo-Lozada P,
Landa-García RÁ, Ramírez-Colorado R, Hernández-Mora L, Santamaría-Ascencio M,
López-Loyola A, Godoy-Esquivel AH, García-López LR, Anguiano-Ávalos AI, Mora-Rico
K, Castañeda-Echevarría A, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Cibrian-Cruz JA,
Solís-Labastida KA, Cárdenas-Cardos R, López-Santiago N, Flores-Villegas LV,
Peñaloza-González JG, González-Ávila AI, Sánchez-Ruiz M, Rivera-Luna R,
Rodríguez-Villalobos LR, Hernández-Pérez F, Olvera-Durán JÁ, García-Cortés LR,
Mata-Rocha M, Sepúlveda-Robles OA, Bekker-Méndez VC, Jiménez-Morales S,
Meléndez-Zajgla J, Rosas-Vargas H, Vega E, Núñez-Enríquez JC, Mejía-Aranguré
JM. Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group
for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia. Front Oncol. 2024
Feb 14;14:1304633. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1304633</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Background:
A heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic
leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of
different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore
the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City
(GMC).<br />
<br />
Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted. Children <18
years old, newly diagnosed with ALL and residents of GMC were included.
Controls were patients without leukemia recruited from second-level public
hospitals, frequency-matched by sex, age, and health institution with the
cases. The residence address where the patients lived during the last year
before diagnosis (cases) or the interview (controls) was used for geolocation.
Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters (SCs).
Relative risks (RR), associated p-value and number of cases included for each
cluster were obtained.<br />
<br />
Results: A total of 1054 cases with ALL were analyzed. Of these, 408 (38.7%)
were distributed across eight SCs detected. A relative risk of 1.61
(p<0.0001) was observed for the main cluster. Similar results were noted for
the remaining seven ones. Additionally, a proximity between SCs, electrical
installations and petrochemical facilities was observed.<br />
<br />
Conclusions: The identification of SCs in certain regions of GMC suggest the
possible role of environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1304633/full" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1304633/full</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">International study of childhood leukemia in
residences near electrical transformer rooms </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Crespi CM, Sudan M, Juutilainen J, Roivainen P,
Hareuveny R, Huss A, Kandel S, Karim-Kos HE, Thuróczy G, Jakab Z, Spycher BD,
Flueckiger B, Vermeulen R, Vergara X, Kheifets L. International study of
childhood leukemia in residences near electrical transformer rooms. Environ
Res. 2024 Feb 10:118459. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118459. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Objectives:
New epidemiologic approaches are needed to reduce the scientific uncertainty
surrounding the association between extremely low frequency magnetic fields
(ELF-MF) and childhood leukemia. While most previous studies focused on power
lines, the Transformer Exposure study sought to assess this association using a
multi-country study of children who had lived in buildings with built-in
electrical transformers. ELF-MF in apartments above built-in transformers can
be 5 times higher than in other apartments in the same building. This novel
study design aimed to maximize the inclusion of highly exposed children while
minimising the potential for selection bias.<br />
<br />
Methods: We assessed associations between residential proximity to transformers
and risk of childhood leukemia using registry based matched case-control data
collected in five countries. Exposure was based on the location of the
subject's apartment relative to the transformer, coded as high (above or adjacent
to transformer), intermediate (same floor as apartments in high category), or
unexposed (other apartments). Relative risk (RR) for childhood leukemia was
estimated using conditional logistic and mixed logistic regression with a
random effect for case-control set.<br />
<br />
Results: Data pooling across countries yielded 16 intermediate and 3 highly
exposed cases. RRs were 1.0 (95% CI: 0.5, 1.9) for intermediate and 1.1 (95%
CI: 0.3, 3.8) for high exposure in the conditional logistic model. In the mixed
logistic model, RRs were 1.4 (95% CI: 0.8, 2.5) for intermediate and 1.3 (95%
CI: 0.4, 4.4) for high. Data of the most influential country showed RRs of 1.1
(95% CI: 0.5, 2.4) and 1.7 (95% CI: 0.4, 7.2) for intermediate (8 cases) and
high (2 cases) exposure.<br />
<br />
Discussion: Overall, evidence for an elevated risk was weak. However, small
numbers and wide confidence intervals preclude strong conclusions and a risk of
the magnitude observed in power line studies cannot be excluded.</span><a href="http://goog_532976015" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38346482/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38346482/</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The role of curcumin during pregnancy on the
exposed fetuses' tissues of Wistar rats to electromagnetic field </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Kalantar MH, Bayat PD, Ghaffari Khaligh S,
Soleimani H. The role of curcumin during pregnancy on the exposed fetuses'
tissues of Wistar rats to electromagnetic field. Electromagn Biol Med. 2024 Feb
17:1-10. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2315214. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">To investigate curcumin (CUR) as the protector
against the harmful effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field(LF- EMF, 50
Hz) during pregnancy period, 5 males and 15 females of Wistar rat mated and
vaginal plaques were observed. Then, the pregnant rats were divided into six
groups. During pregnancy(21 days), the EMF group was exposed to EMF for 30
min/day, the CUR group received a single dose of 50 mg/kg/daily CUR
intraperitoneal, the EMF+CUR group was injected CUR and exposed to EMF daily.
The DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide) group was injected solvent of CUR (DMSO)
intraperitoneal with the same volume of CUR solvent, the sham group was placed
through the solenoid in the same conditions as the first group without exposure
and the control group was kept in their cage in normal condition. After four
weeks, babies born were divided according to the mother groups and sacrificed.
Then, the three tissues injuries were investigated. EMF exposure led to an
increase in outstanding necrotic areas in hippocampal tissue, an increase in
the amount of hyperemia(<i>p</i> = 0.017) and necrotic(<i>p</i> = 0.005) in
kidneys, and degeneration in liver tissue(<i>p</i> = 0.007) in the EMF group
compared with EMF+CUR groups. A single dose of CUR daily during pregnancy can
protect these tissues from injuries caused by LF-EMF exposure in rat fetuses. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Plain
language summary </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are able to
penetrate and be absorbed by the body. The researchers showed that these
radiations might be harmful and lead to cancers, cardiovascular diseases,
mental disorders, and fetal abnormalities. Curcumin as an active component in
turmeric has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemia properties.
It can protect the body against diseases such as arthritis, anxiety, and
metabolic syndrome. This study examined the effects of curcumin as the
protector against the harmful effects of EMF (50Hz) during pregnancy period. So
the pregnant rats were divided into six groups. During pregnancy, a group was
exposed to EMF for 30 min/day, the second group was injected a dose of curcumin
50mg/kg/daily, the third group was injected curcumin and exposed to EMF daily.
The fourth group was injected a curcumin solvent dose, the sham group was
placed through the field generator in the same conditions as the first group
without exposure and the control group was kept in their cage in normal
condition. After four weeks, babies born were divided according to the mother
groups and sacrificed. Then, the liver, kidney, and hippocampal tissues were
investigated. EMF exposure led to an outstanding increase in necrotic areas in
hippocampal tissue, a notable increase in the amount of hyperemia and necrosis
in kidneys, and degeneration in liver tissue(<i>p</i>=0.007) in the EMF group
compared with the third group that was exposed to EMF and received curcumin. A
single dose of curcumin daily during pregnancy can protect these tissues from
injuries caused by EMF(50Hz) exposure in rat fetuses. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38366892/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38366892/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Extremely low-frequency EMF facilitate both
osteoblast and osteoclast activity through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the
zebrafish scale</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Kobayashi-Sun J, Kobayashi I, Kashima M, Hirayama
J, Kakikawa M, Yamada S, Suzuki N. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic
fields facilitate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity through Wnt/β-catenin
signaling in the zebrafish scale. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Feb 7;12:1340089.
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1340089. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have received
widespread attention as effective, noninvasive, and safe therapies across a
range of clinical applications for bone disorders. However, due to the various
frequencies of devices, their effects on tissues/cells are vary, which has been
a bottleneck in understanding the effects of EMFs on bone tissue. Here, we
developed an <i>in vivo</i> model system using zebrafish scales to investigate
the effects of extremely low-frequency EMFs (ELF-EMFs) on fracture healing.
Exposure to 10 millitesla (mT) of ELF-EMFs at 60 Hz increased the number of
both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the fractured scale, whereas 3 or 30 mT did
not. Gene expression analysis revealed that exposure to 10 mT ELF-EMFs
upregulated <i>wnt10b</i> and Wnt target genes in the fractured scale.
Moreover, <i>β</i>-catenin expression was enhanced by ELF-EMFs predominantly at
the fracture site of the zebrafish scale. Inhibition of Wnt/<i>β</i>-catenin
signaling by IWR-1-endo treatment reduced both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in
the fractured scale exposed to ELF-EMFs. These results suggest that ELF-EMFs
promote both osteoblast and osteoclast activity through activation of Wnt/<i>β</i>-catenin
signaling in fracture healing. Our data provide <i>in vivo</i> evidence that
ELF-EMFs generated with a widely used commercial AC power supply have a
facilitative effect on fracture healing. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1340089/full" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1340089/full</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Influence of Magnetic Fields, Including the
Planetary Magnetic Field, on Complex Life Forms: How Do Biological Systems
Function in This Field and in Electromagnetic Fields? </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Hart DA. The Influence of Magnetic Fields,
Including the Planetary Magnetic Field, on Complex Life Forms: How Do
Biological Systems Function in This Field and in Electromagnetic Fields? <i>Biophysica</i>.
2024; 4(1):1-21. doi: 10.3390/biophysica4010001.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Life
on Earth evolved to accommodate the biochemical and biophysical boundary
conditions of the planet millions of years ago. The former includes nutrients,
water, and the ability to synthesize other needed chemicals. The latter
includes the 1 g gravity of the planet, radiation, and the geomagnetic field
(GMF) of the planet. How complex life forms have accommodated the GMF is not
known in detail, considering that Homo sapiens evolved a neurological system, a
neuromuscular system, and a cardiovascular system that developed
electromagnetic fields as part of their functioning. Therefore, all of these
could be impacted by magnetic fields. In addition, many proteins and
physiologic processes utilize iron ions, which exhibit magnetic properties.
Thus, complex organisms, such as humans, generate magnetic fields, contain
significant quantities of iron ions, and respond to exogenous static and
electromagnetic fields. Given the current body of literature, it remains
somewhat unclear if Homo sapiens use exogenous magnetic fields to regulate
function and what can happen if the boundary condition of the GMF no longer
exerts an effect. Proposed deep space flights to destinations such as Mars will
provide some insights, as space flight could not have been anticipated by
evolution. The results of such space flight “experiments” will provide new
insights into the role of magnetic fields on human functioning. This review
will discuss the literature regarding the involvement of magnetic fields in
various normal and disturbed processes in humans while on Earth and then
further discuss potential outcomes when the GMF is no longer present to impact
host systems, as well as the limitations in the current knowledge. The GMF has
been present throughout evolution, but many details of its role in human
functioning remain to be elucidated, and how humans have adapted to such fields
in order to develop and retain function remains to be elucidated. Why this
understudied area has not received the attention required to elucidate the
critical information remains a conundrum for both health professionals and
those embarking on space flight. However, proposed deep space flights to
destinations such as Mars may provide the environments to test and assess the
potential roles of magnetic fields in human functioning.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4125/4/1/1" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4125/4/1/1</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Do electromagnetic fields from subsea power
cables effect benthic elasmobranch behaviour? A risk-based approach for the
Dutch Continental Shelf </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Hermans
A, Winter HV, Gill AB, Murk AJ. Do electromagnetic fields from subsea power
cables effect benthic elasmobranch behaviour? A risk-based approach for the
Dutch Continental Shelf. Environ Pollut. 2024 Feb 13:123570. doi:
10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123570. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Subsea
power cables cause electromagnetic fields (EMFs) into the marine environment.
Elasmobranchs (rays, skates, sharks) are particularly sensitive to EMFs as they
use electromagnetic-receptive sensory systems for orientation, navigation, and
locating conspecifics or buried prey. Cables may intersect with egg laying
sites, mating, pupping, and nursery grounds, foraging habitat and migration
routes of elasmobranchs and the effects of encountering EMFs on species of
elasmobranchs are largely unknown. Demonstrated behavioural effects are
attraction, disturbance and indifference, depending on EMF characteristics,
exposed life stage, exposure level and duration. We estimated exposure levels
of elasmobranchs to subsea power cable EMFs, based on modelled magnetic fields
in the Dutch Continental Shelf and compared these to reported elasmobranch
sensory sensitivity ranges and experimental effect levels. We conclude that the
risk from subsea power cables has a large uncertainty and varies per life stage
and species ecology. Based on estimated no-observed effect levels (from 10<sup>-3</sup>
to 10<sup>-1</sup> μT) we discuss what will probably be the most affected
species and life stage for six common benthic elasmobranchs in the Southern
North Sea. We then identify critical knowledge gaps for reducing the
uncertainty in the risk assessments for EMFs effects on benthic elasmobranchs. </span><a href="http://goog_1712381444" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38360387/" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38360387/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A Boundary Element Method of Bidomain Modeling
for Predicting Cellular Responses to Electromagnetic Fields </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Czerwonky
DM, Aberra AS, Gomez LJ. A Boundary Element Method of Bidomain Modeling for
Predicting Cellular Responses to Electromagnetic Fields. bioRxiv [Preprint].
2023 Dec 16:2023.12.15.571917. doi: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571917. (preprint, not
peer-reviewed)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Objective:
Commonly used cable equation-based approaches for determining the effects of
electromagnetic fields on excitable cells make several simplifying assumptions
that could limit their predictive power. Bidomain or "whole" finite
element methods have been developed to fully couple cells and electric fields
for more realistic neuron modeling. Here, we introduce a novel bidomain
integral equation designed for determining the full electromagnetic coupling
between stimulation devices and the intracellular, membrane, and extracellular
regions of neurons.<br />
<br />
Methods: Our proposed boundary element formulation offers a solution to an
integral equation that connects the device, tissue inhomogeneity, and cell
membrane-induced E-fields. We solve this integral equation using first-order
nodal elements and an unconditionally stable Crank-Nicholson time-stepping
scheme. To validate and demonstrate our approach, we simulated cylindrical
Hodgkin-Huxley axons and spherical cells in multiple brain stimulation
scenarios.<br />
<br />
Main results: Comparison studies show that a boundary element approach produces
accurate results for both electric and magnetic stimulation. Unlike bidomain
finite element methods, the bidomain boundary element method does not require
volume meshes containing features at multiple scales. As a result, modeling
cells, or tightly packed populations of cells, with microscale features
embedded in a macroscale head model, is made computationally tractable, and the
relative placement of devices and cells can be varied without the need to
generate a new mesh.<br />
<br />
Significance: Device-induced electromagnetic fields are commonly used to modulate
brain activity for research and therapeutic applications. Bidomain solvers
allow for the full incorporation of realistic cell geometries, device E-fields,
and neuron populations. Thus, multi-cell studies of advanced neuronal
mechanisms would greatly benefit from the development of fast-bidomain solvers
to ensure scalability and the practical execution of neural network simulations
with realistic neuron morphologies.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.571917v1" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.571917v1</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Static magnetic fields as a factor in
modification of tissue and cell structure: a review </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Saletnik
BA, Puchalska-Sarna A, Saletnik A, Lipa T, Dobrzański B, Puchalski C. Static
magnetic fields as a factor in modification of tissue and cell structure: a
review. <i>Int. Agrophys.</i> 2024;38(1):43-75. doi:10.31545/intagr/176998.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Highlights</span></p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
static magnetic field (SMF) is an indispensable factor in the natural
environment.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A
moderate SMF in the most commonly used range of 2–80 mT has a potential
application in the formation and re-modeling of plants and animals,
including human cells.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SMFs
can significantly change the potential of the cell membrane, and thus can
have a significant impact on the properties of the cell.</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">This
review is intended to contribute to the evidence of the effects of static
magnetic field on cells and tissue, as well as to present research results that
will elucidate the complex matters involved in the formation and remodeling of
cells. The cell characteristics studied in the papers that are reviewed include
cell viability and proliferation, aggregation and their differentiation,
structure and membrane potential. A moderate static magnetic field in the most
commonly used range of 2-80 mT has potential application in the formation and
remodeling of plant and human cells. However, in the case of cancer cells, the
range of fields commonly used was 0.2-9 T. Magnetism promotes changes in plant
cell growth, which prompts the cell to proliferate, thereby ensuring an
increased rate of biomass production. Some research presented the enhancement
of the differentiation of plant cells and skeletal muscle tissue by over 30% at
80 mT static magnetic field. Changes in the cell cycle and growth reflect
directly on the cell number and viability and provide useful information to
detect modifications in the cell machinery. Static magnetic field, depending on
its intensity, enhances cell proliferation and thus may improve, among other
processes, tissue regeneration, wound healing and the inhibition of cancer cell
proliferation. Researchers showed, among other things, that cells under the
influence of static magnetic field changed their shape, had a larger
chloroplast, stiffer cell wall, density of the cytoskeleton and cytoplasm
contained several mitochondria. Numerous studies also discussed the behavior of
the cell membrane of plant and animal organisms, including humans, under the
influence of a static magnetic field. The effects of static magnetic field on
the cell membrane of plant and human cells were similar. The research results
indicate that static magnetic fields can significantly change membrane
depolarization and its potential that regulates ion movement and thus can have
a significant impact on the properties and biological functionality of the
cell. Studies have shown that continuous application of static magnetic field
caused deformation and damage of cell membrane. Based on the theoretical
analyses presented also in this review, it can be concluded that static
magnetic field affects cells and tissue, giving them changes in properties and
behaviors and modulates, e.g. in the activity of ion channels. Thus it may
produce effects leading to changes in the functioning of the cell. It is
possible to formulate directions for further research aimed at using static
magnetic fields for the non-invasive remodeling and formation of plant and
human cells.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Static-magnetic-fields-as-a-factor-in-modification-of-tissue-and-cell-structure-a,176998,0,2.html" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Static-magnetic-fields-as-a-factor-in-modification-of-tissue-and-cell-structure-a,176998,0,2.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The biological effects of terahertz wave
radiation-induced injury on neural stem cells </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Wang
Y, Xiong Y, Chen M, Liu F, He H, Ma Q, Gao P, Xiang G, Zhang L. The biological
effects of terahertz wave radiation-induced injury on neural stem cells. iScience.
2023 Jul 18;26(10):107418. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107418. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Abstract</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Terahertz
(THz) is an electromagnetic wave with a radiation wavelength range of 30-3000
μm and a frequency of 0.1-10 THz. With the development of new THz sources and
devices, THz has been widely applied in various fields. However, there are few
studies on biological effects of THz irradiation on the human neural stem cells
(hNSCs) and mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs), which need to be further studied.
We studied the biological effects of THz radiation on hNSCs and mNSCs. The
effects of THz irradiation time and average output power on the proliferation,
apoptosis, and DNA damage of NSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry and
immunofluorescence. The results showed that the proliferation and apoptosis of
NSCs were dose-dependently affected by THz irradiation time and average output
power. The proliferation of hNSCs was more vulnerable to damage and apoptosis
was more serious under the same terahertz irradiation conditions compared to those
of mNSCs. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Open
access paper: </span><a href="https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(23)01495-5" style="color: blue;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(23)01495-5</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><u><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/10/tips-to-reduce-your-wireless-radiation.html" target="_blank">Tips to Reduce Your Wireless Radiation Exposure</a></u></b></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/10/tips-to-reduce-your-wireless-radiation.html" target="_blank"></a></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>General</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/03/welcome-to-emr-safety.html" target="_blank">Welcome to EMR Safety</a></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/04/EMR-Safety.html" target="_blank">Featured News Stories</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2024/01/overview-of-older-contents.html">Overview of Older Contents</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2023/09/Is-5G-Harmful-Webinar.html" target="_blank">"Radiofrequency Radiation and Your Health: Is 5G Harmful?"</a> (Joel Moskowitz, Federal Mobility Group webinar / video & slides, 2023)</span><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/10/health-effects-of-cellphone-cell-tower.html">"Health Effects of Cellphone & Cell Tower Radiation: Implications for 5G"</a> (Joel Moskowitz, UC Center for Occupational & Environmental Health webinar / video & slides, 2021)</span><div><div><br /></div><div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/10/international-commission-on-biological.html" style="color: #2823a3;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (ICBE-EMF)</span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/07/international-scientist-appeal-on.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">International EMF Scientist Appeal</a><span style="font-family: arial;"> - see also </span><a href="https://emfscientist.org/" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">https://emfscientist.org/</a><span style="font-family: arial;"> (video)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"<a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/08/cellphone-radiation-health-risks-dr.html" target="_blank">Cellphone radiation is harmful, but few want to believe it</a>" (Joel Moskowitz, UC Berkeley News, 2021)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/mobilize-film-about-cell-phone-radiation.html">Mobilize:
A Film About Cell Phone Radiation</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (documentary video)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><o:p><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/04/wireless-radiation-tv-news.html" target="_blank">Wireless Radiation TV News Coverage</a> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(300+ TV news videos)</span></o:p><br />
<br /></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/01/overview-articles.html" target="_blank">Overview Articles</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: start;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b>
<b>5G: Health and Environmental Impact</b><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/WashSpectator.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">"Regulators Steamroll Health Concerns as the Global Economy Embraces 5G" (Washington Spectator)</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/10/5G-Scientific-American.html" target="_blank">"We Have No Reason to Believe 5G is Safe" (Scientific American)</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/02/will-scientific-american-clear-up.html">Scientific American Created Confusion about 5G's Safety: Will They Clear It Up?</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/09/5g-wireless-technology-is-5g-harmful-to.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G Wireless Technology: Is 5G Harmful to Our Health?</span></a></div></div>
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<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/08/5g-wireless-technology-millimeter-wave.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G Wireless Technology: Millimeter Wave Health Effects</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/09/5G-moratorium12.html" target="_blank">Scientists and Doctors Demand Moratorium on 5G</a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/11/GAO-5G-Report-2020.html" target="_blank">Government Accountability Office (GAO) 2020 Report on 5G</a></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/11/5g-and-health-netherlands-health-council.html" target="_blank">5G and Health (Netherlands Health Council)</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/12/european-parliament-workshop-on-5g.html" target="_blank">European Parliament: 5G Health Effects and Environmental Impact</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/11/5g-wireless-technology-cutting-through.html" target="_blank">5G Wireless Technology: Cutting Through the Hype</a></span><br /></span></div></div><div style="text-align: start;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/cell-tower-health-effects.html" target="_blank">Cell Tower Health Effects</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Mobile Phone
Health Effects<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/08/key-cell-phone-radiation-research.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Key Cell Phone Radiation Research Studies</span></a><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/06/recent-research-on-wireless-radiation.html" target="_blank">Recent Research on Wireless Radiation and Electromagnetic Fields</a> (since 2016)</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Cancer or Tumor Risk</b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> Animal Studies</b></span><br />
<a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/11/NTP-final-reports31.html" style="text-indent: -15px;" target="_blank">NTP Cell Phone Radiation Study: Final Reports</a><br /></span><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/06/national-toxicology-program-not-first.html" target="_blank">NTP: Not the First Govt. Study to Find Wireless Radiation Can Cause Cancer in Lab Rats</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/03/RI-study-on-cell-phone.html" target="_blank">Ramazzini Institute Cell Phone Radiation Study Replicates NTP Study</a></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> Head and Neck Tumor Risk</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/11/new-review-study-tumor-risk.html" target="_blank">New review study finds that heavier cell phone use increases tumor risk</a></div></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/03/expert-report-by-former-us-government.html" target="_blank">Expert report by former U.S. govt. official: High probability RF radiation causes brain tumors</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/CarlbergHardell2017" target="_blank">Cell phone and cordless phone use causes brain cancer: New review</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/04/who-monograph-on-cancer-risk-from.html" target="_blank">WHO Monograph on Cancer Risk from Mobile Phone Use</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/06/storyline-vs-rest-of-story-brain-cancer.html" target="_blank">Storyline vs. Rest-of-the-story: Brain cancer incidence, cellphone use & trends data</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/04/acoustic-neuroma-and-cell-phone-use.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Acoustic Neuroma and Cell Phone Use</a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/07/is-mobile-phone-use-contributing-to.html" target="_blank">Thyroid Cancer and Mobile Phone Use</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/12/cell-phone-use-and-salivary-gland-tumor.html" target="_blank">Cell Phone Use and Salivary Gland Tumor Risk</a></span><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/05/mobi-kids-childhood-brain-tumor-risk.html">MOBI-KIDS: Childhood Brain Tumor Risk & Mobile Phone Use Study</a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/03/the-uk-million-women-study-of-cell.html" target="_blank">The UK Million Women Study of Cell Phone Use and Brain Tumor Risk</a></span><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <br />
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Brain Tumor Incidence</span></b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/05/brain-tumor-rates-are-rising-in-us-role.html">Brain Tumor Rates Are Rising in the US:</a> </span><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/05/brain-tumor-rates-are-rising-in-us-role.html">The Role of Cellphone & Cordless Phone Use</a><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/03/brain-tumor-incidence-trends.html" target="_blank">Trends in Brain Tumor Incidence Outside the U.S.</a><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/the-incidence-of-meningioma-non.html">The Incidence of Meningioma, a Non-Malignant Brain Tumor, is Increasing in the U.S.</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;">Reproductive Harm</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/09/effect-of-mobile-phones-on-sperm.html" target="_blank">Effect of Mobile Phones on Sperm Quality</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/06/joint-statement-on-pregnancy-and.html" target="_blank">Pregnancy & Wireless Radiation Risks</a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/03/is-cell-phone-radiation-risk-factor-for.html" target="_blank">Female Infertility & Cell Phone Radiation</a></span></span></div></span></div>
<br /><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Other Health Risks</b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/03/wireless-radiation-effects-on-immune-system.html" style="color: #8a7ca1; font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Research on Wireless Radiation Exposure to the Immune System</a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2016/05/does-long-term-exposure-to-4g-lte-cell.html" target="_blank">Does long-term exposure to 4G LTE cell phone radiation impair cell phone users' health?</a></span><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/11/effects-of-cell-phone-use-on-adolescents.html" target="_blank">Effects of Cell Phone Use on Adolescents</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/12/research-on-smart-phone-and-internet.html">Research on Smart Phone and Internet Addiction</a></span><br /><br />
</span><div><u style="color: #0000ee; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2014/10/electromagnetic-hypersensitivity_30.html" target="_blank">Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity (EHS)</a></u></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/05/EHSsubmissionstoFCC.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Symptoms Experienced by Persons with EHS (FCC Docket #13-84)</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/11/the-havana-syndrome.html" target="_blank">The "Havana syndrome": A special case of electrohypersensitivity</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/10/does-wireless-radiation-from-cell.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Does Cell Phone and Wi-Fi Radiation Cause Alzheimer's Disease?</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/08/cellphone-use-may-be-harmful-for-people.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cellphone use may be harmful for people with dental braces</span></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Cell Phone and Wireless Radiation</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/09/whats-wrong-with-cell-phone-radiation.html" target="_blank"><br /></a></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/04/wireless-radiation-exposure-limits.html"><span style="font-family: arial;">Wireless Radiation Exposure Limits</span></a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/10/international-commission-on-biological.html" style="background-color: white; color: #2823a3;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (ICBE-EMF)</span></a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/07/study-wireless-radiation-exposure-for.html" target="_blank">Study: Wireless radiation exposure for children should be hundreds of times lower than federal limits</a> (based on NTP study)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/09/whats-wrong-with-cell-phone-radiation.html" target="_blank">What's Wrong with Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits?</a> (SAR)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/07/children-are-more-exposed-to-cell-phone.html" target="_blank">Children are more exposed to cell phone radio-frequency radiation than adults</a><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Wireless Radiation Health Risks</span></b></div></div><div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/cell-tower-health-effects.html" target="_blank">Cell Tower Health Effects</a><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/03/cell-phone-towers-are-largest.html" target="_blank">Cell Phone Towers are Largest Contributor to Environmental Radiofrequency Radiation</a></span></span></div></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/09/recent-research-on-wifi-effects.html" target="_blank">Recent Research on WiFi Effects</a></span></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/02/wi-fi-in-schools-other-public-places.html" target="_blank">Wi-Fi in Schools & Other Public Places</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/03/council-of-europe-called-for-council-of.html">Council of Europe: Restrict Wi-Fi and Mobile Phone Use in Schools</a></span></div></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/07/shouldnt-hybrid-and-electric-cars-be-re.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Hybrid & Electric Cars: Electromagnetic Radiation Risks</a></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/07/international-perspective-on-health.html" target="_blank">International Perspective on Health Effects of Low Intensity Non-Ionizing Radiation</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/07/recent-research.html" target="_blank">Recent Research on Wireless Radiation and Electromagnetic Fields</a> (since 2016)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/02/effects-of-exposure-to-electromagnetic.html" target="_blank">Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields </a>(studies published from </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">1990 - 2024)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/10/powerwatchlist.html" target="_blank">Power Watch: 1,670 Scientific Papers on EMF</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (1979 - 2018)</span><br /><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/02/genetic-effects-of-non-ionizing.html">Genetic effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields</a><br />
<a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/03/wireless-radiation-effects-on-immune-system.html" target="_blank">Research on Wireless Radiation Exposure to the Immune System</a><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Environmental Health Risks (Effects on Other Species)</span></b></div><div><br /></div></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: start;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/05/EMF-wildlife.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Electromagnetic fields threaten wildlife</a></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: start;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/07/effects-of-wireless-radiation-on-birds.html" target="_blank">Effects of Wireless Radiation on Birds and Other Wildlife</a></span></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div><br /></div></div></span></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: start;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Product Safety</b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/01/buyer-beware-cell-phone-radiation.html" target="_blank">Buyer Beware: Cell Phone Radiation-Reducing Products</a><br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/03/cell-phone-cases-can-increase-radiation.html" target="_blank">Cell Phone Cases Can Increase Radiation Exposure</a></span></div></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/09/airpods-are-apples-new-wireless-earbuds.html" target="_blank">AirPods: Are Apple’s New Wireless Earbuds Safe?</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (Blood-brain barrier effects)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/09/new-apple-watch-reignites-concerns-over.html" target="_blank">New Apple Watch Reignites Concerns over Cell Phone Radiation</a><br /><br /></span></div></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Power Line Frequencies (Extremely Low Frequency Fields)</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/02/effects-of-exposure-to-electromagnetic.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields</a><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(studies published from </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">1990 - 2024)</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/10/powerwatchlist.html" target="_blank">PowerWatch: 1,670 Scientific Papers on EMF</a> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(1979 - 2018)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/12/cancer-risk-from-exposure-to-power.html" target="_blank">Cancer Risks from Exposure to Power Lines and Electrical Appliances</a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/06/recent-research-on-wireless-radiation.html" target="_blank">Recent Research on Wireless Radiation and Electromagnetic Fields</a> (since 2016)</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Wireless Radiation Research, Guidelines & Regulatory Policies</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>American Academy of Pediatrics</b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/09/american-academy-of-pediatrics-demands.html" target="_blank">American Academy of Pediatrics: Protect Children from Cell Phone & Wireless Radiation</a></span><br />
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<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">American Cancer Society</span></b><br />
<b><b><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/01/cell-phone-radiation-cancer-risk-what.html" style="font-weight: 400;" target="_blank">American Cancer Society: Cell Phone Radiation Risk</a></b></b><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Berkeley Model Cell Phone Ordinance</b></span><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/11/berkeley-cell-phone-right-to-know.html" target="_blank">Berkeley Cell Phone "Right to Know" Ordinance</a><br /></span>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>California Public Health Department</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/03/cell-phone-safety-guidance-from.html" target="_blank">Cell Phone Safety Guidance from the California Public Health Department</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/12/california-cell-phone-safety-warning-news.html" target="_blank">California's Cell Phone Safety Guidance: Media Coverage</a></span><br /><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</b></span><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/01/new-york-times-expose-of-cdcs.html" target="_blank">New York Times’ Exposé of CDC’s Retraction of Warnings about Cell Phone Radiation</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Federal Communications Commission</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/11/how-fcc-shields-cellphone-companies.html"><span style="font-family: arial;">How the FCC Shields Cellphone Companies from Safety Concerns (ProPublica)</span></a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2023/07/environmental-procedures-at-fcc-case.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">"Environmental Procedures at the FCC: A Case Study in Corporate Capture" by a former FCC official</a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/06/an-expose-of-fcc-agency-captured-by.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">An Exposé of the FCC: An Agency Captured by the Industries it Regulates</a></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Government Accountability Office (GAO)</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/01/commentary-gao-2012-report-on-mobile.html">GAO 2012 Mobile Phone Report to the Congress</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/11/GAO-5G-Report-2020.html" target="_blank">Government Accountability Office (GAO) 2020 Report on 5G</a></span></span></div><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Industry Influence</b></span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/06/IEEE-COMAR.html" target="_blank">IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR)</a></span><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/02/industry-funded-scientists-undermine.html" target="_blank">Industry-funded Scientists Undermine Cell Phone Radiation
Science</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/11/government-failure-to-address-wireless.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Government Failure to Address Wireless Radiation Risks</span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/08/major-breakthrough-in-cellphone.html" target="_blank">Cell Phone Industry Product Liability Lawsuit</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br />International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields</b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/10/international-commission-on-biological.html" target="_blank">International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (ICBE-EMF)</a></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/07/icnirps-exposure-guidelines-for-radio.html" target="_blank">ICNIRP’s Exposure Guidelines for Radio Frequency Fields</a> </span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/12/RFR-limits-effects.html" target="_blank">Worldwide Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure Limits versus Health Effects</a></span><br /></span><div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>International EMF Scientist Appeal (</b><a href="https://emfscientist.org/">https://emfscientist.org</a><b>)</b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/07/international-scientist-appeal-on.html" target="_blank">International Scientist Appeal on Electromagnetic Fields & Wireless Technology</a></span><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>World Health Organization / International Agency for Research on Cancer</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/09/who-radiofrequency-emf-health-risk.html" target="_blank">WHO Radiofrequency EMF Health Risk Assessment Monograph (EHC series) </a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/05/upcoming-who-meeting-on-radiofrequency.html" target="_blank">WHO Radiofrequency Radiation Policy</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/11/IARC-RFR-cancerrisk.html" target="_blank">International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO) Position on Radiofrequency Radiation</a></span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
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</div></div>Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-67280230128983048512024-02-25T11:00:00.000-08:002024-02-28T15:16:05.374-08:00Tips to Reduce Your Wireless Radiation Exposure<div style="text-align: left;"><main class="gmail-tranquility" id="gmail-main" style="line-height: 140%;"><div class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 140%;"><div class="gmail-tranquility" id="gmail-block-page-title-block--2" style="line-height: 140%;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white;">learn why it is important to reduce your exposure to wireless radiation see my </span></span><b style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2016/03/welcome-to-emr-safety.html" target="_blank">Welcome to EMR Safety</a> </span></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: left;">page for an overview of the health risks including presentations, radio interviews, and podcasts</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: arial; text-align: left;">. </span></div><div class="gmail-tranquility" id="gmail-block-page-title-block--2" style="line-height: 140%;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-tranquility" id="gmail-block-page-title-block--2" style="line-height: 140%;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">This page contains safety tips from various organizations on how to reduce your exposure to </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">wireless radiation from cell phones, cordless phones, laptops, tablets, Wi-Fi routers, and other wireless technology. </span></div></div></main></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div><br /></div></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">To download the following one-page handout click on the link: </span> <a href="https://bit.ly/wirelesstipsheet" target="_blank"><b>https://bit.ly/wirelesstipsheet</b></a></div></span>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bit.ly/wirelesstipsheet" style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;" target="_blank"><b>https://bit.ly/wirelesstipsheet</b></a></div><span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><b>---</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" face="sans-serif" role="presentation" style="font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*15.96px); left: calc(var(--scale-factor)*246.6px); top: calc(var(--scale-factor)*393.13px); transform: scaleX(1.04553);"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="markedContent"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpu1KCeIonYi3PO11Awjw3zu2EGegNHCrlt3tULEPoqiVize5Gz9y-_QRkQs36KROqE40IpnEAEA2eW8OuBCQcUFGue5bglC_UL3pvwbYLq9n8DjXLPba83Ltrn5ojNyOvl7EKrUy4kNMNVUWmxrzyqALmzM0pxZLCppPy6tfT4SRQac8dF71QKk10/s655/MD%20guidelines.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="496" data-original-width="655" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpu1KCeIonYi3PO11Awjw3zu2EGegNHCrlt3tULEPoqiVize5Gz9y-_QRkQs36KROqE40IpnEAEA2eW8OuBCQcUFGue5bglC_UL3pvwbYLq9n8DjXLPba83Ltrn5ojNyOvl7EKrUy4kNMNVUWmxrzyqALmzM0pxZLCppPy6tfT4SRQac8dF71QKk10/w400-h303/MD%20guidelines.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face="sans-serif"><b><a href="http://bit.ly/3E0nezL">http://bit.ly/3E0nezL</a></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" face="sans-serif" role="presentation" style="font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*15.96px); left: calc(var(--scale-factor)*246.6px); top: calc(var(--scale-factor)*393.13px); transform: scaleX(1.04553);"><br /></span></span></div><div style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><b>---</b></div></span></span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div><main class="gmail-tranquility" id="gmail-main" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;"><div class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><div class="gmail-tranquility" id="gmail-block-page-title-block--2" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2022/11/protecting-kids-wireless-radiation-school-and-home"><b><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">Protecting kids from wireless radiation in school and at home</span></b></a></span></div><div class="gmail-tranquility" id="gmail-block-page-title-block--2" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Environmental Working Group, November 2022</span></div><div class="gmail-tranquility" role="article" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><article class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><div class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><div class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><h2 class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 33.6px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"></span></span></h2><h2 class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 33.6px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">EWG’s big picture recommendations for wireless devices</span></h2><ul class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Default to airplane mode.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Increase distance from devices.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Turn off when not in use.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Used wired devices if possible.</span></li></ul><hr /><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Children are almost constantly exposed to wireless radiation, starting as early as the first weeks of life. As they get older, that exposure grows every day, thanks to the widespread use of smartphones, laptops and other wireless devices in the classroom and at home.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Wireless devices radiate radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Research<span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> has raised concerns about the health risks of exposure to this radiation, including harm to the <a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://www.ewg.org/consumer-guides/effects-radiofrequency-radiation-nervous-system-ewg-fact-sheet" style="color: blue;">nervous</a> and <a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://www.ewg.org/research/how-exposure-cell-phones-and-other-technology-affects-reproductive-health" style="color: blue;">reproductive</a> systems, and <a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2022/04/ewg-letter-published-jama-oncology-evidence-base-potential" style="color: blue;">higher risk of cancer</a>. Cell phone radiation was classified a </span></span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><strong><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">“possible carcinogen”</span></strong></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> in 2011 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization. The agency said human epidemiological studies showed a link between higher risk of a type of malignant brain cancer and cell phone use.</span></span></span></p><h3 class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 26.208px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">At home</span></h3><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Parents and caregivers can exert more control over their kids’ wireless radiation exposure at </span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">home<span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> than at school, and have more latitude to try new ways of using devices.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><em><span style="font-family: arial;">Getting started</span></em></span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To begin, inventory your home’s electronic devices. Consider smart speakers, cordless phones and mouses, gaming consoles, cell phones, wireless security systems and electric alarm clocks, among other types of technology. Even things you might not think emit electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation, like Fitbits and other wearable fitness devices, are a source of wireless radiation exposure and best for young kids to avoid.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><em><span style="font-family: arial;">Increase distance</span></em></span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The first, easiest-to-implement option is to increase the distance between your child and wireless devices in the home. The more distance, the less exposure.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Wired headphones or the speaker mode on a cell phone can put distance between the device and kids’ bodies. They should carry the device in a backpack or bag, not a pocket.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">When no one is actively using the device, make sure it’s in airplane mode. Otherwise, the device will keep seeking the “signal” – it will continue trying to communicate with nearby cell towers, producing unnecessary radiation.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another simple but important fix: Locate routers and cordless phone base stations – the worst radiation offenders – away from where your kids sleep, study and play. See if you can lower your Wi-Fi router’s output. It may be set to “High” as a default, which could create more intense wireless radiation output than anyone in your household needs.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><em><span style="font-family: arial;">Choose wired</span></em></span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To reduce radiation exposures significantly, many experts recommend using wired devices whenever possible. Make replacing wireless headphones with wired your first step then, over time, choose auxiliary devices that plug in or are battery-powered, including keyboards, mouses and microphones. Wireless earbuds also emit radiofrequency radiation, so limit the use of such devices, especially for children and youth.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Here are some other ways to reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation from wireless.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><em><span style="font-family: arial;">The big picture</span></em></span></p><ul class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Aside from the obvious devices (phones, tablets, computers, game consoles), think twice about </span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">wireless digital baby monitors and other wireless or virtual devices. If used, such devices and appliances should be kept away from bedrooms and other areas where children sleep.</span></span></span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Shut off all wireless devices, including your router, at night and when they’re not in use.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Consult this </span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://ehtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Checklist-EMF-at-Home-EHT.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">checklist</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> for a low-electromagnetic field, or EMF, set-up</span> published by </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://ehtrust.org/" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">Environmental Health Trust</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> if you or a family member spend a lot of time at a computer.</span></span></span></span></li></ul><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><em><span style="font-family: arial;">At night</span></em></span></p><ul class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Strongly encourage your child not to sleep near their wireless gadgets. If this isn’t possible – and let’s face it, with teenagers, you may not succeed at wresting the phone or tablet away – try to convince them to place it away from their head instead of under a pillow.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Even better, keep electronics out of bedrooms as much as possible, or at least away from beds. </span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">This includes TV screens and audio speakers.</span></span></span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Use an old-fashioned electric or battery alarm clock that doesn’t connect to Wi-Fi.</span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> And get one </span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">for your children if they claim to need <span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">their cell phone so they can get up in the morning.</span></span></span></span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Move beds away from</span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> utility meters or large appliances, which also emit radiation, even if they’re on the other side of a wall.</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><em><span style="font-family: arial;">Studying, playing and communicating</span></em></span></p><ul class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Experts recommend starting a child’s cell phone use as late as practical, considering the family and educational context and</span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> needs of each child. The younger kids are, the more vulnerable their bodies are to potentially harmful effects of wireless radiation exposure.</span></span></span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Encourage your children to use a device’s speaker function or wired earbuds when they want to use their phone to talk.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Download movies and shows instead of streaming them, then watch in airplane mode. Even better, watch on a wired computer or screen.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Teach and encourage your children to use their laptop or tablet placed on a table or another hard surface, away from their bodies.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Get wired – consider<span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> getting cords and cables for your kids’ game </span>console<span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">, and turning it off when your children finish playing.</span></span></span></li></ul><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><em><span style="font-family: arial;">Powering down</span></em></span></p><ul class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Put phones in airplane mode as much as possible when they are near children, with both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth turned off. If they (or you) want to put a phone in a pocket or backpack, turn it off first.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Also, power devices down when you’re in transit, like on a plane, train, bus or in a car.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Get to know when radiation emissions a</span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">re highest – streaming video, traveling in a car, or when the signal is poor – and do what you can to help your child avoid these scenarios. (To see how strong or weak the signal is, check how many bars it has.)</span></span></span></li></ul><h3 class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 26.208px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">At school</span></h3><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Parents and caregivers don’t have nearly as much control at school over how much their child is exposed to wireless radiation as they do at home. And with technology ever more prevalent in educational settings, chances are kids are close to a variety of devices all day.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Nearly half of U.S. schools report having a computer for every child, according to a Department of Education </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2021/2021017Summary.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">study</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">. Another 37 percent have a computer for each child in some age groups. In some cases, kids may take the device home with them for long or short periods. The survey also said 70 percent of teachers use technology in the classroom.</span></span></span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">It’s tough to shield your child from wireless </span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">radiation exposure entirely. But you can </span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">take steps<span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> to lower their exposure based on advice published by experts. Start by approaching school administrators with your concerns. Learn your school or district’s cell phone policy. If none exists, request that a committee be formed to develop a policy and plan trainings for teachers about safe technology use.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Here are a few ideas teachers can implement in the classroom or that schools and school districts can use. The gold standard: Whenever possible, use wired connections for laptops, tablets, interactive white boards, printers and other devices.</span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">If a wired school network isn’t feasible:</span></p><ul class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Emphasize keeping devices off and turning them on only when in use – and issue frequent reminders.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Students’ personal electronic devices, like cell phones, should be turned off or in airplane mode during school.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Make sure the school policy on wireless device use is posted in classrooms.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Ask school districts to equip new facilities with wired technology.</span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">Many experts recommend setting school Wi-Fi routers to the lowest possible level that still allows educational content access</span><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">, as well as turning off routers when they’re not in use.</span></span></span></li></ul><h3 class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 26.208px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Wireless technology use during the pandemic</span></h3><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">From the start of the coronavirus pandemic, wireless technology became the main path for accessing education and participating in virtual classrooms for kids and families in the U.S. and across the globe. In 2020, a </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-common-sense-census-media-use-by-kids-age-zero-to-eight-2020" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">survey</span></a> <span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">found nearly half of 2- to 4-year-olds and about two in three kids ages 5 to 8 already owned their own mobile devices, a tablet or smartphone – and that was before the Covid-19-related school closures prompted desperate working parents nationwide to employ wireless devices as babysitters and educators.</span></span></span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">That’s many kids with constant access to wireless devices – and also exposed to the health risks of wireless radiation. Parents have taken note of these potential harms. A European citizens group coalition in March </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://europa.eu/citizens-initiative-forum/blog/europeans-safe-connections-call-stronger-regulation-wireless-internet-schools_en" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">called</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> for simple steps to protect kids by swapping wireless for cables in places where children spend time and educating the public about the </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://envirn.org/e-textbook/" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">dangers of exposure</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">.</span></span></span></p><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Earlier this year, <b><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news-release/2022/06/calls-grow-fcc-protect-kids-wireless-radiation" style="color: blue;">EWG together with more than 22,000 people</a> petitioned federal regulators </b>to establish stricter standards for kids’ exposure to wireless devices’ radiofrequency radiation.</span></p><h3 class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 26.208px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">For more information</span></h3><p class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To find additional resources, advocacy guidance, tip sheets and other useful suggestions, consult the websites of one of these organizations:</span></p><ul class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">The Environmental Health Trust’s “</span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://ehtrust.org/wifi-in-schools-tool-kit/" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">Wi-Fi in Schools Toolkit</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">” offers a wealth of resources, including fact sheets and </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://ehtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/EHT-Dos-and-Donts-for-Safe-Tech.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">tip sheets</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">, background on the science of EMF exposure, and guidance for parents, teachers and schools. It also has more than a dozen </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://ehtrust.org/posters-on-cell-phone-and-wireless-radiation-awareness/" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">downloadable and printable posters</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> on exposure and sleep, children’s development, and the effects of EMF exposure on breast cancer risk and male reproductive health.</span></span></span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">An Environmental Health in Nursing textbook downloadable </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://envirn.org/e-textbook/" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">chapter</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> on EMF, courtesy of the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, contains useful information, like a detailed explanation of the health impacts of EMF exposure, advocate organizations’ tip sheets, and other valuable resources.</span></span></span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">The </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/all-around/Pages/Cell-Phone-Radiation-Childrens-Health.aspx" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">American Academy of Pediatrics</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> issued recommendations about EMF exposure.</span></span></span></li><li class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;">The Massachusetts Breast Cancer Coalition offers a </span><a class="gmail-tranquil_browsing_mode_link" href="https://mbcc.org/lets-talk-prevention-actions-you-can-take-student-modules/" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: blue;"><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="color: #333333; line-height: 22.4px;">downloadable backgrounder</span></a><span class="gmail-tranquility" style="line-height: 22.4px;"> for students and educators on “Cell Phones, Wireless and Your Health,” which includes suggested activities to use in the classroom and as homework. It includes a list of additional websites you may choose to consult.</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></article></div></div></main><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2022/11/protecting-kids-wireless-radiation-school-and-home&source=gmail&ust=1669143823459000&usg=AOvVaw3EyfJb7yd7NTNT_2SMlB4q" href="https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2022/11/protecting-kids-wireless-radiation-school-and-home" target="_blank">https://www.ewg.org/news-<wbr></wbr>insights/news/2022/11/<wbr></wbr>protecting-kids-wireless-<wbr></wbr>radiation-school-and-home</a> </span></div></div></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;">---</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Safety Recommendations for Children </span></b><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Who Use Digital Technologies to Study at Home</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene and Children's Health in the Russian Ministry of Health </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">and the <span class="gmail-st">Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (<wbr></wbr><em>RusCNIRP</em>)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">March 25, 2020 </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">(The recommendations were translated from Russian using Google's translation tool and then edited for easier reading on the <a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/04/EMR-Safety.html" target="_blank">Electromagnetic Radiation Safety website</a>.) </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The following recommendations for distance learning at home are intended for children (up to 18 years of age) and their parents and grandparents and anyone who helps children study at home using digital technologies.<br /><br />1. Children under 18 years of age who study at home should primarily use personal computers and laptops connected to the Internet via a wired network. When using a wireless network, the distance from the Wi-Fi router to the student should be at least 5 meters (16 feet).<br /><br />2. The keyboard of the computer or laptop must be disinfected with an antiseptic every day before starting work. The monitor also needs to be treated with an antiseptic agent.<br /><br />3. Before using the keyboard wash the hands of both the child and the adult who helps him or her.<br /><br />4. To reduce the risk of visual impairment and musculoskeletal system disorders, provide a child working at a computer or laptop with a convenient workplace (the height of the table and chair should correspond to the height of the child), to exclude the illumination of the monitor screen.<br /><br />5. The main light source at the child's workplace should be located on the side of the screen (not behind the screen and not from the back of the person working with the screen). The brightness of the source should approximately correspond to the brightness of the screen.</span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">6. The use of tablets for distance learning at home is acceptable for adolescents over 15 years old. Before using the tablet, you need to wash your hands and wipe the screen with a disinfectant (wet towel). The location of the Wi-Fi point should be at least 5 meters (16 feet) from the student’s workplace. The tablet is placed on the table on a stand at an angle of 30 degrees, the distance from the screen to the pupil’s eyes is at least 50 centimeters (20 inches). Do not use a laptop or tablet on your lap, in your hands, lying down and the like.</span><br /></span><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwZ8Dc9GqiC22nHk50bRb4zVI2Oo7AuXp3ETgvnylfRCE8UEYS3ciqr4tvXFSyGx5_Y1wXWUy9S_P-kLxY1hnye6xQgOgD1tr1-sZoj0KINibW72djGvfe1UuVnCZ_WIlerisJKtvDMKw/s1600/30+degree+angle.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1516" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwZ8Dc9GqiC22nHk50bRb4zVI2Oo7AuXp3ETgvnylfRCE8UEYS3ciqr4tvXFSyGx5_Y1wXWUy9S_P-kLxY1hnye6xQgOgD1tr1-sZoj0KINibW72djGvfe1UuVnCZ_WIlerisJKtvDMKw/s200/30+degree+angle.jpg" width="189" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">30 degree angle</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">7. For all age groups: completely avoid use of smartphones for educational purposes (reading, searching for information)</span></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />8. For all age groups: for reading or completing tasks, mainly use ordinary books and notebooks.<br /><br />9. Children under 6 years old must not use any computer equipment for educational purposes at home.<br /><br />10. Children 6 to 12 years of age should minimize the use of computer equipment for educational purposes at home. If it is necessary to use it, the total duration of all types of on-screen activities should not exceed 2 hours per day (including watching TV). The class schedule should be based on a one-to-three schedule for 6 to 8 year olds (for every 10 minutes of work 30 minutes of rest) and one-to-two schedule for ages over 8 and up to 12 years (for every 10 minutes of work - 20 minutes of rest).<br /><br />11. For children 12 to 18 years of age, the following mode of computer use is recommended: “one to two” for 12 to 15 year olds (for every 30 minutes of work - 60 minutes of rest) and “one to one” for children for 16 to 18 year olds (for every 45 minutes of work - 45 minutes of rest). </span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The total duration of all types of screen activities for children 12 to 18 years of age, including watching TV, should not exceed 3.5–4 hours per day.<br /><br />12. For the prevention of visual fatigue, perform gymnastics for the eyes during the break; for the prevention of general fatigue - a warm-up (tilts, body turns, squats, etc.)<br /><br />13. If necessary to use headphones limit their continuous use: no more than an hour at a volume of not more than 60%.<br /><br />14. Ventilate the room where the students study, before the start of classes (at least 15 minutes) and after each hour of work.<br /><br />15. Do not use tablets and smartphones for educational purposes outdoors (in the park, on the playground and similar places).</span><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The above recommendations are based upon research from multicenter studies on children's health and safety while using digital educational technologies, materials from the Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene and Children's Health “NRCM of Children's Health,” and the Russian National Committee for Protection against Non-Ionizing Radiation, as well as recommendations from the World Health Organization and the best safety practices for children's digital educational environments.</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"><b>California Department of Public Health</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">In December, 2017, the California Department of Public Health captured<b> <a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/12/california-cell-phone-safety-warning-news.html" target="_blank">worldwide attention </a></b>when
it published an official cell phone safety document,"How to Reduce
Exposure to Radiofrequency Energy from Cell Phones." The three-page document is
available at<b> <a href="http://bit.ly/CDPHguidance" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/CDPHguidance</a>.</b></span></div>
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</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">In
March, 2017, before the judge could finalize her ruling in a lawsuit we
filed under the Public Records Act, the California Department of Public
Health released an unofficial cell phone safety document, <b>"<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/03/cell-phone-safety-guidance-from.html" target="_blank">Cellphones and Health</a>," </b>dated
April, 2014. The document was originally written in 2009 but never
released to the public. More information is available on my <b><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/03/cell-phone-safety-guidance-from.html" target="_blank">web site</a>.</b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_305582385"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim-MIKyLj6KoHrgQ5z6W0rgbrnV8KzG6MmUyulqXlR7uaZNMD2LV1QlJRojQTZoTcSVtkLjJMnMz0L19uhgDa8tz056ft-2xaDKEroeESAUh_c_ekZRHVMDRGnLLozQop6QaGzWHA76vk/s640/CDPH+Cell-Phone-Guidance+12-2017_Page_1.jpg" width="490" /></span></a></b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>To download 3-page document: <a href="http://bit.ly/CDPHguidance" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/CDPHguidance</a></b></span></div>
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<b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">More Safety Tips</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-family: arial;">American Academy of Pediatrics. "Cell Phone Radiation & Children’s Health: What Parents Need to Know." <a href="http://bit.ly/AAPrecs" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">http://bit.ly/AAPrec</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">s</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Athens Medical Association. "16 Rules to Reduce Wireless Radiation Exposure." <a href="http://bit.ly/2pOt2HG" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2pOt2HG</a></span><br />
<br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Baby Safe Project. "What You Need to Know about Wireless Radiation and Your Baby."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/BabySafeEMR" target="_blank">bit.ly/BabySafeEMR</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">City of Berkeley. </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/11/berkeley-cell-phone-right-to-know.html" style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;" target="_blank">Berkeley Cell Phone "Right to Know" Ordinance</a>.</b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Canadians for Safe Technology. "Wireless Safety Tips. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/C4STtips" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/C4STtips</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Connecticut Department of Public Health. "Cell Phones: Questions and Answers about Safety." </span></span><a href="http://bit.ly/cellphoneFAQsConn" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/cellphoneFAQsConn</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Consumer Reports. "Cell Phone Radiation Warnings." </span><a href="http://bit.ly/CRwarnings" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/CRwarnings</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Electrosensitive Society. "How to reduce your exposure: Electromagnetic hygiene in 12 easy steps. <a href="http://bit.ly/ESsafetytips" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/ESsafetytips</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Environmental Health Trust. "10 Tips to Reduce Cell Phone Radiation." <a href="http://bit.ly/EHT10tips" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/EHT10tips</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Environmental Working Group. "EWG's Guide to Safer Cell Phone Use." </span><a href="http://bit.ly/EWGcellphone" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/EWGcellphone</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">German Federal Office for Radiation Protection. Recommendations from the BfS for making telephone calls on mobile communications. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/BfScalls" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/BfScalls</a><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">German F</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ederal Office for Radiation Protection. Smartphones and tablets--tips to reduce radiation exposure. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/GFRPtips" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/GFRPtips</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. "Safety Tips on Reducing Wireless Radiation Exposure." <a href="https://bit.ly/ICBE-safety-tips" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/ICBE-safety-tips</a> <br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">New Jersey Education Association. "Minimize Health Risks from Electronic Devices." NJEA Review. Sept 2016.<a href="http://bit.ly/NJEAtips" target="_blank"> bit.ly/NJEAtips</a></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Physicians for Safe Technology. "Safety Tips for Wireless Devices." <a href="http://bit.ly/MDsafeTechTips" target="_blank">bit.ly/MDsafeTechTips</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Prevent Cancer Now, "11 Ways to Use Your Cell Phone More Safely." <a href="https://preventcancernow.ca/11-ways-to-use-your-cell-phone-safely/" target="_blank">https://preventcancernow.ca/11-ways-to-use-your-cell-phone-safely/</a><br /><br />
Vienna Medical Association. "Mobile Phone Information." </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcW2xtqInUdQfOwWV2jZbL9q8oHE9bVO32oJU68Oir1SHzT3EXX9WHL0_nahu1ClXzCIRKWR_i4OyufjcG0snKYL-eb1WAKE41rmxOa9msOQVsJCg9-zR1cx_-aZ2slT2IJF5yCET2dN8/s1600/Cell+phone+guidelines+Vienna+Medical+Assn.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcW2xtqInUdQfOwWV2jZbL9q8oHE9bVO32oJU68Oir1SHzT3EXX9WHL0_nahu1ClXzCIRKWR_i4OyufjcG0snKYL-eb1WAKE41rmxOa9msOQVsJCg9-zR1cx_-aZ2slT2IJF5yCET2dN8/s1600/Cell+phone+guidelines+Vienna+Medical+Assn.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr>
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-44659275101610114042024-02-22T12:50:00.000-08:002024-02-22T12:50:33.218-08:00Welcome to EMR Safety<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 18.6667px;">Since January 2013, the <b style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/" target="_blank">EMR Safety</a> </b>web site has addressed key scientific and policy developments concerning the health
risks from exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and other non-ionizing electromagnetic fields.</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 18.6667px;">With more than 200 posts, </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><a href="https://saferemr.com/" target="_blank"><b>Saferemr.com</b></a> provides a curated collection of links to articles on the health risks associated with cell phones and cordless phones, cell towers, 4G and 5G, Wi-Fi, Smart Meters, electric and hybrid cars, and various wireless devices. I also report on </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 18.6667px;">the manufacturing of doubt about the science by industry-linked scientists and organizations and by government agencies.<br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 18.6667px;">The web site has had more than <b>four million page views </b>by visitors from over <b>200
countries</b> which attests to the global concern about the impact of
wireless radiation on our health and on the environment.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP-WfzA0cIxS2XuwgmLzrXZCFwKKZyCPpPqWB9dVe7zqr5JoCPvQG9qlt8nV1Sl9B7GNzV8VUSHx3471lDa2qkYLl_dhgOxJNQoVIg0wcJ_FqaU5SWkxw05AXZxbvvE2b-yhqTGVqhQys_0sYBG4O37OVqks82cMgqXVXjsMf2jAzEe3gbhyDfBvB5urQ/s1214/saferemr%204%20million%20pageviews%202-22-2024.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="1214" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP-WfzA0cIxS2XuwgmLzrXZCFwKKZyCPpPqWB9dVe7zqr5JoCPvQG9qlt8nV1Sl9B7GNzV8VUSHx3471lDa2qkYLl_dhgOxJNQoVIg0wcJ_FqaU5SWkxw05AXZxbvvE2b-yhqTGVqhQys_0sYBG4O37OVqks82cMgqXVXjsMf2jAzEe3gbhyDfBvB5urQ/w640-h218/saferemr%204%20million%20pageviews%202-22-2024.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><b>EMR Safety</b></i><span style="font-family: arial;"> reached one million page views on April 7, 2017, </span>two million page views on March 11, 2019, three million page views on July 14, 2021, and four million page views on February 22, 2024.</div></span>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">During the past 11 years, more than half (56%) of visitors were from outside the United States with Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, India, Australia, Russia, and China represented the most.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWxEMgHa_rjaii9PfgQ_KVmVCPTzC_SY3PJYOwfnVmujavtgg2miDZdhvOChnwnsAzMKREWObXPmUk0tGr0o6BOGffMtGkEj5qvwHlQFFAg_-UpZf2tBPoAP-2kP2iwbnH4XoqjxAbsbDNQ1KZgS5gJmogL2xOxe70IE6MK9-xLiU4pWFR5Jm8dLXkxFI/s1194/saferemr%20top%20locations%202-22-2024.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="1194" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWxEMgHa_rjaii9PfgQ_KVmVCPTzC_SY3PJYOwfnVmujavtgg2miDZdhvOChnwnsAzMKREWObXPmUk0tGr0o6BOGffMtGkEj5qvwHlQFFAg_-UpZf2tBPoAP-2kP2iwbnH4XoqjxAbsbDNQ1KZgS5gJmogL2xOxe70IE6MK9-xLiU4pWFR5Jm8dLXkxFI/w640-h280/saferemr%20top%20locations%202-22-2024.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: left;">For visitors new
to this web site or this topic, see the <b>overviews</b> about </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: left;">why we are concerned about cell phones, cell towers, and other
wireless devices:</span></div></span></div><h3 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://news.berkeley.edu/2021/07/01/health-risks-of-cell-phone-radiation/"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>"Cellphone radiation is harmful, but few want to believe it"<br /></b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;">(Interview with Joel Moskowitz, UC Berkeley News, July 1, 2021)</span></span></h3><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2023/09/Is-5G-Harmful-Webinar.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #2823a3;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><b>"Radiofrequency Radiation and Your Health: Is 5G Harmful?"</b></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(Joel Moskowitz, Federal Mobility Group webinar / video & slides, 2023)</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/10/5G-Scientific-American.html" style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;" target="_blank">"We Have No Reason to Believe 5G is Safe" (<i>Scientific American</i>)</a></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/WashSpectator.html" target="_blank">"Regulators Steamroll Health Concerns as the Global Economy Embraces 5G" </a><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/WashSpectator.html" target="_blank">(<i>The Washington Spectator</i>)</a></div></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><br /></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">For safety tips from various organizations about how to reduce your cell
phone radiation exposure see: </span></span><b style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #8a7ca1; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/10/tips-to-reduce-your-wireless-radiation.html" target="_blank">Cell Phone and Wireless Technology Safety Tips</a>.</span></span></b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">For regular updates about electromagnetic radiation safety follow me on Twitter (<a href="https://twitter.com/berkeleyprc" target="_blank"><b>@berkeleyprc</b></a>), <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SaferEMR" target="_blank"><b>Facebook</b></a> or <b><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/joel-moskowitz-7b817539/" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></b>.</span><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></span></div></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">
<b><a href="http://sph.berkeley.edu/faculty/moskowitz.php" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Joel M. Moskowitz, Ph.D.</span></a></b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://bit.ly/EMRsafetytips3" target="_blank">Tips to Reduce Your Wireless Radiation Exposure</a></span></span></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/10/international-commission-on-biological.html" style="color: #5c5ec2; font-family: arial; font-size: large; text-indent: -15px;"><i><b>International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields</b></i></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-13472985948277763192024-02-22T11:00:00.000-08:002024-02-22T17:30:48.511-08:005G Wireless Technology: Is 5G Harmful to Our Health?<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>See the bottom of this page for additional summaries and resources.</i></b><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Worldwide deployment of <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G" target="_blank">5G</a></b>, the fifth-generation of cell phone technology, started in 2019. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">5G cellular technology employs low-band (600-900 megahertz), mid-band (1.7-4.7 gigahertz), and high-band radio frequencies (24-47 gigahertz). </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The allocation of radio frequency spectrum for 5G varies by country. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated low-band spectrum at 0.6-0.8 GHz (i.e., 600-800 MHz), <span style="background: white; color: #1d1e1d;">mid-band spectrum in the 2.5-4.0 GHz range, and</span></span><span style="background: white; color: #1d1e1d; font-family: arial; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">11 GHz of high-band frequencies including licensed spectrum from 24-28 GHz and 37-47 GHz, as well as unlicensed spectrum from 64-71 GHz which is open to all wireless equipment manufacturers.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To increase transmission speed 5G utilizes complex modulation of the carrier wave (i.e., </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">). Other features include </span><span style="font-family: arial;">massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or </span><span style="font-family: arial;">the capacity to send large amounts of data across multiple streams, and beamforming or the use of multiple antennas to control the signal enabling it to be targeted toward specific users. These features can create brief, but very intense, exposures to radio frequency radiation. Since current exposure limits are based upon exposures averaged over time (6 or 30 minutes), these bursts of radiation are essentially unregulated.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Biological and Health Effects of 5G</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfNOwXwzlCiH1tINauyul9e5D922AArFZAeJvoLmOFwmfWVpm4epOuvQ05ToRdW74Mt3mDASTbFieZQY4cyx9BiYLSg3-4S2wpJEWL5BRa9wyLW8Hf7FLMTXRNFijQ8CBdSEyc_no6DeIHGjOkFFexDHQoHA4jxoUiv_qhqgsBokMqX3kTrZPtOcg3YFE/s1237/675%205G%20studies%202-22-2024.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="1237" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfNOwXwzlCiH1tINauyul9e5D922AArFZAeJvoLmOFwmfWVpm4epOuvQ05ToRdW74Mt3mDASTbFieZQY4cyx9BiYLSg3-4S2wpJEWL5BRa9wyLW8Hf7FLMTXRNFijQ8CBdSEyc_no6DeIHGjOkFFexDHQoHA4jxoUiv_qhqgsBokMqX3kTrZPtOcg3YFE/w640-h122/675%205G%20studies%202-22-2024.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/overview/mobile-communications-5g#level-1" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/overview/mobile-communications-5g#level-1</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Hardly any research has been published on the biological or health effects of 5G. According to </span><a href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/overview/mobile-communications-5g#level-1" style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">EMF-Portal</a><b style="font-family: arial;">, </b><span style="font-family: arial;">an archive that contains more than 41,000 publications on electromagnetic fields, of the 675 papers published on "5G," </span><b style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/overview/mobile-communications-5g/medical-biological#level-2" target="_blank">only 26 (4%) were medical/biological studies</a></b><span style="font-family: arial;"> (as of February 22, 2024). The 26 s</span><span style="font-family: arial;">tudies reported evidence of oxidative stress and adverse effects on the neuroendocrine system, the cardiovascular system, sleep quality, sperm quality, bone quality, gene expression, and sensorimotor responses. Most studies used animal models and short-term exposures to microwave radiation (especially continuous wave 3.5 GHz).</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><b>However, only four of these 26 studies may have actually tested the effects of 5G exposure</b>. </span><span>The biologic and health effects associated with exposure to 5G radiation depend on more than just the carrier frequency. Although </span><span>these 26 studies employed carrier frequencies employed with 5G (e.g., 0.7 GHz, 2.65-3.6 GHz, 27-36 GHz), </span><span>only four studies</span><span> tested exposures with 5G modulation and other features that are likely to affect the nature and extent of biological or health effects from exposure. </span><span>Most studies employed a continuous wave generator; yet, 5G requires a complex modulated, </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span>signal with additional features that yield brief, high intensity exposures </span>(i.e., phased arrays, beamforming, and massive MIMO).</span></div></span><span><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">The four 5G studies are briefly summarized below (Hardell and Nilsson, 2023; Chu et al., 2023; Pustake et al., 2022; Perov et al., 2022). </span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Two studies examined the effects of exposure to a 5G cell tower but were subject to confounding with other radio frequency exposures: </span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Hardell and Nilsson (2023) reported a case study in which a man and woman developed electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) with neurological symptoms, headache, fatigue, insomnia, tinnitus, skin disorders, and blood pressure variability) after a 5G antenna was added to a 3G/4G cell tower on the roof of their apartment building. (To date, this research team has published a half dozen case studies with 5G cell towers.)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Perov et al. (2022) exposed male rats for four months to a 5G base station that transmitted at 3.6 GHz, 28 GHz, and 36 GHz and found that the exposure moderately increased stress on the neuroendocrine system.</span></li></ol><div style="font-family: arial;">Only two studies examined the effects of exposure to 5G using 4G/5G cell phones:</div><div style="font-family: arial;"><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Chu et al. (2022) conducted a pilot study in which human semen samples were briefly exposed to smart phones and found that Wi-Fi negatively affected sperm motility and viability, but not 4G/5G; however, the results varied across phones.</li><li>Pustake et al. (2022) exposed butter bean seeds to a 4G/5G cell phone and found adverse effects on seed germination and growth.</li></ol><div>Following are the 26 so-called "5G" studies currently listed in EMF-Portal:</div><div><br /></div><div><ul class="emfp-list" style="background: rgb(239, 234, 232); box-sizing: border-box; color: #746c70; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2024" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2024</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Torres-Ruiz M, Suárez OJ, López V, Marina P, Sanchis A, Liste I, De Alba M, Ramos V</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/53074" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Effects of 700 and 3500 MHz 5G radiofrequency exposure on developing zebrafish embryos</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sci Total Environ: 169475 [in press]</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="background: rgb(246, 244, 243); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2024" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2024</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Handa AP, Vian A, Singh HP, Kohli RK, Kaur S, Batish DR</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/52922" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Effect of 2850 MHz electromagnetic field radiation on the early growth, antioxidant activity, and secondary metabolite profile of red and green cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Environ Sci Pollut Res 31 (5): 7465-7480</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2024" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2024</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Qin TZ, Wang X, Du JZ, Lin JJ, Xue YZ, Guo L, Lai PP, Jing YT, Zhang ZW, Ding GR</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/49086" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Effects of radiofrequency field from 5G communications on the spatial memory and emotionality in mice</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Int J Environ Health Res 34 (1): 316-327</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="background: rgb(246, 244, 243); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Patrignoni L, Hurtier A, Orlacchio R, Joushomme A, Poulletier de Gannes F, Lévêque P, Arnaud-Cormos D, Revzani HR, Mahfouf W, Garenne A, Percherancier Y, Lagroye I</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/52808" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Evaluation of mitochondrial stress following ultraviolet radiation and 5G radiofrequency field exposure in human skin cells</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Bioelectromagnetics [in press]</div></li></ul></div><div><ul class="emfp-list" style="background: rgb(239, 234, 232); box-sizing: border-box; color: #746c70; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Bodin R, Seewooruttun C, Corona A, Delanaud S, Pelletier A, Villégier AS</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/52070" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Sex-dependent impact of perinatal 5G electromagnetic field exposure in the adolescent rat behavior</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Environ Sci Pollut Res [in press]</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="background: rgb(246, 244, 243); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Jamal L, Yahia-Cherif L, Hugueville L, Mazet P, Lévêque P, Selmaoui B</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/51887" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Assessment of Electrical Brain Activity of Healthy Volunteers Exposed to 3.5 GHz of 5G Signals within Environmental Levels: A Controlled-Randomised Study</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Int J Environ Res Public Health 20 (18): 6793</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Ijima E, Kodera S, Hirata A, Hikage T, Matsumoto A, Ishitake T, Masuda H</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/51840" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Excessive whole-body exposure to 28 GHz quasi-millimeter wave induces thermoregulation accompanied by a change in skin blood flow proportion in rats</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Front Public Health 11: 1225896</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="background: rgb(246, 244, 243); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Canovi A, Orlacchio R, Poulletier de Gannes F, Lévêque P, Arnaud-Cormos D, Lagroye I, Garenne A, Percherancier Y, Lewis N</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/51517" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">In vitro exposure of neuronal networks to the 5G-3.5 GHz signal</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Front Public Health 11: 1231360</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Joushomme A, Orlacchio R, Patrignoni L, Canovi A, Chappe YL, Poulletier de Gannes F, Hurtier A, Garenne A, Lagroye I, Moisan F, Cario M, Lévêque P, Arnaud-Cormos D, Percherancier Y</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/50789" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Effects of 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency field exposures on HSF1, RAS, ERK, and PML activation in live fibroblasts and keratinocytes cells</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sci Rep 13: 8305</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="background: rgb(246, 244, 243); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Pecoraro R, Pavone SC, Scalisi EM, Ignoto S, Sica C, Indelicato S, Capparucci F, Iaria C, Salvaggio A, Sorbello G, Di Donato L, Brundo MV</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/50729" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Multimarker Approach to Evaluate the Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields at 27 GHz on Danio rerio Larvae</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">J Mar Sci Eng 11 (4): 693</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Zheng R, Zhang X, Gao Y, Gao D, Gong W, Zhang C, Dong G, Li Z</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/50594" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Biological effects of exposure to 2650 MHz electromagnetic radiation on the behavior, learning, and memory of mice</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Brain Behav 13 (6): e3004</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="background: rgb(246, 244, 243); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Bektas H, Dasdag S, Nalbant A, Akdag MB, Demir C, Kavak S</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/50559" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation may affect biomechanics of bone and muscle of diabetics</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 37 (1): 2199096</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Qin T, Liu L, Wang X, Guo L, Lin J, Du J, Xue Y, Lai P, Jing Y, Ding G</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/50281" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Combined effects of EMP and RF field on emotional behavior in mice</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Front Public Health 11: 1087161</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="background: rgb(246, 244, 243); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Hardell L, Nilsson M</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/50083" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Case Report: The Microwave Syndrome after Installation of 5G Emphasizes the Need for Protection from Radiofrequency Radiation</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Ann Case Rep 8 (1): 1112</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2023" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2023</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Chu KY, Khodamoradi K, Blachman-Braun R, Dullea A, Bidhan J, Campbell K, Zizzo J, Israeli J, Kim M, Petrella F, Ibrahim E, Ramasamy R</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/49105" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by Modern Cellphones on Sperm Motility and Viability: An In Vitro Study</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Eur Urol Focus 9 (1): 69-74</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="background: rgb(246, 244, 243); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2022" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2022</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Pustake S, Upadhyaya V, Bundele M</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/49705" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Study and Analysis of 4G-5G Spectrum Mobile Signals on Germination Seed and Further Growth</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2022 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon), Pune, India. IEEE: 1-7, ISBN 978-1-6654-9898-2</div></li><li class="emfp-list-item" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 47, 80); box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2022" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2022</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Perov SY, Rubtsova NB, Belaya OV</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/49516" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Status of the Neuroendocrine System in Animals Chronically Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields of 5G Mobile Network Base Stations</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; 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box-sizing: border-box; padding: 1rem;"><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-date" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/search?years=2021" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00559d; text-decoration-line: none;">2021</a>, <span class="emfp-article-list-authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Sun B, Tang C, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Ding B, Liao Y, Cai P</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="emfp-article-list-title" href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/44764" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Simulated mobile communication frequencies (3.5 GHz) emitted by a signal generator affects the sleep of Drosophila melanogaster</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; 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box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; text-decoration-line: none;">Impacts of high dose 3.5 GHz cellphone radiofrequency on zebrafish embryonic development</a> <span class="emfp-tag emfp-tag-sm" style="background-color: #d9eeef; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00a3a6; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px 0.125rem;" title="experimental in vivo or in vitro study">[med./bio.]</span></div><div class="emfp-article-list-bib-line" style="box-sizing: border-box;">PLoS One 15 (7): e0235869</div></li></ul></div><div><br /></div><div>--</div><div><br /></div></div></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">ICNIRP Guidelines’ Exposure Assessment Method
for 5G Millimetre Wave Radiation May Trigger Adverse Effects</b></div></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">
<div><b></b></div>
<p>
Redmayne M, Maisch DR. ICNIRP Guidelines’ Exposure Assessment Method
for 5G Millimetre Wave Radiation May Trigger Adverse Effects. <em>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health</em> <b>2023</b>, <em>20</em>, 5267. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20075267.
</p>
</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Abstract</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">
The current global roll-out of 5G infrastructure is designed to utilise
millimetre wave frequencies (30–300 GHz range) at data transmission
rates in the order of gigabits per second (Gbps). This frequency band
will be transmitted using beamforming, a new introduction in near-field
exposures. The International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation
Protection (ICNIRP) has recently updated their guidelines. We briefly
examine whether the new approach of the ICNIRP is satisfactory to
prevent heat damage and other adverse bio-effects once millimetre wave
5G is included, and we challenge the use of surface-only exposure
assessment for local exposures greater than 6 GHz in part due to
possible Brillouin precursor pulse formation. However, this is relevant
whether or not Brillouin precursors occur from absorption of either 5G
or future G transmissions. Many significant sources conclude there is
insufficient research to assure safety even from the heat perspective.
To date, there has been no published in vivo, in vitro or
epidemiological research using exposures to 5G New Radio beam-formed
signals. <br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Conclusions<div class="gmail-html-p"><br /></div><div class="gmail-html-p">Surface
radiofrequency exposure assessments including mmW radiation are
insufficient to ensure safety; there are several reasons assessment of
SA<sub>ab</sub> is also needed.</div><div class="gmail-html-p"><br /></div><div class="gmail-html-p">A real danger
of the ‘expert’ assurances of a lack of risk is that they discourage the
necessary research to evaluate risk properly. They may also discourage
review of apparently outmoded/questionable approaches being taken in RF
exposure standards.</div><div class="gmail-html-p"><br /></div><div class="gmail-html-p">Once the 5G mmW band is
internationally operational, a significant proportion of the world’s
population will be exposed to new hazards. The intensity and complexity
of near-field exposure, such as when carrying a phone in a pocket or
using it next to the head, will be different for 5G, and this is the
first time mmW have been used for public telecommunications and the
first time beamforming has been deliberately introduced for near-field
use. Without research on the impact of near-field 5G, this global step
is an experiment at the population level. Bearing this in mind, there is
a vital and urgent need for targeted research and for a re-evaluation
of the scientific relevance of the current RF human exposure standards’
basic approach and assumptions.</div>
</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><a href="http://conclusions%20surface%20radiofrequency%20exposure%20assessments%20including%20mmw%20radiation%20are%20insufficient%20to%20ensure%20safety%3B%20there%20are%20several%20reasons%20assessment%20of%20saab%20is%20also%20needed.xn--%20a%20real%20danger%20of%20the%20expert%20assurances%20of%20a%20lack%20of%20risk%20is%20that%20they%20discourage%20the%20necessary%20research%20to%20evaluate%20risk%20properly-fx28ijf.%20they%20may%20also%20discourage%20review%20of%20apparently%20outmoded/questionable%20approaches%20being%20taken%20in%20RF%20exposure%20standards.%20Once%20the%205G%20mmW%20band%20is%20internationally%20operational,%20a%20significant%20proportion%20of%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20population%20will%20be%20exposed%20to%20new%20hazards.%20The%20intensity%20and%20complexity%20of%20near-field%20exposure,%20such%20as%20when%20carrying%20a%20phone%20in%20a%20pocket%20or%20using%20it%20next%20to%20the%20head,%20will%20be%20different%20for%205G,%20and%20this%20is%20the%20first%20time%20mmW%20have%20been%20used%20for%20public%20telecommunications%20and%20the%20first%20time%20beamforming%20has%20been%20deliberately%20introduced%20for%20near-field%20use.%20Without%20research%20on%20the%20impact%20of%20near-field%205G,%20this%20global%20step%20is%20an%20experiment%20at%20the%20population%20level.%20Bearing%20this%20in%20mind,%20there%20is%20a%20vital%20and%20urgent%20need%20for%20targeted%20research%20and%20for%20a%20re-evaluation%20of%20the%20scientific%20relevance%20of%20the%20current%20RF%20human%20exposure%20standards%E2%80%99%20basic%20approach%20and%20assumptions."><br /></a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/7/5267" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/7/5267</a></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face="tahoma, sans-serif">
<span><span class="gmail_default">Case
Report: The Microwave Syndrome after Installation of 5G Emphasizes the
Need for Protection from Radiofrequency Radiation</span></span>
</span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b></div>Hardell L, Nilsson M. (2023). Case Report: The Microwave Syndrome after Installation of 5G Emphasizes the Need for Protection from Radiofrequency Radiation. Ann Case Report. 8: 1112. doi: 10.29011/2574-7754.101112.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />In this case report<span class="gmail_default" face="tahoma,sans-serif"> </span>two previously healthy persons, a man aged 63 years and a woman aged 62 years, developed symptoms of the microwave syndrome after installation of a 5G base station for wireless communication on the roof above their apartment. A base station for previous telecommunication generation technology (3G/4G) was present at the same spot since several years. Very high radiofrequency (RF) radiation with maximum (highest measured peak value) levels of 354 000, 1 690 000, and >2 500 000 µW/m2 were measured at three occasions in the bedroom located only 5 meters below the new 5G base station, compared to maximum (peak) 9 000 µW/m2 prior to the 5G deployment. The rapidly emerging symptoms after the 5G deployment were typical for the microwave syndrome with e.g., neurological symptoms, tinnitus, fatigue, insomnia, emotional distress, skin disorders, and blood pressure variability. The symptoms were more pronounced in the woman. Due to the severity of symptoms, the couple left their dwelling and moved to a small office room with maximum (peak) RF radiation 3 500 µW/m2. Within a couple of days, most of their symptoms alleviated or disappeared completely. This medical history can be regarded as a classic provocation test. The RF radiation levels in the apartment were well below the limit proposed to be “safe” below which no health effects would occur, recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation (ICNIRP). These now presented symptoms of the microwave syndrome were caused by non-thermal effects from RF radiation and highlight that the ICNIRP guidelines used in most countries including Sweden do not protect human health. Guidelines based on all biological negative effects from RF radiation are urgently needed, as well as monitoring human health, not the least due to rapidly increasing levels of exposure. <br /><br />Open access paper: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.gavinpublishers.com/article/view/case-report-the-microwave-syndrome-after-installation-of-5g-emphasizes-the-need-for-protection-from-radiofrequency-radiation&source=gmail&ust=1675467867505000&usg=AOvVaw0LTflU_GxLj7YPtyi09vgP" href="https://www.gavinpublishers.com/article/view/case-report-the-microwave-syndrome-after-installation-of-5g-emphasizes-the-need-for-protection-from-radiofrequency-radiation" target="_blank">https://www.gavinpublishers.<wbr></wbr>com/article/view/case-report-<wbr></wbr>the-microwave-syndrome-after-<wbr></wbr>installation-of-5g-emphasizes-<wbr></wbr>the-need-for-protection-from-<wbr></wbr>radiofrequency-radiation</a><div><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif"><span class="gmail_default"></span></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif">--<br /></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><b>Effect of
Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted by Modern Cellphones
on Sperm Motility and Viability: An In Vitro Study
</b></div><br />Chu KY, Khodamoradi K, Blachman-Braun R, Dullea A, Bidhan J, Campbell K, Zizzo J, Israeli J, Kim M, Petrella F, Ibrahim E, Ramasamy R. Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by Modern Cellphones on Sperm Motility and Viability: An In Vitro Study. Eur Urol Focus. 2023 Jan;9(1):69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2022.11.004. <br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Background: Cellphones emit radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) for transmission of data for social media communication, web browsing, and music/podcast streaming. Use of Bluetooth ear buds has probably prolonged the time during which cellphones reside in the trouser pockets of men. It has been postulated that RF-EMR increases oxidative stress and induces free radical formation.<br /><br />Objective: To investigate the effect of wireless-spectrum (4G, 5G, and WiFi) RF-EMR emitted by modern smartphones on sperm motility and viability and explore whether these effects can be mitigated using a physical barrier or distance.<br /><br />Design, setting, and participants: Semen samples were obtained from fertile normozoospermic men aged 25-35 yr. A current-generation smartphone in talk mode was used as the RF-EMR source. A WhatsApp voice call was made using either 4G, 5G, or WiFi wireless connectivity. We determined if exposure effects were mitigated by either a cellphone case or greater distance from the semen sample.<br /><br />Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The semen samples were analyzed according to 2010 World Health Organization laboratory guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.28.<br /><br />Results and limitations: We observed decreases in sperm motility and viability with WiFi exposure but not with exposure to 4G or 5G RF-EMR. With large variability among smartphones, continued research on exposure effects is needed.<br /><br />Conclusions: Our exploratory study revealed that sperm motility and viability are negatively impacted by smartphones that use the WiFi spectrum for data transmission.<br /><br />Patient summary: We looked at the effect of cellphone use on sperm motility and viability. We found that cellphones using WiFi connectivity for data usage have harmful effects on semen quality in men.<br /><div><br /></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Excerpts</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">
Our study is not without limitations. First, our small sample size of 18
introduces potential sources of bias. We did not collect demographic
data for these patients in order to maintain privacy, so the results may
be subject to confounding bias. As the first of its kind at our
institution, this small trial was a pilot study to validate our
experimental model and procedures. We hope that further studies on the
effects of RF-EMR on semen parameters can be performed on larger samples
to validate our initial results. Second, we recognize that other
potential variables, including temperature and radiation strength, could
play a role in inducing changes in semen parameters. For this
preliminary study, we were only interested in a single variable
(radiation); future work should investigate the impact of temperature
and radiation strength on changes in semen. This was an exploratory in
vitro study, and further in vivo studies in animal models should be
performed to further evaluate the impact of radiation on semen
parameters.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Conclusions<p id="gmail-p0070">Our
study revealed that 4G/5G RF-EMR emitted by a contemporary cellphone
did not have negative effects on sperm motility and viability. By
contrast, WiFi exposure did have negative effects. During data use,
there may be an increase in heat dissipated by a cellphone, depending on
the power required to connect to the source. Interestingly, we observed
varying effects of WiFi on sperm parameters, depending on the
environment. We posit that a greater distance from the wireless router
results in a need for more cellphone power, which may lead to greater <a class="gmail-topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/thermogenesis" title="Learn more about heat production from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">heat production</a>
and result in negative effects on sperm motility and viability.
Mitigation measures such as use of a cellphone case and increasing the
distance between the cellphone and the sperm sample lessened the
effects. Further studies need to be performed to better understand the
effects of RF-EMR on sperm parameters.</p>
</div></div><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36379868/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36379868/</a></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif">--</span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif"><br /></span></span></b></div><div dir="ltr"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="tahoma,sans-serif">
</span></span></b><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><span class="gmail_default"></span>Status of the Neuroendocrine System in Animals Chronically Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields of 5G Mobile Network Base Stations
</b></div><br /></div><div dir="ltr">Perov SY, Rubtsova NB, Belaya OV. <span class="gmail_default" face="tahoma,sans-serif"></span>Status of the Neuroendocrine System in Animals Chronically Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields of 5G Mobile Network Base Stations. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2023 Jan 4. doi: 10.1007/s10517-023-05689-2.</div><br />Abstract</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">We studied the biological effect of chronic exposure to multifrequency electromagnetic fields simulating the effects of 5G NR/IMT-2020 mobile communication systems. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 24-h radiation (250 μW/cm2) for 4 months. The exploratory activity of the animals and blood concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone were evaluated at the end of each month of exposure and 1 month after exposure. The results suggest that exposure to multifrequency electromagnetic field simulating the effects of 5G systems affected functional activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and was stressful in nature.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Excerpts</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The animals were divided into 5 experimental (exposure to EMF of 5G systems, power density (PD) 250 μW/cm2) and 5 control (sham exposure) groups (12 rats each). Exposure conditions: chronic experiment — exposure for 4 months (120 days; 24-h, 7 days per week) and 1-month (30 days) post exposure period (without irradiation). During exposure period, the animals of experimental groups were kept in radio transparent (plastic) cages. Exposure was carried out by 5G/IMT-2020 base stations with simultaneous use of radio channels with 3.6 GHz (n78 with 100 MHz channel bandwidth), 28 GHz (n257 with 100 MHz channel bandwidth) and 37 GHz (n260 with 400 MHz channel bandwidth) central frequencies....</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The neuroendocrine system of rats responded to chronic 4-month EMF exposure by waveform changes of serum levels of ACTH and corticosterone. ACTH content had a tendency to increase after 3 months of the experiment (Fig. 1).<br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Changes in serum corticosterone content in exposed animals were more pronounced; significant differences from the control group were revealed after 1 and 2 months of exposure and the maximum increase was found 1 month after end of exposure (Fig. 2).</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Chronic exposure induced changes in orientation and exploratory activity and emotional state of experimental animals. These changes were detected starting from 3rd month of exposure, but did not reach significance threshold, and 1 month after the end of irradiation, the excitation and inhibition processes in the CNS returned to normal. <span id="m_7518199951468352128m_-7075864466232109036m_-6314539663254433268m_8977621684536758319m_-8167873171318800001m_-8021267177540182287m_3619708651741237197m_2959250961385716283m_-8341294619766269354m_-1001356434246575612m_-6873146521752862694m_5687512786050207965m_-4876218835142954837m_4434439194197179773m_7762994155464901229m_-6510930417331070095m_8597717206440138309m_-5781727491659142323m_-6663333088409385322m_8335388965587251876m_8932008031780996535m_1624287762596046275m_-4255180889896194386m_-6632899589943722614gmail-page8R_mcid12962"><span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16.6667px;"></span></span><br /></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36598666/&source=gmail&ust=1675467867505000&usg=AOvVaw2cin2Z6qGAPlKwqqdBiF_9" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36598666/" target="_blank"><br />https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/36598666/</a></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="gmail-hfeed" id="gmail-page"><div id="gmail-main"><div id="gmail-primary"><div id="gmail-content" role="main"><article class="gmail-post-6248 gmail-post gmail-type-post gmail-status-publish gmail-format-gallery gmail-hentry gmail-category-mobile-phones-and-health gmail-tag-brillouin-precursors gmail-tag-don-maisch gmail-tag-icnirp gmail-tag-ieee gmail-tag-microwave-news gmail-post_format-post-format-gallery" id="gmail-post-6248"><div class="entry-content"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Brillouin
Precursors, a theoretical oddity or a real concern for 5G
millimetre-wave bands to be used in future high-speed
telecommunications?</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Don Maisch, Ph.D., Discussion Paper, July 21, 2022</p>
<p>The following topics are briefly discussed in the paper:</p>
<ul><li>Brillouin Precursors</li><li>The need for reliable research</li><li>Uncertainties with ICNIRP’s thermally based limits for millimeter wave emissions</li><li>A potential risk for property owners</li></ul>
<p>Excerpts</p><div>"...
With a millimeter wavelength of 0.65 mm at 42 GHz. The waves can
penetrate into the human skin deep enough to affect most skin structures
located in the epidermis and dermis.1 However, these types of waves
present other challenges. The first is that when most of the energy is
focused in a small area, such as 5G antenna beam-forming, the risk of
human tissue heating for anyone in the path of the beam will be
increased.</div><div><br />The second challenge is that signals such as
radar that are made of sharp pulses behave differently when they enter
body tissue containing moving charges (such as potassium ions). Each
incoming pulse generates a force that accelerates these moving charges,
thereby causing them to become emitters of electromagnetic radiation
(EMR). This additional radiation adds large spikes onto the leading and
trailing edges of the original EMR pulse. The sharp transients, called
<b>“Brillouin Precursors”</b> increase the strength of the original signal and
reradiate EMR waves deeper into the body than predicted by conventional
thermal models. 2<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The creation of Brillouin
Precursors within the body by very short pulsed signals in the
frequency of 10 GHz or more (millimeter wave bands) was described by
Albanese et al in 1994. These authors predicted that the interaction of
these signals with human tissue would cause disruption of large
molecules, and damage cell membranes leading to blood-brain barrier
leakage. 3 ....</div><div><br /></div><div>It must be pointed out that
little research has been carried out on the possibility of adverse
biological effects from the creation of Brillouin precursors with 5G
phased array antennas (let alone on 6G communications). Considering the
high download speeds, which may have unintended adverse biological
effects, this should be a priority.</div><div><br />Other damaging effects
have been predicted in a paper published in <i>Health Physics</i> in December
2018 by Esra Neufeld and Niels Kuster. The paper suggests that permanent
skin damage from tissue heating may occur even after short exposures to
5G millimetre wave pulse trains (where repetitive short, intense pulses
can cause rapid, localised heating of skin). The authors stated that
there is an urgent need for new thermal safety standards to address the
kind of health risks possible with 5G technology ....</div><div><br /></div><div>It
is possible that this advice was in response to the ICNIRP draft
guidelines (2019) as some changes were made to the final published
guidelines. However, the changes did not conform to those suggested and
it is not clear that the possibility of excessive heat absorption from
these higher frequencies, which may result in pain, has been addressed
in ICNIRP’s current guidelines.</div><div><br />The necessity for more
reliable research into possible damaging effects of pulsed millimetre
waves used for 5G communications is also seen in an August 2021 paper by
Foster and Vijayalaxmi ....</div><div><br /></div><div>Concerns over the
lack of scientific data regarding possible biological effects of
millimeter waves proposed for use in modern telecommunications have been
raised by Nicholas Lawler et al. in <i>Biomedical Optics Express</i> (May
2022). The authors found that the studies cited indicate a strong power
and dose dependence of millimeter wave induced effects at biologically
relevant exposure levels such as those recommended by the International
Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) ....</div><div><br /></div><div>The
“take-home” message from the above mentioned papers is that we still do
not have adequate research on 5G millimetre waves to be able to assure
the public that the many thousands of 5G antennas, in many instances
placed in close proximity to homes and workplaces, are without a
possible health risk because the necessary research has not yet been
conducted.</div><div><br /></div><div>Open access paper: </div><div><a href="https://betweenrockandhardplace.files.wordpress.com/2022/08/don-maisch-brillouin-precursors-july-8-2022.pdf" target="_blank"><b>https://betweenrockandhardplace.files.wordpress.com/2022/08/don-maisch-brillouin-precursors-july-8-2022.pdf</b></a></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr2rgOrK_bgzKAX_cBK0K2lBa6JL8Sg-aasEwqHYRavRjklpU8e24bs_Ex1YbIEfxlZTorsGmaTAPSIfvyatBpMN3IDQbyGPGbHBgvgbvgg7okt22sP2g1-gvg_99N44JxaUaxSgL0hYqBN6_o7TE5rJgFqIGDg6fCD7p3r1VM2dqPTsGnkeAPTkFn/s707/Grigoriev%20book%20cover.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="707" data-original-width="493" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr2rgOrK_bgzKAX_cBK0K2lBa6JL8Sg-aasEwqHYRavRjklpU8e24bs_Ex1YbIEfxlZTorsGmaTAPSIfvyatBpMN3IDQbyGPGbHBgvgbvgg7okt22sP2g1-gvg_99N44JxaUaxSgL0hYqBN6_o7TE5rJgFqIGDg6fCD7p3r1VM2dqPTsGnkeAPTkFn/s320/Grigoriev%20book%20cover.JPG" width="223" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><b>Expert reveals 5G risks</b></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>
</b>Lyn McLean, Director, <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://emraustralia.com.au/&source=gmail&ust=1649547579082000&usg=AOvVaw2T6UG3zk29nh4fkY05WeCp" href="https://emraustralia.com.au/" target="_blank">EMR Australia PL</a>, April 8, 2022</div><div><br /></div><div><b></b></div><div><b>
</b><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 40px; margin-top: 0px;"><b>"Frequencies
used in Telecommunications – An Integrated Radiobiological Assessment"</b></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 40px; margin-top: 0px;">By Yuri G. Grigoriev, translated by ORSAA [Oceania Radiofrequency
Scientific Advisory Association Inc (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.orsaa.org&source=gmail&ust=1649547579082000&usg=AOvVaw361ws1Qhnv2rEzV_DErKQt" href="http://www.orsaa.org" target="_blank">www.orsaa.org</a>)] <br /></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 40px; margin-top: 0px;"></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 40px; margin-top: 0px;">The book can be downloaded for free:<span style="color: #007bff;"></span><b><span style="color: #007bff;"> <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://bit.ly/GrigorievBook&source=gmail&ust=1649547579082000&usg=AOvVaw31FjVtE2U51xHw5I9wm9jq" href="https://bit.ly/GrigorievBook" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/GrigorievBook</a> </span></b>(198 page pdf)<b><span style="color: #007bff;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">One
of the world’s leading authorities on wireless radiation has documented
the risks of 5G radiation in "the first book on 5G that outlines the
potential dangers of 5G technology, both in Russia and overseas."</p></div>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">The
book, written by Professor Yuri Grigoriev shortly before his death, was
recently translated into English by the Oceania Radiofrequency
Scientific Advisory Association (ORSAA) and can now be downloaded for
free.<br /></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">Many
countries (including Australia) base their radiation standards on
Guidelines developed by the International Commission on Nonionizing
Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). In the book, Prof Grigoriev points out
that ICNIRP is not necessarily a credible body, and its members are not
impartial scientists. The ICNIRP Guidelines, he believes, are inadequate
because they are only designed to protect people from the heating
effects of radiation. But even this, they don’t do properly. </p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">[Note: In the U.S., the radio frequency radiation guidelines adopted by the FCC are similar to those of ICNIRP.]<br /></p><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">Among the
problems with these guidelines are that:</p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">they don’t prevent unacceptable increases in temperature</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">they don’t restrict the intensity of spikes of radiation</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">a person would have to hold a 5G mobile phone <i>8 cm from their head or body</i> to comply with them.</p></li></ul>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">Grigoriev
says ‘ICNIRP members persist in arguing that the thousands of
peer-reviewed studies that have found biological or medical consequences
from chronic exposure to non-thermal EMF levels are insufficient to
warrant stricter safety regulations.’</p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">Grigoriev refers to studies showing harmful effects of 5G millimetre waves (MMWs). They include:</p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">demyelination of nerve cells</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">changes to cell membranes, including changes to ion channels</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">inhibition of cell cycle progression</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">changes to levels of enzyme and proteins in the brain’s hippocampus</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">double-strand breaks in DNA</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">effects on reproduction</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">changes to the sensitivity of the skin</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">effects on peripheral and central nervous systems</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">effects on the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and changes to cortisol and testosterone hormones</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">changes to heart rate</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">changes to immune function</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px;"><p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">degranulation of mast cells in the skin (that can cause allergic-type symptoms).</p></li></ul>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">Grigoriev
says that individuals react differently to exposure, and this can make
it difficult for observers to draw conclusions and can lead to errors in
assessing the impacts of radiation.</p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">He
writes, "From our evaluation of the results of preliminary studies on
the possible impacts on the health of the population of the 5G
MMW-exposures alone …, we consider it reasonable to expect the following
adverse effects: impacts on normal functioning in the critical organs
of the skin and eyes; mediated systemic reactions in the body as a
whole; and, most notable, impacts to the nervous and immune systems."</p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">Grigoriev
refers to calls by doctors, scientists and administrations in different
countries to halt the roll-out of 5G until it can be demonstrated to be
safe. He says, ‘Irradiation of the human population by MMWs without the
appropriate precautionary standards is clearly immoral – in the same
way as conducting or observing an experiment would be, when it has the
possibility of developing pathological processes; eg, according to the
notion: 'Wait and see … <i>then </i>we will be able to establish proper standards.' Of course, by then, it will be too late!"</p>
<div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>
Professor Yuri G. Grigoriev (PhD, DMedSci) 1925-2021</b></div><div></div><div><ul><li>Chief Scientific Officer, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Hygiene of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (Russia)</li><li>Academician, Academy of Electro-Technical Sciences (Russia)</li><li>Deputy Chair, Bureau of Radiobiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</li><li>Member of the WHO Advisory Committee (International EMF Project)</li><li>Member of the Russian Scientific Commission on Radiation Protection</li><li>Member of the Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection</li><li>Member of the International Commission for Electromagnetic Safety</li></ul></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">==</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mar 24, 2022</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRjtmAkBE4GUvthDDjGHPEtM96Z8dgPpZlyRCOeNVKZehWirUzE6xGPfV2xhsBHnLJmfNOVquH9ERcNCq75sLmxPIfh4U9DpBxXeDE2BBHFVpYVn-U33s84bySOcOR57R6geEZUjkI0FxlCbN8-i6IGu9NIWnClR-Kn1leBQ8fMmSYNkITvuGv-yOA/s978/5g%20bands%2010-2021.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="978" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRjtmAkBE4GUvthDDjGHPEtM96Z8dgPpZlyRCOeNVKZehWirUzE6xGPfV2xhsBHnLJmfNOVquH9ERcNCq75sLmxPIfh4U9DpBxXeDE2BBHFVpYVn-U33s84bySOcOR57R6geEZUjkI0FxlCbN8-i6IGu9NIWnClR-Kn1leBQ8fMmSYNkITvuGv-yOA/w640-h440/5g%20bands%2010-2021.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">5G Observatory Quarterly Report 13 - Up to October 2021</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail-mb-3">
<div class="emfp-article-author-listing">Valdani Vicari & Associati (VVA), PolicyTracker, LS telcom AG. European Commission Study on “European 5G Observatory phase III." CNECT/2021/OP/0008: 1-135. 2021.</div></div>
</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><br /></div><div>Excerpts<br /></div><div></div><div></div><div><ul><li>
In the richest nations like the USA, Japan, South Korea and China,
commercial 5G services have been in operation for a couple of years, and
5G is now spreading to less developed countries.</li><li>The USA has assigned the most mmWave (millimeter wave) spectrum: four bands in total, compared to one in some of the EU and none in China.</li><li>
It is important to note that most of the figures collected on the number
of 5G base stations are provided by governments, but in some cases such
as the USA and Japan, they are based on market research estimates. It
is possible that some market-based estimates are not entirely up to date
or accurate.
</li></ul></div><div></div><div>Open access report:
<a href="https://5gobservatory.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/5G-Obs-PhaseIII_Quarterly-report-13_final-version-11112021.pdf" target="_blank">https://5gobservatory.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/5G-Obs-PhaseIII_Quarterly-report-13_final-version-11112021.pdf</a></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">==</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Possible health effects on the human brain by various
generations of mobile telecommunication: a review based estimation of 5G
impact</b></div><br />Hiie Hinrikus, Tarmo Koppel, Jaanus Lass, Hans Orru, Priit Roosipuu, Maie Bachmann.
Possible health effects on the human brain by various generations of
mobile telecommunication: a review based estimation of 5G impact.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2022 Jan 7;1-48. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2026516.
<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Purpose: The deployment of new 5G NR technology
has significantly raised public concerns in possible negative effects on
human health by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF). The
current review is aimed to clarify the differences between possible
health effects caused by the various generations of telecommunication
technology, especially discussing and projecting possible health effects
by 5G. The review of experimental studies on the human brain over the
last fifteen years and the discussion on physical mechanisms and factors
determining the dependence of the RF EMF effects on frequency and
signal structure have been performed to discover and explain the
possible distinctions between health effects by different
telecommunication generations.<br /><br />Conclusions: The human
experimental studies on RF EMF effects on the human brain by 2G, 3G and
4G at frequencies from 450 to 2500 MHz were available for analyses. The
search for publications indicated no human experimental studies by 5G
nor at the RF EMF frequencies higher than 2500 MHz. The results of the
current review demonstrate no consistent relationship between the
character of RF EMF effects and parameters of exposure by different
generations (2G, 3G, 4G) of telecommunication technology. At the RF EMF
frequencies lower than 10 GHz, the impact of 5G NR FR1 should have no
principal differences compared to the previous generations. The radio
frequencies used in 5G are even higher and the penetration depths of the
fields are smaller, therefore the effect is rather lower than at
previous generations. At the RF EMF frequencies higher than 10 GHz, the
mechanism of the effects might differ and the impact of 5G NR FR2
becomes unpredictable. Existing knowledge about the mechanism of RF EMF
effects at millimeter waves lacks sufficient experimental data and
theoretical models for reliable conclusions. The insufficient knowledge
about the possible health effects at millimeter waves and the lack of in
vivo experimental studies on 5G NR underline an urgent need for the
theoretical and experimental investigations of health effects by 5G NR,
especially by 5G NR FR2.</div><div><a href="goog_1106819943"><br /></a></div><div><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34995145/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34995145/</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Excerpts</div><div><br /></div><div>Experimental human <i>in vivo</i> studies at radiofrequency range
0.01-300 GHz published in peer-reviewed journals in the last fifteen
years (2007–2021) were eligible, including all types of
telecommunication signals and pulse-modulated radiofrequency radiation.</div><div>
<p>Altogether 73 publications were included in the review.</p><p>According
to investigated parameters, the studies were divided into four
categories: resting electroencephalography (EEG), sleep EEG and sleep
quality, event related potentials (ERP) and cognition-behavior and brain
metabolism. Statistically significant changes in an investigated
parameter between sham and exposed conditions were considered as an
effect.</p><p><a class="gmail-ref gmail-showTableEventRef">Table 2</a> presents the studies that report the RF EMF effect or no effect at different signal structures and frequencies.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhkTvR1MOK3g3hjQ2jEdh2TnZNXPQmpcCxugj6Z4dRi4fJ0W-0HBvT6Gb39gd5WpH6fObV89juqUgVG_bio6yd71kPOGulnIpXFLlCRFITIAE-8j2v-C2Euc0aALKK9kCDvLLdARDtIyqtS3bX80kkq3zGlSeU98H97Tng1A15kWCw5Ri8DxoLuF5Oe=s404" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="404" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhkTvR1MOK3g3hjQ2jEdh2TnZNXPQmpcCxugj6Z4dRi4fJ0W-0HBvT6Gb39gd5WpH6fObV89juqUgVG_bio6yd71kPOGulnIpXFLlCRFITIAE-8j2v-C2Euc0aALKK9kCDvLLdARDtIyqtS3bX80kkq3zGlSeU98H97Tng1A15kWCw5Ri8DxoLuF5Oe=w640-h394" width="640" /></a></div><p>No clear interdependency between the generation of telecommunication
technology and the character of RF EMF effects becomes evident from <a class="gmail-ref gmail-showTableEventRef">Table 2</a>.
All categories of the reported statistically significant effects as
well as no effects include exposure from various generations of
telecommunication systems and different RF EMF frequencies.</p></div><div><br /></div><div>
The rate of studies reporting effect is 78.6% at 450 MHz, 66.7% at
900 MHz, 43.6% at 1800 MHz, and 57.1% at 2450 MHz. The rate of positive
findings is maximal, 78.6%, at 450 MHz band and minimal, 43.8%, at
1800 MHz band. However, along with the possible regular frequency
dependent trend, the decrease could be related to other factors:
differences in signal structures and varying number of experiments at
different frequencies. The difference between results at 450 MHz and
1800 MHz can be partly related to the character of applied exposure: at
450 MHz remarkable part of studies have used meander-like
pulse-modulated, not telecommunication signals like RF EMF exposure.
</div>
<div><br /></div><div>
The rate of studies reporting effect is 33.3% at TETRA, 63.6% at GSM,
46.2% at WCDMA, 80% at LTE and 20% at WiFi signals. These numbers should
be taken with caution due to the small number of studies, especially at
LTE, WiFi and TETRA signals. Some trends can be mentioned: the rate of
studies reporting RF EMF effect is higher than 50% at LTE and GSM
signals, lower than 50% at WCDMA and TETRA signals and minimal at WiFi
signals. This trend is not in accordance with the possible dependence on
the used radiofrequency and needs explanation based on the
characteristic behavior of the used signals. <br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusions<div class="gmail-NLM_sec gmail-NLM_sec-type_conclusions gmail-NLM_sec_level_1" id="gmail-S0005"><p>In
the current review, the experimental investigations on RF EMF effects
on human EEG, ERP, cognition and behavior were analyzed at the exposure
conditions typical for the 2G, 3G and 4G generations of mobile
telecommunication technology at frequencies from 450 to 2500 MHz. The
search for publications indicated no studies on human EEG, ERP,
cognition and behavior by 5G nor at RF EMF frequencies higher than
2500 MHz.</p><p>The results of the current review demonstrate no
consistent relationship between the character of RF EMF effects and
parameters of exposure by different generations (2G, 3G, 4G) of mobile
telecommunication technology. The following trends can be mentioned:</p><ol class="gmail-NLM_list gmail-NLM_list-list_type-order"><li><p class="gmail-inline">Various
generations of telecommunication technology seem to contribute to
similar effects. There is no special frequency nor signal structure
related to a specific effect.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-inline">Some
decrease in the rate of studies reporting effects with the increase of
RF EMF frequency can be declared. However, due to the small number of
studies, especially at higher frequencies (≥2 GHz), the results need to
be considered with caution.</p></li></ol> <p>The existing knowledge about the mechanisms underlying RF EMF effects allows us to formulate the following conclusions:</p><ol class="gmail-NLM_list gmail-NLM_list-list_type-order"><li><p class="gmail-inline">The
dielectric polarization, a physical reason behind the RF EMF effects,
decreases with the frequency of RF EMF. The electric permittivity is
relatively stable at frequencies over 0.1 and 10 GHz, but decreases fast
at frequencies higher than 10 GHz. At frequencies higher than 10 GHz,
the effects related to the dielectric polarization become small. The
scarce data about the RF EMF effects at frequencies higher than 10 GHz
provide insufficient knowledge to clarify the possible interaction
mechanisms.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-inline">The theory of parametric
excitation could explain the impact of the signal structure. The
presence of the low-frequency components lower than 1000 Hz in the
spectrum of RF EMF exposure (2G-5G) is an important factor to give rise
to the RF EMF effects on the nervous system. The RF EMF effects are most
probably caused by the telecommunication systems with low-frequency
components lower than 100 Hz (4G, 5G FR1, 5G FR2).</p></li></ol> <p>Currently,
there are no data about RF EMF effects caused by 5G telecommunication
systems. Combining data of experimental results with existing knowledge
in the mechanisms of RF EMF effects, the conclusions about the possible
5G effects can be derived:</p><ol class="gmail-NLM_list gmail-NLM_list-list_type-order"><li><p class="gmail-inline">At
the RF EMF frequencies lower than 10 GHz, the impact of 5G NR FR1
should have no principal differences compared to the previous
generations. The frequencies used in 5G are even higher and the
penetration depths of the fields are smaller, therefore the effect is
rather lower than at previous generations.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-inline">The
low-frequency components in the 5G NR FR1 RF EMF spectrum are similar
to these of 4G. Therefore, the possible health effects should have the
same level.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-inline">At the RF EMF frequencies
higher than 10 GHz, the mechanism of the effects might change and the
impact of 5G NR FR2 becomes unpredictable.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-inline">The
possible health effects caused by 5G NR FR2 are not limited to the
impact on skin but can be widened by the excitation of nervous system.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-inline">Existing
knowledge about the mechanism of RF EMF effects at millimeter waves
lacks sufficient experimental data and theoretical models for reliable
conclusions.</p></li></ol> <p>The insufficient knowledge about the possible health effects at millimeter waves and the lack of <i>in vivo</i>
experimental studies on 5G NR underline an urgent need for the
theoretical and experimental investigations of health effects by 5G NR,
especially by 5G NR FR2.</p></div></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Health Effects of 5G Base Station Exposure: A Systematic Review</b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Tasneem Sofri, Hasliza A Rahim, Mohamedfareq Abdulmalek, Khatijahhusna Abd Rani, Mohd Hafizi Omar, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin, Muzammil Jusoh, Ping Jack Soh. Health Effects of 5G Base Station Exposure: A Systematic Review. IEEE Access. Dec 30, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3139385.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />The Fifth Generation (5G) communication technology will deliver faster data speeds and support numerous new applications such as virtual and augmented reality. The additional need for a larger number of 5G base stations has sparked widespread public concerns about their possible negative health impacts. This review analyzes the latest research on electromagnetic exposure on humans, with particular attention to its effect on cognitive performance, well-being, physiological parameters, and Electroencephalography (EEG). While most of their results indicated no changes in cognitive function, physiological parameters, or overall well-being, the strength of the EEG alpha wave is noticed to vary depending on various aspects of cognitive functions. However, the available studies have not investigated the health effects resulting from exposure from the 5G mobile phone and base station antennas from 700 MHz to 30 GHz on the cognitive performance, well-being subjective symptoms, human physiological parameters, and EEG of adults. There is a need for such research regarding this current emerging technology. Such studies are significant in determining whether 5G technology is indeed safe for humans.<br /><br />Conclusion<br /><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">This work presents an analysis of exposure studies conducted using signals from 400 MHz to 1750 MHz (for 4G). From this analysis, the following conclusions are made:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">• Most of the studies in literature using 2G/3G/4G showed no effects and no consistency in how exposure to these signals affected the cognitive, physiological parameters, well-being, and EEG of the volunteers.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">• Most research on human cognition, physiological parameters, and well-being so far have focused on the impacts of GSM900/GSM1800/UMTS/4G MPs, GSM900/GSM1800/UMTS BSs, DECT, and Wi-Fi exposures.<br /><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">• There is an absence of studies reporting the effects of 5G (700 MHz, 3.5 GHz, or 28 GHz) BS signals on adults in terms of cognitive performance, well-being, or physiological markers (heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature).<br /><br />Figure 9 and 10 illustrated the possible flowchart and schematic diagram to study the effects of 5G BS exposure signals for sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands (of up to 30 GHz) to human subjects. Data from such a study will be useful in explicitly determining the significance signal exposure from 5G BS on human health, considering their much closer proximity to users.<br /><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9665755" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9665755</a></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Health Council of the Netherlands and evaluation of the fifth
generation, 5G, </b></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><b>for wireless communication and cancer risks
</b></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">
Lennart Hardell. Health Council of the Netherlands and evaluation of the fifth
generation, 5G, for wireless communication and cancer risks. World J
Clin Oncol 2021; 12(6): 393-403 doi: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.393.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">Abstract<br />
</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br />Currently the fifth generation, 5G,
for wireless communication is about to be rolled out worldwide. Many
persons are concerned about potential health risks from radiofrequency
radiation. In September 2017, a letter was sent to the European Union
asking for a moratorium on the deployment until scientific evaluation
has been made on potential health risks (http://www.5Gappeal.eu). This
appeal has had little success. The Health Council of the Netherlands
released on September 2, 2020 their evaluation on 5G and health. It was
largely based on a World Health Organization draft and report by the
Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, both criticized for not being
impartial. The guidelines by the International Commission on
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection were recommended to be used, although
they have been considered to be insufficient to protect against health
hazards (<a href="http://www.emfscientist.org/" target="_blank">http://www.emfscientist.org</a>).
The Health Council Committee recommended not to use the 26 GHz
frequency band until health risks have been studied. For lower
frequencies, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Protection guidelines were recommended. The conclusion that there is no
reason to stop the use of lower frequencies for 5G is not justified by
current evidence on cancer risks as commented in this article. A
moratorium is urgently needed on the implementation of 5G for wireless
communication. <br /></div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">Core
Tip: In this comment, guidelines for radiofrequency radiation are
discussed in relation to a recent evaluation by the Health Council of
the Netherlands. The Committee recommends that for the deployment of 5G
the frequency band 26 GHz should not be used. For lower frequencies, the
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
guidelines are recommended. However, these guidelines are not based on
an objective evaluation of health risks, which is discussed in this
paper.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">Conclusion</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">
In conclusion regarding cancer, current scientific evidence clearly
demonstrates an increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma for use
of mobile and/or cordless phones. In this review other tumor types and
health endpoints are not discussed. The increased risk for brain and
head tumors is based on human cancer epidemiology studies and is
supported by similar tumor types found in animal studies. In fact, these
animal studies confirmed the earlier results in case-control studies on
increased tumor risk for use of wireless phones (both mobile and
cordless phones). Mechanistic aspects on carcinogenesis come from
laboratory findings on, e.g., the increase of reactive oxygen species[5]
and DNA damage[4].
The current evaluation by the Health Council of the Netherlands is based
on a WHO draft and SSM report. It also recommends using ICNIRP
guidelines, considered to be insufficient to protect against health
hazards, such as cancer, by the majority of the scientists in this field
(https://www.emfscientist.org). The report does not represent a
thorough, balanced, objective, and up-to-date evaluation of cancer risks
and other hazardous effects from RF radiation. It is also strikingly
contradictory as it concludes that serious health effects such as cancer
and birth defects are “possible.” Yet it has no objection to the
roll-out of 5G and recommends that later studies are performed to study
health outcomes such as cancer and birth defects. Thus, no lessons are
learned from existing observations on increased cancer risks[49].
The conclusion by the Commission that there is no reason to stop the use
of lower frequencies for 5G up to 3.5 GHz because of no “proven adverse
health effects,” merely reflects the biased conclusions by ICNIRP
dominated groups. Thus that conclusion must be dismissed, and new
guidelines for previous and new frequencies must be established
considering the new technology, the different propagation pattern for
5G, and increased RF radiation.
A moratorium is urgently required on the implementation of 5G for
wireless communication[13]. Ultimately, wired solutions are preferred. <br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div>
Open access paper: <a href="https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v12/i6/393.htm" target="_blank">https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v12/i6/393.htm</a></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; text-align: center;">Related Posts</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/WashSpectator.html" target="_blank">Regulators Steamroll Health Concerns as the Global Economy Embraces 5G (<i>Washington Spectator</i>)</a><br /></b><b style="text-align: center;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1; text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/10/5G-Scientific-American.html" style="color: #8a7ca1;" target="_blank">"We Have No Reason to Believe 5G is Safe" (<i>Scientific American</i>)</a></span></b></b><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/02/will-scientific-american-clear-up.html"><b>Scientific American Created Confusion about 5G's Safety: Will They Clear It Up?</b></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (includes "5G, Public Health and Uncomfortable Truths")</span><br /></span><div><br /></div></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px;"><div><div style="margin: 0px;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/08/5g-wireless-technology-millimeter-wave.html" style="color: #8a7ca1;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G Wireless Technology: Millimeter Wave Health Effects</span></a></b></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/11/5g-wireless-technology-cutting-through.html" target="_blank"><b>5G Wireless Technology: Cutting through the Hype</b></a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #8a7ca1;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2017/09/5G-moratorium12.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Scientists and Doctors Demand Moratorium on 5G</span></a></b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/11/GAO-5G-Report-2020.html" style="color: #2823a3; font-family: arial;" target="_blank"><b>Government Accountability Office (GAO) 2020 Report on 5G</b></a></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/11/5g-and-health-netherlands-health-council.html" style="color: #2823a3;" target="_blank"><b>5G and Health (Netherlands Health Council)</b></a></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/12/european-parliament-workshop-on-5g.html" style="color: #2823a3;" target="_blank"><b>European Parliament: 5G Health Effects and Environmental Impact</b></a></span></div><div><br /></div><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/07/icnirps-exposure-guidelines-for-radio.html" target="_blank">ICNIRP’s Exposure Guidelines for Radio Frequency Fields</a> </span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/12/RFR-limits-effects.html" target="_blank">Worldwide Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure Limits versus Health Effects</a></span></b></span></div></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/cell-tower-health-effects.html" style="color: #8a7ca1;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cell Tower Health Effects</span></a></b></div></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></b></div></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/10/electromagnetic-hypersensitivity_30.html" style="color: #8a7ca1;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity (EHS)</span></a></b></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://mdsafetech.org/problems/5g/&source=gmail&ust=1524096574525000&usg=AFQjCNGCAgRsPLnScz4LMJb2IxfyU-xD3w" href="https://mdsafetech.org/problems/5g/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Physicians for Safe Technology</span></a></b></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://ehtrust.org/?s=5g" target="_blank">Environmental Health Trust</a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://microwavenews.com/news-tags/5g" target="_blank">Microwave News</a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="color: #333333;">Health Safety Guidelines and 5G Wireless Radiation [Health Matters]</b></div><div><div><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></div><span style="color: #333333;">James C. Lin. Health Safety Guidelines and 5G Wireless Radiation [Health Matters]. </span><i style="color: #333333; outline: currentcolor none medium;">IEEE Microwave Magazine</i><span style="color: #333333;">. 23(1):10-17. Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1109/MMM.2021.3117307.</span><div><br style="color: #333333;" /><span style="color: #333333;">Abstract</span></div><div><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333;">The rollout of 5G cellular communication technology is well underway worldwide. The advocates of 5G mobile technology hail it as a faster and more secure technology than its predecessor, 3G and 4G systems. The major enabling infrastructure uses millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and phased-array technology to achieve line-of-sight directivity, high data rates, and low latency. A central vulnerability or security threat is that it may allow spying on users. Nevertheless, this is a system architecture and technology or regulatory issue but not a biological effect or health safety matter.</span><br clear="all" /><div><br /></div><div><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9632507&source=gmail&ust=1639091578292000&usg=AOvVaw1JlfjYtl8V7Q9_EocSOQ-W" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9632507" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/<wbr></wbr>document/9632507</a></div><div><br /></div></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><div><div>My note: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ece.uic.edu/profiles/james-lin-phd/&source=gmail&ust=1639092633689000&usg=AOvVaw36zrA2IK_2G8aYkQeCq62G" href="https://ece.uic.edu/profiles/james-lin-phd/" target="_blank"><b><span class="il">James</span> <span class="il">C</span>. <span class="il">Lin</span></b></a>, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois Chicago. <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37278769800&source=gmail&ust=1639092633689000&usg=AOvVaw1GCXzS6o4s0uvuPJL0w3S2" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37278769800" target="_blank">Dr. <span class="il">Lin</span></a>
is one of the most renowned scientists who has studied the biological
interactions of wireless radiation. He is a fellow of the
<a role="link">American Association for the Advancement of Science and </a>the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Since 2006 he has
been the Editor-in-Chief of the <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1521186x&source=gmail&ust=1639092633689000&usg=AOvVaw23eIXzNFXATY4i1-dgduGJ" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1521186x" target="_blank"><i>Bioelectromagnetics</i> journal</a> published on behalf of the <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.bems.org/society/about&source=gmail&ust=1639092633689000&usg=AOvVaw0aZkrePziUIDinbnkeu1dz" href="https://www.bems.org/society/about" target="_blank">Bioelectromagnetics Society</a> (BEMS), an international organization of biological and physical scientists,
physicians and engineers. In a <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9393739" target="_blank">prior article</a>, Dr. <span class="il">Lin</span>, an
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.icnirp.org/en/about-icnirp/former-members/index.html&source=gmail&ust=1639092633689000&usg=AOvVaw3t7gqWOLX4aLfp6OfiUNjQ" href="https://www.icnirp.org/en/about-icnirp/former-members/index.html" target="_blank"> <span class="il">ICNIRP</span> Commission member</a> from 2004-2016, accused the organization of <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupthink&source=gmail&ust=1639092633689000&usg=AOvVaw023MDdX_yvLXJUFoDKU7iD" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupthink" target="_blank">groupthink</a>: "The simultaneous penchant to dismiss and criticize positive results and
the fondness for and eager acceptance of negative findings are palpable
and concerning."</div></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></span></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Like several previous articles that Dr. JC Lin wrote for </span><i style="font-family: arial;">IEEE Microwave Magazine</i><span style="font-family: arial;">, the abstract is biased toward risk minimization so read the paper or the following excerpts.</span></p></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><div><div>Excerpts</div><div><br /></div><div>Low-band 5G starts at roughly 400 MHz and uses existing or previous 3G or 4G frequencies or newly opened frequencies to operate; the latter, for example, may overlap with the existing 4G band. The 5G rollout began with midband, which includes popular frequencies between 3 and 4 GHz. However, primary 5G technological advances are associated with high-band 5G, which promises performance bandwidth as high as 20 GHz, and multiple-input, multiple-output strategies using 64–256 antennas at short distances and offering performances up to 10 times better than the current 4G networks."</div><div><br /></div><div>"For health safety matters, it is not apparent whether the biological responses to high-band 5G radiations would be akin to earlier generations or low-band 5G radiations, given the distinctive characteristics of mm-wave and its interaction with the complex structure and composition of pertinent, superficial biological cells and tissues such as the cornea of the eye and nerve-rich human skin, the large, protective organ of the body."</div><div><br /></div><div>"The two most widely promulgated RF health safety guidelines or standards have recently published revisions of their respective 1998 and 2005 versions [1], [2]. The updated International Commission on Nonionizing Radiation Protection guidelines and IEEE standards appear to cater to industry wishes; they are strongly linked to thermal effects associated with measurable temperature elevations. Also, the updates seem to have been synchronized to accommodate the 5G rollout."</div><div><br />"To date, there has not been a single reported epidemiological study that investigated mm-waves and their potential health effects.</div><div><br />Thus, although there are roughly 100 published laboratory investigations of all types, and the reported biological responses are inconsistent in their association between biological effects and mm-wave exposure. Indeed, the types of reported laboratory investigations are small, limited, and diverse, considering the wide, 5G, mm-wave frequency domain. The jury on biological effects or health impacts is still out on 5G mm-waves. Moreover, there is a lack of ongoing, controlled laboratory investigations...."</div><div><br /></div><div>"If the entities responsible for safety recommendations believe what appears to be their position concerning experimental results from rats from the NIEHS/NTP that a whole-body temperature rise of 1 °C is carcinogenic, then the safety factors of 50 adopted for the public or 10 for workers would be marginal for their stated purpose and practically meaningless from the perspective of “safety” protection (more so above 6 GHz)."</div><div><br /></div><div>"As shown in Table 1, for mm-waves, the referenced local-tissue-temperature rise in the head, torso, and limbs of humans is 5 °C. This level of temperature rise would bring the tissue temperature from a normal value of 37 °C to a hyperthermic 42 °C. A 42 °C tissue temperature is known to be cytotoxic, with exponential cell-killing capacities. It is used as the basis for clinical cancer therapy in hyperthermia treatment for cancer protocols [14]–[16]. The recently updated safety recommendations provide a reduction factor of 10 for the public’s safety and a reduction factor of two in the case of workers. In this situation, the efficacy of these updated safety recommendations is borderline, and the updated recommendations are meaningless from the perspective of safety protection. <br /></div><div><br /></div><div>In summary, the safety recommendation updates were based primarily on limiting the tissue-heating potentials of RF radiation to elevate body temperatures. There are significant anomalies in the recently updated safety recommendations. Moreover, aside from the aforementioned anomalies, the existing scientific data are too limited—especially at mm-wavelengths—to make a reliable assessment or conclusion with any certainty. Some of the updated safety recommendations are marginal, questionable, and lack scientific justification from the perspective of safety protection."</div></div></div></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>5G Cellular Standards. Total Radiobiological Assessment of the Danger of Planetary Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure to the Population (in Russian)</b></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Y.G. Grigoriev, A.S. Samoylov. 5G-cellular standards. Total radiobiological assessment of the danger of planetary electromagnetic radiation exposure to the population. G384; М.: SRC — FMBC, Moscow, 2020.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Abstract</b><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">The book discusses the implementation of the 5G-standard in the cellular communication system. 5G-technology works with millimeter waves (MMW) with simultaneous distribution of the IoT (Internet of Things) program — Internet connection between «things», both for home use, and other objects, for example, in transport, in production. MMW are easily shielded. Given this, only the skin and sclera of the eyes will be affected.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">A new radiobiological approach to hazard assessment of the 5G-standard is presented. The significance of radiobiological criteria and the degree of risk are considered, taking into account the appearance of new critical organs and the load on existing critical organs and systems during lifetime exposure to EMF in the population. This point of view of the authors is used to assess the total radiobiological danger of planetary electromagnetic radiation exposure to the population.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Ways of possible reduction of the electromagnetic load on the population are suggested.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Relevance of the book by L.A. Ilyin, RAS academician</span></b></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Both in Russia and in countries abroad, there have been active discussions over the past few years about a promising proposal for optimizing cellular communications — the planetary introduction of a new 5G-standard that will guarantee fast transmission of a large amount of data. For this purpose, millimeter waves (MMW) will be used.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">The techno-economic advantage of this offer is obvious and widely reported by the media in many countries. However, the degree of danger of this type of electromagnetic radiation to public health and the environment remains unclear.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Unfortunately, the appeals of scientists and medical professionals to the UN and the European Union about the need for preliminary medical and biological research before implementing the 5G-standard remain beyond real implementation. A number of countries refuse to place the 5G-standard on their territory.<br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Book by Yu.G. Grigoriev and A.S. Samoylov "5G-CELLULAR STANDARD. TOTAL RADIOBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE DANGER OF PLANETARY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE POPULATION" considers the implementation of the 5G-standard in the cellular communication system. Unlike existing wireless technologies 2G, 3G and 4G, which use electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range, the 5G-standard works with millimeter waves with simultaneous distribution of the IoT (Internet of Things) program — Internet communication between "objects", both for home use and other objects, for example, in transport and in production.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">For stable delivery of MMW to the entire territory of our planet, Earth satellites are used. It is planned to launch 4,425 satellites for the implementation of the universal Internet access program, but there are already 800 satellites in space under this program. It should be noted that there are currently several thousand satellites in orbit, which is of great concern to astronomers and the security service of manned space flights in Russia.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">In fact, the entire population will be trapped for life in the electromagnetic grid of millimeter waves and no one will be able to avoid their impact.<br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">MMW are easily shielded. Naturally, to cover a certain area with a millimeter cell, you will need to increase the number of base stations (BS). For example, with a cell radius of only 20 meters, you will need about 800 base stations per square kilometer and located 3-5 meters from the consumer. This is in sharp contrast, for example, with 3G and 4G-standards, which use large cells and have ranges from 2 to 15 km or more.<br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Given that MMW is absorbed in biotissues at a depth of up to 2 mm, only the skin and sclera of the eyes will be affected by them. Therefore, the authors rightly believe that when assessing the risk of MMV, it is necessary to take into account the appearance of new critical organs — the skin and eyes. The skin is a very complex biostructure, has a large number of receptors and is actually a "bio-relay" between the external environment and the functional state of the body.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Naturally, the introduction of 5G-technology raises new questions. First, the technical part of providing this type of communication. A significantly larger number of micro-antenna base station antennas per unit area with satellite support is needed. Second, there is a lack of a consistent methodology for hygienic rationing. Third, there are only assumptions about possible biological effects in the lifetime impact of MMW on populations and ecosystems. There are no data on possible bioeffects with constant exposure to MMW on the skin and sclera of the eyes. Targeted research is still not carried out both in Russia and abroad.<br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">There are different perspectives on the assessment of the dangers of this new technology. The International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assess the hazard only by adding the absorbed dose to existing standards. This is a small addition, and therefore the existing FCC and ICNIRP standards, approved in 1996, are not being revised. International standards, despite criticism from the scientific community and the European Union, have remained unchanged for more than 20 years.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">The authors of the reviewed book consider this approach erroneous, because in this case, the radiation load on new critical organs — the skin and eyes--is not taken into account. They considered the significance of radiobiological criteria and the degree of risk, taking into account the emergence of new critical organs and the load on existing critical organs and systems, taking into account the lifetime exposure of the population to EMF. From this point of view, the book presents an assessment of the total radiobiological danger of planetary electromagnetic radiation exposure to the population.<br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">The book offers new ways to reduce the electromagnetic load, taking into account 5G on the population. It is necessary to explain to the population that EMF is considered harmful and their safety is regulated by certain hygiene standards.<br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Exposure to EMF that exceeds these standards may negatively affect the health of the mobile user. In this regard, the population should strictly follow the existing hygiene recommendations. However, most people perceive gadgets simply as an element of convenient everyday communication without time limits, as a toy for children, for entertainment, using cellular communication without the need. The population should understand that by violating hygiene recommendations, they are putting themselves at a certain risk. This danger must be persistently explained and, above all, through the media. It is recommended to introduce such a concept as "The conscious risk". This is the first generalization on the problem of the danger of 5G-technologies, both in Russia and abroad.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Open access book (in Russian; 196 pp. pdf): <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://bit.ly/Grigoriev5G&source=gmail&ust=1623439188775000&usg=AFQjCNGzlNgM9F-AIy09-p6S1AKPadUkDg" href="http://bit.ly/Grigoriev5G" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/Grigoriev5G</a></span></b></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">My comments: A considerable amount of <b><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.saferemr.com/2017/08/5g-wireless-technology-millimeter-wave.html&source=gmail&ust=1623439188775000&usg=AFQjCNH6GSjMxnLFsuLPfUCfCTa7RM1tPQ" href="https://www.saferemr.com/2017/08/5g-wireless-technology-millimeter-wave.html" target="_blank">research</a></b> suggests that exposure to millimeter waves can affect many organs of the body, not just the skin and the eyes.</span></div></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Electromagnetic fields, 5G and health: what about the precautionary principle?</span></b></h3><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-node177274"><span style="font-family: arial;">John William Frank.
Electromagnetic fields, 5G and health: what about the precautionary principle?</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> J Epidemiol Community Health. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Published Online First:</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> 19 January 2021. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">doi:</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> 10.1136/jech-2019-213595.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
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<div><div id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-content-block"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></b><div id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-abstract-1"><p id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-p-1"><span style="font-family: arial;">New
fifth generation (5G) telecommunications systems, now being rolled out
globally, have become the subject of a fierce controversy. Some health
protection agencies and their scientific advisory committees have
concluded that there is no conclusive scientific evidence of harm.
Several recent reviews by independent scientists, however, suggest that
there is significant uncertainty on this question, with rapidly emerging
evidence of potentially harmful biological effects from radio frequency
electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposures, at the levels 5G roll-out
will entail. This essay identifies four relevant sources of scientific
uncertainty and concern: (1) lack of clarity about precisely what
technology is included in 5G; (2) a rapidly accumulating body of
laboratory studies documenting disruptive in vitro and in vivo effects
of RF-EMFs—but one with many gaps in it; (3) an almost total lack (as
yet) of high-quality epidemiological studies of adverse human health
effects from 5G EMF exposure specifically, but rapidly emerging
epidemiological evidence of such effects from past generations of RF-EMF
exposure; (4) persistent allegations that some national
telecommunications regulatory authorities do not base their RF-EMF
safety policies on the latest science, related to unmanaged conflicts of
interest. The author, an experienced epidemiologist, concludes that one
cannot dismiss the growing health concerns about RF-EMFs, especially in
an era when higher population levels of exposure are occurring widely,
due to the spatially dense transmitters which 5G systems require. Based
on the precautionary principle, the author echoes the calls of others
for a moratorium on the further roll-out of 5G systems globally, pending
more conclusive research on their safety.</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div><div class="gmail_quote">
<div id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-sec-4"><div id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-sec-8"><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusions and recommendation</span></b></p></div></div><div id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-sec-9"><p id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-p-21"><span style="font-family: arial;">In
assessing causal evidence in environmental epidemiology, Bradford Hill
himself pointed out that ‘the whole picture matters;’ he argued against
prioritising any subset of his famous nine criteria for causation. One’s
overall assessment of the likelihood that an exposure causes a health
condition should take into account a wide variety of evidence, including
‘biological plausibility’. After reviewing the evidence cited above, the writer, an experienced
physician-epidemiologist, is convinced that RF-EMFs may well have
serious human health effects. While there is also increasing scientific
evidence for RF-EMF effects of ecological concern in other species, both plant and animal, these have not been reviewed here, for reasons
of space and the author’s disciplinary limitations. In addition, there
is convincing evidence, cited above, that several nations’ regulatory
apparatus, for telecommunications innovations such as the 5G roll-out,
is not fit for purpose. Indeed, significant elements in that apparatus
appear to have been captured by vested interests. Every society’s public
health—and especially the health of those most likely to be susceptible
to the hazard in question (in the case of EMFs, children and pregnant
women)—needs to be protected by evidence-based regulations, free from
significant bias.</span></p><p id="gmail-m_4912000273333242376gmail-p-22"><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally, this commentary would be
remiss if it did not mention a widely circulating conspiracy theory,
suggesting that 5G and related EMF exposures somehow contributed to the
creation or spread of the current COVID-19 pandemic. There are
knowledgeable commentators’ reports on the web debunking this theory, and no respectable scientist or publication has backed it. Indeed, combatting it is widely viewed by the scientific community as critical to dealing with the pandemic, as conspiracy theorists holding this view have already carried out violent attacks on mobile phone transmission facilities and other symbolic targets, distracting the public and authorities at a time when pandemic control actions are paramount. 42 This writer completely supports that view of the broader scientific community: the theory that 5G and related EMFs have contributed to the pandemic is baseless.<br /><br />It follows that, for the current 5G roll-out, there is a sound basis for invoking ‘the precautionary principle’. This is the environmental and occupational health principle by which significant doubt about the safety of a new and potentially widespread human exposure should be a reason to call a moratorium on that exposure, pending adequate scientific investigation of its suspected adverse health effects. In short, one should ‘err on the side of caution’. In the case of 5G transmission systems, there is no compelling public health or safety rationale for their rapid deployment. The main gains being promised are either economic (for some parties only, not necessarily with widely distributed financial benefits across the population) or related to increased consumer convenience. Until we know more about what we are getting into, from a health and ecological point of view, those putative gains need to wait.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="https://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2021/01/04/jech-2019-213595" target="_blank">https://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2021/01/04/jech-2019-213595</a> or <a href="https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/early/2021/01/04/jech-2019-213595.full.pdf" target="_blank">https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/early/2021/01/04/jech-2019-213595.full.pdf</a></span></p></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Chemical polarization effects of electromagnetic field radiation from the novel 5G network deployment at ultra high frequency</span></b></div>
<header class="gmail-scientific-article__header"><br /></header><header class="gmail-scientific-article__header"><span style="font-family: arial;">Ugochukwu O. Matthew, Jazuli S. Kazaure. Chemical polarization effects of electromagnetic field radiation from the novel 5G network deployment at ultra high frequency. Health Technology (Berl). 2021 Jan 27: 1-13. </span><span class="gmail-doi" style="font-family: arial;">doi: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12553-020-00501-x" target="_blank">10.1007/s12553-020-00501-x</a>.</span></header><div class="gmail-rich-text"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-rich-text"><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract
</span><div class="gmail-Para" id="gmail-Par1"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-Para"><span style="font-family: arial;">The wide-spectrum of
non-ionizing, non-visible radiation emitted from the novel 5G network
deployment was investigated and found liable to produce effects capable
of heating up and altering human body nomenclature. The Ultra-high
frequency magnetic fields, induced circulation of currents in the
surrounding human body when potentially exposed. The quantum of these
electromagnetic charges is influenced by the magnitude of the external
magnetic field. The Magnetic fields warming is the major organic
consequence of the electromagnetic fields radiofrequency radiation
emitted from 5G network installation especially at a very high
frequencies. From the current research, the levels of electromagnetic
fields to which individuals are naturally unmasked under 4G network and
5G network technology in SCENARIO1, SCENARIO 2 and SCENARIO 3 are very
negligible to alter human body dipolar chemistry. On the several
findings of the research, deploying 5G network technology under the
ultra-high frequency above 20 GHz will produce effect that will heat up
the human body tissues due to electromagnetic field inducement since
human body is dipolar in nature. The research established that while the
current digital society will continue investment into 5G network
technology, caution must be applied not to deploy 5G network under
ultra-high frequency above 20 GHz due to its adverse health effects.</span></div><div class="gmail-Para"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-Para"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusions</span><section aria-labelledby="Sec6"><div class="gmail-c-article-section" id="gmail-Sec6-section"><div class="gmail-c-article-section__content" id="gmail-Sec6-content"><p><span style="font-family: arial;">From
the knowledge and principle of electromagnetism, human beings are
constituted of substantial amount of oriented cells with diverse
electromagnetic field attributes. The Biological attributes of the human
tissue under diverse electromagnetic radiative emission are studied and
that had provided the basis upon which the current research on the
effects of electromagnetic fields on the human body. The heating
consequences of the radio electromagnetic waves from 5G network
technology deployment had formed the fundamental basis for current
research. On the several findings of the research, deploying 5G network
technology under the ultra-high baseband above 20 GHz will produce
effects such as heating up of the body tissues due to electromagnetic
field inducement on the account that human body is dipolar in nature.
The effects will extend to produce dielectric polarization, ionic
polarization, interfacial polarization and orientational polarization.
This is generally on the account that variations on dielectric
properties of biological tissues with the frequency of the
electromagnetic field inducement are very dissimilar. While it is very
imperative to determine the frequency distribution in deploying the
novel 5G network to avoid adverse dielectric dispersion that may flow
into the human body.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/chemical-polarization-effects-of-electromagnetic-field-radiation/18805704" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/chemical-polarization-effects-of-electromagnetic-field-radiation/18805704</a></p></div></div></section></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div class="gmail-document-header-metrics-banner gmail-row"><div class="gmail-document-banner gmail-col gmail-stats-document-banner"><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized" style="text-align: center;"><span class="gmail-authors-info"><span class="gmail-blue-tooltip"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">New IEEE paper questions safety of exposure to 5G cell phone radiation</span></b></span></span></div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><br /></div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><div class="gmail-authors-container gmail-stats-document-authors-banner-authorsContainer"><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><span style="font-family: arial;">There has been considerable public pressure
in many countries including the U.S.
to stop deployment of 5G due to potential health risks. Most of the attention has focused on the cell towers or base stations; however, the safety of using 5G cell phones and other 5G personal devices may be an even greater concern due to the proximity of these devices to our bodies.</span></div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><span style="font-family: arial;">A new peer-reviewed paper, "<span class="gmail-authors-info"><span class="gmail-blue-tooltip">Human Electromagnetic Field Exposure in 5G at 28 GHz</span></span>," questions the safety of exposure to 5G millimeter waves. The authors found in a simulation study that use of a 5G cell phone at 28 GHz could exceed ICNIRP (i.e. international) radio frequency exposure limits when held at 8 centimeters (i.e., 3 inches) or closer to the head or body. Whereas the ICNIRP exposure limit for the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is 2.0 watts per kilogram averaged over 10 grams of tissue, the FCC limit is 2-3 times more conservative, namely the SAR limit is 1.6 watts per kilogram averaged over only 1 gram of tissue. This means compliance with the FCC exposure limit would require a greater separation distance from the body than 8 centimeters in the U.S.<br /></span><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"></div>
</div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><span style="font-family: arial;">Although there have been numerous peer-reviewed papers that have raised serious concerns about the safety of exposure to<a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2017/09/5g-wireless-technology-is-5g-harmful-to.html"> 5G radiation</a> and/or<a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2017/08/5g-wireless-technology-millimeter-wave.html"> millimeter waves</a>, this new paper is significant because it is published in an industry-sponsored journal, the November/December issue of<i><b> IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine.</b></i></span></div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><div class="gmail-authors-container gmail-stats-document-authors-banner-authorsContainer"><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><br /></div></div></div></div><div class="gmail-authors-container gmail-stats-document-authors-banner-authorsContainer"><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><span class="gmail-authors-info"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-blue-tooltip"></span></span></span></div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-authors-info"><span class="gmail-blue-tooltip">Seungmo Kim,</span> </span><span class="gmail-authors-info">Imtiaz Nasim.</span> Human Electromagnetic Field Exposure in 5G at 28 GHz. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. 9(6):41-48. Nov. 1 2020.<strong> </strong>DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2019.2956223" target="_blank">10.1109/MCE.2019.2956223.</a></span></div></div></div><div class="gmail-authors-info-container gmail-overflow-ellipsis gmail-authors-minimized"><br /></div></div></div><div class="gmail-row gmail-document-main-body"><div class="gmail-document-main-content-container"><section class="gmail-tab-pane gmail-col-24-24 gmail-u-printing-display-inline-ie gmail-u-printing-display-inline-ff"><div class="gmail-document-main-left-trail-content"><div id="gmail-"><section class="gmail-document-abstract gmail-document-tab"><div class="gmail-abstract-desktop-div gmail-hide-mobile"><div class="gmail-abstract-text gmail-row"><div class="gmail-col-12"><div class="gmail-u-mb-1"><strong><span style="font-family: arial;"> Abstract</span></strong><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The
fifth-generation wireless (5G) has already started showing its
capability to achieve extremely fast data transfer, which makes itself
considered to be a promising mobile technology. However, concerns have
been raised on adverse health impacts that human users can experience in
a 5G system by being exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This
article investigates the human EMF exposure in a 5G system and compares
them with those measured in the previous-generation cellular systems. It
suggests a minimum separation distance between a transmitter and a
human user for keeping the EMF exposure below the safety regulation
level, which provides consumers with a general understanding on the safe
use of 5G communications.</span></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></section></div></div>
<div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9090831"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9090831</span></a></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></b></div><div></div><div>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">"First, we discuss the human EMF exposure in the <i>downlink</i> as
well as the uplink. Most of the prior work studies the uplink only,
while hardly paying attention to EMF emissions generated by BSs
[base stations or cell towers]
in a 5G
network. Recall the aforementioned changes that the 5G adopts: 1)
operation at higher carrier frequencies; 2) reduction of cell size
(which leads to increase in number of BSs; and 3) concentration of
higher EMF energy into an antenna beam. They all imply that in 5G,
unlike the previous-generation wireless systems, the downlink can also
be a threat to human health as well as the uplink.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Second, we suggest that <i>both SAR [Specific Absorption Rate] and PD</i>
[power density] should be used to display human EMF exposure for a wireless system. The
reason is that SAR captures an amount of EMF energy that is actually
“absorbed” into human tissues, whereas PD is an efficient metric only to
present the EMF energy being introduced to a human user.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Third, we present an <i>explicit comparison</i> of human EMF exposure in 5G to those in the currently deployed wireless standards....</span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">Fourth, we consider the maximum possible exposure that a human user can experience...."</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
"... in a 5G network, a consumer is likely to be exposed to high EMF energy
more consistently. Nevertheless, it is easier to apply a “compliance
distance” <a id="gmail-context_ref_17_">[17]</a>
in a downlink than in an uplink. Thus, this article suggests 1) an
overhaul of the compliance distances defined in different standards and
2) the consumers’ discretion on being close to a BS...."
</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">"... the
fact that a high-frequency EMF cannot penetrate deep into human skin
does not mean that it is not dangerous. Specifically, although the
penetration is limited only at the skin surface, the SAR (illustrated as
a heat map in <a class="gmail-fulltext-link">Figure 4</a>) can be higher within the concentrated area, which can cause subsequent health problems such as skin heating."
</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Downlink vs. Uplink<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">"Figure 3(c) and (d) compare PD and SAR in uplink to the <a href="https://www.icnirp.org/en/activities/news/news-article/rf-guidelines-2020-published.html">ICNIRP guidelines</a> set at 10 W/m2 and 2W/kg, respectively. PD and SAR are remarkably higher in uplink than those in downlink, shown via a comparison of the results for uplink to those for downlink shown in Figure 3(a) and (b). It is attributed to smaller separation distance between a transmitter and a human body. Imagine one talking on a voice call; it is a “direct” physical contact of the phone and the head!<br /><br />Also, it is significant to notice that no regulation exists at 28 GHz where this article investigates for 5G. As such, we refer to the ICNIRP's guideline that is set to be 2 W/kg by ICNIRP[11] at a frequency “below 10 GHz.” In Figure 3(d), it provides a ““inferred” understanding on SAR in an uplink. The zoom-in look shown in Figure 3(d) suggests that in 5G,<b> use of a handheld device within the distance of 8 cm causes an EMF absorption exceeding 2 W/kg, which would have been prohibited if the carrier frequency was lower than 10 GHz</b>. This implies the gravity of human EMF exposure in an uplink of 5G."</span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></p><p>
</p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">"This article has discussed human EMF exposure in 5G operating at
28 GHz, while most of the prior work focuses only on the technological
benefits that the technology brings. Considering the significance of
wireless technologies in our daily life, the potential danger of using
them should also be emphasized for sustainable advancement of the
technologies. In this article, the first case study has demonstrated how
much EMF exposure is caused in a 5G system compared to 4G and 3.9G.
Then, the latter case study has suggested an adequate separation
distance from a transmitter, in order to keep a human user from being
exposed to EMF below a regulatory guideline. This article is expected to
ignite continued interest in overarching research on the design of
future wireless systems that achieve high performance while keeping
consumer safety guaranteed.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">However, considering the gravity of this issue, we suggest several directions to be achieved in our future research.</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Human EMF exposure mitigation strategy:</i>
We are particularly interested in exploiting the technical features in
future wireless systems—i.e., a larger number of BSs within a unit area.
Such a paradigm change will enable a holistic, network-based approach
to mitigate the EMF exposure as an optimization problem with a set of
constraints representing the PD, SAR, and skin-temperature elevation.</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Further studies regarding exact human health impacts caused by EMF exposure:</i>
The particular focus will be put on 1) skin dielectric effect with
respect to frequency and 2) the effect of radiation when the body is
covered with clothing or garment materials."</span></p></li></ul><div><b>--</b></div></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Modelling of Total Exposure in Hypothetical 5G Mobile Networks </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>for Varied Topologies and User Scenarios</b><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Sven Kuehn, Serge Pfeifer, Beyhan Kochali, Niels Kuster.
Modelling of Total Exposure in Hypothetical 5G Mobile Networks for Varied Topologies and User Scenarios. Final Report of Project CRR-816. A report on behalf of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). Zurich, IT'IS Foundation. 24 June 2019.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Executive Summary<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">In January 2019, the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) mandated the IT’IS Foundation to evaluate the total human exposure in hypothetical 5G mobile networks for varied topologies and user scenarios to identify factors that would minimize the total exposure of the population. In this study, total exposure is defined as the combined exposure from network base stations, the user’s own device, as well as bystanders’ mobile devices.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The influence of various factors on total exposure in mobile communication networks (as defined above) was modeled and analyzed with the help of the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Total exposure is described as the local peak specific absorption rate (SAR) spatially averaged over any 10 g of tissue mass (psaSAR10g) averaged over a period of 6 minutes. The unit psaSAR10g was chosen because it defines the governing basic restriction for wireless exposure as the whole-body average SAR limits (wbaSAR) are intrinsically met if the limits of local exposure are satisfied. The averaging duration of 6 minutes constitutes the internationally accepted averaging time to prevent thermal hazards at frequencies below 6 GHz as instant values have little justification. However, it should be noted that some regulators define shorter averaging time periods, e.g., the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of 100 s.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">In a first step, we analyzed the tissue-specific exposure as a function of frequency. The preliminary dosimetric study showed that exposure of the human brain to the 3.6 GHz band, that has been recently added to the Swiss mobile communication frequencies, is reduced by a factor of >6 for the tissue averaged SAR when compared to mobile network operation at <1 GHz. This reduction is due to the smaller penetration depth at higher frequencies. This conclusion, however, does not apply to exposed tissues close to the surface or skin (eyes, testicles, etc.) when the peak SAR in this tissue is evaluated. The peak SAR in the grey matter remains in approximately the same order of magnitude ( 3 dB) over all frequencies but the area of high exposure is reduced at 3.6 GHz.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">In a second step, we used data measured in 4G systems and analyzed the latest mobile network standards to extrapolate the exposures for various 5G network scenarios. These measured data were also used to extrapolate the exposure to the future development of data usage in 5G networks.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Specifically, we analyzed the effect on the total exposure of (i) the network topology by varying the cell size and amount of indoor coverage in the network, as well as the usage of (ii) an individual’s own device, and (iii) devices of close bystanders.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The results – based on simulations of more than 200 different exposure scenarios – reveal that, for all user types, except for non-users (including passive mobile phone users and users dominantly using downlink data traffic, e.g., video streaming), total exposure is dominated by the person’s own mobile device. Compared to non-users, the exposure is increased (i) for light users (with 100 MByte uplink data per day) by 6 – 10 dB (or a factor of 4 to 10), (ii) for moderate users (with 1 GByte uplink data per day) by 13 – 25 dB (or a factor of 20 to >300), and (iii) for heavy users by 15 – 40 dB (or a factor of 30 to >10000). Further, the results show that peak exposure of non-users is not defined by exposure to base stations but by exposure to mobile devices of close bystanders in urban areas resulting in 6 dB (or a factor of 4) higher exposure than from a nearby base station antenna.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">While a reduction of the mobile cell size leads to a reduction in total exposure by a factor of 2 to10 for people actively using their mobile devices, this might also lead to a small increase by a factor of 1.6 in total exposure of non-users due the generally increased incident signal levels from the surrounding base stations.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Similarly, the exposure of active users can be reduced by a factor of 4 to 600 by increasing the indoor network coverage. Yet, in line with the results for the mobile cell sizes, increased indoor coverage will also lead to increased exposure of non-users by a factor of 2 to 10. This increase, however, starts at a level 1000 times lower than the typical total exposure of active users. <br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The results of this study show that the personal mobile device is the dominant exposure source for active mobile network users. Besides a person’s own usage behavior, total exposure is also closely linked to the network infrastructure. Generally speaking, a network with a lower path loss, i.e., smaller cells and additional indoor coverage, helps to reduce total exposure. The exposure per transmitted bit is reduced by a factor of <3 by the increased spectral efficiency of the 5G technology, and the reduced penetration depth associated with the new bands at 3.5 – 3.8 GHz. <br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The results presented above are limited due to the network data that has been used and the definition of total exposure as stated in this report. Furthermore, it only considers time-averaged (6 min) and not instant exposures. This study does not consider (i) the effect of upcoming massive MIMO systems in 5G networks, (ii) alternative data transmission links, for instance the use of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and (iii) millimeter wave frequencies in 5G mobile networks.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusions</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The results of this study show that the absorption of energy by the human brain, resulting from exposure to the 3.6 GHz band newly added to the Swiss mobile communication frequencies, is reduced by a factor >6 for the tissue averaged SAR when compared to mobile networks operating at <1 GHz, and by a factor of >2 when compared to the frequency bands at 1.8 – 2GHz. For deep brain regions, the reduction is much larger.</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The reduced exposure for these regions is due to lower penetration depths at higher frequencies. Close to the surface (eyes, testicles, etc.) the exposure can be higher. At the most exposed surface of the grey matter, the values remain approximately 3 dB over all frequencies whereas the area of high exposure is reduced.</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />More than 200 Monte Carlo simulated exposure scenarios have been analyzed to evaluate total human exposure in 5G Networks for different topologies and user scenarios. The results show that for all users (except non-users), the total exposure is dominated by a person’s own mobile device. Compared to a non-user, the exposure is increased for a light user (with 100 MByte uplink data per day) by 6 – 10 dB (or by a factor 4 to 10), for a moderate user (with 1 GByte uplink data per day) by 13 – 25 dB (or by a factor of 20 to >300), and for a heavy user by 25 – 40 dB (or a factor of 300 to >10000). The peak exposure of non-users is further not defined by exposure to surrounding base stations but by mobile devices of close bystanders in urban areas, resulting in 6 dB (or a factor of 4) higher exposure than from a nearby base station antenna. <br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Reducing the diameter of the mobile cell leads to a decreased overall exposure by a factor of 2 to 10 for people who actively use their mobile devices. At the same time, the reduction in cell size might lead to a small increase by a factor <2 in exposure for non-users. The exposure of active users can be reduced by factors ranging from 4 to 600 by increasing indoor network coverage which, in turn, will be linked to increased exposure of non-users by a factor of 2 to 10. However, such an increase is by a factor 1000 lower than the typical exposure of active users. The results of this study are limited due to the network data that has been used and the definition of total exposure as stated earlier in this report. This study does not consider (i) the effect of upcoming massive MIMO and multi-user MIMO systems in 5G networks, (ii) alternative data transmission links – for instance the use of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and (iii) millimeter wave frequencies in 5G mobile networks.<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">In summary, the results of this study show that the user’s own mobile device is the dominant source of exposure for the population of active mobile network users. Besides personal usage patterns, totl exposure is also closely linked to the network infrastructure. Generally speaking, a network that decreases the path loss by means of smaller cells and additional indoor coverage will help to reduce the total exposure of the population.</span><br clear="all" /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div>
<a href="https://www.bafu.admin.ch/dam/bafu/en/dokumente/elektrosmog/externe-studien-berichte/modelling-of-total-exposure-in-hypothetical-5g-mobile-networks-for-varied-topologies-and-user-scenarios.pdf.download.pdf/Modelling%20of%20Total%20Exposure%20in%20Hypothetical%205G%20Networks%20-%20Schlussbericht.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">https://www.bafu.admin.ch/dam/<wbr></wbr>bafu/en/dokumente/elektrosmog/<wbr></wbr>externe-studien-berichte/<wbr></wbr>modelling-of-total-exposure-<wbr></wbr>in-hypothetical-5g-mobile-<wbr></wbr>networks-for-varied-<wbr></wbr>topologies-and-user-scenarios.<wbr></wbr>pdf.download.pdf/Modelling%<wbr></wbr>20of%20Total%20Exposure%20in%<wbr></wbr>20Hypothetical%205G%<wbr></wbr>20Networks%20-%<wbr></wbr>20Schlussbericht.pdf</span></a></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>--</b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Oct 14, 2020</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">5G Research
from the EMF-Portal Archive<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As of June 1, 2020, the </span><a href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/overview/mobile-communications-5g/other" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>EMF-Portal</b></span></a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b> </b>archive listed 133 papers and letters to the editor published in professional journals and
presentations at professional conferences that focus on 5G research. Although most
discuss technical or dosimetric issues (n = 92), 41 citations address other
issues including <b>potential </b>biologic or health effects. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">In all, the </span><a href="https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/overview/mobile-communications-5g/other" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b>EMF-Portal archive</b></span></a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b> </b>references more than 30,000 publications and presentations on non-ionizing electromagnetic fields. The Portal is a project based at the </span><a href="https://www.ukaachen.de/en.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b>University Hospital RWTH Aachen</b></span></a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">, Germany.</span><br />
<br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Currently, no peer-reviewed, empirical studies of the biologic
or health effects from actual exposure to 5G radiation have been published. Hence,
those who claim that 5G is safe because it complies with radiofrequency
exposure guidelines are engaging in sophistry.</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These guidelines were designed to protect the
population from short-term heating (or thermal) risks. However, numerous peer-reviewed
studies have found adverse biologic and health effects from exposure to low-intensity
or non-thermal levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF). Hence, more than 240 EMF
scientists who have signed the<b> </b></span><a href="https://emfscientist.org/index.php/emf-scientist-appeal" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>International EMF Scientist Appeal</b></span></a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> have recommended that “</span><span face=""helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #414141;">guidelines and regulatory standards be strengthened”:</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Numerous recent scientific publications have shown
that EMF affects living organisms at levels well below most international and
national guidelines…. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #414141;">The
various agencies setting safety standards have failed to impose sufficient
guidelines to protect the general public, particularly children who are more
vulnerable to the effects of EMF.”</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">To download the list of 133 papers and presentations: </span><span style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b><a href="http://bit.ly/EmfPortal5G" target="_blank">bit.ly/EmfPortal5G</a></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">5G Wireless Deployment and Health Risks: Time for a Medical Discussion </span></b></div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Priyanka
Bandara, Tracy Chandler, Robin Kelly, Julie McCredden, Murray May,
Steve Weller, Don Maisch, Susan Pockett, Victor Leach, Richard Cullen,
Damian Wojcik.
5G Wireless Deployment and Health Risks: Time for a Medical Discussion
in Australia and New Zealand. ACNEM Journal. 39(1). July 2020.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">No abstract.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts<br />
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">"There is an urgent need for clinicians and
medical scientists in the Australia-New Zealand region to engage in an
objective discussion around the potential health impacts of the fifth
generation (5G) wireless technology currently being deployed. The
statements of assurance by the industry and government parties that
dominate the media in our region are at odds with the warnings of
hundreds of scientists actively engaged in research on biological/health
effects of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation/fields (EMR/EMF).
(1) There have been worldwide public protests as well as appeals by
professionals and the general public (2) that have compelled many cities
in Europe to declare moratoria on 5G deployment and to begin
investigations. In contrast, there is no medically-oriented
professional discussion on this public health topic in Australia and New
Zealand, where 5G deployment is being expedited. 5G is untested for
safety on humans and other species and the limited existing evidence
raises major concerns that need to be addressed. The vast body of
research literature on biological/health effects of ‘wireless
radiation’ (radiofrequency EMR) (3,4) indicates a range of
health-related issues associated with different types of wireless
technologies (1G-4G, WiFi, Bluetooth, Radar, radio/TV transmission,
scanning and surveillance systems). These are used in a wide range of
personal devices in common use (mobile/cordless phones, computers, baby
monitors, games consoles etc) without users being aware of the health
risks. Furthermore, serious safety concerns arise from the extra
complexity of 5G as follows: </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">•
5G carrier waves use a much broader part of the microwave spectrum
including waves with wavelengths in the millimetre range (hence called
‘millimetre waves’) which will be used in the second phase of 5G).
Until now, millimetre waves have had limited applications such as radar,
point-to-point communications links and non-lethal military weapons.
(5)<br />• Extremely complex modulation patterns involving numerous frequencies form novel exposures.<br />• Beam formation characteristics can produce hotspots of high unknown intensities.<br />•
A vast number of antenna arrays will add millions of microwave
transmitters globally in addition to the existing RF transmitters
thereby greatly increasing human exposure. This includes 5G small cell
antennas to be erected every 200-250 metres on street fixtures, such as
power poles and bus shelters, many of which will be only metres from
homes with the homeowners having absolutely no say in where the antennas
will be located.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">This massive leap in human
exposure to RF-EMR from 5G is occurring in a setting where the existing
scientific evidence overwhelmingly indicates biological interference,
(3,4) therefore suggesting the need to urgently reduce exposure...."</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">"As
for the new 5G technology, it is concerning that leading experts in the
technical field (6) have reported the possibility of damaging thermal
spikes under the current exposure guidelines (from beam forming 5G
millimetre waves that transfer data with short bursts of high energy)
and some animals and children may be at an increased risk due to smaller
body size. Even working within the entirely thermally-based current
regulatory process, they pointed out 5G millimetre waves “may lead to
permanent tissue damage after even short exposures, highlighting the
importance of revisiting existing exposure guidelines”. (6) Microwave
experts from the US Air Force have reported on ‘Brillouin Precursors’
created by sharp transients at the leading and trailing edges of pulses
of mm waves, when beam forming fast millimetre waves create moving
charges in the body which penetrate deeper than explained in the
conventional models, and have the potential to cause tissue damage. (7)
In fact, concerns about moving charges affecting deep tissue are
associated with other forms of pulsed RF radiation currently used for
wireless communications. This may be one factor explaining why the
pulsed radiation used in wireless communication technologies is more
biologically active than continuous RF radiation. (8) Such effects of
high energy 5G mm waves could have potentially devastating consequences
for species with small body size and also creatures that have innate
sensitivity to EMF, which include birds and bees that use nature’s EMFs
for navigation. (9) Unfortunately, non-thermal effects and chronic
exposure effects are not addressed in the current guidelines. (10)"</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">"Our
investigation into the scientific literature has found RF-EMR to be a
potent inducer of oxidative stress even at so-called “low-intensity”
exposures (which are in fact billions of times higher than in nature
(26)) such as those from commonly used wireless devices. An analysis
(22) of 242 publications (experimental studies) which had investigated
endpoints related to oxidative stress - biomarkers of oxidative damage
such as 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (indicating oxidative DNA damage) and/or
altered antioxidant levels - revealed that 216 studies (89%) had
reported such findings (Fig. 1). This evidence base on RF-associated
oxidative stress from 26 countries (only one study from Australia and
none from New Zealand) is relatively new and mostly post 2010, i.e.
after the WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
classified RF-EMR as a Group 2B possible carcinogen. Moreover, 180
studies out of the 242 (74.7%) were in vivo studies (including several
human studies) which presents strong evidence. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">"Proponents
of 5G often dismiss concerns about health risks claiming that 5G
microwaves will minimally penetrate the skin and therefore any effects
are limited to minor skin heating (and they acknowledge that there is
some uncertainty around heating effects on the eyes). The medical
community understands that skin is the largest organ of the human body
and a key part of the neuro-immune and neuro-endocrine systems. Natural
UVA and UVB (also so-called non-ionizing radiation) that penetrate the
skin less than 5G millimetre waves have profound effects on health and
wellbeing of humans. Therefore, artificial 5G waves must be subjected to
rigorous safety testing."</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">"Unfortunately, the
questionable conduct of regulatory agencies such as ARPANSA and WHO’s
international EMF Project (43) with conflicts of interest due to funding
links to the wireless industry (44) remains to be investigated. More
open questioning and protests are appearing in Europe and North America
where there is some level of engagement on the part of government bodies
in response to warnings of adverse health effects of anthropogenic
EMF/EMR by expert medical bodies such as EUROPAEM and AAEM (31,32)
(despite industry opposition)."</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">--</span></span><br />
<span style="text-align: center;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
</span><div class="gmail_quote"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;">5G Communication Technology and Coronavirus Disease [Health Matters]</b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />James C. Lin. 5G Communication Technology and Coronavirus Disease [Health
Matters]. IEEE Microwave Magazine, 21(9):16-19. Sep 2020.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">No abstract.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"The fact is that there is no link between the COVID-19 virus and 5G cell phone technology or 5G base-station communication towers. These are totally different constructs; they are not even close. None of the conspiracy theories that try to link 5G and the coronavirus make any sense scientifically."</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"For biological matters, it is not obvious whether the biological responses to high-band 5G radiation will be akin to earlier generations or low-band 5G radiations, given the distinctive characteristics of mm-wave [millimeter wave] and its interaction with the complex structure and composition of pertinent biological tissues."</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"It is important to note that the recent NTP and Ramazzini RF exposure studies presented similar findings in terms of heart schwannomas and brain gliomas. Thus, two relatively well-conducted RF exposure studies employing the same strain of rats showed consistent results in significantly increased cancer risks. More recently, an advisory group for the IARC has recommended including reevaluation of the carcinogenicity of human exposure to RF radiation, with high priority, in their monograph series [7]."</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"... the 5G frequency domain is divided into low, mid, and high bands. The operating frequencies at low and mid bands can overlap with the current 4G band at 6 GHz or below. Thus, the biological effects of RF radiation at these lower frequency bands are likely to be comparable to 2, 3, or 4G. However, the scenarios of high-band 5G—especially for 24–60 GHz in the mm-wave region for high-capacity, short-range wireless data communications—are relatively recent arrivals and pose considerable challenge to health risk assessment. There is a paucity of data on permittivity and coupling, such as reflection, transmission, and induced energy deposition, in biological tissues in the mm-wave frequency band."</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"Induced energy deposition increases with mm-wave frequency. However, at the highest frequencies, the energy deposition in the deeper regions inside the skin is lower because of the reduced penetration depth at these frequencies [11]." </span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"A recently published review [13] included 45 in vivo studies conducted using laboratory animals and other biological preparations and 53 in vitro studies involving primary cells and cultured cell lines.... This industry-supported review noted that, aside from the wide frequency ranges, the studies were diverse both in subjects and in the end points investigated. Biological effects were observed to occur both in vivo and in vitro for different biological endpoints studied. Indeed, the percentage of positive responses at nonthermal levels in most frequency groups was as high as 70%."</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"While many of these investigations with mm-wave exposures reported biological responses, there is inconsistency in the dependence of biological effects and mm-wave intensity used for exposure. Also, the reported in vitro and in vivo laboratory investigations are modest in number and diverse in subject matter, considering the wide 5G/mmwave frequency domain. The jury on the biological effect or health impact is still out on 5G. Moreover, there is a lack of ongoing controlled laboratory investigations. Simply put, the existing scientific data are too limited for any reliable assessment or conclusion with certainty."</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="https://ieeexplore-ieee-org/document/9154657" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore-ieee-org/document/9154657</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">--</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Setting
Guidelines for Electromagnetic Exposures and Research Needs</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Barnes F,
Greenebaum B. Setting Guidelines for Electromagnetic Exposures and Research
Needs. Bioelectromagnetics. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">2020 Jul;41(5):392-397. doi: 10.1002/bem.22267. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">
<br />
Abstract<br />
<br />
Current limits for exposures to nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) are
set, based on relatively short-term exposures. Long-term exposures to weak EMF
are not addressed in the current guidelines. Nevertheless, a large and growing
amount of evidence indicates that long-term exposure to weak fields can affect
biological systems and might have effects on human health. If they do, the
public health issues could be important because of the very large fraction of
the population worldwide that is exposed. We also discuss research that needs
to be done to clarify questions about the effects of weak fields. In addition
to the current short-term exposure guidelines, we propose an approach to how
weak field exposure guidelines for long-term exposures might be set, in which
the responsibility for limiting exposure is divided between the manufacturer,
system operator, and individual being exposed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32311139/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32311139/</a></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“Both IEEE and
ICNIRP base their analyses on rigorous reviews of the scientific literature and
on established firm evidence of health effects in humans. The present
guidelines are based on acute exposures; to date both IEEE and ICNIRP have not
found sufficient evidence to include health effects of long-term exposures at
lower levels. However, over the last 20 years the evidence has become extremely
strong that weaker EMF over the whole range for frequencies from static through
millimeter waves can modify biological processes. There is now solid
experimental evidence and supporting theory showing that weak fields,
especially but not exclusively at low frequencies, can modify reactive free
radical concentrations and that changes in radical concentration and that of
other signaling molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide and calcium, can modify
biological processes …”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">“The evidence
that weak radiofrequency (RF) and low-frequency fields can modify human health
is still less strong, but the experiments supporting both conclusions are too
numerous to be uniformly written off as a group due to poor technique, poor
dosimetry, or lack of blinding in some cases, or other good laboratory
practices. Based on recent studies by the National Toxicology Program (NTP)
[Smith</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">‐</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Roe et
al., 2020] and the Ramazzini Foundation [Falcioni et al., 2018] as well as
laboratory data, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has
declared RF fields as possible human carcinogens [IARC, 2013]. A recent paper
extends the NTP studies by evaluating genotoxicity in animals exposed to fields
at or over the guideline limits and found DNA damage in Comet assays [Smith</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">‐</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Roe et al., 2020]. Many other papers
indicate similar results, but many negative results are also in the
literature.”<br />
<br />
“PROPOSED APPROACH TO SETTING EXPOSURE LIMITS<br />
<br />
From these and other lines of solid research, the guidelines for exposure could
be revised. Increased emphasis on long-term exposures may require refining the
concept of dose to more flexibly combine exposure time and field intensity or
energy absorbed. Eventual guidelines might suggest limiting cell phone calls to
X hours per day with exposure levels above Y W/m2, and for Z days per week
exposure should be less than Y W/m2 to allow the body to reset its baseline.”<br />
<br />
“What is missing in the current guidelines or regulations are guidelines for
long-term exposure to weak EMF….”<br />
<br />
“Guidelines should be set at three levels: the individual user, local company,
and national or international level…. External guidance, in terms of informed
recommendations or at least analysis of various intensities and styles of usage
from some agency such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or NIH,
would be useful.<br />
<br />
Limits on the time for operations of base stations and exposures in adjacent
living spaces are not controlled by the user and must be set by competent
authorities, based on scientific evidence. It is likely to be difficult to
specify times when exposures to RF signals are zero or below some limit. What
will be needed is being able to say with some certainty that exposure below a
given level has not been shown to cause changes in body chemistry above some
level. A starting point might be current levels from TV and radio stations that
are large enough to give signal-to-noise ratios around 20 dB (100-fold) with
typical receiving systems. Currently, mean values for the population's exposure
to these systems are estimated to be around 0.1 V/m and peak exposures range up
to 2 V/m, which exceed current exposure limits for a small fraction of the
population. Therefore, one starting point for exposure limits might be an
average of 0.1 V/m, not based on research but on practicality, until further
research results dictate either a lower or higher limit.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div>
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Effects of 5G Wireless Communication on Human Health</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Karaboytcheva M. </span><span style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Effects of 5G wireless communication on human health.<b> </b></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS). B</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">riefing document: PE 646.172. March 2020.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Summary</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The fifth generation of telecommunications technologies, 5G, is fundamental to achieving a European gigabit society by 2025.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The aim to cover all urban areas, railways and major roads with uninterrupted fifth generation wireless communication can only be achieved by creating a very dense network of antennas and transmitters. In other words, the number of higher frequency base stations and other devices will increase significantly.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">This raises the question as to whether there is a negative impact on human health and environment from higher frequencies and billions of additional connections, which, according to research, will mean constant exposure for the whole population, including children. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Whereas researchers generally consider such radio waves not to constitute a threat to the population, research to date has not addressed the constant exposure that 5G would introduce. Accordingly, a section of the scientific community considers that more research on the potential negative biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and 5G is needed, notably on the incidence of some serious human diseases. A further consideration is the need to bring together researchers from different disciplines, in particular medicine and physics or engineering, to conduct further research into the effects of 5G.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The EU’s current provisions on exposure to wireless signals, the Council Recommendation on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz), is now 20 years old, and thus does not take the specific technical characteristics of 5G into account.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">In this Briefing</span></b></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Difference between 5G and current technology</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Regulation of electromagnetic fields and 5G exposure </span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">European Parliament Research on EMF and 5G effects on human health </span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Stakeholders' views</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The road ahead for 5G</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper:<b> </b></span><span style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/EUParl5G" target="_blank"><b>http://bit.ly/EUParl5G</b></a></span></span></span></div>
</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Adverse health effects of 5G mobile networking technology under real-life conditions</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kostoff RN, Heroux P, Aschner M, Tsatsakis A. Adverse health effects of 5G mobile networking technology under real-life conditions. Toxicology Letters. 323(1):35-40. May 2020. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.020" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.020</a>.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2m7kDEOY7zJGFnHFNXrzB5EVQf8Cc0p2KntB1EXr3NUYq1oK2FV6xCwh83c4ub3Ifs0MPgwYvrOYYppvWfihHxPXrrOZRseA2IT6H9g3ZdXBBletVir3TX2YCFPPFJZ_-HF58fmWXdlU/s1600/Kostoff+adverse+health+effects.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="581" data-original-width="1600" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2m7kDEOY7zJGFnHFNXrzB5EVQf8Cc0p2KntB1EXr3NUYq1oK2FV6xCwh83c4ub3Ifs0MPgwYvrOYYppvWfihHxPXrrOZRseA2IT6H9g3ZdXBBletVir3TX2YCFPPFJZ_-HF58fmWXdlU/s400/Kostoff+adverse+health+effects.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Highlights</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">• Identifies wide-spectrum of adverse health effects of non-ionizing non-visible radiation<br />• Most laboratory experiments were not designed to identify the more severe adverse effects reflective of real-life conditions<br />• Many experiments do not include the real-life pulsing and modulation of the carrier signal<br />• Vast majority of experiments do not account for synergistic adverse effects of other toxic stimuli with wireless radiation<br />• 5G mobile networking technology will affect not only the skin and eyes, but will have adverse systemic effects as well<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />This article identifies adverse effects of non-ionizing non-visible radiation (hereafter called wireless radiation) reported in the premier biomedical literature. It emphasizes that most of the laboratory experiments conducted to date are not designed to identify the more severe adverse effects reflective of the real-life operating environment in which wireless radiation systems operate. Many experiments do not include pulsing and modulation of the carrier signal. The vast majority do not account for synergistic adverse effects of other toxic stimuli (such as chemical and biological) acting in concert with the wireless radiation. This article also presents evidence that the nascent 5G mobile networking technology will affect not only the skin and eyes, as commonly believed, but will have adverse systemic effects as well.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31991167" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31991167</a> </b></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Appeals that matter or not on a moratorium on the deployment of the fifth generation, 5G, for microwave radiation</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Hardell L, Nyberg R. [Comment] Appeals that matter or not on a moratorium on the deployment of the fifth generation, 5G, for microwave radiation. Molecular and Clinical Oncology. Published online January 22, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2020.1984. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract<br /><br />Radiofrequency (RF) radiation in the frequency range of 30 kHz‑300 GHz is classified as a ‘possible’ human carcinogen, Group 2B, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) since 2011. The evidence has since then been strengthened by further research; thus, RF radiation may now be classified as a human carcinogen, Group 1. In spite of this, microwave radiations are expanding with increasing personal and ambient exposure. One contributing factor is that the majority of countries rely on guidelines formulated by the International Commission on Non‑Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), a private German non‑governmental organization. ICNIRP relies on the evaluation only of thermal (heating) effects from RF radiation, thereby excluding a large body of published science demonstrating the detrimental effects caused by non‑thermal radiation. The fifth generation, 5G, for microwave radiation is about to be implemented worldwide in spite of no comprehensive investigations of the potential risks to human health and the environment. In an appeal sent to the EU in September, 2017 currently >260 scientists and medical doctors requested for a moratorium on the deployment of 5G until the health risks associated with this new technology have been fully investigated by industry‑independent scientists. The appeal and four rebuttals to the EU over a period of >2 years, have not achieved any positive response from the EU to date. Unfortunately, decision makers seem to be uninformed or even misinformed about the risks. EU officials rely on the opinions of individuals within the ICNIRP and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), most of whom have ties to the industry. They seem to dominate evaluating bodies and refute risks. It is important that these circumstances are described. In this article, the warnings on the health risks associated with RF presented in the 5G appeal and the letters to the EU Health Commissioner since September, 2017 and the authors' rebuttals are summarized. The responses from the EU seem to have thus far prioritized industry profits to the detriment of human health and the environment.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpt</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">In conclusion, this article demonstrates that the EU
has given mandate to a 13‑member, non‑governmental
private group, the ICNIRP, to decide upon the RF radiation
guidelines. The ICNIRP, as well as SCENIHR, are well
shown not to use the sound evaluation of science on the
detrimental effects of RF radiation, which is documented
in the research which is discussed above (9,10,21‑24,54,55).
These two small organizations are producing reports which
seem to deny the existence of scientific published reports on
the related risks. It should perhaps be questioned whether it
is in the realm of protecting human health and the environment by EU and whether the safety of EU citizens and the
environment can be protected by not fully understanding
the health‑related risks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mco.2020.1984/download" target="_blank"><b>https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mco.2020.1984/download</b></a></span></span></div>
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<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: left;"><b>Spatial and Time Averaging Restrictions Within the Electromagnetic Exposure Safety Framework in the Frequency Range Above 6 GHz </b></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Neufeld E, Samaras T, Kuster N. Discussion on Spatial and Time Averaging Restrictions Within the Electromagnetic Exposure Safety Framework in the Frequency Range Above 6 GHz for Pulsed and Localized Exposures. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019 Dec 30. doi: 10.1002/bem.22244.</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Both the current and newly proposed safety guidelines for local human exposure to millimeter-wave frequencies aim at restricting the maximum local temperature increase in the skin to prevent tissue damage. In this study, we show that the application of the current and proposed limits for pulsed fields can lead to a temperature increase of 10°C for short pulses and frequencies between 6 and 30 GHz. We also show that the proposed averaging area of 4 cm2 , that is greatly reduced compared with the current limits, does not prevent high-temperature increases in the case of narrow beams. A realistic Gaussian beam profile with a 1 mm radius can result in a temperature increase about 10 times higher than the 0.4°C increase the same averaged power density would produce for a plane wave. In the case of pulsed narrow beams, the values for the time and spatial-averaged power density allowed by the proposed new guidelines could result in extreme temperature increases.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31885092" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31885092</a></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">....
In this letter, we look at limits, such as those currently proposed or
recently approved for the revised ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standard,
and investigate whether such limits are consistent with the stated goals
of the exposure safety frameworks of preventing excessive heating in
the case of pulsed and/or localized radiation. In cases when they are
not consistent, we discuss how consistency can be achieved. In line with
the above mentioned safety standards and exposure guidelines, the
presented analysis focuses exclusively on the magnitude of the tissue
temperature increase as a risk factor and does not consider other
aspects, such as the thermoelastic effect related to the rapidity of
temperature increase.....</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
In conclusion, the results presented above demonstrate that, in the case
of very short pulses, pulse‐duration‐independent limits imposed on
transmitted energy density (fluence) alone cannot preclude the induction
of high‐temperature increases in the skin. Pulse‐duration‐dependent
limits should be applied also for pulses less than 1 s and possibly less
than 30 GHz as well. Even though the amplifiers of the currently
developed consumer devices will not allow the full exploitation of the
limits of the guidelines, the guidelines should not implicitly rely on
this, as they will be used to develop exposure assessment standards with
the aim of ensuring safety of any future technology, e.g. IEC/IEEE
63195 [<span title=""><a class="gmail-bibLink gmail-tab-link" href="https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/doi/full/10.1002/bem.22244#bem22244-bib-0005" id="gmail-bem22244-bib-0005R">2018</a></span>].
Accordingly, either assumption must be explicitly stated in the
guidelines, or the limits should be adapted to be intrinsically safe. In
the absence of limitations applied to the peak‐to‐average power ratio
of pulses, it is possible to deliver to the body large amounts of energy
within a very short time interval. For millimeter‐wave frequencies,
where the absorption is superficial, this results in fast and dramatic
temperature rises, as the step response function is proportional to the
rapidly rising ... rather than the ... commonly encountered for deeper heating. As far as spatial averaging is
concerned, it has been shown that an averaging area smaller than 4 cm<sup>2</sup> should be introduced in order to avoid peak PDs in narrow beams [Neufeld and Kuster, <span title=""><a class="gmail-bibLink gmail-tab-link" href="https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/doi/full/10.1002/bem.22244#bem22244-bib-0011" id="gmail-bem22244-bib-0011R" target="_blank">2018</a></span>]
that overheat the tissues. With increasing beam radius, e.g. at larger
distances from the antenna(s), the tolerable averaging area increases
rapidly, provided that there are no sharp exposure peaks.
Duration‐independent limits on the fluence of pulses are not suitable.
They should either be replaced by duration‐dependent fluence limits for
pulses or by limits on the (temporal) peak exposure. In both cases, the
limits should be set after taking narrow‐beam exposures into
consideration. These limits will depend on the chosen spatial and
temporal averaging schemes and the maximum temperature increase deemed
acceptable. Forward‐looking knowledge about the technical needs and
priorities of the industry could allow for selecting the balance between
thresholds (averaging time and area, peak‐to‐average ratio, PD) to
minimally impact the technological potential using the same
limit‐setting framework.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> 5G
mobile networks rated as "high impact" risk for insurance industry</span></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">in
new Emerging Risk report from Swiss Re</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Swiss Re, one of the world's leading providers of insurance and reinsurance, rated 5G as a "high impact" risk for the insurance industry that may affect property and casualty claims in more than 3 years.</span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b> Off the leash – 5G mobile
networks</b></span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 30pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> "5G – short for fifth generation – is the latest standard for cellular
mobile communications. Providing ultrafast broadband connection with higher
capacity and lower latency, 5G is not only heaven for your smartphone. It will
enable wireless connectivity in real time for any device of the Internet of
things (IoT), whether that be autonomous cars or sensor-steered factory. In
doing so, it will allow decentralised seamless interconnectivity between
devices.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">To allow for a functional network
coverage and increased capacity overall, more antennas will be needed,
including acceptance of higher levels of electromagnetic radiation. In some
jurisdictions, the rise of threshold values will require legal adaptation.
Existing concerns regarding potential negative health effects from
electromagnetic fields (EMF) are only likely to increase. An uptick in
liability claims could be a potential long-term consequence.</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 30pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Other concerns are focused on cyber
exposures, which increase with the wider scope of 5G wireless attack surfaces.
Traditionally IoT devices have poor security features. Moreover, hackers can
also exploit 5G speed and volume, meaning that more data can be stolen much
quicker. A large-scale breakthrough of autonomous cars and other IoT
applications will mean that security features need to be enhanced at the same
pace. Without, interruption and subversion of the 5G platform could trigger
catastrophic, cumulative damage. With a change to more automation facilitated
by new technology like 5G, we might see a further shift from motor to more
general and product liability insurance. There are also worries about
privacy issues (leading to increased litigation risks), security breaches and
espionage. The focus is not only on hacking by third parties, but also
potential breaches from built-in hard- or software “backdoors.” In addition,
the market for 5G infrastructure is currently focussed on a couple of firms, and
that raises the spectre of concentration risk.</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Potential impacts:</span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 30pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Cyber exposures are significantly
increased with 5G, as attacks become faster and higher in volume. This
increases the challenge of defence.</span></div>
</blockquote>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Growing concerns of the health
implications of 5G may lead to political friction and delay of implementation,
and to liability claims. The introductions of 3G and 4G faced similar
challenges.</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Information security and national
sovereignty concerns might delay implementation of 5G further, increasing
uncertainty for planning authorities, investors, tech companies and insurers.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Heated international dispute over 5G
contractors and potential for espionage or sabotage could affect international
cooperation, and impact financial markets negatively.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 30pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->As the
biological effects of EMF in general and 5G in particular are still being
debated, potential claims for health impairments may come with a long latency."</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Source: Swiss Re. SONAR – New emerging risk insights. Zurich, Switzerland: Sustainability, Emerging and Political Risk Management, Swiss Re Institute, Strategy Development & Performance Management. May 2019. page 29.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sonar/sonar2019.html" target="_blank">https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sonar/sonar2019.html</a></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>5G Deployment</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Blackman C,
Forge S. <i>5G Deployment</i>: State of Play in Europe, USA, and Asia. Study
for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, Policy Department for
Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, European Parliament,
Luxembourg, 2019. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Download the report at: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><span color="windowtext"><a href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2019/631060/IPOL_IDA(2019)631060_EN.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2019/631060/IPOL_IDA(2019)631060_EN.pdf</a></span></span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Excerpts</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“It is
becoming clear that 5G [fifth generation cellular technology] will cost much more to deploy than previous mobile
technologies (perhaps three times as much) as it is more complex and requires a
denser coverage of base stations to provide the expected capacity. The European
Commission has estimated that it will cost €500 billion to meet its 2025
connectivity targets, which includes 5G coverage in all urban areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">As 5G is
driven by the telecoms supply industry, and its long tail of component
manufacturers, a major campaign is under way to convince governments that the
economy and jobs will be strongly stimulated by 5G deployment. However, we are
yet to see significant “demand-pull” that could assure sales. These campaign
efforts are also aimed at the MNOs [mobile network operators] but they have limited capacity to invest in
the new technology and infrastructure as their returns from investment in 3G
and 4G are still being recouped.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The notion of
a “race” is part of the campaign but it is becoming clear that the technology
will take much longer than earlier generations to perfect. China, for instance,
sees 5G as at least a ten-year programme to become fully working and completely
rolled out nationally. This is because the technologies involved with 5G are
much more complex. One aspect, for example, that is not well understood today
is the unpredictable propagation patterns that could result in unacceptable
levels of human exposure to electromagnetic radiation.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“Although
lower frequencies, many in the UHF [ultra high frequency] range, are being proposed for the first
phase of 5G networks, much higher radio frequencies are also projected in bands
traditionally used for radars and microwave links. Whether this will transpire
is still open to question. These frequencies are being commercially tested by
some (e.g. by AT&T in the USA at 28 GHz [gigahertz]). The new bands are well above the
UHF ranges, being either in centimetric (3-30 GHz) or in millimetric bands
(30-300 GHz) and popularly branded “mmWave”, but present technical challenges
that are expensive to solve.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“Although
many 5G networks currently being piloted will use the much lower bands, those
upper frequencies being proposed for the future may offer propagation ranges
only in the order of hundreds or even tens of metres. Higher frequency signals
are also subject to more interference from weather – rain, snow, fog – and
obstacles - wet foliage or buildings and their walls. This means that, at
higher frequencies, indoor use may be problematic if based on through-wall or
window penetration. Consequently, re-use of the existing UHF bands and also
those just above in the 3-10 GHz range (“mid-range”) are emphasised today, to
give 5G signals greater range with fewer technical challenges.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“With higher
frequencies and shortened ranges, base stations will be more closely packed
into a given area to give complete coverage that avoids “not-spots”. Ranges of
20-150 metres may be typical, giving smaller coverage areas per “small cell”. A
cell radius of 20 metres would imply about 800 base stations per square
kilometre (or small area wireless access points (SAWAPs), the term used in the
European Electronic Communications Code (EECC)). That contrasts with 3G and 4G
which use large or “macro” cells. Traditionally they offer ranges of 2-15 km or
more and so can cover a larger area but with fewer simultaneous users as they
have fewer individual channels.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">5G Electromagnetic Radiation and
Safety<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“Significant
concern is emerging over the possible impact on health and safety arising from
potentially much higher exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation
arising from 5G. Increased exposure may result not only from the use of much
higher frequencies in 5G but also from the potential for the aggregation of
different signals, their dynamic nature, and the complex interference effects
that may result, especially in dense urban areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The 5G radio
emission fields are quite different to those of previous generations because of
their complex beamformed transmissions in both directions – from base station
to handset and for the return. Although fields are highly focused by beams,
they vary rapidly with time and movement and so are unpredictable, as the
signal levels and patterns interact as a closed loop system. This has yet to be
mapped reliably for real situations, outside the laboratory.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">While the
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) issues
guidelines for limiting exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic
fields (EMF), and EU member states are subject to Council Recommendation
1999/519/EC which follows ICNIRP guidelines, the problem is that currently it
is not possible to accurately simulate or measure 5G emissions in the real
world.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">USA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“The USA is
moving towards some form of rollout of mobile broadband as 5G but not
necessarily in a holistic, well-orchestrated operation. It is more a set of ad
hoc commercial manoeuvres. Some of these are simply rebranding existing LTE,
rather than delivering novel networks. Re-use of the LTE spectrum in the UHF
ranges (300 MHz to 3 GHz) is significant. The latter decision is probably
warranted by its geography of large rural spaces and high density urban centres
situated more on the coasts. Thus, the insistence for 5G on high centimetric
bands (25–30 GHz and higher) is probably less justified than for the dense
conurbations of Asia and the EU.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">A significant
challenge concerns the administrative local barriers to small cell rollout. The
need for many small cells implies long delays and high costs. Local regulations
continue to prevail despite the FCC’s mandate on a light-touch regime and
minimal permit costs. This has led to a wide divide between local and central
government on the principles of having to obtain permission for rollout and the
charges for that. Local administrations, especially in the larger
municipalities, are at loggerheads with the FCC (Zima, 2018). Several court
challenges are being made to the FCC mandate of August 2018 that overrides
local objections to a “one-touch” regime.”</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;">
--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>How Harmful is 5G?</b></span><br /><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Harald Schumann and Elisa Simantke. How harmful is 5G really? Der Tagesspiegel, Jan 15, 2019. (In German. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">For English translation email me at jmm@berkeley.edu.)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"<i>5G should transfer huge amounts of data quickly. But it could also harm your health. Europe's governments ignore the danger."</i></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Investigate Europe reports on the current state of the science and
exposes the harmful roles that the International Commission on
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the
World Health Organization's International EMF Project, and the EU
Commission's Scientific Committee on New Health Risks (SCENIHR) have
played in paving the way for the deployment of 5G without regard to
health consequences.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">
<span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="border: 1pt none; padding: 0in;">Investigate
Europe is a
pan-European journalist team that researches topics of European
relevance and
publishes the results across Europe. The project is supported by several
foundations, the Open Society Initiative for Europe, and readers'
donations. Among the media partners for the report on
5G include "Newsweek Polska", "Diario de Noticias",
"Il Fatto Quotidiano", "De Groene Amsterdamer",
"Efimerida ton Syntakton", "Aftenbladet" and the
"Falter". In addition to the authors, Crina Boros, Wojciech Ciesla,
Ingeborg Eliassen, Juliet Ferguson, Nikolas Leontopoulos, Maria
Maggiore, Leila
Minano, Paulo Pena and Jef Poortmans contributed to this. </span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="border: 1pt none; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="border: 1pt none; padding: 0in;">More about the
project:<a href="https://www.investigate-europe.eu/publications/the-5g-mass-experiment/" target="_blank"> https://www.investigate-europe.eu/publications/the-5g-mass-experiment/</a></span></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/mobilfunk-wie-gesundheitsschaedlich-ist-5g-wirklich/23852384.html&source=gmail&ust=1547677188172000&usg=AFQjCNEMKWv4QaW_w4DlBgo5Y97JGPgbUQ" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/mobilfunk-wie-gesundheitsschaedlich-ist-5g-wirklich/23852384.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.tagesspiegel.de/<wbr></wbr>gesellschaft/mobilfunk-wie-<wbr></wbr>gesundheitsschaedlich-ist-5g-<wbr></wbr>wirklich/23852384.html</span></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>Literature Reviews</b></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects-A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz</b></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""tahoma" , sans-serif"><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Simkó M, Mattsson MO.
5G wireless communication and health effects-A pragmatic review based on available studies regarding 6 to 100 GHz.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 13;16(18). pii: E3406. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16183406.
<br /><br />Abstract</span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The
introduction of the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication
will increase the number of high-frequency-powered base stations and
other devices. The question is if such higher frequencies (in this
review, 6-100 GHz, millimeter waves, MMW) can have a health impact. This
review analyzed 94 relevant publications performing in vivo or in vitro
investigations. Each study was characterized for: study type (in vivo,
in vitro), biological material (species, cell type, etc.), biological
endpoint, exposure (frequency, exposure duration, power density),
results, and certain quality criteria. Eighty percent of the in vivo
studies showed responses to exposure, while 58% of the in vitro studies
demonstrated effects. The responses affected all biological endpoints
studied. There was no consistent relationship between power density,
exposure duration, or frequency, and exposure effects. The available
studies do not provide adequate and sufficient information for a
meaningful safety assessment, or for the question about non-thermal
effects. There is a need for research regarding local heat developments
on small surfaces, e.g., skin or the eye, and on any environmental
impact. Our quality analysis shows that for future studies to be useful
for safety assessment, design and implementation need to be
significantly improved.</span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusions</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div>
<div>
<div class="gmail-html-p" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Since
the ranges up to 30 GHz and over 90 GHz are sparingly represented, this
review mainly covers studies done in the frequency range from 30.1 to
65 GHz.</span></div>
<div class="gmail-html-p" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">In
summary, the majority of studies with MMW exposures show biological
responses. From this observation, however, no in-depth conclusions can
be drawn regarding the biological and health effects of MMW exposures in
the 6–100 GHz frequency range. The studies are very different and the
total number of studies is surprisingly low. The reactions occur both in
vivo and in vitro and affect all biological endpoints studied.</span></div>
<div class="gmail-html-p" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">There
does not seem to be a consistent relationship between intensity (power
density), exposure time, or frequency, and the effects of exposure. On
the contrary, and strikingly, higher power densities do not cause more
frequent responses, since the percentage of responses in most frequency
groups is already at 70%. Some authors refer to their study results as
having “non-thermal” causes, but few have applied appropriate
temperature controls. The question therefore remains whether warming is
the main cause of any observed MMW effects?</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-indent: 2em;">In order to evaluate and summarize the 6–100 GHz data in this review, we draw the following conclusions:</span></span></div>
<div class="gmail-html-p" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em;">
<ul class="gmail-html-disc" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.25rem 1.5em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.75em;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 654.719px;"><div class="gmail-html-p" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; margin-block: 1em; margin-inline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Regarding
the health effects of MMW in the 6–100 GHz frequency range at power
densities not exceeding the exposure guidelines the studies provide no
clear evidence, due to contradictory information from the in vivo and in
vitro investigations.</span></div>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 654.719px;"><div class="gmail-html-p" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; margin-block: 1em; margin-inline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Regarding
the possibility of “non-thermal” effects, the available studies provide
no clear explanation of any mode of action of observed effects.</span></div>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 654.719px;"><div class="gmail-html-p" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: none; margin-block: 1em; margin-inline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Regarding
the quality of the presented studies, too few studies fulfill the
minimal quality criteria to allow any further conclusions.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3406" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3406</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--<br />
<br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><b>EMF safety guidelines are fraudulent: </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><b>The consequences for microwave frequency exposures and 5G</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">Pall M. Eight repeatedly documented findings each show that EMF safety guidelines do not predict biological effects and are, therefore fraudulent: The consequences for both microwave frequency exposures and also 5G. Second Edition, May 23, 2019. </span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ICNIRP, US FCC, EU and other EMF safety guidelines are all based on the assumption that</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">average EMF intensities and average SAR can be used to predict biological effects and therefore </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">safety. Eight different types of quantitative or qualitative data are analyzed here to determine </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">whether these safety guidelines predict biological effects. In each case the safety guidelines fail </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">and in most of these, fail massively. Effects occur at approximately 100,000 times below </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">allowable levels and the basic structure of the safety guidelines is shown to be deeply flawed. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The safety guidelines ignore demonstrated biological heterogeneity and established biological </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">mechanisms. Even the physics underlying the safety guidelines is shown to be flawed. Pulsed </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">EMFs are in most cases much more biologically active than are non-pulsed EMFs of the same </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">average intensity, but pulsations are ignored in the safety guidelines despite the fact that almost </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">all of our current exposures are highly pulsed. There are exposure windows such that maximum </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">effects are produced in certain intensity windows and also in certain frequency windows but the </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">consequent very complex dose-response curves are ignored by the safety guidelines. Several </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">additional flaws in the safety guidelines are shown through studies of both individual and paired </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">nanosecond pulses. The properties of 5G predict that guidelines will be even more flawed in </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">predicting 5G effects than the already stunning flaws that the safety guidelines have in predicting </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">our other EMF exposures. The consequences of these findings is that “safety guidelines” should </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">always be expressed in quotation marks; they do not predict biological effects and therefore do </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">not predict safety. Because of that we have a multi-trillion dollar set of companies, the </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">telecommunication industry, where all assurances of safety are fraudulent because they are based </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">on these “safety guidelines.”</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper:<b> </b></span><a href="http://bit.ly/RFguidelinesPall190523" style="background-color: white;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/RFguidelinesPall190523</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"> </span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>5G Wireless Telecommunications Expansion: Public Health & Environmental Implications</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Russell CL.
5G wireless telecommunications expansion: Public health and environmental implications.
Environmental Research. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 11.0045px;"> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">2018 Aug;165:484-495. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.016.</span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The
popularity, widespread use and increasing dependency on wireless
technologies has spawned a telecommunications industrial revolution with
increasing public exposure to broader and higher frequencies of the
electromagnetic spectrum to transmit data through a variety of devices
and infrastructure. On the horizon, a new generation of even shorter
high frequency 5G wavelengths is being proposed to power the Internet of
Things (IoT). The IoT promises us convenient and easy lifestyles with a
massive 5G interconnected telecommunications network, however, the
expansion of broadband with shorter wavelength radiofrequency radiation
highlights the concern that health and safety issues remain unknown.
Controversy continues with regards to harm from current 2G, 3G and 4G
wireless technologies. 5G technologies are far less studied for human or
environmental effects.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">It is argued that the addition of this
added high frequency 5G radiation to an already complex mix of lower
frequencies, will contribute to a negative public health outcome both
from both physical and mental health perspectives.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Radiofrequency
radiation (RF) is increasingly being recognized as a new form of
environmental pollution. Like other common toxic exposures, the effects
of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF EMR) will be problematic
if not impossible to sort out epidemiologically as there no longer
remains an unexposed control group. This is especially important
considering these effects are likely magnified by synergistic toxic
exposures and other common health risk behaviors. Effects can also be
non-linear. Because this is the first generation to have cradle-to-grave
lifespan exposure to this level of man-made microwave (RF EMR)
radiofrequencies, it will be years or decades before the true health
consequences are known. Precaution in the roll out of this new
technology is strongly indicated.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">This article will review
relevant electromagnetic frequencies, exposure standards and current
scientific literature on the health implications of 2G, 3G, 4G exposure,
including some of the available literature on 5G frequencies. The
question of what constitutes a public health issue will be raised, as
well as the need for a precautionary approach in advancing new wireless
technologies.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29655646" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29655646</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Although 5G technology may
have many unimagined uses and benefits, it is also increasingly clear
that significant negative consequences to human health and ecosystems
could occur if it is widely adopted. Current radiofrequency radiation
wavelengths we are exposed to appear to act as a toxin to biological
systems. A moratorium on the deployment of 5G is warranted, along with
development of independent health and environmental advisory boards that
include independent scientists who research biological effects and
exposure levels of radiofrequency radiation. Sound regulatory policy
regarding current and future telecommunications initiative will require
more careful assessment of risks to human health, environmental health,
public safety, privacy, security and social consequences. Public health
regulations need to be updated to match appropriate independent science
with the adoption of biologically based exposure standards prior to
further deployment of 4G or 5G technology.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Considering the
current science, lack of relevant exposure standards based on known
biological effects and data gaps in research, we need to reduce our
exposure to RF EMR where ever technically feasible. Laws or policies
which restrict the full integrity of science and the scientific
community with regards to health and environmental effects of wireless
technologies or other toxic exposures should be changed to enable
unbiased, objective and precautionary science to drive necessary public
policies and regulation. Climate change, fracking, toxic emissions and
microwave radiation from wireless devices all have something in common
with smoking. There is much denial and confusion about health and
environmental risks, along with industry insistence for absolute proof
before regulatory action occurs (Frentzel-Beyme, 1994; Michaels 2008).
There are many lessons we have not learned with the introduction of
novel substances, which later became precarious environmental pollutants
by not heeding warning signs from scientists (Gee, 2009). The threats
of these common pollutants continue to weigh heavily on the health and
well being of our nation. We now accept them as the price of progress. If
we do not take precautions but wait for unquestioned proof of harm will
it be too late at that point for some or all of us?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300161&source=gmail&ust=1524096574525000&usg=AFQjCNFqZR4EJeIVpLAEVeKHvtCLNE2Pbg" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300161" target="_blank"></a><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300161&source=gmail&ust=1524096574525000&usg=AFQjCNFqZR4EJeIVpLAEVeKHvtCLNE2Pbg" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300161" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/<wbr></wbr>science/article/pii/<wbr></wbr>S0013935118300161</a></span><br />
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<i>--</i><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Towards 5G Communication Systems: </b><b>Are there Health Implications?</b></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Di Ciaula A. Towards 5G communication systems: Are there health implications? Int J Hyg Environ Health</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. 2018 Apr;221(3):367-375. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.011.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">• RF-EMF exposure is rising and health effects of are still under investigation. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">• Both oncologic and non-cancerous chronic effects have been suggested. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">• 5G networks could have health effects and will use MMW, still scarcely explored. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">• Adequate knowledge of RF-EMF biological effects is also needed in clinical practice. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">• Underrating the problem could lead to a further rise in noncommunicable diseases.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract<br /><br />The spread of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is rising and health effects are still under investigation. RF-EMF promote oxidative stress, a condition involved in cancer onset, in several acute and chronic diseases and in vascular homeostasis. Although some evidences are still controversial, the WHO IARC classified RF-EMF as "possible carcinogenic to humans", and more recent studies suggested reproductive, metabolic and neurologic effects of RF-EMF, which are also able to alter bacterial antibiotic resistance. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In this evolving scenario, although the biological effects of 5G communication systems are very scarcely investigated, an international action plan for the development of 5G networks has started, with a forthcoming increment in devices and density of small cells, and with the future use of millimeter waves (MMW). </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Preliminary observations showed that MMW increase skin temperature, alter gene expression, promote cellular proliferation and synthesis of proteins linked with oxidative stress, inflammatory and metabolic processes, could generate ocular damages, affect neuro-muscular dynamics. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Further studies are needed to better and independently explore the health effects of RF-EMF in general and of MMW in particular. However, available findings seem sufficient to demonstrate the existence of biomedical effects, to invoke the precautionary principle, to define exposed subjects as potentially vulnerable and to revise existing limits. An adequate knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms linking RF-EMF exposure to health risk should also be useful in the current clinical practice, in particular in consideration of evidences pointing to extrinsic factors as heavy contributors to cancer risk and to the progressive epidemiological growth of noncommunicable diseases.<b><br /></b><br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29402696&source=gmail&ust=1519152625797000&usg=AFQjCNEdxDHMMbLTHKfg3_-iQ-l_UEcjAA" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29402696" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/29402696</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Effects of Millimeter Waves Radiation on Cell Membrane - A Brief Review</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Ramundo-Orlando A. Effects of millimeter waves radiation on cell membrane - A brief review. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves. 2010; 30 (12): 1400-1411.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The millimeter waves (MMW) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, extending from 30 to 300 GHz in terms of frequency (corresponding to wavelengths from 10 mm to 1 mm), is officially used in non-invasive complementary medicine in many Eastern European countries against a variety of diseases such gastro duodenal ulcers, cardiovascular disorders, traumatism and tumor. On the other hand, besides technological applications in traffic and military systems, in the near future MMW will also find applications in high resolution and high-speed wireless communication technology. This has led to restoring interest in research on MMW induced biological effects. In this review emphasis has been given to the MMW-induced effects on cell membranes that are considered the major target for the interaction between MMW and biological systems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10762-010-9731-z" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10762-010-9731-z</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> “Several studies on the effects induced by millimeter radiation on biological systems have been reported in the literature. Diverse effects have been observed on cell free systems, cultured cells, isolated organs of animals and humans. The subject has been extensively reviewed by Motzkin [17] and more recently by Pakhomov [3]. At the cellular level these effects are mainly on the membrane process and ion channels, molecular complexes, excitable and other structures. Many of these effects are quite unexpected from a radiation penetrating less than 1 mm into biological tissues [3, 18, 19]. However none of the findings described in the above reviews has been replicated in an independent laboratory, thus they cannot be considered as established biological effects.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">“…a large number of cellular studies have indicated that MMW may alter structural and functional properties of membranes (Table 2).”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">“In this review emphasis has been given to the low-level MMW effects on cell membranes. Above all, it should be mentioned that the reported effects are of a non-thermal character, that is, the action of radiation does not produce essential heating of the biological system or destroy its structure. In this context it appears that no permanent structural change of lipid bilayer could arise under low level (less than 10 mW/cm2) millimeter waves irradiation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">On the other hand, MMW radiation may affect intracellular calcium activities, and, as a consequence, several cellular and molecular processes controlled by Ca2+ dynamics themselves. The effects of MMW radiation on ion transport may be the consequence of a direct effect on membrane proteins as well as on phospholipid domain organization. Water molecules seem to play an important role in these biological effects of MMW radiation. Unfortunately, detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating physiological responses to MMW exposure remain largely unknown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Usually the search at a molecular level is simpler if we can reduce the complexity of our biological samples. This is the case for cell membranes by using model systems. They can be formed by a simple lipid bilayer without interfering components and they give independence from biological activity that can create complication in searching for electromagnetic fields bioeffects. The emphasis is on the search for molecular mechanisms of the membrane effect induced by MMW with different frequencies and power density. Furthermore, replication studies are needed including good temperature control and appropriate internal control samples. It is also advantageous if the future studies are multidisciplinary, invoking an integration of high quality exposure and effects methodologies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Clearly a significant amount of accurate experimental work is still required in order to fully understand the interactions between MMW radiation and cell membrane.”</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Research Papers </span><span style="font-family: arial;">(updated 12/21/2023)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default"><b>Evaluation of mitochondrial stress following
ultraviolet radiation and 5G radiofrequency field exposure in human
skin cells
</b></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default">
Patrignoni L, Hurtier A, Orlacchio R, Joushomme A, Poulletier de Gannes
F, Lévêque P, Arnaud-Cormos D, Revzani HR, Mahfouf W, Garenne A,
Percherancier Y, Lagroye I. Evaluation of mitochondrial stress following
ultraviolet radiation and 5G radiofrequency field exposure in human
skin cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 2023 Dec 19. doi: 10.1002/bem.22495. <br /></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default">Highlights</div><div class="gmail_default"></div><div class="gmail_default">
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<p>A 24 h exposure to a 5G signal at 3.5 GHz was able
to statistically significantly alter the mitochondrial reactive oxygen
species (ROS) production in human skin fibroblasts (decrease at 1 W/Kg)
and in human keratinocytes after UV-B irradiation (increase at 0.25 and
1 W/kg).</p>
</li><li>
<p>A 24 h exposure to a 5G signal at 3.5 GHz was not
able to alter cell viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane
potential in human skin cells, either alone or after UV-B irradiation.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Further studies on 3D or in vivo skin models would
be needed to conclude about a possible effect of 5G 3.5 GHz signal on
ROS production.</p>
</li></ul></div>
</div><div class="gmail_default"></div><div class="gmail_default">Abstract</div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default">
Whether human cells are impacted by environmental electromagnetic fields
(EMF) is still a matter of debate. With the deployment of the fifth
generation (5G) of mobile communication technologies, the carrier
frequency is increasing and the human skin becomes the main biological
target. Here, we evaluated the impact of 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz
radiofrequency (RF) EMF on mitochondrial stress in human fibroblasts and
keratinocytes that were exposed for 24 h at specific absorption rate of
0.25, 1, and 4 W/kg. We assessed cell viability, mitochondrial reactive
oxygen species (ROS) production, and membrane polarization. Knowing
that human skin is the main target of environmental ultraviolet (UV),
using the same read-out, we investigated whether subsequent exposure to
5G signal could alter the capacity of UV-B to damage skin cells. We
found a statistically significant reduction in mitochondrial ROS
concentration in fibroblasts exposed to 5G signal at 1 W/kg. On the
contrary, the RF exposure slightly but statistically significantly
enhanced the effects of UV-B radiation specifically in keratinocytes at
0.25 and 1 W/kg. No effect was found on mitochondrial membrane potential
or apoptosis in any cell types or exposure conditions suggesting that
the type and amplitude of the observed effects are very punctual. <br /></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38115173/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38115173/</a></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default">Excerpts</div><br />To our knowledge, only a few published articles have examined the effects of 5G technology in experimental studies (EMF-Portal, 2022) at the specific band of 3.5 GHz. Among these, the exposure of zebrafish embryos at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 8.27 W/kg induced depressed sensorimotor function, abnormal behavioral responses, and variations in the expression of genes related to metabolic function in adult zebrafish (Dasgupta et al., 2020, 2022). In Drosophila melanogaster, 3.5 GHz exposure enhanced the expression of heat shock, oxidative stress, and humoral immunity system genes leading to fly developmental promotion (Wang et al., 2022). In addition, long-term exposure resulted in alterations of the expression of circadian clock genes resulting in improvement of sleep duration (Wang et al., 2021). Exposure of diabetic and healthy rats brains revealed an increase in appetite, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress (Bektas et al., 2022). Finally, no effect on anxiety-like behavior, but a SAR-dependent increase in different oxidative stress parameters were found in the guinea pig auditory cortex (Yang et al., 2022). Unfortunately, all these studies are highly heterogeneous in terms of endpoints, biological systems, and SAR levels, making it impossible to draw firm conclusions about the effects of 3.5 GHz signals on human health. It is also essential to indicate that all these studies used either an unmodulated or a GSM-modulated 3.5 GHz signal, but none of them used a 5G-modulated signal. In addition, none of the above-mentioned studies addressed the skin or other superficial tissues as relevant targets. Actually, since the penetration of the RF-EMF into the tissues decreases as the frequency increases, and given the large amount of water in the skin (Christ et al., 2006; Feldman et al., 2009), this tissue is susceptible to absorb most of the RF-EMF power when exposed to the 5G highest frequency ranges, that is, at 3.5 GHz and even more at 26 GHz.<span class="gmail_default">...</span></div><br />Exposure of cells to 5G-modulated signals at 3.5 GHz was performed using an innovative reverberation chamber (RC) (Orlacchio et al., 2023), that is, an electrically large cavity made of metallic walls where a homogeneous field distribution was achieved through random mechanical stirring of the field components (Hill, 1998). This is particularly convenient in bioelectromagnetic experiments to ensure a highly homogeneous exposure level regardless of the samples location within the exposure system (Capstick et al., 2017; Ito & Bassett, 1983). In this study, a cell culture incubator (150 L; BINDER Gmbh), was converted into an RC to guarantee 24 h in vitro exposure under controlled biological conditions (37°C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity). A detailed description of the system schematically represented in Figure 1a was given in (Orlacchio et al., 2023). The main components are reported hereafter. A printed patch antenna was used to deliver 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz signal in the chamber. A metallic stirrer composed of eight rectangular blades (8 × 10 × 1 cm3) was mounted on a 30 cm mast to continuously rotate through a motorized precision rotation stage (PRM1/MZ8; Thorlabs Inc.) driven via a K-Cube dc servo controller (KDC101; Thorlabs). The continuous rotation modified the boundary conditions during exposure allowing to achieve a homogeneous and isotropic averaged EMF within the samples (Serra et al., 2017)....</div><br />We report here some effects of 5G-modulated RF-EMF at 3.5 GHz on human skin cells, either alone in human fibroblasts, or after exposure to UV-B radiations in human keratinocytes. The effects were found nonlinear in relation to the SAR level and their amplitude did not exceed 30% compared to sham (fibroblasts) or to UV-B radiation (keratinocytes). Interestingly, we found no correlation with any change in the UV-B-induced mitochondrial membrane potential or apoptosis, suggesting that the RF-EMF increase in UV-B-induced ROS production was not enough to additionally impact neither mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis nor necrosis. To further determine whether these effects could lead to any protective effect or increase UV-B harmful bioeffects, it would be interesting to evaluate the activation of the cell's antioxidant response, that is, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, or glutathione peroxidase expression level or activity. It will also be of importance to assess whether the presence of ROS can induce end-products, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells, either in skin's organoids (Sun et al., 2021) or in skin in vivo, as we previously assessed in the sera of rats exposed to a CW 2.45 GHz signal (7 h/day for 30 days, 0.16 W/kg whole-body SAR) (De Gannes et al., 2009). These approaches would indeed be more representative of the skin complexity and take into account the interaction among the different skin cells. </div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><b>RF exposure from ten 5G beamforming cell towers (3.6 GHz band) in Germany</b></div><br /><div>Kopacz T, Bornkessel C, Wuschek M. Consideration of current mobile phone antenna technology when determining HF-EMF exposure - project 3619S82463. Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS). Nov-2022. Report number(s): BfS-RESFOR-208/22. URN(s): urn:nbn:de:0221-2022112435660. </div><div><br /></div><div>The report is in German with an English-language executive summary (see below).<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Abstract (Google translation)</b><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>This research project deals with the metrological recording and analysis of immissions from 5G base stations with beamforming antennas in the 3.6 GHz band. As a basis, measurement methods for determining current, typical and maximum possible immissions were proposed, which suitably take into account the time-varying radiation behavior of the antennas. The maximum possible immissions can be determined either by extrapolation based on the difference in antenna gain between traffic and broadcast beams at the measuring point or by direct measurement when the maximum immission is provoked using a 5G terminal device. Immission measurements at 100 systematically selected measuring points in the vicinity of ten 5G beamforming base stations in the 3.6 GHz band resulted in <b>maximum immissions between 0.2% (0.15 V/m) and 28.9% (17.6 V/m m) the field strength limit</b> of the 26th BImSchV (median 4.7% or 2.9 V/m). The instantaneous immissions without provoked traffic were between 0.04% (0.03 V/m) and 1.1% (0.67 V/m) of the field strength limit value (median 0.08% or 0.05 V/m) and the emissions during typical use (ARD live stream) are only slightly higher, between 0.04% (0.03 V/m) and 1.3% (0.8 V/m) of the field strength limit value (median 0.2% or 0.12V/m). The visibility conditions between the place of immission and the 5G antenna have a major influence on the size of the immission, since significant attenuation also occurs in the 3.6 GHz band due to vegetation. The dependence on the vertical angle between the point of immission and the antenna observed in GSM, UMTS and LTE base stations has changed in the 5G beamforming base stations examined in such a way that the immissions are no longer highest at small but at larger vertical angles. len. If the beam does not act at the point of immission, but is shifted azimuthally or radially by a few tens of meters in the cell, the measurements carried out here showed an average immission reduction of 7.5 dB compared to a direct alignment of the beam to the point of immission. Long-term measurements showed that users were only active sporadically at the time of the measurements. Even with targeted provoked typical use, the 6-minute mean value of the field strength at most points could only be significantly raised above the detection limit of the measuring device by downloading a large file. Immission peaks were usually very limited in time.</div><div><br /></div><div>
<div></div><div></div><div>Open access paper: <a href="https://doris.bfs.de/jspui/handle/urn:nbn:de:0221-2022112435660">https://doris.bfs.de/jspui/handle/urn:nbn:de:0221-2022112435660</a></div>
</div><div><br /></div><div>Summary<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The aim of this research project is the measurement-based assessment and analysis of RF-EMF exposure caused by beamforming base station antennas (massive MIMO antennas) used for 5G in the 3.6 GHz band. Suitable measurement methods for determining instantaneous, typical and maximum possible exposure levels are proposed as a basis.</div><div><br /></div><div>The extrapolation to maximum possible exposure to 5G is based on the measurement of the field strength of the SS/PBCH block (SSB), which is part of the signaling and is radiated periodically. The measurement can be carried out in frequency-selective or code-selective domain. In the case of frequency-selective measurement, care must be taken to ensure that the correct RMS value is recorded. In case a laboratory spectrum analyzer is used, this is done by applying an RMS detector in combination with an observation time, which is adapted to the 5G symbol duration for each recording point. In the case of the Narda SRM-3006 field strength meter, averaging is performed by a video filter with a suitable bandwidth. For code-selective measurements, the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) is decoded as part of the SSB and its field strength is determined. The code-selective measurement is preferable to the frequency-selective measurement because it is the only way to measure the cell-specific SSB field strength and not only the sum field strengths of all present 5G cells. Code-selective measurement values are also independent of the traffic superimposing the SSB in time.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The usage of beamforming in the 3.6 GHz band, i.e. the time-varying radiation pattern of the base station antenna, poses a great challenge to the exposure assessment with regard to determining the maximum exposure: In the case of multiple SSBs, these are sequentially radiated into different areas of the cell by the broadcast beams. However, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), which is causing maximum exposure at the measurement point, is radiated via the traffic beams. The radiation characteristics of the traffic and broadcast beams can differ significantly. These differences must be considered by the extrapolation procedure individually for each measurement point depending on its location in the cell. However, this requires that the used antenna patterns of traffic and broadcast beams and the current settings are provided for the corresponding frequency bands by the network operators. Investigations in this research project have shown that this extrapolation procedure works reliably for measurement points having line-of-sight to the base station antenna.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>An alternative to the extrapolation to maximum possible exposure is the immediate measurement while maximum exposure is provoked using a 5G user equipment, which is located in the vicinity of the measurement point and is allocated as many resources of the base station as possible by means of an FTP download. In this way, radiation with maximum possible EIRP towards the measurement point is forced. Given the complexity of required data for the extrapolation procedure, this method is a recommendable alternative as the current network utilization in the 3.6 GHz band is very low. However, due to the higher market penetration of 5G terminals expected in the medium term, it is questionable whether it can still be applied reliably in the future.</div><div><br /></div><div>In the course of the measurements, exposure levels were determined at each ten systematically selected measurement points in the vicinity of ten 5G base stations with massive MIMO antennas in the 3.6 GHz band. On the one hand, the “instantaneous exposure” experienced at the measurement time without provoked utilization of the radio cell and on the other hand the “typical exposure” (i.e. the exposure occurring during a typical use case (TV live streaming)) as well as the “maximum exposure” during provoked utilization of the radio cell were determined. Maximum exposure was investigated by immediate measurement while a 5G user equipment was provoking maximum exposure in the vicinity of the measurement point. In addition to typical exposure levels in case a traffic beam was aligned with the measurement point, for more than half of the measurement points, the typical exposure was determined in case the traffic beam was displaced either horizontally of radially into another area of the cell. Furthermore, the instantaneous and maximum exposure levels to GSM, LTE and LTE/5G-DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing, passive antennas) were determined at each two measurement points in the vicinity of five base stations.<br /></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>The highest maximum exposure level determined (no. of measurement points n = 96) amounts to 28.9 % (17.7 V/m) of the German safety limits given by the 26th Ordinance Implementing the Federal Immission Control Act (26. BImSchV), which are equal to the reference levels given in ICNIRP 1998 and 2020.</b> <b>The lowest maximum exposure level is 0.2 % (0.15 V/m).</b> Thus, there is a very large range of more than 40 dB. For measurement points with line-of-sight (LOS) to the 5G antenna (n = 56), the range is significantly lower at 27 dB.<b> The mean maximum exposure level over all measurement points is 9.3 % of the reference levels (5.7 V/m, averaged over power) and the median is 4.7 % (2.9 V/m). Compared to the results of the previous studies on LTE and UMTS, the frequency distribution of the maximum exposure levels experiences a broadening towards higher values. </b>However, it should be noted, that in this project only systematically selected measurement points were chosen which tended to have LOS to the antenna and thus above-average exposure levels, whereas the measurement points in the previous studies were also selected randomly.<br /></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>The highest typical exposure level caused by TV streaming (n = 97) is 1.3 % of the reference levels (0.8 V/m) and the lowest 0.04 % (0.03 V/m, detection threshold of the measuring device)</b>, which means that the real typical exposure levels could be even lower at some points. The range is nearly 30 dB both for measurement points with line-of-sight (LOS, n = 57) and without line-of-sight (NLOS, n = 40) to the 5G antenna. Evaluated over all measurement points, the range is only slightly higher at a little more than 30 dB. <b>The mean typical exposure level over all measurement points is 0.4 % of the reference levels (0.27 V/m, averaged over power) and the median is 0.2 % (0.12 V/m).</b><br /></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>For the instantaneous exposure levels without provoked utilization of the radio cell (n = 100), the maximum is 1.1 % of the reference levels (0.67 V/m) and the minimum is 0.04 % (0.03 V/m, detection threshold of the measurement device).</b> According to typical exposure levels, the real instantaneous exposure could also be even lower at some points. Over all measurement points, the found range of 29 dB is similar to that of the typical exposure levels. At measurement points without line-of-sight to the antenna (NLOS, n = 40), the range of 22 dB is lower compared to measurement points with line-of-sight to the antenna (LOS, n = 60, 27 dB), which is presumably due to the fact that in NLOS cases, measured values in the order of the magnitude of the detection limit frequently occurred. This can be also observed in the frequency distribution of the measured instantaneous exposure levels, where very low values strongly dominate.</div><div><br /></div><div>Due to the currently very low network load in the 3.6 GHz band, the measured instantaneous exposure levels are for the most part very close to the theoretically estimated minimum exposure (0.01 % to 0.4 % of the reference levels), which is present when the base station is in idle mode. However, this also demonstrates that an idle 5G base station generates only very low exposure levels. Even typical use cases of a user equipment in the vicinity of the measurement point evoke exposure levels, which are still well below the maximum value. A comparison of the median values of maximum and instantaneous exposure levels shows a difference of 34.5 dB (i.e., a factor of 3,450 with respect to the power). The individual difference factors at the single measurement points ranged between about 7 dB and 48 dB. Only at six of the 96 measurement points, the difference factor was less than 20 dB.</div><div><br /></div><div>At ten measurement points in the vicinity of five 5G base stations, the instantaneous as well as the maximum exposure values to all mobile radio services (GSM, LTE, LTE/5G-DSS and 5G in the 3.6 GHz band) and frequency bands operated at the base stations were determined. TETRA-BOS was not installed at any of the sites. Furthermore, UMTS was no longer in operation at any of the sites. At all measurement points, the exposure to other mobile radio services (GSM, LTE and LTE/5G-DSS) dominates over the instantaneous as well as the typical 5G exposure. At nine out of ten measurement points, the instantaneous exposure to at least one frequency band of GSM, LTE or LTE/5G-DSS is also higher than the instantaneous as well as the typical exposure to 5G (this applies to both the field strength as well as the percent-age of the reference levels). Only at one measurement point, the highest field strength occurs with typical 5G usage. However, due to the lower reference level, the highest percentage of the reference levels is caused by LTE signals in the 800 MHz band. For the maximum exposure, there is no consistent result: at six out of ten measurement points (each both measurement points around three of five 5G sites), the sum of the maximum exposures to other mobile radio services dominates. At the remaining four measurement points (each both measurement points around two of five 5G sites), the maximum exposure is dominated by 5G. However, the difference factors exhibit a wide range with values between -19 dB (i.e., 5G exposure dominates) and 7 dB (i.e., exposure to other mobile radio services dominates). <b>The maximum exposure levels to 5G at these ten measurement points were in the range of 0.7 % (0.4 V/m) to 25.5 % (15.5 V/m).<br /></b></div><div><br /></div><div>The statistical evaluation of the levels of the three different 5G exposure types (“instantaneous”, “typical”, “maximum”) taking into account the location of the outdoor measurement points in relation to the 5G antenna shows that it is obviously not justified to use the distance between the measurement point and the base station antenna as the sole decisive criterion for the assessment of the exposure level. One reason for this is that in this range of distances, the exposure level is strongly influenced by the side lobes and nulls of the vertical antenna pattern. Due to the ability of beamforming antennas to change their direction of the main lobe in the vertical domain, the distance range, in which measurement points are located only in the region of the side lobes will be reduced, but no prediction can be done on this without knowing the actual settings of the base station (vertical scanning range). For a certain distance between measurement point and the base station antenna, the range of the measured exposure levels amounts up to 30 dB. A significant influence on the exposure levels is observed in the line-of-sight conditions between the measurement point and the 5G antenna. At the relatively high frequencies around 3.6 GHz, buildings and even vegetation have a strong attenuation on the propagating waves. However, it should be mentioned that for some non-line-of-sight measurement points, which were covered by a reflected or an edge-diffracted beam, the resulting exposure levels were comparable to exposure levels at measurement points with line-of-sight to the antenna at similar distances. The impact of the vertical angle between base station antenna and the measurement point on the resulting exposure to 5G massive MIMO antennas has changed compared to the results of similar measurements on mobile radio services with passive antennas. Obviously, it can no longer be assumed that the exposure levels at smaller vertical angles (< 10°) are in general higher than those at large vertical angles. For the investigated base stations, on average, the highest maximum exposure levels occurred even in the vertical angle range between 15° and 20°. <b>The orientation of the beam has a significant influence on the resulting exposure. </b>In addition to the typical exposure, while a user equipment was provoking cell load in the vicinity of the measurement point, further measurements of the typical exposure were carried out under the constraint that the active user equipment was no longer close to the measurement point, but at a greater distance of several tens of meters from it, which resulted in an azimuthal or radial displacement of the radiated traffic beam with respect to the location of the measurement point. The displacement of the beam resulted in a median reduction of the exposure levels of around 7.5 dB. <b>The results show that, in areas of the radio cell that are not in the main lobe of the radiated beam, the exposure is on average lower. However, due to reflections and transmission via side lobes, the exposure is still measurable despite the alignment to a different location in the cell.</b></div><div><br />Long-term measurements at in total five differently located measurement points over each 24 hours around an urban and a rural 5G site in the 3.6 GHz band showed that users were active only very sporadically, which can be observed by very few peaks of the instantaneous exposure. However,<b> the subsequently calculated 6-minute moving average of the exposure is barely affected by the exposure peaks occurring only for a short time.</b> Most of the time, the measured instantaneous exposure at most of the measurement points was low enough to not exceed the detection threshold of the measurement device. When a typical data traffic case in the cell was provoked by a user equipment in the vicinity of the measurement point, the six-minute average exposure could only be significantly increased when downloading a large file of 1 GB. Other use cases such as surfing or video streaming generated only sporadic field strength peaks, but occurred so rarely that they did not significantly affect the six-minute aver-age exposure. The magnitude of the field strength peaks was strongly depending on the location of the measurement point. <b>At an indoor measurement point on the upper floor immediately opposite from the base station antenna, the exposure amounted up to 9.0 % of the reference levels (5.5 V/m). At measurement points in larger distances or at higher vertical angles to the base station antenna, the exposure was clearly lower with values up to around 0.2 % of the reference levels (0.1 V/m).</b></div><div><br /></div><div>
<div></div><div></div><div>Open access paper: <a href="https://doris.bfs.de/jspui/handle/urn:nbn:de:0221-2022112435660">https://doris.bfs.de/jspui/handle/urn:nbn:de:0221-2022112435660</a></div></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>Sven Kuehn, Serge Pfeifer, Beyhan Kochali, Niels Kuster.
Modelling of Total Exposure in Hypothetical 5G Mobile Networks for Varied Topologies and User Scenarios. Final Report of Project CRR-816. A report on behalf of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). IT'IS Foundation, Zurich. 24 June 2019.</div></div><div><div><br /></div><div>Executive Summary<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>In January 2019, the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) mandated the IT’IS Foundation to evaluate the total human exposure in hypothetical 5G mobile networks for varied topologies and user scenarios to identify factors that would minimize the total exposure of the population. In this study, total exposure is defined as the combined exposure from network base stations, the user’s own device, as well as bystanders’ mobile devices.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The influence of various factors on total exposure in mobile communication networks (as defined above) was modeled and analyzed with the help of the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Total exposure is described as the local peak specific absorption rate (SAR) spatially averaged over any 10 g of tissue mass (psaSAR10g) averaged over a period of 6 minutes. The unit psaSAR10g was chosen because it defines the governing basic restriction for wireless exposure as the whole-body average SAR limits (wbaSAR) are intrinsically met if the limits of local exposure are satisfied. The averaging duration of 6 minutes constitutes the internationally accepted averaging time to prevent thermal hazards at frequencies below 6 GHz as instant values have little justification. However, it should be noted that some regulators define shorter averaging time periods, e.g., the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of 100 s.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>In a first step, we analyzed the tissue-specific exposure as a function of frequency. The preliminary dosimetric study showed that exposure of the human brain to the 3.6 GHz band, that has been recently added to the Swiss mobile communication frequencies, is reduced by a factor of >6 for the tissue averaged SAR when compared to mobile network operation at <1 GHz. This reduction is due to the smaller penetration depth at higher frequencies. This conclusion, however, does not apply to exposed tissues close to the surface or skin (eyes, testicles, etc.) when the peak SAR in this tissue is evaluated. The peak SAR in the grey matter remains in approximately the same order of magnitude ( 3 dB) over all frequencies but the area of high exposure is reduced at 3.6 GHz.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>In a second step, we used data measured in 4G systems and analyzed the latest mobile network standards to extrapolate the exposures for various 5G network scenarios. These measured data were also used to extrapolate the exposure to the future development of data usage in 5G networks.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Specifically, we analyzed the effect on the total exposure of (i) the network topology by varying the cell size and amount of indoor coverage in the network, as well as the usage of (ii) an individual’s own device, and (iii) devices of close bystanders.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The results – based on simulations of more than 200 different exposure scenarios – reveal that, for all user types, except for non-users (including passive mobile phone users and users dominantly using downlink data traffic, e.g., video streaming), total exposure is dominated by the person’s own mobile device. Compared to non-users, the exposure is increased (i) for light users (with 100 MByte uplink data per day) by 6 – 10 dB (or a factor of 4 to 10), (ii) for moderate users (with 1 GByte uplink data per day) by 13 – 25 dB (or a factor of 20 to >300), and (iii) for heavy users by 15 – 40 dB (or a factor of 30 to >10000). Further, the results show that peak exposure of non-users is not defined by exposure to base stations but by exposure to mobile devices of close bystanders in urban areas resulting in 6 dB (or a factor of 4) higher exposure than from a nearby base station antenna.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>While a reduction of the mobile cell size leads to a reduction in total exposure by a factor of 2 to 10 for people actively using their mobile devices, this might also lead to a small increase by a factor of 1.6 in total exposure of non-users due the generally increased incident signal levels from the surrounding base stations.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Similarly, the exposure of active users can be reduced by a factor of 4 to 600 by increasing the indoor network coverage. Yet, in line with the results for the mobile cell sizes, increased indoor coverage will also lead to increased exposure of non-users by a factor of 2 to 10. This increase, however, starts at a level 1000 times lower than the typical total exposure of active users. <br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The results of this study show that the personal mobile device is the dominant exposure source for active mobile network users. Besides a person’s own usage behavior, total exposure is also closely linked to the network infrastructure. Generally speaking, a network with a lower path loss, i.e., smaller cells and additional indoor coverage, helps to reduce total exposure. The exposure per transmitted bit is reduced by a factor of <3 by the increased spectral efficiency of the 5G technology, and the reduced penetration depth associated with the new bands at 3.5 – 3.8 GHz. <br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The results presented above are limited due to the network data that has been used and the definition of total exposure as stated in this report. Furthermore, it only considers time-averaged (6 min) and not instant exposures. This study does not consider (i) the effect of upcoming massive MIMO systems in 5G networks, (ii) alternative data transmission links, for instance the use of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and (iii) millimeter wave frequencies in 5G mobile networks.</div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusions</div><div><br /></div><div>The results of this study show that the absorption of energy by the human brain, resulting from exposure to the 3.6 GHz band newly added to the Swiss mobile communication frequencies, is reduced by a factor >6 for the tissue averaged SAR when compared to mobile networks operating at <1 GHz, and by a factor of >2 when compared to the frequency bands at 1.8 – 2GHz. For deep brain regions, the reduction is much larger.</div><br /><div>The reduced exposure for these regions is due to lower penetration depths at higher frequencies. Close to the surface (eyes, testicles, etc.) the exposure can be higher. At the most exposed surface of the grey matter, the values remain approximately 3 dB over all frequencies whereas the area of high exposure is reduced.</div><br />More than 200 Monte Carlo simulated exposure scenarios have been analyzed to evaluate total human exposure in 5G Networks for different topologies and user scenarios. The results show that for all users (except non-users), the total exposure is dominated by a person’s own mobile device. Compared to a non-user, the exposure is increased for a light user (with 100 MByte uplink data per day) by 6 – 10 dB (or by a factor 4 to 10), for a moderate user (with 1 GByte uplink data per day) by 13 – 25 dB (or by a factor of 20 to >300), and for a heavy user by 25 – 40 dB (or a factor of 300 to >10000). The peak exposure of non-users is further not defined by exposure to surrounding base stations but by mobile devices of close bystanders in urban areas, resulting in 6 dB (or a factor of 4) higher exposure than from a nearby base station antenna. <br /><div><br /></div>Reducing the diameter of the mobile cell leads to a decreased overall exposure by a factor of 2 to 10 for people who actively use their mobile devices. At the same time, the reduction in cell size might lead to a small increase by a factor <2 in exposure for non-users. The exposure of active users can be reduced by factors ranging from 4 to 600 by increasing indoor network coverage which, in turn, will be linked to increased exposure of non-users by a factor of 2 to 10. However, such an increase is by a factor 1000 lower than the typical exposure of active users. The results of this study are limited due to the network data that has been used and the definition of total exposure as stated earlier in this report. This study does not consider (i) the effect of upcoming massive MIMO and multi-user MIMO systems in 5G networks, (ii) alternative data transmission links – for instance the use of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and (iii)millimeter wave frequencies in 5G mobile networks.<br /><div><br /></div><div>In summary, the results of this study show that the user’s own mobile device is the dominant source of exposure for the population of active mobile network users. Besides personal usage patterns, totl exposure is also closely linked to the network infrastructure. Generally speaking, a network that decreases the path loss by means of smaller cells and additional indoor coverage will help to reduce the total exposure of the population.<br clear="all" /></div><div><br /></div><div>
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.bafu.admin.ch/dam/bafu/en/dokumente/elektrosmog/externe-studien-berichte/modelling-of-total-exposure-in-hypothetical-5g-mobile-networks-for-varied-topologies-and-user-scenarios.pdf.download.pdf/Modelling%2520of%2520Total%2520Exposure%2520in%2520Hypothetical%25205G%2520Networks%2520-%2520Schlussbericht.pdf&source=gmail&ust=1606852178332000&usg=AFQjCNGF1EEFQ4YbBnGrAwskg_0gYeJDuA" href="https://www.bafu.admin.ch/dam/bafu/en/dokumente/elektrosmog/externe-studien-berichte/modelling-of-total-exposure-in-hypothetical-5g-mobile-networks-for-varied-topologies-and-user-scenarios.pdf.download.pdf/Modelling%20of%20Total%20Exposure%20in%20Hypothetical%205G%20Networks%20-%20Schlussbericht.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.bafu.admin.ch/dam/<wbr></wbr>bafu/en/dokumente/elektrosmog/<wbr></wbr>externe-studien-berichte/<wbr></wbr>modelling-of-total-exposure-<wbr></wbr>in-hypothetical-5g-mobile-<wbr></wbr>networks-for-varied-<wbr></wbr>topologies-and-user-scenarios.<wbr></wbr>pdf.download.pdf/Modelling%<wbr></wbr>20of%20Total%20Exposure%20in%<wbr></wbr>20Hypothetical%205G%<wbr></wbr>20Networks%20-%<wbr></wbr>20Schlussbericht.pdf</a></div></div><div><br /></div></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">El-Hajj AM, Naous T. <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9221314" target="_blank"><b>Radiation Analysis in a Gradual 5G Network Deployment Strategy</b></a>. 2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF), Bangalore, India IEEE, 2020: 448-453, ISBN 9781728173009. (Austin, TX simulation)</span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail_quote"><br />Abstract<br /><br />In a world where many overlapping 2G, 3G, and 4G electromagnetic radiation sources already exist, concerns regarding the potential increase in these radiation levels following the roll-out of 5G networks are growing. The deployment of 5G is expected to increase power density levels drastically, given the limitations of mmWave communications that impose a notably higher number of base stations to cover a given area of interest. In this paper, we propose a gradual deployment strategy of a 5G network for a small area in downtown Austin, Texas, using the already existing 4G LTE sites of the area. The radiated power density of the proposed 5G network is then analyzed according to several electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure limits and compared to the radiation levels of the same area where only the LTE network is present. Simulation results for the selected area demonstrate the significant increase in radiation levels resulting from the addition of 5G cell towers.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9221314</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">For the frequency range of 2 to 300 GHz, the IEEE C95.1-2019 standard [18] specifies a limit power density value of 10 W/m2 in restricted environment and 50 W/m2 in unrestricted environments. These correspond to an averaging time of 30 minutes. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 2020 guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields [19] specify the general public exposure limit at 10 W/m2 for frequencies between 2 and 300 GHz with the averaging time being 30 minutes. Similar limits are specified by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in [20] where a restriction of 10 W/m2 for the general public has been set. In contrast, the institute for building biology and sustainability (IBN) in Germany have specified the exposure limit to be less than 0.1 W/m2 in their 2015 Standard of Building Biology Measurement Technique (SBM-2015) [21], which is a million-fold lower than what is specified by the aforementioned guidelines. This suggests that negative health effects can occur at levels much lower than 10<br />W/m2. Finally, the Chinese ministry of health [22] have set the power density exposure limit to 0.1 W/m2.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYxEsWZq94i2JhN2jh3qRqXc57SPp7vULdesgt1CxGimOgWgc6nJX6LB2ZOswdIiSR1P13V4XGsyxMt7a1SphKbSpAkGK2dgaXfLFOxpyTh7d0daxZLkOg_eaD9cfz8ofcxGF1Ks6YkEs/s395/RF+limits+El-Hajj+2020.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="127" data-original-width="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYxEsWZq94i2JhN2jh3qRqXc57SPp7vULdesgt1CxGimOgWgc6nJX6LB2ZOswdIiSR1P13V4XGsyxMt7a1SphKbSpAkGK2dgaXfLFOxpyTh7d0daxZLkOg_eaD9cfz8ofcxGF1Ks6YkEs/s320/RF+limits+El-Hajj+2020.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="gmail_quote">This paper presented an analysis of the radiation levels in a deployed 5G network in an urban outdoor environment. Under the constraints of exposure limits, several challenges face the design and planning of such radiation aware 5G networks. Cell ranges need to be reduced to comply with the maximum allowed radiated power, requiring the densification of small cells in small areas and making it more costly to deploy these radiation-aware 5G networks. Although in this work we considered the maximum allowed EIRP prior to network deployment, results showed power density levels that do not satisfy all the exposure limits set by several sources. In this regard, a positive impact can be imposed by radiation-aware 5G networks on several levels. On a governmental level, the exposure limits for the power density need to be revised using today’s data and approaches to bridge the gap between the thresholds specified by the different institutes and commissions. On a technological and scientific level, the radiation exposure constraint can open the door for innovative 5G solutions targeted to limit the health risks and economic barriers associated with this problem. This work can be extended by developing an analytical framework to efficiently rank and rate different cell allocation alternatives to minimize the potential radiations given a carefully chosen list of key performance indicators.</div></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Absorption of 5G radiation in brain tissue as a function of frequency, power and time</b></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">David H. Gultekin, Peter H. Siegel.
Absorption of 5G radiation in brain tissue as a function of frequency, power and time. IEEE Access. Published online June 12, 2020.<strong> </strong>DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3002183.
</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The rapid release of 5G wireless communications networks has spurred renewed concerns regarding the interactions of higher radiofrequency (RF) radiation with living species. We examine RF exposure and absorption in ex vivo bovine brain tissue and a brain simulating gel at three frequencies: 1.9 GHz, 4 GHz and 39 GHz that are relevant to current (4G), and upcoming (5G) spectra. We introduce a highly sensitive thermal method for the assessment of radiation exposure, and derive experimentally, accurate relations between the temperature rise (ΔT), specific absorption rate (SAR) and the incident power density (F), and tabulate the coefficients, ΔT/ΔF and Δ(SAR)/ΔF, as a function of frequency, depth and time. This new method provides both ΔT and SAR applicable to the frequency range below and above 6 GHz as shown at 1.9, 4 and 39 GHz, and demonstrates the most sensitive experimental assessment of brain tissue exposure to millimeter-wave radiation to date, with a detection limit of 1 mW. We examine the beam penetration, absorption and thermal diffusion at representative 4G and 5G frequencies and show that the RF heating increases rapidly with frequency due to decreasing RF source wavelength and increasing power density with the same incident power and exposure time. We also show the temperature effects of continuous wave, rapid pulse sequences and single pulses with varying pulse duration, and we employ electromagnetic modeling to map the field distributions in the tissue. Finally, using this new methodology, we measure the thermal diffusivity of ex vivo bovine brain tissue experimentally.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Summary</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">In this paper, we present for the first time, a simple, highly accurate test system for measuring the temperature rise and the specific absorption rate in tissue samples and liquid or gel simulants as a function of frequency, RF exposure power and time – pulsed and CW. We use this set up to make, and compare, carefully calibrated measurements of bovine brain tissue and a gel simulant, Triton X and water, at both 4G (1.9 GHz) and newly allocated 5G frequency bands (4 GHz - 39 GHz). We show the effects of beam concentration, focusing, absorption and heat diffusion at all three frequencies and delineate a linear range over which we can derive highly accurate coefficients (ΔT/ΔF and Δ(SAR)/ΔF) that can be used to predict the temperature rise and the specific absorption rate at prescribed depths and exposure times within the tissue or gel at power levels that go down to detectable limits (<1 mW). This method may be used to evaluate a wide range of RF radiation sources, tissues and simulants.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">We also note that the impact of relatively modest incident RF power (1 W) and short exposure times (6 minutes CW and 30 second pulsed) at 39 GHz using a single mode waveguide source for the exposure, results in extremely large power density (16.5 kW/m2) and temperature rise (> 60°C for CW, > 35°C for 30 s pulse) in both bovine brain tissue and gel. This same temperature rise can be expected on skin (which has very similar dielectric properties) when such large surface power densities are present in very close proximity to the RF source or antenna, perhaps emanating from millimeter-wave base stations, handsets, or wireless-enabled appliances or kiosks. Although, current safety limits of 28.76 and 143.8 W/m2 for power density in unrestricted (public) and restricted (occupational) environments, respectively should prevent such exposures, the resulting limits on RF power generation of only 1.7 to 8.5 mW from a directional RF source, such as our waveguide at 39 GHz, in the vicinity, will greatly limit the application potential for any such communications system.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">In the USA, the FCC and FDA are overseeing the implementation of millimeter wave technology in the public realm and more studies are needed to help guide the science, technology and policy. Our experimental method can provide threshold temperature and SAR values for both occupational and public exposures to millimeter waves with surface power densities from 16.5 W/m2 to 16.5 kW/m2 and exposure times from 1 second to 30 minutes.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Finally, we use our new data and this RF method to derive a thermal diffusivity coefficient for the ex vivo bovine brain tissue that is consistent with our prior measurements using an MRI. This is the first time that the thermal diffusivity of ex vivo bovine brain tissue has been directly measured by this thermal RF method [47, 50, 51, 70].</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9115853" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9115853</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">--<br />
</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the Measurement of
the Electromagnetic Field Level Radiated by 5G Base Stations</span></b><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div class="gmail_quote">
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Adda S, Aureli T, D’elia S, Franci D, Grillo E, Migliore MD, Pavoncello S, Schettino F, Suman R. A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the Measurement of
the Electromagnetic Field Level Radiated by 5G Base Stations. IEEE Access 2020. <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2998448&source=gmail&ust=1592416686392000&usg=AFQjCNGfEgluyxXKET6eUK4v0BeljwGvNQ" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2998448" target="_blank">doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.<wbr></wbr>2998448</a>.
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">
Abstract</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">This paper presents some
theoretical considerations and experimental results regarding the
problem of maximum power extrapolation for the assessment of the
exposure to electromagnetic fields radiated by 5G base stations. In
particular the results of an extensive experimental campaign using an
extrapolation procedure recently proposed for 5G signal is discussed and
experimentally checked on a SU-MIMO signal. The results confirm the
effectiveness of the extrapolation technique. Starting from an analysis
(that represents a further novel contribution of this paper) on the
impact of Spatial Division Multiple Access techniques used in 5G on the
measurement of EMF level, some indications of possible extension of the
technique to the highly complex MU-MIMO case are also given.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9103530&source=gmail&ust=1592416686393000&usg=AFQjCNHs1BTLO51kJC3ECmVxMKGxpaPsEg" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9103530" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/<wbr></wbr>document/9103530</span></a></div>
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</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><b>Adverse Impacts of 5G Downlinks on Human Body</b></b></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Nasim I, Kim S. Adverse Impacts of 5G Downlinks on Human Body.
<b></b>
2019 SoutheastCon. Huntsville, AL. 11-14 April 2019. DOI:<b> </b>
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://doi.org/10.1109/SoutheastCon42311.2019.9020454&source=gmail&ust=1584566935583000&usg=AFQjCNEim3opk8fkZKg-jQFUIgGIKvQ1bw" href="https://doi.org/10.1109/SoutheastCon42311.2019.9020454" target="_blank">10.1109/SoutheastCon42311.<wbr></wbr>2019.9020454</a>
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Abstract</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">The increasing demand for higher data rates and uninterrupted reliable service have made the frequency spectrum above 6 GHz a very promising candidate for future wireless communications because of its massive amount of raw bandwidth and extremely high data transfer capabilities. However, increasing concerns of communications at high frequencies on human health have gained international alarm that suggests more research before it is deployed successfully. In this context, this paper aims to investigate the human electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from fifth-generation (5G) downlink communications and compare its impacts with the present cellular technologies considering the features that the 5G systems will likely adopt. Our simulation results suggest that while the impacts from 5G beamforming communications cross the regulatory borders at downlinks for a very short range between base stations (BSs) and user equipment (UE), the exposure level remains on a high throughout the entire network compared to the present systems. Also, this paper urges for more research on the exposure level from future communications to determine any possible threats below the existing guidelines. This paper also highlights the significance of considering SAR for the measurement of exposure compliance in downlinks. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpt</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">... this paper urges the regulatory authorities to set SAR guidelines for 5G systems at far-field exposure also for frequencies above 6 GHz. Also, the minimum AP-UE [access point - user equipment] distance should be maintained at least 6 m [meters] for 5G and further space should be left for a conservative operation regarding human safety.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusions</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">This paper has highlighted the significance of the human EMF exposure issue in the downlink of a cellular communications system. This paper measured the exposure level in terms of PD and SAR and compared them to those calculated in the 3.9G and 4G specifications. Distinguished from the prior art that studied uplinks only, this paper has found that the downlinks of a 5G can also yield a higher level of emissions in terms of SAR compared to concurrent cellular systems. Our results emphasized that this increase stems from more highly concentrated EMF energy per downlink RF beam due to the use of larger phased arrays within small cells of a 5G network. However, only skin effects are being taken into consideration for simplicity. This paper has also suggested the minimum AP-UE distance for human safety in cellular communications at high frequencies such as 28 GHz. To this end, this paper urges to investigate any possible threats at the exposure level shown in this work for future 5G systems before it is finally globalized. </span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9020454&source=gmail&ust=1584566935583000&usg=AFQjCNHbDNaYp1UymyC4f-p9kZZG-j2n9g" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9020454" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/<wbr></wbr>document/9020454</a></span></div>
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--</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><b>A Survey on Electromagnetic Risk Assessment and Evaluation Mechanism </b></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><b>for Future Wireless Communication Systems</b></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jamshed MA, Heliot F, Brown T. A Survey on Electromagnetic Risk Assessment and Evaluation Mechanism for Future Wireless Communication Systems. IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology. May 20, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2019.2917766</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The accurate measurement of electromagnetic exposure and its application is expected to become more and more important in future wireless communication systems, given the explosion in both the number of wireless devices and equipment radiating electromagnetic-fields (EMF) and the growing concerns in the general public linked to it. Indeed, the next generation of wireless systems aims at providing a higher data rate, better quality of service (QoS), and lower latency to users by increasing the number of access points, i.e. densification, which in turn will increase EMF exposure. Similarly, the multiplication of future connected devices, e.g. internet of things (IoT) devices, will also contribute to an increase in EMF exposure. This paper provides a detailed survey relating to the potential health hazards linked with EMF exposure and the different metrics that are currently used for evaluating, limiting and mitigating the effects of this type of exposure on the general public. This paper also reviews the possible impacts of new wireless technologies on EMF exposure and proposes some novel research directions for updating the EMF exposure evaluation framework and addressing these impacts in future wireless communication systems. For instance, the impact of mmWave or massive-MIMO/beamforming on EMF exposure has yet to be fully understood and included in the exposure evaluation framework.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Conclusions</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A thorough survey on exposure risk assessment, evaluation, limitation and mitigation for current and future wireless devices and equipment have been provided in this paper. From the human health point of view, it seems that the possibility of brain tumor is still the main cause of concerns related to the extensive use of wireless devices, even though the effects of EMF exposure is now being investigated in new parts of the body (e.g. eyes). Meanwhile, with the advent of 5G, more efforts are now been made to understand the thermal and non-thermal effects of mmWave exposure on the human body. When it comes to the evaluation of EMF exposure, we have presented the most common evaluation frameworks and metrics that are utilized in wireless communications to measure the exposure. We have also explained how new more generic metrics have been defined by combining existing metrics to better reflect the exposure of large geographical areas and have argued that a generic metric for measuring the individual exposure would also be of interest. We have also reviewed the existing exposure guidelines and have explained how they can be updated for better reflecting the true nature of EMF exposure, i.e. by better taking into account the duration of exposure. Finally, we have provided some views on how key 5G enabling technologies such as densification, massive MIMO and mmWave will impact the EMF exposure in the near future; for instance, the dense deployment of small cells and IoT devices is very likely to increase the overall ambient exposure. We also believe that there could be some technical opportunities in 5G to increase the exposure awareness of wireless system users and to let them decide if they want to reduce it at the cost of, for instance, a lower QoS.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8718293" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8718293</a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Assessment of Maximally Allowable Power-Density Averaging Area </span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">for EMF Exposure above 6 GHz</span></b></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Neufeld E, Carrasco E, Murbach M, Balzano Q, Christ A, Kuster N. Theoretical and numerical assessment of maximally allowable power-density averaging area for conservative electromagnetic exposure assessment above 6 GHz. Bioelectromagnetics. 2018 Dec;39(8):617-630. doi: 10.1002/bem.22147.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The objective of this paper is to determine a maximum averaging area for power density (PD) that limits the maximum temperature increase to a given threshold for frequencies above 6 GHz. This maximum area should be conservative for any transmitter at any distance >2 mm from the primary transmitting antennas or secondary field-generating sources. To derive a generically valid maximum averaging area, an analytical approximation for the peak temperature increase caused by localized exposure was derived. The results for a threshold value of 1 K temperature rise were validated against simulations of a series of sources composed of electrical and magnetic elements (dipoles, slots, patches, and arrays) that represented the spectrum of relevant transmitters. The validation was successful for frequencies in which the power deposition occurred superficially (i.e., >10 GHz). In conclusion, the averaging area for a PD limit of 10 W/m2 that conservatively limits the temperature increase in the skin to less than 1 K at any distance >2 mm from the transmitters is frequency dependent, increases with distance, and ranges from 3 cm2 at <10 GHz to 1.9 cm2 at 100 GHz. In the far-field, the area depends additionally on distance and the antenna array aperture. The correlation was found to be worse at lower frequencies (<10 GHz) and very close to the source, the systematic evaluation of which is part of another study to investigate the effect of different coupling mechanisms in the reactive near-field on the ratio of temperature increase to incident power density. The presented model can be directly applied to any other PD and temperature thresholds.</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30383885" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30383885</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></span>
<b style="text-align: center;">The Human Skin as a Sub-THz Receiver - Does 5G Pose a Danger to It or Not?</b></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="il">Betzalel</span> N, Ben Ishai P, Feldman Y.
The human skin as a sub-THz receiver - Does 5G pose a danger to it or not?
Environ Res. 2018 May;163:208-216. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Highlights<br /><br />• The sweat duct is regarded as a helical antenna in the sub-THz band, reflectance depends on perspiration.<br />• We outline the background for non-thermal effects based on the structure of sweat ducts.<br />• We have introduced a realistic skin EM model and found the expected SAR for the 5G standard.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract<br /><br />In the interaction of microwave radiation and
human beings, the skin is traditionally considered as just an absorbing
sponge stratum filled with water. In previous works, we showed that this
view is flawed when we demonstrated that the coiled portion of the
sweat duct in upper skin layer is regarded as a helical antenna in the
sub-THz band. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Experimentally we showed that the reflectance of the human
skin in the sub-THz region depends on the intensity of perspiration,
i.e. sweat duct's conductivity, and correlates with levels of human
stress (physical, mental and emotional). Later on, we detected circular
dichroism in the reflectance from the skin, a signature of the axial
mode of a helical antenna. The full ramifications of what these findings
represent in the human condition are still unclear. We also revealed
correlation of electrocardiography (ECG) parameters to the sub-THz
reflection coefficient of human skin. In a recent work, we developed a
unique simulation tool of human skin, taking into account the skin
multi-layer structure together with the helical segment of the sweat
duct embedded in it. The presence of the sweat duct led to a high
specific absorption rate (SAR) of the skin in extremely high frequency
band. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">In this paper, we summarize the physical evidence for this
phenomenon and consider its implication for the future exploitation of
the electromagnetic spectrum by wireless communication. Starting from
July 2016 the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted new
rules for wireless broadband operations above 24 GHz (5 G). This trend
of exploitation is predicted to expand to higher frequencies in the
sub-THz region. One must consider the implications of human immersion in
the electromagnetic noise, caused by devices working at the very same
frequencies as those, to which the sweat duct (as a helical antenna) is
most attuned. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>We are raising a warning flag against the unrestricted use
of sub-THz technologies for communication, before the possible
consequences for public health are explored.</b><br /><br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29459303&source=gmail&ust=1524770440602000&usg=AFQjCNEYm_sM_e4bAlzIZd3tBDc8PkaVGw" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29459303" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p<wbr></wbr>ubmed/29459303</a><br /><br />Excerpt<br /><br />The
need for high data transmission rates, coupled with advances in
semiconductor technology, is pushing the communications industry towards
the sub-THz frequency spectrum. While the promises of a glorious
future, resplendent with semi-infinite data streaming, may be
attractive, there is a price to pay for such luxury. We shall find our
cities, workspace and homes awash with 5 G base stations and we shall
live though an unprecedented EM smog. The benefits to our society of
becoming so wired cannot ignore possible health concerns, as yet
unexplored. There is enough evidence to suggest that the combination of
the helical sweat duct and wavelengths approaching the dimensions of
skin layers could lead to non-thermal biological effects. Such fears
should be investigated and these concerns should also effect the
definition of standards for the application of 5G communications.</span><br />
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<b><b><b><b><span style="font-family: arial;">On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G Technology</span></b></b></b></b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Pawlak R, Krawiec P, Żurek J. On measuring electromagnetic fields in 5G technology. IEEE Access. 7: 29826-29835. March 5, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2902481</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Abstract<br /><br />At the awakening of the new 5G network as the network of services, issues related to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) will become one of the key aspects for the cost-effective establishment of the 5G infrastructure. The new 5G services will meet the rigorous demand for bandwidth through the implementation of a large number of densely located base stations operating in the millimeter-wave range. Introduction of new emission sources, working in parallel with already existing 2G/3G/4G mobile technologies, raises concerns about exceeding the admissible EMF exposure limits. This paper analyzes issues and challenges related to EMF measurements in 5G technology, which are crucial for the assessment of EMF compliance with regulatory limits. We point out that the existing methodologies, dedicated to EMF measurements in 2G, 3G, and 4G networks, are not suitable for 5G. The reason is the use of new techniques, such as massive MIMO and precise beamforming together with higher frequency bands so that the existing measurement methods can lead to significantly overestimated results when they will be applied to 5G networks. Such results, in conjunction with the restrictive legislation on the EMF limits that apply in some countries, may have the negative impact on 5G network deployment, making it difficult to achieve the intended 5G network capabilities. We also propose an alternative method of EMF exposure assessment that is based on calculations and simulations and allows obtaining an accurate estimation of the EMF distribution in the 5G environment.<br /><br />Open access paper: <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8660395" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8660395</a></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Assessment </b><b>for Future 5G Networks</b></span></b></div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Persia S, <span class="il">Carciofi</span> C, Barbiroli M, Volta C, Bontempelli D, Anania G. Radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure assessment for future 5G networks. IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2018. IEEE, 2018. doi:10.1109/PIMRC.2018.8580919<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />The fifth generation of mobile network (5G) will relay not only on the expansion of existing fourth (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, but thanks to the introduction of new radio access in the millimetre wave bands will allow to meet new requirements in terms of connectivity and capacity. Specifically, 5G network will be characterized by the use of new spectrum at higher frequencies with a very large number of antenna elements deployment. As a consequence, the RF EMF (Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field) compliance assessments with the regulatory requirements for human exposure for the installation permission needs to be revised accordingly. In this work, a Country case (Italy), where a more restrictive regulatory framework than the ICNIRP Guidelines is applied, has been analysed to investigate the impact of the restrictive approach on the future 5G mobile networks roll-out.<br /><br />Conclusions<br /><br />The EMF evaluations of existing cellular networks has been analysed in this work in order to highlight how restrictive regulatory framework than International Guidelines can affect 5G and future network deployment. Italy case study is considered as an example, due to its restrictive regulation to verify if it can permit an efficient 5G roll-out. This consideration has been confirmed by evaluations of the trend of saturated sites from 2010 to 2017 in Italy. <b>Simulations demonstrate that in Italy the strong development expected for the evolution of 4G networks and, in the perspective of 5G systems, can be threatened with the stringent constraints imposed by the current regulatory framework for exposure to electromagnetic fields.</b><br /><br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8580919&source=gmail&ust=1555627074865000&usg=AFQjCNHLBa4wR89eFIBXVvXGXZ1nIMsEPw" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8580919" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/<wbr></wbr>document/8580919</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Derivation of Safety Limits for 5G RF </b></span><b>Exposure </b></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><b>Based on Analytical Models & Thermal Dose</b></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Neufeld E, Kuster N. Systematic Derivation of Safety Limits for Time-Varying 5G Radiofrequency Exposure Based on Analytical Models and Thermal Dose. Health Phys. 2018 Sep 21. 705-711. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000930.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Extreme broadband wireless devices operating above 10 GHz may transmit data in bursts of a few milliseconds to seconds. Even though the time- and area-averaged power density values remain within the acceptable safety limits for continuous exposure, these bursts may lead to short temperature spikes in the skin of exposed people. In this paper, a novel analytical approach to pulsed heating is developed and applied to assess the peak-to-average temperature ratio as a function of the pulse fraction α (relative to the averaging time T; it corresponds to the inverse of the peak-to-average ratio). This has been analyzed for two different perfusion-related thermal time constants (τ1 = 100 s and 500 s) corresponding to plane-wave and localized exposures. To allow for peak temperatures that considerably exceed the 1 K increase, the CEM43 tissue damage model, with an experimental-data-based damage threshold for human skin of 600 min, is used to allow large temperature oscillations that remain below the level at which tissue damage occurs. To stay consistent with the current safety guidelines, safety factors of 10 for occupational exposure and 50 for the general public were applied. The model assumptions and limitations (e.g., employed thermal and tissue damage models, homogeneous skin, consideration of localized exposure by a modified time constant) are discussed in detail. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The results demonstrate that the maximum averaging time, based on the assumption of a thermal time constant of 100 s, is 240 s if the maximum local temperature increase for continuous-wave exposure is limited to 1 K and α ≥ 0.1. For a very low peak-to-average ratio of 100 (α ≥ 0.01), it decreases to only 30 s.<b> The results also show that the peak-to-average ratio of 1,000 tolerated by the International Council on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines may lead to permanent tissue damage after even short exposures, highlighting the importance of revisiting existing exposure guidelines. </b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30247338" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30247338</a></span><br />
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<b><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Human Exposure to RF Fields in 5G Downlink</span></b></b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Nasim I, Kim S. Human Exposure to RF Fields in 5G Downlink. Submitted on 10 Nov 2017 to IEEE International Communications Conference. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.03683v1">arXiv:1711.03683v1</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />While cellular communications in millimeter wave (mmW) bands have been attracting significant research interest, their potential harmful impacts on human health are not as significantly studied. Prior research on human exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields in a cellular communications system has been focused on uplink only due to the closer physical contact of a transmitter to a human body. However, this paper claims the necessity of thorough investigation on human exposure to downlink RF fields, as cellular systems deployed in mmW bands will entail (i) deployment of more transmitters due to smaller cell size and (ii) higher concentration of RF energy using a highly directional antenna. In this paper, we present human RF exposure levels in downlink of a Fifth Generation Wireless Systems (5G). Our results show that 5G downlink RF fields generate significantly higher power density (PD) and specific absorption rate (SAR) than a current cellular system. This paper also shows that SAR should also be taken into account for determining human RF exposure in the mmW downlink.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.03683" target="_blank">https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.03683</a></span><br />
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<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Implications of EMF exposure limits on output power levels for 5G devices above 6 GHz</b></span><br /><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Colombi D, Thors B, <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Törnevik</span> C. Implications
of EMF exposure limits on output power levels for 5G devices above 6 GHz. IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 14:1247-1249. 04 February 2015. DOI:
10.1109/LAWP.2015.2400331.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Spectrum is a scarce resource, and the interest for
utilizing frequency bands above 6 GHz for future radio communication systems is
increasing. The possible use of higher frequency bands implies new challenges
in terms of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure assessments since the
fundamental exposure metric (basic restriction) is changing from specific
absorption rate (SAR) to power density. In this study, the implication of this
change is investigated in terms of the maximum possible radiated power (P max )
from a device used in close proximity to the human body. The results show that
the existing exposure limits will lead to a non-physical discontinuity of
several dB in P max as the transition is made from SAR to power
density based basic restrictions. As a consequence, to be compliant with
applicable exposure limits at frequencies above 6 GHz, P max might
have to be several dB below the power levels used for current cellular
technologies. Since the available power in uplink has a direct impact on the
system capacity and coverage, such an inconsistency, if not resolved, might
have a large effect on the development of the next generation cellular networks
(5G).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Above 6 GHz for FCC and 10 GHz for ICNIRP, EMF exposure limits
are defined in terms of free-space power density rather than SAR. It was shown
that at the transition frequency where the exposure metric changes, the maximum
radiated power to meet compliance with ICNIRP and FCC EMF limits, for a device
used in close proximity of the body, presents a strong discontinuity (in the
order of 6 dB for the investigated case). This discrepancy has no scientific
basis and is due to inconsistencies in the exposure limits. As a consequence,
the estimated maximum output power in uplink for devices operating at
frequencies above 6-10 GHz is about 18 dBm and 15 dBm for ICNIRP and FCC,
respectively. These figures were obtained by numerical simulations of a
canonical dipole at frequencies up to 70 GHz. It was shown that for more directive
antennas, the maximum available power can be substantially lower. For the IEEE
limits, the incongruity at the transition frequency is less evident. This is
because the IEEE PD limits make use of a larger averaging area than the ICNIRP
and FCC limits. The IEEE limits, however, have not yet been adopted in any
national regulations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">With a growing interest for utilizing frequency bands above
6 GHz for mobile communications, it is important that the inconsistencies at
the transition frequency from SAR to PD based basic restrictions are timely
solved. If not, the observed discrepancy might have a large impact on the
development of future mobile communication networks. We therefore encourage the
relevant standardization organizations and regulatory authorities responsible
for defining EMF exposure limits to address this issue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7031364"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7031364</span></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Expert Opinions</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>May 20, 2019</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>5G: The Unreported Global Threat</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Devra Davis, PhD, Medium, May 18, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://medium.com/@devradavis/5g-the-unreported-global-threat-717c98c9c37d" target="_blank">https://medium.com/@devradavis/5g-the-unreported-global-threat-717c98c9c37d</a></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Aug 18, 2017 (Updated Sep 27, 2017)</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><b>Scientists and Physicians Oppose</b></span><br />
<b style="font-size: large;"><b>"Small Cell" Antenna Bill (Calif. SB 649)</b></b></span></div>
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</b><b><br /></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">I have been hearing from scientists around the world who are deeply
concerned about the deployment of fifth generation (5G) wireless
technology without adequate research on the health effects of exposure
to this type of radio frequency radiation.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Following is a sample of letters sent to California Governor Brown asking him to veto SB 659, a "small cell" antenna bill written by the cellular industry that paves the way for deployment of 5G wireless technology across the state.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<b>Professor Beatrice Golomb</b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">, MD, PhD, a professor of medicine in the School of Medicine at the University of California, San Diego. </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Dr. Golomb's letter begins with the following warning:</span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"I urge in the strongest terms that you vigorously oppose California SB 649.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">If this bill passes, many people will suffer greatly, and needlessly, as a direct result.</span><span style="text-align: center;"> </span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">This sounds like hyperbole. It is not.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">My research group at UC San Diego alone has received hundreds of communications from people who have developed serious health problems from electromagnetic radiation, following introduction of new technologies. Others with whom I am in communication, have independently received hundreds of similar reports. Most likely these are a tip of an iceberg of tens or perhaps hundreds of thousands of affected person. As each new technology leading to further exposure to electromagnetic radiation is introduced – and particularly introduced in a fashion that prevents vulnerable individuals from avoiding it – a new group become sensitized to health effects. This is particularly true for pulsed signals in the radiowave and microwave portion of the spectrum, the type for which the proposed bill SB 640 will bypass local control."</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In the letter, Dr. Golomb summarizes the research on the effects of exposure to radio frequency radiation and advocates for "</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">safer, wired and well shielded technology – not more wireless."</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Appended to the letter are 360 references to the scientific literature.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">The letter can be downloaded at: </span><b><a href="http://bit.ly/SB649Golomb822" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/SB649Golomb822</a>.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Professor Martin Pall</b>, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Basic Medical Sciences at </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Washington State University, explains in his letter to the Governor his peer-reviewed research which has documented ...</span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">exquisite sensitivity to electromagnetic </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">fields (EMFs) in the voltage sensors in each cell, such that the force impacting our cells at </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">the voltage sensor has massive impact on the biology in the cells of our bodies."</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"This new understanding [1-7] means we can debunk the claims of the wireless industry </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">that there cannot be a mechanism for effects produced by these weak EMFs. The 20 years </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">plus of industry propaganda claims are false. Rather the thousands of studies showing </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">diverse health impacts of these EMFs can be explained. We now have a mechanism, one </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">that is supported by both the biology and the physics, both of which are pointing in exactly </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">the same direction."</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"5G will be much more active in activating the VGCCs and producing</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">health impacts because of its rapid absorption by materials in the body, because of its very </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">rapid pulsations and because of the huge number antennae they are planning to put up, at </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">least 200 times the number of antennae from all current cell phone towers. What this </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">means is that the impacts on the outer one to two inches of our bodies will be massive."</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">His letter discusses the potential health impacts on humans and on agriculture with exposure to 5G radiation.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">The letter can be downloaded at: </span></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/SB649Pall" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/SB649Pall</a></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Dr. Michael Lipsett</b>, MD, JD, a retired public health physician with extensive experience in environmental health, mentions in his letter the recent demand for a 5G moratorium by more than 180 scientists and physicians and the study of cell phone radiation conducted by the </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">National Toxicology Program</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">He points out that while individuals can take precautions to reduce their exposure to radiofrequency radiation emitted by wireless devices, this is not feasible with exposure from cell antennas. He notes that ...</span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"laboratory and human health investigations designed and conducted by independent researchers have reported associations linking exposure to radiation from cell phones or similar devices with multiple adverse effects (e.g., headaches, impacts on brain function, memory, learning and sleep; decreased sperm counts and quality) as well as with DNA damage and tumors of the brain and nervous system."</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"Potential health impacts of wireless communication have been ignored or obscured for decades by the telecommunications industry, which has implied that cell phones and other devices are safe because they comply with federal safety standards. However, these standards were established more than 20 years ago and were based on assumptions that have since been called into question by health research studies. The push to establish a 5G network, exemplified by SB 649, is based on a similarly unproven assumption: i.e., that round-the-clock exposure to 5G frequencies will not affect human health or the environment.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Establishment of a 5G network will be irreversible, as will the pattern of near-universal exposure of California residents to high-frequency, as-yet-untested 5G electromagnetic radiation."</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">The letter can be downloaded at: </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/LipsettSB649" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/LipsettSB649</a>.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
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<b>June 23, 2017</b><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><b>EMF Scientist Appeal Advisors Call for Moratorium </b></span><b style="font-size: large;"><b>on Policies </b></b><br />
<b style="font-size: large;"><b>for 5G “Small Cell” Antennas</b></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">The
advisors to the </span><a href="https://emfscientist.org/">International EMF Scientist
Appeal</a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"> submitted a letter to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in
opposition to a proposed change in FCC rules that would allow rapid deployment
of 5</span><sup>th</sup><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"> generation (5G) wireless infrastructure throughout the
nation. A copy of the Appeal was appended to the letter.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">5G
involves transmission of millimeter waves which operate at much higher
frequencies than currently used for cellular transmission (30 to 300 gigahertz).
Because the range of these signals is limited (i.e., less than a football
field), hundreds of thousands of new “small cell” antennas will be required in
the U.S. The wireless industry wants to install these not-so-small cellular antennas
on existing public utility poles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The
FCC intends to streamline the approval of these antennas which would further
undermine the regulatory authority of cities and states over cell towers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Meanwhile
the wireless industry is lobbying for <a href="http://enterpriseiotinsights.com/20170515/news/small-cell-showdowns-move-to-state-legislatures-tag4">legislation</a>
in many states across the country that would limit local authority over cell antenna
deployment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Due
to the concern that the FCC’s new rules will result in increased exposure to
electromagnetic fields (EMF), the Appeal’s advisors oppose the new rules and call
for a “public health review of the growing body of scientific evidence that
includes reports of increasing rates of cancer and neurological diseases that
may be caused by exposure to EMF from wireless sources.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The
Appeal reflects the concerns of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk485127750"></a><a href="https://emfscientist.org/index.php/emf-scientist-appeal">225 EMF experts</a>
from 41 nations about the impact of EMF exposure on public health. All
of the experts who signed this appeal have published research in peer-reviewed scientific
journals about the biologic or health effects of EMF. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;">According
to the Appeal’s signatories, current national and international EMF exposure
guidelines are obsolete and inadequate to protect human health and the
environment. The FCC’s radio frequency guidelines were adopted in 1996.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The
letter (dated June 9, 2017) is signed by the five advisors to the International
EMF Scientist Appeal: Drs. Martin Blank, Magda Havas, Henry Lai, and Joel
Moskowitz, and Elizabeth Kelley.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;">For
more information:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/filing/10609244479013" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/filing/10609244479013" target="_blank">FCC filing detail</a> (June 9, 2017)</span></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><a href="https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10609244479013/FCC%20NPRM%20comments.%20Dockets%2017-79%20%26%2015-180.6.09.17.pdf" target="_blank">FCC letter submitted by Advisors to International EMF Scientist Appeal</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10609244479013/International_EMF_Scientist_Appeal_2017.pdf" target="_blank">FCC submission: International EMF Scientist Appeal</a></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://emfscientist.org/">International EMF Scientist Appeal Official Website</a> </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/06/international-scientist-appeal-on.html" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; color: #8a7ca1;">International EMF
Scientist Appeal on Electromagnetic Fields and Wireless Technology</span></a> <span style="background: white; color: #222222;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>May 8, 2017</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></span><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>A 5G Wireless Future: </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Will it give us a smart nation or contribute to an unhealthy one?</span></b></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Dr. Cindy Russell, The </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">(SCCMA) </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Bulletin, Jan/Feb 2017</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Safety testing for 5G is the same as other wireless devices. It is based </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">on heat. This is an obsolete standard and not considering current science </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">showing cellular and organism harm from non-thermal effects. There is </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">a large gap in safety data for 5G biological effects that has been demonstrated </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">in older studies including military.</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b>Recommendations</b></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">1. Do not proceed to roll out 5G technologies pending pre-market </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">studies on health effects.</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">2. Reevaluate safety standards based on long term as well as short </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">term studies on biological effects.</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">3. Rescind a portion of Section 704 of the Telecommunications Act </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">of 1996 which preempts state and local government regulation </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">for the placement, construction, and modification of personal </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">wireless service facilities on the basis of the environmental </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">effects so that health and environmental issues can be addressed.</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">4. Rescind portions of The Spectrum Act which was passed in 2012 </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act, </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">which strips the ability city officials and local governments to </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">regulate cellular communications equipment, provides no public </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">notification or opportunity for public input and may potentially </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">result in environmental impacts.</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">5. Create an independent multidisciplinary scientific agency tasked </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">with developing appropriate safety regulations, pre-market </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">testing and research needs in a transparent environment with </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">public input.</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">6. Label pertinent EMF information on devices along with </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">appropriate precautionary warnings.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dr. Russell provides a brief review of the research on millimeter wave bioeffects in this article: </span><a href="http://bit.ly/5GRussell" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/5GRussell</a>.<br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b>--</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span><br /></span></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b>Aug 17, 2016 (Updated Aug 19)</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">5G
cellular technology will employ much higher frequency microwaves than current
cell phone technologies: 2G, 3G, and 4G. These microwaves, known as
millimeter waves, won't penetrate building materials like the current
technology which is why industry may need one cell antenna base station for
every 12 homes. </span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
But millimeter waves can affect your eyes and <span face=""arial" , sans-serif">penetrate your skin.</span><br />
<br />
When the<b><i> Los Angeles Times</i></b> reporter contacted me for the story
below, I did a quick search and found several recently published articles
examining biological effects of millimeter waves (see references below). This
form of microwave radiation is most likely to affect our skin and neuronal
cells in the upper dermis.<br />
<br />
Moreover, widespread adoption of 5G cellular technology in the U.S. may have profound
effects on our ecosystem by altering bacteria, possibly creating harmful
bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. <br />
<br />
History has proved that we cannot trust the <a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/06/an-expose-of-fcc-agency-captured-by.html" target="_blank">FCC</a> and the <a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/11/analysis-of-cellular-phone-radiation.html" target="_blank">FDA</a>
to protect our health from microwave radiation exposure.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I submitted an <a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/07/fcc-open-letter-calls-for-moratorium-on.html" target="_blank">open letter to the FCC</a> in July calling for </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"an independent review of the biologic and health research to determine whether the RF standards should be modified before allowing additional spectrum to be used for new commercial applications." </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<br />Moreover, the FCC has ignored the 800-plus <a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/08/part-i-why-we-need-stronger-cell-phone.html" target="_blank">submissions</a>
that call upon the agency to adopt rigorous radio frequency <b>standards</b> to protect the public’s health. Instead the agency
maintains its 20-year old exposure <b>guidelines</b>
that control only for heating or thermal risks. The FDA has ignored the
thousands of studies that find nonthermal biologic effects, and the human
studies that find a wide range of health effects including increased cancer
risk and reproductive harm from exposure to low intensity microwaves.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">In my opinion, precaution is warranted before unleashing 5G technology on the world. I suspect most of the 221 scientists who signed the </span><a href="https://emfscientist.org/" target="_blank">International EMF Scientist Appeal </a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">(referenced in the article below), would support this assertion.</span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /><br />However, more research is also needed as specific characteristics of the millimeter waves
(e.g., pulsing, modulation) to be employed in 5G cellular technology may be more important than
the frequency or intensity of the waves in terms of biologic and health
effects. The research funding must be independent of industry as conflicts of
interest have been found to undermine the science in this field.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">For an unbiased summary of the partial findings of the
National Toxicology Program study of cancer risk from 2G cell phone radiation,
see </span><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/05/national-toxicology-progam-finds-cell.html" target="_blank">http://www.saferemr.com/2016/05/national-toxicology-progam-finds-cell.html</a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b> <span style="font-size: medium;">Low-intensity millimeter waves </span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">used for pain therapy have side effects</span></b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />The Russians have pioneered millimeter wave therapy (MWT) using low intensity millimeter waves to reduce pain including headaches, joint pain, and postoperative pain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Although the following review paper documents some positive effects from short-term exposure to MWT, the authors note that there are side effects including fatigue, sleepiness, and p</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">aresthesia (an abnormal sensation, tingling or pricking [“pins and needles”] caused by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves). </span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"We conclude that there is promising data from pilot case series and small-scale randomized controlled trials for analgesic/hypoalgesic effects of electromagnetic millimeter waves in frequency range 30–70 GHz. Large-scale randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of this non-invasive therapeutic technique are necessary."</span> </span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"In the studies reviewed the authors did not report any health-related side effects of MWT. Slight paresthesias, previously mentioned in several case reports and non-controlled case series (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b10">10</a>,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b11">11</a>), appeared in almost 50% of patients in studies where the effects of MWT were carefully described (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b21">21</a>,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b27">27</a>,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b28">28</a>,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b31">31</a>). The paresthesias were of short duration and reported as pleasant (‘warmth’) or neutral. General fatigue and sleepiness during the treatment sessions in almost 80% of the patients was a rather desirable side effect of MWT, as also described in previous reviews on biomedical effects of MWT (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b10">10</a>,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b11">11</a>,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b21">21</a>,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b27">27</a>,<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/#b28">28</a>)."</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">From: Usichenko TI, Edinger H, Gizhko VV, Lehmann C, Wendt M, Feyerherd F. Low-intensity electromagnetic millimeter waves for pain therapy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2006 Jun;3(2):201-7. URL: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475937/</a></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Little research is available on long-term exposure to millimeter waves (see below). Most of the studies referred to in this review paper did not modulate or pulse the carrier waves which will be required for information-carrying millimeter waves employed in 5G technologies. Prior research suggests that such waves will be more biologically active than pure sine waves.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold;">Additional Resources </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">(Updated 3/13/2022)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div></div><div><br /></div></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">D. B. Deaconescu, A. M. Buda, D. Vatamanu, S. Miclaus. <b><a href="https://etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/4670/2663" target="_blank">The Dynamics of the Radiated Field Near a Mobile Phone Connected to a 4G or 5G Network</a></b>.
Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res. 12(1):8101–8106, Feb. 2022.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>ANFR (France). <b><a href="https://www.anfr.fr/fileadmin/mediatheque/documents/expace/20211214-exposition-5G-EN.pdf" target="_blank">Study of the 5G contribution to exposure of the general public to electromagnetic waves: Preliminary Report</a></b>. Dec 2021.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><br /></div><div>Sally Beare. <b><a href="https://envirotecmagazine.com/2021/11/08/how-green-is-5g" target="_blank">How green is 5G?</a> </b><i>Envirotec Magazine</i>, Nov 2021. </div><div><br /></div><div>Sam Aerts, Kenneth Deprez, Davide Colombi, Matthias Van den Bossche, Leen Verloock, Luc Martens, Christer Törnevik, Wout Joseph. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/8/3592" target="_blank"><b>In Situ Assessment of 5G NR Massive MIMO Base Station Exposure in a Commercial Network in Bern, Switzerland</b></a>. <em>Appl. Sci.</em> 11(8): 3592.
2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083592. </div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kyuri Kim, Young Seung Lee, Nam Kim, Hyung-Do Choi, Dong-Jun Kang, Hak Rim Kim, Kyung-Min Lim.
<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/170" target="_blank"><b>Effects of Electromagnetic Waves with LTE and 5G Bandwidth on the Skin Pigmentation In Vitro</b></a>. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 26;22(1):E170. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010170. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail-mb-3">El-Hajj AM, Naous T. <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9221314" target="_blank"><b>Radiation analysis in a gradual 5G network deployment strategy</b></a>. 2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF), Bangalore, India IEEE, 2020: 448-453, ISBN 9781728173009. (Austin, TX simulation)</div><div dir="ltr"></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Koh TH, Choi JW, Seo M, Choi H-D, Kim KH. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.22290" target="_blank"><b>Factors affecting risk perception of electromagnetic waves from 5G network base stations</b></a>. Bioelectromagnetics. 31 August 2020. Open access paper.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Electromagnetic Radiation Safety.<b> <a href="http://bit.ly/EmfPortal5G" target="_blank">5G Research from the EMF-Portal Archive: 133 papers and presentations</a>. </b> Apr 1, 2020.</span></div><br />
</span><div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Lin JC.<b>
<a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9117254" target="_blank">Telecommunications health and safety: US FCC affirms its current safety limits for RF radiation and 5G wireless</a></b>. Radio Science Bulletin 2019; 2019 (371): 87-89.</span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span face="sans-serif" style="color: #333333;">Lin JC. <b><a href=" https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9632507" target="_blank">Health Safety Guidelines and 5G Wireless Radiation [Health Matters]</a></b>. </span><i style="color: #333333; font-family: sans-serif; outline: currentcolor none medium;">IEEE Microwave Magazine</i><span face="sans-serif" style="color: #333333;">. 23(1):10-17. Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1109/MMM.2021.3117307.</span></div></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Pujol F, Manero C, Ropert S, Enjalbal A, Lavender T, Jervis V, Rudd R, Marcus JS.<b> <a href="https://bruegel.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/KK0319410ENN.en_.pdf" target="_blank">Study on using millimetre waves bands for the deployment of the 5G ecosystem in the Union: Final Report</a>.</b> </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">A study prepared for the European Commission. </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">doi: 10.2759/703052. 2019. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Mehdizadeh AR, Mortazavi SMJ. Editorial. </span><a href="http://www.jbpe.ir/Journal_OJS/JBPE/index.php/jbpe/article/download/1225/558" target="_blank"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">5G technology: Why should we expect </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">a shift from RF-induced brain cancers to s</span></b></a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.jbpe.ir/Journal_OJS/JBPE/index.php/jbpe/article/download/1225/558" target="_blank"><b>kin cancers?</b></a> J Biomed Phys Eng. 2019.</span><br />
<i><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"> "</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">In summary, although 5G technology </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">brings new risks, it should be noted that regarding mobile phone use and cancer, the level of exposure </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">is a factor that really matters."</span></i><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><b><a href="https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/feature/The-essential-5G-glossary-of-key-terms-and-phrases" target="_blank">The essential 5G glossary of key terms and phrases</a></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Michaela Goss, Tech Target, Aug 12, 2019</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=291&v=ekNC0J3xx1w" target="_blank">Senator Blumenthal Raises Concerns on 5G Wireless Technology Health Risks at Senate Hearing</a></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">U.S. Senate Commerce Committee Hearing, Feb 6, 2019 (5 minute video)</span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> "We're kind of flying blind here so far as health and safety is concerned."</span><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div data-block="true" data-editor="bsdt1" data-offset-key="dj9-0-0">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dj9-0-0">
<span data-offset-key="dj9-0-0"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/is-5g-harmful-for-humans-and-the-environment" target="_blank">Is 5G Harmful for Humans and the Environment?</a></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Kashyap Vyas, Interesting Engineering, Jan 27, 2019</span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="68hf8-0-0"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.ctn.state.ct.us/ctnplayer.asp?odID=15794" target="_blank"><b>U.S. Senator Blumenthal briefing on possible health risks posed by 5G wireless technology</b></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Congressional news briefing, Connecticut Network, Dec 3, 2018 (22 minute video)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="http://electromagnetichealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/IMG_20181203_0002.pdf" target="_blank">Congressional letter to FCC Commissioner requesting evidence for safety of 5G</a></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Richard Blumenthal, Anna G. Eshoo, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dec 3, 2018</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.theepochtimes.com/resistance-to-5g-roadblock-to-a-high-tech-future-or-warning-of-a-serious-health-risk_2705116.html" target="_blank"><b>Resistance to 5G: Roadblock to a High Tech Future or Warning of a Serious Health Risk?</b></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Conan Milner, Epoch Times, November 9, 2018</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-5784487/The-roll-5G-wireless-service-massive-health-experiment-public-health-expert-warns-a.html" target="_blank"><b>The roll out of 5G wireless service is 'a massive health experiment,' public health expert warns as cell companies install 800,000 towers across the US</b></a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Natalie Rahhal, Daily Mail, May 29, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><a href="https://betweenrockandhardplace.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/leszczynski-5g-mmw-at-aocrp5-may-22-2018.pptx" target="_blank"><b>The 5G telecommunication technology--emitted millimeter waves: Lack of research on bioeffects</b></a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Dariusz Leszczynski, PhD, Presentation at 5th Asian & Oceanic IRPA Regional Congress on Radiation Protection, Melbourne, Australia, May 22, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.eenews.net/greenwire/2018/05/03/stories/1060080771" target="_blank"><b>NEPA rollback now official for small wireless projects</b></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sobczyk N, GreenWire, May 3, 2018</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://bit.ly/MLPall5G" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>5G: Great risk for EU, U.S. and International Health! Compelling Evidence for</b></span></a><br />
<a href="http://bit.ly/MLPall5G" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Eight Distinct Types of Great Harm Caused by Electromagnetic Exposures and the Mechanism that Causes Them</b></span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Martin L. Pall, PhD, undated</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><a href="http://www.thegreengazette.ca/5g-and-internet-of-things-a-trojan-horse/" target="_blank">5G and Internet of Things: A Trojan Horse</a></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Paul </span>Héroux, PhD, The Green Gazette, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mar 27, 2018</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.publicintegrity.org/2018/03/02/21502/residents-worried-about-small-cell-safety-have-been-waiting-years-federal-guidance" target="_blank">Residents worried about small cell safety have been waiting years for federal guidance</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ryan Barwick, Center for Public Integrity, Mar 2, 2018</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/02/technology/5g-cellular-service.html" target="_blank"><br /></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/02/technology/5g-cellular-service.html" target="_blank">5G Cell Service Is Coming. Who Decides Where It Goes?</a></b><br />Allan Holmes, New York Times, Mar 2, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/dec/11/tsunami-of-data-could-consume-fifth-global-electricity-by-2025" target="_blank">‘Tsunami of data’ could consume one fifth of global electricity by 2025</a></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Guardian, Dec 11, 2017</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bayareane.ws/2gt01hR" target="_blank"><b>California: Bill to ease permits for cellular antennas could impact health</b></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tracy Seipel. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mercury News (San Jose, CA), Aug 31, 2017</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-cellphone-5g-health-20160808-snap-story.html" target="_blank">Is 5G technology dangerous? Early data shows a slight increase of tumors in male rats exposed to cellphone radiation</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jim Puzzanghera, Los Angeles Times, Aug 8, 2016</span></span><br /></div>
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-2802107759394720472024-02-03T13:30:00.001-08:002024-02-03T13:55:08.864-08:00Effect of Mobile Phones on Sperm Quality<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
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<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivBZiupZVju6bFPaRpxHWu84D2DZPEeZabv89os4TORI12qI7o3Iz-2JZhCJdRyNy9-Izrdxbbo6qcq08A1huXPHVWM5i4ivgyzPGdrUMnCMEuG8EOlKfKKTFAF9aV10RyVkt19EbCcsK7LmQX6bGkUp5D2vBzvIqedlz7PRHhUckvpapPTOkyx4hay38/s942/male%20reproductive%20effects.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="578" data-original-width="942" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivBZiupZVju6bFPaRpxHWu84D2DZPEeZabv89os4TORI12qI7o3Iz-2JZhCJdRyNy9-Izrdxbbo6qcq08A1huXPHVWM5i4ivgyzPGdrUMnCMEuG8EOlKfKKTFAF9aV10RyVkt19EbCcsK7LmQX6bGkUp5D2vBzvIqedlz7PRHhUckvpapPTOkyx4hay38/w640-h392/male%20reproductive%20effects.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">Gautam R, Arora T. Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation (RF-EMR) Emitted from Mobile Phone and its Impact on Male Reproductive Health. EIACP: Diversity and Impact on the Environment. 28(3):8-11. 2023.</span><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-RQvmbIUEyvGIhcYaLYt8OhCh8sXhqEg-DYe-YG0dTit0eu3Hiw9Y6FARRwpSoBrnn6-4ALqCX7IDAEc3qwoiQ3hdnBkbdhts2c5EnELx-vqLAnUJCD1OklvSKdEfw9LqFW_P_EdMmRM/s1600/sperm+damage+model+kesari+2018.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="1418" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-RQvmbIUEyvGIhcYaLYt8OhCh8sXhqEg-DYe-YG0dTit0eu3Hiw9Y6FARRwpSoBrnn6-4ALqCX7IDAEc3qwoiQ3hdnBkbdhts2c5EnELx-vqLAnUJCD1OklvSKdEfw9LqFW_P_EdMmRM/s400/sperm+damage+model+kesari+2018.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: arial;">Diagram representing various sources of RF EMF exposure effect on brain and testicular organ and deleterious outcomes (Kesari, Agarwal & Henkel, 2018)<br /><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><h2>Review Papers</h2><div style="text-align: left;"><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b> Detrimental
impact of cell phone radiation on sperm DNA integrity<br /></b></p><p>
Koohestanidehaghi Y, Khalili MA, Dehghanpour F, Seify M. Detrimental impact of cell phone radiation on sperm DNA integrity. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2024 Jan 24. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06121.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from various sources may impact health due to the generation of frequency bands. Broad pulses emitted within frequency bands can be absorbed by cells, influencing their function. Numerous laboratory studies have demonstrated that mobile phones-generally the most widely used devices-can have harmful effects on sex cells, such as sperm and oocytes, by producing RF-EMR. Moreover, some research has indicated that RF-EMR generated by mobile phones can influence sperm parameters, including motility, morphology, viability, and (most critically) DNA structure. Consequently, RF-EMR can disrupt both sperm function and fertilization. However, other studies have reported that exposure of spermatozoa to RF-EMR does not affect the functional parameters or genetic structure of sperm. These conflicting results likely stem from differences among studies in the duration and exposure distance, as well as the species of animal used. This report was undertaken to review the existing research discussing the effects of RF-EMR on the DNA integrity of mammalian spermatozoa.<br /><br />EMW can induce oxidative stress, which subsequently leads to disorders such as reduced mobility, morphological changes, acrosome disturbances, and ultimately, damage to the nucleus and genetic material. This oxidative damage to DNA can result in the breakdown of both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA structures, culminating in fragmentation. If the DNA is not repaired and the damage accumulates, the sperm may undergo apoptosis. Damage to the sperm genome can ultimately impact fertility, potentially leading to infertility. Therefore, it is advisable to limit daily exposure to these sources to prevent irreversible damage caused by EMWs. Many men carry their cell phones in their trouser pockets or clipped to their belts, and the use of Bluetooth can increase their susceptibility to RF-EMR exposure. This exposure can induce changes in sperm quality through oxidative stress, potentially leading to infertility. Agarwal et al. [11] suggested that carrying a cell phone in a pocket could lead to a decline in sperm quality. However, it is important to note that the phone and male reproductive organs are separated by multiple tissue layers. Therefore, extrapolating these in vitro effects to real-life conditions requires further studies [11].</p><p><br />In July 2021, the European Parliament commissioned a research report titled “Health impact of 5G.” The report concluded that the commonly used RF-EMFs are likely carcinogenic to humans and have a definitive impact on male fertility. It also suggested potential adverse effects on the development of embryos, fetuses, and newborns. To mitigate these adverse effects, the organization proposed several strategies. These include favoring non-wireless connections, increasing distance from the source of RF-EMFs, switching off devices when not in use, and practicing safe phone usage [55].</p><div class="gmail-abstract-content gmail-selected" id="eng-abstract"><div class="gmail-back" id="gmail-article-back">
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<p>Open access paper: <a href="https://ecerm.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5653/cerm.2023.06121">https://ecerm.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5653/cerm.2023.06121</a></p><p>--</p></div></span></span></span></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Genotoxic Risks to Male Reproductive Health from Radiofrequency Radiation</span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Kaur P, Rai U, Singh R. Genotoxic Risks to Male Reproductive Health from Radiofrequency Radiation. Cells. 2023; 12(4):594. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040594.</div></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Abstract</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">During modern era, mobile phones, televisions, microwaves, radio, and wireless devices, etc., have become an integral part of our daily lifestyle. All these technologies employ radiofrequency (RF) waves and everyone is exposed to them, since they are widespread in the environment. The increasing risk of male infertility is a growing concern to the human population. Excessive and long-term exposure to non-ionizing radiation may cause genetic health effects on the male reproductive system which could be a primitive factor to induce cancer risk. With respect to the concerned aspect, many possible RFR induced genotoxic studies have been reported; however, reports are very contradictory and showed the possible effect on humans and animals. Thus, the present review is focusing on the genomic impact of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) underlying the male infertility issue. In this review, both in vitro and in vivo studies have been incorporated explaining the role of RFR on the male reproductive system. It includes RFR induced-DNA damage, micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, SCE generation, etc. In addition, attention has also been paid to the ROS generation after radiofrequency radiation exposure showing a rise in oxidative stress, base adduct formation, sperm head DNA damage, or cross-linking problems between DNA & protein.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Conclusions</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The present review reveals a better understanding of the genotoxic effects of radiofrequency radiation on male reproductive health emitted from mobile phones, laptops, microwaves, wireless networks, etc. The study focused on different endpoints such as DNA damage, micronuclei formation and genomic instability, SCE & chromosomal aberrations covering both in vitro and in vivo parameters. The available information following in vitro and in vivo exposure shows that all the yielded data has both positive and negative results. In this review, studies reported DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, and elevated protein expression in both human and animal spermatozoa, concluding a decrease in viability, mitochondrial genomic destruction and DNA strand breaks. Further micronuclei formation, SCE and chromosomal aberrations are also found to cause abnormalities, leading to the accumulation of mutations and hence causing cancer risk. While controversial investigation, on the other hand, supported with no effect on cellular apoptosis or DNA integrity. Our present study reviewed that RFR has insufficient energy production to generate genomic damage. Yet, such effects were probably found to be responsible for male infertility due to the indirect mechanism of oxidative stress via ROS generation in the exposed system. Few studies also suggested that the damage due to the cumulative effect of repeated exposure varies with physical parameters such as distance from the radiation source, short-term or long-term exposure duration, penetration depth, and frequency of exposure. Therefore, considering all data together, the present review supports the capability of radiofrequency radiation to induce genotoxicity underlying male infertility keeping some limitations in mind, since the report is a conclusion of narrative study and limited literature were found explaining the actual mechanism of micronuclei formation, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberration and genomic instability. Hence, more studies are needed to elucidate the DNA damage mechanism with more robust study designs favoring potential genotoxic effects of RFR on male reproductive health.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/4/594" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/4/594</a></div></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><div dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;"><p style="text-align: left;">--</p></div></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: arial;"><h3 style="text-align: center;"><span>Pusan National University scientists reveal links between sperm quality and cell phone use</span></h3><p class="gmail-subtitle">The findings of their updated meta-analysis hint at the potential dangers of modern electronic gadgets</p><p class="gmail-meta_institute">Pusan National University, News Release <time datetime="TODO">24-Jan-2022</time><br /></p></span><div class="entry"><span style="font-family: arial;"><figure class="gmail-thumbnail gmail-pull-right" style="z-index: 9999;"><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/815225"><div class="gmail-img-wrapper"><img alt="An infographic depicting the key findings of the new meta-analysis" height="378" src="https://earimediaprodweb.azurewebsites.net/Api/v1/Multimedia/e05dfd07-17f4-41b8-984a-ce0822fe797b/Rendition/low-res/Content/Public" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="640" /></div></a><figcaption class="gmail-caption"><p><strong>image: After examining a series of studies from 2012 to 2021, researchers have performed an updated meta-analysis that clearly indicates the connection between cell phone and decreased sperm quality.</strong> <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/815225">view <span class="gmail-no-break-text">more </span></a></p><p class="gmail-credit">Credit: Pusan National University</p></figcaption></figure></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Cell phones have succeeded in bringing the world closer, making life tolerable during a very trying time. But cellphones also have their downsides. They can have negative effects on health. This is because cell phones emit radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMWs), which are absorbed by the body. According to a meta-analysis from 2011, data from previous studies indicate that RF-EMWs emitted by cell phones degrade sperm quality by reducing their motility, viability, and concentration. However, this meta-analysis had a few limitations, as it had low amounts of in vivo data and considered cell phone models that are now outdated.<br /><br />In an effort to bring more up-to-date results to the table, a team of researchers led by Assistant Professor Yun Hak Kim from Pusan National University, Korea, conducted a new meta-analysis on the potential effects of cell phones on sperm quality. They screened 435 studies and records published between 2012 and 2021 and found 18—covering a total of 4280 samples—that were suitable for the statistical analyses. Their paper was made available online on July 30, 2021 and was published in Volume 202 of <a href="#">Environmental Research</a> in November, 2021.<br /><br />Overall, the results indicate that cell phone use is indeed associated with reduced sperm motility, viability, and concentration. These findings are more refined than those from the previous meta-analysis thanks to a better subgroup analysis of the data. Another important aspect that the researchers looked into was if higher exposure time to cell phones was correlated to lower sperm quality. However, they found out that the decrease in sperm quality was not significantly related to exposure time—just to exposure to mobile phones itself. Considering the results were consistent across both in vivo and in vitro (cultured sperm) data, Dr. Kim warns that “Male cell-phone users should strive to reduce mobile phone use to protect their sperm quality.”<br /><br />Knowing that the number of cell phone users is most likely going to increase in the future, it’s high time we start considering exposure to RF-EMW as one of the underlying factors causing a reduction in sperm quality among the male population. Moreover, seeing how technologies evolve so quickly, Dr. Kim remarks that “additional studies will be needed to determine the effect of exposure to EMWs emitted from new mobile phone models in the present digital environment.” The bottom line is, if you’re worried about your fertility (and potentially other aspects of your health), it may be a good idea to limit your daily cell phone use.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><p><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/941005" target="_blank">https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/941005</a></p><p>--</p><p><b>Effects of mobile phone usage on sperm quality – No time-dependent relationship on usage: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis</b></p></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="entry">Sungjoon Kim, Donghyun Han, Jiwoo Ryu, Kihun Kim, Yun Hak Kim. Effects of mobile phone usage on sperm quality – No time-dependent relationship on usage: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Environmental Research. 202:111784, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111784.</div><div class="entry"><br /></div><div class="entry">Abstract<br /></div><div class="entry"><br /></div><div class="entry">Background Mobile phones emit radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves (EMWs), a low-level RF that can be absorbed by the human body and exert potential adverse effects on the brain, heart, endocrine system, and reproductive function. Owing to the novel findings of numerous studies published since 2012 regarding the effect of mobile phone use on sperm quality, we conducted a systematic review and updated meta-analysis to determine whether the exposure to RF-EMWs affects human sperm quality.<br /></div><div class="entry"><br /></div><div class="entry">Methods This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The outcome measures depicting sperm quality were motility, viability, and concentration, which are the most frequently used parameters in clinical settings to assess fertility.</div><div class="entry"><br /></div><div class="entry">Results We evaluated 18 studies that included 4280 samples. Exposure to mobile phones is associated with reduced sperm motility, viability, and concentration. The decrease in sperm quality after RF-EMW exposure was not significant, even when the mobile phone usage increased. This finding was consistent across experimental in vitro and observational in vivo studies.<br /></div><div class="entry"><br /></div><div class="entry">Discussion Accumulated data from in vivo studies show that mobile phone usage is harmful to sperm quality. Additional studies are needed to determine the effect of the exposure to EMWs from new mobile phone models used in the present digital environment.</div><div class="entry"><br /></div><div class="entry">Excerpts</div><div class="entry"><div><br /></div><div><div>"... 18 studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis (Table 1 and Fig. 1) (Agarwal et al., 2008, 2009; Ahmad and Baig, 2011; Al-Bayyari, 2017b; De Iuliis et al., 2009; Ding et al., 2018a; Dkhil et al., 2011; Erogul et al., 2006; Falzone et al., 2008; Fejes et al., 2005; Kaya et al., 2020; Malini, 2017b; Rago et al., 2013; Sajeda and Al-Watter, 2011; Veerachari and Vasan, 2012; Wdowiak et al., 2018; Yildirim et al., 2015; Zalata et al., 2015). Nine studies from a previous meta-analysis and nine new studies that included 4280 samples were used for analysis. One conference paper included in the previous study was excluded. The sperm quality parameters established in each paper varied and were subjected to a meta-analysis; 16 papers provided data on sperm motility, 6 provided data on sperm viability, and 12 provided data on sperm concentration. All in vitro studies were experimental, whereas all in vivo studies were observational. We identified the MD values of the entire 4280 samples and analyzed the MD values of each group after classifying them according to four criteria: control group setting (non-exposure vs. less exposure), study design (in vivo and in vitro), participant group (fertility clinic and population), and storage location (trousers or not)."</div><br />Conclusion<br /><br />"Mobile phone use decreased the overall sperm quality by affecting the motility, viability, and concentration. It was further reduced in the group with high mobile phone usage. In particular, the decrease was remarkable in in vivo studies with stronger clinical significance in subgroup analysis. Therefore, long-term cell phone use is a factor that must be considered as a cause of sperm quality reduction. Additional studies are needed to determine the effect of the exposure to EMWs emitted from new mobile phone models in the present digital environment."</div></div><div class="entry"><br /></div><div class="entry"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935121010781" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935121010781</a> </div><div class="entry"><br /></div></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div dir="ltr"><b>--</b></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr">Romualdo Sciorio, Luca Tramontano, Sandro C Esteves. Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on sperm quality. Zygote. 2021 Aug 13;1-10. doi: 10.1017/S096719942100037X</div><div dir="ltr"><br />Abstract<br /><br />In the last decades, the universal use of mobile phones has contributed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation environmental pollution. The steady growth in mobile phone usage has raised concerns about the effects of phone radiation on male reproductive health. Epidemiological studies report a sharp decline in sperm counts in developing countries, and worldwide with c. 14% of couples having difficulties to conceive, many of which are attributed to a male infertility factor. Environment and lifestyle factors are known to contribute to male infertility. Exposure to heat, radiation, or radioactivity might induce damage to biological tissue organs, including the testis. Given the ubiquitous use of mobile phones, the potential adverse effects of the resulting environmental radiation needs to be elucidated further. It seems to be an apparent relationship between the increased exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency and sperm quality decline, but the evidence is not conclusive. Our review summarizes the evidence concerning the possible adverse effects of cell phone radiation on the male reproductive system, with a focus on sperm quality. Also, we critically analyze the effects of elevated testicular temperature and oxidative stress on male fertility and how these factors could interfere with the physiological activities of the testis.</div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34384508/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34384508/</a></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail-sec gmail-other" id="gmail-s8">Future perspectives and conclusions<br /></div><div class="gmail-sec gmail-other"><br /></div><div class="gmail-sec gmail-other">The rapid technological advances in personal computers and communication devices might pose a risk for human health. Cell phone devices emit radiofrequency electromagnetic waves that seem to affect male reproductive health and other body functions (McClelland 3rd and Jaboin, 2018; Sage and Burgio, 2018; Wall et al., 2019). Although the current data are not unequivocal, it seems sound to speculate that mobile phone exposure might be contributing to subfertility. However, the existing evidence primarily relates to adverse effects on sperm motility and morphology, which are limited endpoints for evaluating the male fertility potential.<br /><br />The exact mechanisms of how RF-EMR might affect the testis, epididymis, and sperm have not yet been fully understood. Additional studies are warranted, particularly prospective studies assessing sperm functional markers, such as sperm DNA integrity and OS, in fertile and subfertile men. Equally important will be to analyze whether the decreased sperm quality associated with mobile phone exposure translates into impaired pregnancy chances. The effects of short-term and long-term exposure and energy intensity should be also investigated in more detail, taking into account relevant confounders. Only then will scientific societies and regulatory bodies be able to provide users with transparent information concerning the risks and guidance for proper use.</div><div class="gmail-sec gmail-other"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-sec gmail-other"><span style="text-align: center;">--</span></div></div></span></div><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><br /><br /><br />G<span><span style="color: #505050; font-family: arial;">ang Yu, Zhiming Bai, Song Chao, Qing Cheng, Gang Wang, Zeping Tang, Sixing Yang. Current progress on the effect of mobile phone radiation on sperm quality: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies. Environmental Pollution. Published online: 30 March 2021. </span></span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116952" style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116952</a><span style="color: #505050; font-family: arial; text-align: left;">.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="gmail-m_770732041656818510gmail-m_3669318197958186684gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Highlights<br /><br />• Mobile phone use was related to sperm quality decline of men in some areas.<br />• Mobile phone RF-EMR directly impaired mature sperm of men in vitro.<br />• Mobile phone RF-EMR affected some parameters of sperm quality in experiment animals.<br />• Experiment conditions affected pooled results of animal experiments.<br />• More studies should be conducted to investigate this issue in new era.<br /><br /></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJOp8GarCFdv0yWM4l4CxxNk_1DdZ-tuFec0FKYtneXRhNqnEjKFQIRivZRGJ5cQp4jBQcEGdYdRz_Fmyc0_V9XGdgIjC0C_ZSJqtO_M7EtM4xgUBfS0R0D2mQ9tvs2Vr_e10WOThUZWk/s1265/sperm+damage+2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="1265" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJOp8GarCFdv0yWM4l4CxxNk_1DdZ-tuFec0FKYtneXRhNqnEjKFQIRivZRGJ5cQp4jBQcEGdYdRz_Fmyc0_V9XGdgIjC0C_ZSJqtO_M7EtM4xgUBfS0R0D2mQ9tvs2Vr_e10WOThUZWk/w640-h448/sperm+damage+2021.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div></div><span style="color: #505050; font-family: arial;"><div><br /></div><div>Abstract</div><div><br /><div>Potential suppression of fertility due to mobile phone radiation remains a focus of researchers. We conducted meta-analyses on the effects of mobile phone radiation on sperm quality using recent evidence and propose some perspectives on this issue. Using the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, WOS, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, we retrieved and screened studies published before December 2020 on the effects of mobile phone use/mobile phone RF-EMR on sperm quality. </div><div><br /></div><div>Thirty-nine studies were included. Data quality and general information of the studies were evaluated and recorded. Sperm quality data (density, motility, viability, morphology, and DFI) were compiled for further analyses, and we conducted subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses. </div><div><br /></div><div>The pooled results of human cross-sectional studies did not support an association of mobile phone use and a decline in sperm quality. Different study areas contributed to the heterogeneity of the studies. In East Europe and West Asia, mobile phone use was correlated with a decline in sperm density and motility. Mobile phone RF-EMR exposure could decrease the motility and viability of mature human sperm in vitro. </div><div><br /></div><div>The pooled results of animal studies showed that mobile phone RF-EMR exposure could suppress sperm motility and viability. Furthermore, it reduced sperm density in mice, in rats older than 10 weeks, and in rats restrained during exposure. Differences regarding age, modeling method, exposure device, and exposure time contributed to the heterogeneity of animal studies. Previous studies have extensively investigated and demonstrated the adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on sperm. </div><div><br /></div><div>In the future, new standardized criteria should be applied to evaluate potential effects of mobile phone RF-EMR dosages. Further sperm-related parameters at the functional and molecular levels as well as changes in biological characteristics of germ cells should be evaluated. Moreover, the impact of mobile phone RF-EMR on individual organs should also be examined.</div></div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusion</div><div><section id="gmail-sec5"><p id="gmail-p0265">The
results of our meta-analysis indicated that in East Europe and West
Asia, mobile phone use is associated with a decline in human sperm
density and motility. Mobile phone RF-EMR can reduce motility and
viability of mature human sperm <em>in vitro</em>, and it can also
reduce sperm motility and viability in male animals and decrease sperm
density of sexually mature restrained rats. Some important factors that
affect the results of animal experiments are study setup and radiation
device as well as age and exposure time. Our study is an extension of
previous studies and has scientific value for future studies on effects
of mobile phone RF-EMR associated with sperm quality.</p></section>
</div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="auto"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121005340&source=gmail&ust=1617313846687000&usg=AFQjCNE3BJr0lKA3dzPZZsVHINooNBWaZQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121005340" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/<wbr></wbr>science/article/abs/pii/<wbr></wbr>S0269749121005340</a></div><div dir="auto"><br /></div></div></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span class="gmail-contribDegrees">Pooja Negi, </span><span class="gmail-contribDegrees gmail-corresponding">Rajeev Singh.
Association between reproductive health and nonionizing radiation exposure.
<span class="gmail-serial_title">Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. Published online: 20 Jan 2021. </span><span class="gmail-doi_link">DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1874973.</span></span></div><div class="gmail-widget gmail-responsive-layout gmail-none gmail-publicationContentHeader gmail-widget-none gmail-widget-compact-all" id="gmail-63f402e4-3498-4709-8d7d-ee8e69f93467"><div class="gmail-wrapped"><div class="gmail-widget-body gmail-body gmail-body-none gmail-body-compact-all"><div class="gmail-container"><div class="gmail-row gmail-row-md">
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<div class="gmail-hlFld-Abstract gmail-test"><a name="abstract"></a><div class="gmail-sectionInfo gmail-abstractSectionHeading"><div class="gmail-sectionHeading">Abstract</div></div><div class="gmail-abstractSection gmail-abstractInFull"> <p>Recently,
a decreasing rate of fertility has to be credited to an array of
factors such as environmental, health and lifestyle. Male infertility is
likely to be affected by the strong exposure to heat and radiations.
The most common sources of nonionizing radiations are cell phones,
laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens, which may participate to the cause
of male infertility. One of the major sources of daily exposure to
non-ionizing radiation is mobile phones. A mobile phone is now basically
dominating our daily life through better services such as connectivity,
smartphone devices. However, the health consequences are linked with
their usage are frequently ignored. Constant exposure to non-ionizing
radiations produced from a cell phone is one of the possible reasons for
growing male infertility. Recently, several studies have shown that
cell phone users have altered sperm parameters causing declining
reproductive health. Cell phone radiation harms male fertility by
affecting the different parameters like sperm motility, sperm count,
sperm morphology, semen concentration, morphometric abnormalities,
increased oxidative stress along with some hormonal changes. This review
is focusing on the prevailing literature from in vitro and in vivo
studies suggesting that non-ionizing exposure negatively affects human
male infertility.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr9qUGTRaMNg7UDVy2S2dE6BOT1kHKrNWTNz7KPoJj7CI5zJpu1vOHJweaHoBzzf2MtSNO5ebabAA6bRB7yIR5KjqxMFxoJRVAZqouBdynwl3tuHORrGeIDr1LRQ4S9an6mKjmdLB5FMs/s1200/mobile+phone+infertility.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1009" data-original-width="1200" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr9qUGTRaMNg7UDVy2S2dE6BOT1kHKrNWTNz7KPoJj7CI5zJpu1vOHJweaHoBzzf2MtSNO5ebabAA6bRB7yIR5KjqxMFxoJRVAZqouBdynwl3tuHORrGeIDr1LRQ4S9an6mKjmdLB5FMs/w400-h336/mobile+phone+infertility.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br />Negi & Singh, 2021</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><div class="gmail-NLM_sec gmail-NLM_sec_level_1" id="gmail-s0009">Conclusion <p>Generally,
the outcome of the studies has indicated that mobile phone usage
changes different sperm parameters in both ways in-vitro (human) and
in-vivo (animals). Several studies disclose that the exposure to cell
phones produces harmful effects on the testes, which may affect sperm
motility, sperm number, sperm concentration, and morphology and an
increased DNA damage, causing micronuclei formation and reactive oxygen
species within the cell. So many evidences showed that exposure from
cell phones results in elevated oxidative stress with disintegrated DNA
and it is directly and indirectly dependent on the time of cell phone
use. Further researches are required to provide strong evidence that the
use of mobile phones may disturb sperm and testicular activity. Several
evidences suggest that the irregularities reported due to
RF-EMF-exposure depend on physical parameters such as utilized RF
wavelength, penetration range into the object, and transmission length
of the radiation. Unfortunately, existing studies are not able to
suggest a true mechanism between the harmful effects of RF-EMF radiation
and the male reproductive system. To conclude all of the above,
government bodies and agencies should form strong guidelines against
cell phone exposure and take preventive actions such as in the usage of
mobile phones, preventing chatting, reducing the overall contact time,
and holding the gadget away from the groin may be of significant help to
people pursuing fertility. Moreover, very limited studies are available
on protective actions so far so a large-scale analysis is also required
to determine the reproductive parameters.</p> </div>
<p></p> </div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="auto"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15368378.2021.1874973?src%3D%26journalCode%3Diebm20&source=gmail&ust=1611440989701000&usg=AFQjCNGTDfBOn8QpM0tmxVSpB8qU-KIbXQ" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15368378.2021.1874973?src=&journalCode=iebm20" target="_blank">https://www.tandfonline.com/<wbr></wbr>doi/abs/10.1080/15368378.2021.<wbr></wbr>1874973?src=&journalCode=<wbr></wbr>iebm20</a> </div></div></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>--</b></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Chidiebere Emmanuel Okechukwu.
Does the Use of Mobile Phone Affect Male Fertility? A Mini-Review.
J Hum Reprod Sci. Jul-Sep 2020;13(3):174-183. doi: 10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_126_19. </span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><br />Abstract<br /><br />Presently, there is a rise in the use of mobile phones, laptops, and wireless internet technologies such as Wi-Fi and 5G routers/modems across the globe; these devices emit a considerable amount of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) which could interact with the male reproductive system either by thermal or nonthermal mechanisms. The aim of this review was to examine the effects of mobile phone use on male fertility. Related studies that reported on the effects of EMR from mobile phones on male fertility from 2003 to 2020 were evaluated. PubMed database was used. The Medical Subject Heading system was used to extract relevant research studies from PubMed. Based on the outcomes of both human and animal studies analyzed in this review, animal and human spermatozoa exposed to EMR emitted by mobile phones had reduced motility, structural anomalies, and increased oxidative stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Scrotal hyperthermia and increased oxidative stress might be the key mechanisms through which EMR affects male fertility. However, these negative effects appear to be associated with the duration of mobile phone use.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusion<span class="gmail-small-caps"></span><p class="gmail-p gmail-p-first" id="gmail-__p29">Based
on the outcomes of both human and animal studies examined in this
review, animal and human spermatozoa exposed to EMR emitted by mobile
phones had reduced motility, structural anomalies, and increased
oxidative stress due to the production of ROS. Scrotal hyperthermia and
increased oxidative stress might be the key mechanisms by which EMR
affects male fertility. However, these negative effects appear to be
associated with the duration of mobile phone use.</p>
</div><div>Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7727890/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7727890/</a></div></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #505050;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
Jaffar FHF, Osman K, Ismail NH, Chin KY, Ibrahim SF.
Adverse Effects of Wi-Fi Radiation on Male Reproductive System: A Systematic Review.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2019;248(3): 169-179. doi: 10.1620/tjem.248.169. (Note: Smartphones emit Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and various types of cellular radiation.)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4IV6Zonkrebdvp-ABeDyIfABVG5EZYzNM4Bm9G6QwWfpgmN6hzcf_BuCF2tTioFG2mZfwgmHAe85r17io_qjv85f-X6Se5oPRNRyth25PuOe_xt4Tdx5OigVpA_d657C0_COxQk-dNN0/s1600/testes+effects+Jaffar.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="747" data-original-width="801" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4IV6Zonkrebdvp-ABeDyIfABVG5EZYzNM4Bm9G6QwWfpgmN6hzcf_BuCF2tTioFG2mZfwgmHAe85r17io_qjv85f-X6Se5oPRNRyth25PuOe_xt4Tdx5OigVpA_d657C0_COxQk-dNN0/s400/testes+effects+Jaffar.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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Abstract<br />
<br />
Extensive use of Wi-Fi has contributed to
radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) pollution in
environment. Various studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect
of RF-EMR emitted by Wi-Fi transmitter on male reproduction health.
However, there are conflicting findings between studies. Thus, this
review aims to elucidate the possible effects of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure
on both animal and human male reproductive system. A computerized
database search performed through MEDLINE via Ovid and PUBMED with the
following set of keywords: 'Wi-Fi or WiFi or wireless fidelity or Wi-Fi
router or WiFi router or electromagnetic or radiofrequency radiation'
AND 'sperm or spermatozoa or spermatogenesis or semen or seminal plasma
or testes or testis or testosterone or male reproduction' had returned
526 articles. Only 17 studies conformed to pre-set inclusion criterion.
Additional records identified through Google Scholar and reviewed
article further revealed six eligible articles. A total of 23 articles
were used for data extraction, including 15 studies on rats, three
studies on mice, and five studies on human health. Sperm count, motility
and DNA integrity were the most affected parameters when exposed to
RF-EMR emitted by Wi-Fi transmitter. Unfortunately, sperm viability and
morphology were inconclusive. Structural and/or physiological analyses
of the testes showed degenerative changes, reduced testosterone level,
increased apoptotic cells, and DNA damage. These effects were mainly due
to the elevation of testicular temperature and oxidative stress
activity. In conclusion, exposure towards 2.45 GHz RF-EMR emitted by
Wi-Fi transmitter is hazardous on the male reproductive system.<br />
<br />
Open access paper: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/248/3/248_169/_article&source=gmail&ust=1564771332397000&usg=AFQjCNFslRYciWz7GUutooLqMx_ptmgh7Q" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/248/3/248_169/_article" target="_blank">https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/<wbr></wbr>article/tjem/248/3/248_169/_<wbr></wbr>article</a></span></div>
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--<br />
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Kesari KK, Agarwal A, Henkel R.
Radiation and male fertility.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Dec 9;16(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s12958-018-0431-1.</span></div><div style="color: #505050; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: #505050; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
</div>
<div class="gmail-m_770732041656818510gmail-m_3669318197958186684gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
During
recent years, an increasing percentage of male infertility has to be
attributed to an array of environmental, health and lifestyle factors.
Male infertility is likely to be affected by the intense exposure to
heat and extreme exposure to pesticides, radiation, radioactivity and
other hazardous substances. We are surrounded by several types of
ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and both have recognized causative
effects on spermatogenesis. Since it is impossible to cover all types of
radiation sources and their biological effects under a single title,
this review is focusing on radiation deriving from cell phones, laptops,
Wi-Fi and microwave ovens, as these are the most common sources of
non-ionizing radiation, which may contribute to the cause of
infertility by exploring the effect of exposure to radiofrequency
radiation on the male fertility pattern. From currently available
studies it is clear that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF)
have deleterious effects on sperm parameters (like sperm count,
morphology, motility), affects the role of kinases in cellular
metabolism and the endocrine system, and produces genotoxicity, genomic
instability and oxidative stress. This is followed with protective
measures for these radiations and future recommendations. The study
concludes that the RF-EMF may induce oxidative stress with an increased
level of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to infertility. This
has been concluded based on available evidence from in vitro and in
vivo studies suggesting that RF-EMF exposure negatively affects sperm
quality. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="gmail-m_770732041656818510gmail-m_3669318197958186684gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
Open access paper:<a href="https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-018-0431-1" target="_blank"> https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12958-018-0431-1</a><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Ford-Glanton BS, Melendez DA. Male reproductive toxicants:
Electromagnetic radiation and heat. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, 2018.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Human population in today's world lives surrounded by
radiofrequency fields (RF) and electromagnetic radiation (EM) fields,
transmitting almost all forms of electronic communication and data that humans
produce every second. Mobile devices and laptop computers are EMR-emitting
devices. The effect of mobile phone emitted radiation and heat on fertility is
the subject of recent interest and investigations. Many studies have found a
decrease in semen quality which has increased the focus on male reproductive
health. Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples of reproductive age,
and nearly half of these cases are linked to male fertility (Sharlip et al.,
2002). Different harmful environmental influences have led to changes in semen
analysis standards by reducing the lower limits of normal ranges, which were
declared by the World Health Organization (2010). The possible negative impact
of mobile phone radiation on sperm quality has been well established. While no
certain conclusions can be drawn from current evidence, a growing number of
studies indicate a decrease in male fertility associated with increased
cellular phone usage (Agarwal et al., 2011) and laptop computers using Wi-Fi
(Avendaño et al., 2012a). Here we review the current evidence regarding the
effects of electromagnetic radiation and heat in male fertility.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128012383645361" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128012383645361</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Yahyazadeh
A, Deniz OG, Kaplan AA, Altun G, Yurt KK, Davis D. The genomic effects
of cell phone exposure on the reproductive system. Environ Res. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">2018 Nov;167:684-693. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.017.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 11.0045px;"><br /></span>
<br />
</span><div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract<br /><br />Humans
are exposed to increasing levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) at
various frequencies as technology advances. In this context, improving
understanding of the biological effects of EMF remains an important,
high priority issue. Although a number of studies in this issue and
elsewhere have focused on the mechanisms of the oxidative stress caused
by EMF, the precise understanding of the processes involved remains to
be elucidated. Due to unclear results among the studies, the issue of
EMF exposure in the literature should be evaluated at the genomic level
on the reproductive system. Based on this requirement, a detail review
of recently published studies is necessary. The main objectives of this
study are to show differences between negative and positive effect of
EMF on the reproductive system of animal and human. Extensive review of
literature has been made based on well known data bases like Web of
Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus. This
paper reviews the current literature and is intended to contribute to a
better understanding of the genotoxic effects of EMF emitted from mobile
phones and wireless systems on the human reproductive system,
especially on fertility. The current literature reveals that mobile
phones can affect cellular functions via non-thermal effects. Although
the cellular targets of global system for mobile communications
(GSM)-modulated EMF are associated with the cell membrane, the subject
is still controversial. Studies regarding the genotoxic effects of EMF
have generally focused on DNA damage. Possible mechanisms are related to
ROS formation due to oxidative stress. EMF increases ROS production by
enhancing the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)
oxidase in the cell membrane. Further detailed studies are needed to
elucidate DNA damage mechanisms and apoptotic pathways during oogenesis
and spermatogenesis in germ cells exposed to EMF.<br /><br />Conclusion<br /><br />This
paper reviews the current literature and is intended to contribute to a
better understanding of the genotoxic effects of EMF emitted from
mobile phones and wireless systems on the human reproductive system,
especially on fertility. The current literature reveals that mobile
phones can affect cellular functions via non-thermal effects (Diem et
al., 2005; Hanci et al., 2013 ; Odaci et al., 2016a). Although the
cellular targets of GSM-modulated EMF are associated with the cell
membrane, the subject is still controversial (Eberhardt et al., 2008).
Studies regarding the genotoxic effects of EMF have generally focused on
DNA damage (Mortelmans and Rupa, 2004; Young, 2002; Zeiger, 2004;
Panagopoulos, 2012 ; Turedi et al., 2016). Possible mechanisms are
related to ROS formation due to oxidative stress (Moustafa et al., 2004;
Hanukoglu et al., 2006). EMF increases ROS production by enhancing the
activity of NADH oxidase in the cell membrane (Friedman et al., 2007b).
In this context, EMF affected spermatozoa may have a high degree rate of
infertilization. It seems that previous genomic studies do not show
definitive evidence regarding EMF affected cells in the fertilization.
Although we evaluated broadly the genomic effects of cell phone exposure
on the reproductive system using both animal and human studies, one of
the weaknesses of this work is insufficient review of human studies.
This may come from limited number of EMF based human studies in the
literature. Further detailed studies are needed to elucidate DNA damage
mechanisms and apoptotic pathways during oogenesis and spermatogenesis
in germ cells that are exposed to EMF.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29884549" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29884549</a></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span id="gmail-m_-6385048565926556277gmail-docs-internal-guid-065ad563-da16-38e5-c5d4-af7b7209aaee"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Altun G, Deniz OG, Yurt KK, Davis D, Kaplan S. <span class="gmail-il">Effects</span> of mobile <span class="gmail-il">phone</span> <span class="gmail-il">exposure</span> on metabolomics in the male and female <span class="gmail-il">reproductive</span> systems. Environ Res. </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">2018 Nov;167:700-707. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.031.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Highlights</span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">• Long-term exposure to EMF decreases sperm motility and fertilization.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">• Effects of EMF emitted from mobile phones are related to protein synthesis.<br />• Oxidative stress based EMF exposure modulates nitric oxide level in the germ cells.<br />• Oxidative stress based EMF exposure inhibits antioxidant mechanisms in the germ cells.</span><br />
</span><div class="gmail_quote">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span id="gmail-m_-6385048565926556277gmail-docs-internal-guid-065ad563-da16-38e5-c5d4-af7b7209aaee" style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span id="gmail-m_-6385048565926556277gmail-docs-internal-guid-065ad563-da16-38e5-c5d4-af7b7209aaee"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span id="gmail-m_-6385048565926556277gmail-docs-internal-guid-065ad563-da16-38e5-c5d4-af7b7209aaee"><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span id="gmail-m_-6385048565926556277gmail-docs-internal-guid-065ad563-da16-38e5-c5d4-af7b7209aaee"></span><br />With
current advances in technology, a number of epidemiological and
experimental studies have reported a broad range of adverse effects of
electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health. Multiple cellular
mechanisms have been proposed as direct causes or contributors to these
biological effects. EMF-induced alterations in cellular levels can
activate voltage-gated calcium channels and lead to the formation of
free radicals, protein misfolding and DNA damage. Because rapidly
dividing germ cells go through meiosis and mitosis, they are more
sensitive to EMF in contrast to other slower-growing cell types. In this
review, possible mechanistic pathways of the effects of EMF exposure on
fertilization, oogenesis and spermatogenesis are discussed. In
addition, the present review also evaluates metabolomic effects of
GSM-modulated EMFs on the male and female reproductive systems in recent
human and animal studies. In this context, experimental and
epidemiological studies which examine the impact of mobile phone
radiation on the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis are examined
in line with current approaches.<br /><br />Conclusion<br /><br />EMF emitted
by mobile phones has a number of well-documented adverse metabolomic
effects on the male and female reproductive systems and can lead to
infertility by increasing ROS production and reducing GSH and other
antioxidants. The primary target of the EMF emitted by mobile phones may
be the cell membrane (Pall in press, this volume). This then results in
accelerated activity of membrane NADH oxidase and, consequently,
greater rates of ROS formation that cannot be easily conjugated or
detoxified. Although many studies have reported morphological and
functional deteriorations in testis and ovary following EMF exposures,
as well both structural and functional deficits in reproductive health,
the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. To assist in
further clarification of these processes and mechanisms, Table 1
summarizes key studies on the metabolomic effects of EMF on reproductive
systems. Future studies will benefit greatly from standardized exposure
protocols and evaluations of key metabolomic indicators.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29884548" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29884548</span></a></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sepehrimanesh,
M. & Davis, D.L. Proteomic impacts of electromagnetic fields on the
male reproductive system. Comp Clin Pathol. 26(2):309-313. 2017. doi:10.1007/s00580-016-2342-x. </span><br />
<br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">The use of mobile phones and other wireless transmitting devices is
increasing dramatically in developing and developed countries, as is the
rate of infertility. A number of respected infertility clinics in
Australia, India, USA, and Iran are reporting that those who regularly
use mobile phones tend to have reduced sperm quantity and quality. Some
experimental studies have found that human sperm exposed to
electromagnetic fields (EMF), either simulated or from mobile phones,
developed biomarkers of impaired structure and function, as well as
reduced quantity. These encompass pathological, endocrine, and proteomic
changes. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living
organisms, and the proteome is the entire array of proteins—the ultimate
biomolecules in the pathways of DNA transcription to translation.
Proteomics is the art and science of studying all proteins in cells,
using different techniques. This paper reviews proteomic experimental
and clinical evidence that EMF acts as a male-mediated teratogen and
contributor to infertility.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Conclusions</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">As among the most rapidly proliferating human cells, spermatogenesis and
associated activities offer an important endpoint for evaluation. More
than 60 different compounds or industrial processes have been identified
as increasing defects in human sperm or testicular tissue and possibly
increasing the risk to offspring from male-mediated exposures. In this
study, we reviewed structural and functional proteomic changes related to
EMF exposure. Reported changes are categorized based on main affected
tissue and also the most important adverse effects. Overall, these
results demonstrate significant effects of radio frequency-modulated EMF
exposure on the proteome, including both structural and functional
impacts such as a decrease in the diameter and weight of the
seminiferous tubules and the mean height of the germinal epithelium
(Ozguner et al. 2005) and/or pathological and physiological changes in
key biochemical components of the testicular tissues (Luo et al. 2013).
These structural and functional changes may account for the pathological
impact of EMF on the male reproductive system reported in the
experimental work that we and others have conducted. While EMF is
currently being used for a number of therapeutic applications (REF), the
work we have reviewed here clearly indicates a range of harmful
effects, especially on genital systems.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00580-016-2342-x" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00580-016-2342-x</a></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Houston B, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis G, Aitken RJ. The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on sperm function. Reproduction. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">2016 Dec;152(6):R263-R276.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"> </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 11.0045px;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract<br /><br />Mobile phone usage has become an integral part of our lives. However, the effects of the radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) emitted by these devices on biological systems and specifically the reproductive systems are currently under active debate. A fundamental hindrance to the current debate is that there is no clear mechanism of how such non-ionising radiation influences biological systems. Therefore, we explored the documented impacts of RF-EMR on the male reproductive system and considered any common observations that could provide insights on a potential mechanism. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Among a total of 27 studies investigating the effects of RF-EMR on the male reproductive system, negative consequences of exposure were reported in 21. Within these 21 studies, 11 of the 15 that investigated sperm motility reported significant declines, 7 of 7 that measured the production of reactive oxygen species documented elevated levels and 4 of 5 studies that probed for DNA damage highlighted increased damage, due to RF-EMR exposure. Associated with this, RF-EMR treatment reduced antioxidant levels in 6 of 6 studies that studied this phenomenon, while consequences of RF-EMR were successfully ameliorated with the supplementation of antioxidants in all 3 studies that carried out these experiments. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">In light of this, we envisage a two-step mechanism whereby RF-EMR is able to induce mitochondrial dysfunction leading to elevated ROS production. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A continued focus on research which aims to shed light on the biological effects of RF-EMR will allow us to test and assess this proposed mechanism in a variety of cell types.</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27601711" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27601711</span></a><br />
<br />
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">To date, contradictory studies
surrounding the impacts of RF-EMR on biological systems maintain controversy
over this subject. Nevertheless, research into the biological responses
stimulated by RF-EMR is particularly important given our ever-increasing use of
mobile phone technology. While clinical studies are identifying possible
detrimental effects of RF-EMR, it is imperative that mechanistic studies are
conducted that elucidate the manner in which RF-EMR perturbs biological
function, thus supplying a rational cause. A focus on the male reproductive system may experience as consequences of the personal storage of mobile
devices, the unique vulnerability of the highly specialised sperm cell, and the
future health burden that may be created if conception proceeds with defective,
DNA-damaged spermatozoa. While this subject remains a topic of active debate,
this review has considered the growing body of evidence suggesting a possible
role for RF-EMR induced damage of the male germ line. In a majority of studies,
this damage has been characterized by loss of sperm motility and viability as
well as the induction of ROS generation and DNA damage. We have therefore given
consideration to the potential mechanisms through which RF-EMR may elicit these
effects on spermatozoa, which we utilized as a sensitive model system. We
propose a mechanistic model in which RF-EMR exposure leads to defective
mitochondrial function associated with elevated levels of ROS production and
culminates in a state of oxidative stress that would account the varying
phenotypes observed in response to RF-EMR exposure. With further complementary
data, this model will provide new impetus to the field and stimulate research
that will allow us to confidently assess the reproductive hazards of mobile
phone usage.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Adams
JA, Galloway TS, Mondal D, Esteves SC, Mathews F. Effect of mobile telephones
on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">2014 Sep;70:106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.015.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Summary </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mobile
phones are owned by most of the adult population worldwide. Radio-frequency
radiation (RFR) from these devices could affect sperm development and function.
Around 14% of couples in high- and middle-income countries have difficulty
conceiving. Male infertility is involved approximately 40% of the time. Several countries have reported unexplained declines in semen quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Animal research has found that RFR can affect the
cell cycle of sperm, increase sperm cell death and produce histological changes
in the testes. Research on humans has found that prolonged mobile phone
use is associated with decreased motility, sperm concentration, morphology and
viability suggesting a likely impact on fertility.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The authors of this peer-reviewed study conducted a
systematic review of the research and a quantitative analysis to determine
whether exposure to mobile phone radiation affects human sperm quality.
Participants were from fertility clinics and research centers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The study examined the sperm quality outcome measures most
frequently used to assess fertility in clinical settings: motility (the
ability to move properly through the female reproductive tract), viability (the ability to fertilize the egg), and concentration (the number of
sperm in a milliliter of ejaculate).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Ten studies were examined including 1,492 human sperm samples. Exposure to
mobile phones was found to be associated with a significant eight per cent average reduction
in sperm motility and a significant nine per cent average reduction in sperm viability. The effects on sperm concentration were more equivocal. The results
were consistent across experimental laboratory studies and correlational observational
studies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
authors concluded that the overall results suggest that mobile phone exposure
negatively affects sperm quality in humans. The clinical importance of these effects in this study may be limited to subfertile men and to men at
the lower-end of the normal spectrum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Open access paper: </span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://bit.ly/cellphonespermdamage" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/cellphonespermdamage</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></span></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">--</span></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Liu K, Li Y, Zhang G, Liu J, Cao J, Ao L, Zhang S. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Association between mobile phone use and semen quality: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Andrology. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">2014 Jul;2(4):491-501.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Possible hazardous health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations emitted from mobile phone on the reproductive system have raised public concern in recent years. This systemic review and meta-analysis was prepared following standard procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and checklist. Relevant studies published up to May 2013 were identified from five major international and Chinese literature databases: Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, the VIP database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library. Eighteen studies with 3947 men and 186 rats were included in the systemic review, of which 12 studies (four human studies, four in vitro studies and four animal studies) with 1533 men and 97 rats were used in the meta-analyses. Systemic review showed that results of most of the human studies and in vitro laboratory studies indicated mobile phone use or radiofrequency exposure had negative effects on the various semen parameters studied. However, meta-analysis indicated that mobile phone use had no adverse effects on semen parameters in human studies. In the in vitro studies, meta-analysis indicated that radiofrequency radiation had detrimental effect on sperm motility and viability in vitro [pooled mean difference (MDs) (95% CI): -4.11 (-8.08, -0.13), -3.82 (-7.00, -0.65) for sperm motility and viability respectively]. As for animal studies, radiofrequency exposure had harmful effects on sperm concentration and motility [pooled MDs (95% CI): -8.75 (-17.37, -0.12), -17.72 (-32.79, -2.65) for sperm concentration and motility respectively]. Evidence from current studies suggests potential harmful effects of mobile phone use on semen parameters. A further multicentred and standardized study is needed to assess the risk of mobile phone use on the reproductive system.</span><br />
</span><div>
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<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700791" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2470079</a></span></span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700791" target="_blank">1</a></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><span style="font-size: large;">60 Recent Studies </span>(Updated: 12/16/2023)</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abeer M. Hagras, Eman A. Toraih, Manal S. Fawzy. Mobile phones electromagnetic radiation and NAD+-dependent Isocitrate
Dehydrogenase as a mitochondrial marker in Asthenozoospermia. Biochimie Open. Available online July 25, 2016. <a href="http://bit.ly/2b69gh9" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2b69gh9</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Adams JA, Galloway TS, Mondal D, Esteves SC, Mathews F. Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Environment International</i>. <i>70</i>:106-112. September 2014. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/cellphonespermdamage" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/cellphonespermdamage</a><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. Effect of cell phone
usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an
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<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Agarwal
A, Desai NR, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, Sharma R.
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular
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<br /><div>Akbari HA, Gaeini AA.
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Bin-Meferij MM, El-Kott AF. The radioprotective effects of Moringa
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Çetkin M, Kızılkan N, Demirel C, Bozdağ Z, Erkılıç S, Erbağcı H. Quantitative changes in testicular structure and function in rat exposed to mobile phone radiation. Andrologia. </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">2017; 49(10). doi: 10.1111/and.12761. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2jIxlyh" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2jIxlyh</a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-size: 16px;">Chu
KY, Khodamoradi K, Blachman-Braun R, et al. Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by modern cellphones on sperm motility
and viability: An in vitro study. . </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #212121; font-size: 16px;">Eur Urol Focus</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-size: 16px;">. 2022; S2405-4569(22)00247-4. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2022.11.004. </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36379868/&source=gmail&ust=1672518713162000&usg=AOvVaw08X1Q7AY8kgC8P8fBMLLjd" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36379868/" target="_blank"><span class="gmail_default" face="tahoma, sans-serif"></span>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/36379868/</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Er H, Gamze Tas G, Soygur B, Ozen S, Sati L.
Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ford-Glanton BS, Melendez BA. Male Reproductive Toxicants:
Electromagnetic Radiation and Heat. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. 2018. 4:226-228. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.64536-1" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.64536-1</a>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Gautam R, Pardhiya S, Nirala JP, Sarsaiya P, Rajamani P. Effects of 4G
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Gautam R, Singh KV, Nirala J, Murmu NN, Meena R, Rajamani P.
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in Chinese]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2016; 22(6):491-495. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2ywyJig" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2ywyJig</a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Gohari FA, Saranjam B, Asgari M, Omidi L, Ekrami H, Moussavi-Najarkola SA. An experimental study of the effects of combined exposure to microwave and heat on gene expression and sperm parameters in mice. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2017; 10(2):128-134. <a href="http://bit.ly/2EpfWVM" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2EpfWVM</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail_quote">Gupta V, Srivastava R. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Hancı H, Kerimoğlu G, Mercantepe T, Odacı E.
Changes in testicular morphology and oxidative stress biomarkers in
60-day-old Sprague Dawley rats following exposure to continuous 900-MHz
electromagnetic field for 1 h a day throughout adolescence.
Reprod Toxicol. 2018; 81:71-78. </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30009952&source=gmail&ust=1543619286671000&usg=AFQjCNFEyuHuU4EaIUZXauCvdaAGXoXUkg" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30009952" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/30009952</span></a><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Houston B, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis G, Aitken RJ. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on sperm function. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Reproduction.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> 2016. pii: REP-16-0126. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2cJJ2pE" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2cJJ2pE</a><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Khoshbakht S, Motejaded F, Karimi S, Jalilvand N, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A.
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(Note: Authors report conflict of interest and limited statistical power to detect effects.)</span><br />
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The protective effect of melatonin on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields of mobile phone-induced testicular damage in an experimental mouse model.
Andrologia. 2020 Oct 11;e13834. doi: 10.1111/and.13834. </span><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33040351/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33040351/</a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-67108715338786228212024-02-01T11:00:00.000-08:002024-02-01T11:37:21.550-08:00Brain Tumor Rates Are Rising in the US: The Role of Cell Phone & Cordless Phone Use<div>
<div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: left;">Head and neck tumors associated with cell phone use have increased in the U.S. since 2000</b></h3><div><b style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: left;"><br /></b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><div><span class="gmail_default">Since the year 2000, t</span>he U.S. has experienced significant increases in the age-adjusted incidence rates of four <span class="gmail_default">head </span>and neck tumors <span class="gmail_default">associated with cell phone use, </span>including <span class="gmail_default"></span>the most serious <span class="gmail_default">malignant </span>brain <span class="gmail_default">tumor </span>(glioblastoma), a non-malignant tumor on the outer covering of the brain (meningioma) and cancers of the salivary <span class="gmail_default">and thyroid </span>glands.<span class="gmail_default"> Among youth less than 20 years of age, nonmalignant meningioma and thyroid cancer significantly increased.</span></div><div></div><div>
<div><br /></div><div>Whereas
the size of the population in the U.S. increased 16% between 2000 and
2019, the number of cases reported in the
National Cancer Institute's <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/" target="_blank">SEER</a> 22 registry for
these four tumors had a greater increase<span class="gmail_default">: </span><span class="gmail_default">a </span>53% <span class="gmail_default">increase </span>for
glioblastoma, 124% for non-malignant meningioma, <span class="gmail_default"></span>52% for salivary gland cancer<span class="gmail_default">, and </span>
<span class="gmail_default"></span>132% for thyroid
cancer. </div><div><br /></div><div>The increase in <span class="gmail_default">age-adjusted </span>incidence <span class="gmail_default">rates for </span>these
four tumors is likely attributable to the chronic effects of mobile
phone use in addition to other factors including improv<span class="gmail_default">ements in </span>screenin<span class="gmail_default">g.</span>
</div>
</div><div><br /></div><div>The tumor incidence rate data below are from the SEER 22 Registry which covers 48% of the total <span class="gmail_default">U.S. </span>population<span class="gmail_default">. </span>The
data were age-adjusted to the population in the year 2000 so observed
differences over time are not affected by changes in the age composition
of the population.</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b></b></div><div><b>Glioblastoma</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div>G<span class="gmail_default">lioblastoma
is the most common malignant brain and central nervous system tumor
(i.e., cancer) with a median survival rate of only 8 months.<br /></span><div><br /></div><div><span class="gmail_default">In the U.S., a</span>lthough the age-adjusted incidence rate of all brain and nervous system <span class="gmail_default">cancers </span>significantly decreased
by 0.4% per year from 2009 to 2019, <span class="gmail_default">the incidence of </span>glioblastoma<span class="gmail_default"> </span>significantly increased overall by 1.2% per year from 2000 to 2004. </div><div><br /></div><div>Moreover, <span class="gmail_default"></span>from
2000 to 2019, glioblastoma incidence increased significantly in three
age groups--by 2.3% per year for children less than 15 years of age, by
1.3% per year for <span class="gmail_default">young </span>adults 15 to 39 years of age, and by 0.3% per year for adults 65 to 74 years of age.
Among adults 75 and older, glioblastoma significantly increased by 1.3% per year from 2000-2009. <br /></div><div><div class="gmail_default"><div><a href="http://goog_36800761/" target="_blank"><b><br /></b></a></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=661&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_type=1&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion1" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=661&<wbr></wbr>data_type=1&graph_type=2&<wbr></wbr>compareBy=age_range&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_122=122&chk_age_range_<wbr></wbr>160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_<wbr></wbr>type=1&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&<wbr></wbr>advopt_precision=2&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#<wbr></wbr>resultsRegion1</a></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>Nonmalignant Meningioma </b>
</div><div><br /></div><div>
<span lang="en">In the U.S. nonmalignant meningioma </span>is the most common brain tumor. The incidence of this tumor was not reported to the SEER registry prior to 2004.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The overall age-adjusted incidence of nonmalignant meningioma <span class="gmail_default">of the brain and nervous system </span>significantly
increased
70% in the U.S. from 2004 (6.46 per 100,000) to 2019 (11.01 per
100,000). From 2004 to 2008, the increase was 12.3% per year, and from
2008 to 2019, the increase was 2.1% per year.<span class="gmail_default"> <br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div>A<span class="gmail_default">mong youth less than 20 years of age</span>
t<span class="gmail_default">he incidence of nonmalignant meningioma significantly increased by 2.8% per year from 2004 to 2019</span><span class="gmail_default">.</span></div><div><span class="gmail_default"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVD9tR4STNF3s_OIXViPQhcJlrVPBLaUbBdg1gym8tj-OtNk_HdB9sVU5-ExmCXNiPRTUuVPiqoppovWaJB-seyp75XlcVv3DSqnnK7ryf40U0lfK_66q4enGWQZLSDU1uu8JLhJZt56BeIGsSRBRzVFKWKYREM56Jy71u8F_P8tSVYHXmduSCQoSw1RE/s1091/meningioma%20trend%202000-2019.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="850" data-original-width="1091" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVD9tR4STNF3s_OIXViPQhcJlrVPBLaUbBdg1gym8tj-OtNk_HdB9sVU5-ExmCXNiPRTUuVPiqoppovWaJB-seyp75XlcVv3DSqnnK7ryf40U0lfK_66q4enGWQZLSDU1uu8JLhJZt56BeIGsSRBRzVFKWKYREM56Jy71u8F_P8tSVYHXmduSCQoSw1RE/w400-h311/meningioma%20trend%202000-2019.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span class="gmail_default"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=501&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_type=1&sex=1&race=1&hdn_stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion1" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=501&<wbr></wbr>data_type=1&graph_type=2&<wbr></wbr>compareBy=age_range&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_122=122&chk_age_range_<wbr></wbr>160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_<wbr></wbr>type=1&sex=1&race=1&hdn_stage=<wbr></wbr>101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#<wbr></wbr>resultsRegion1</a></div></div></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div></div><div></div><div>
<div><div class="gmail_default"></div></div></div><div><b>Thyroid Cancer</b></div><div><div class="gmail_default"><div><br /></div><div></div><div>
The
age-adjusted incidence rate of thyroid cancer significantly increased overall in the U.S. from 2000 to
2009 by 7.1% per year and from 2009 to 2014 by 2.3% per year.<span class="gmail_default"> </span><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>A<span class="gmail_default">mong youth less than 20 years of age</span> t<span class="gmail_default">hyroid cancer incidence significantly increased by 4.5% per year </span><span class="gmail_default">f</span><span class="gmail_default">rom 2000 to 2019.</span>
</div><div><br /></div><div></div><div></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=80&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=80&data_<wbr></wbr>type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=<wbr></wbr>age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=<wbr></wbr>122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_<wbr></wbr>age_range_166=166&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&<wbr></wbr>race=1&stage=101&advopt_<wbr></wbr>precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&<wbr></wbr>advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=<wbr></wbr>1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_<wbr></wbr>display=2</a></div>
</div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>Salivary Gland Cancer</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div>The age-adjusted incidence rate of salivary gland cancer significantly increased overall in the U.S. <span class="gmail_default"></span>by 0.6% per year<span class="gmail_default"> </span><span class="gmail_default"></span>from 2000 to 2019<span class="gmail_default">.</span><span class="gmail_default"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div></div></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=7&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion1" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=7&data_<wbr></wbr>type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=<wbr></wbr>age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=<wbr></wbr>122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_<wbr></wbr>age_range_166=166&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&<wbr></wbr>race=1&stage=101&advopt_<wbr></wbr>precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&<wbr></wbr>advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=<wbr></wbr>1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_<wbr></wbr>display=2#resultsRegion1</a></div></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Reference: SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics
[Internet]. Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute;
2023 Apr 19. [updated: 2023 Nov 16; cited 2024 Jan 9]. Available from: <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/</a>. Data source(s): SEER Incidence Data, November 2022 Submission (1975-2020), <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/registries/terms.html" target="_blank">SEER 22 registries</a>. </div></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div>July 1, 2021</div><br />
<a href="http://bit.ly/1aDHJmf" style="line-height: 18.48px;" target="_blank">Hardell and Carlberg (2015)</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"> reported that brain tumor rates have been increasing in Sweden based upon the Swedish National Inpatient Registry data. <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185461" target="_blank">Hardell and Carlberg (2017)</a> reported that brain tumors of unknown type increased from 2007-2015, especially in the age group 20-39 years of age. According to the authors, "</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">This may be explained by higher risk for brain tumor in subjects with first use of a wireless phone before the age of 20 years taking a reasonable latency period." </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><b>What about brain tumor rates in the United States?</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">The incidence of<b> glioma, the most common malignant brain tumor, </b>has increased in the United States, although not across-the-board.<b> </b>The National Cancer Institute reported that glioma incidence in the frontal lobe increased among young adults 20-29 years of age (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098028/" target="_blank">Inskip et al., 2010</a>). </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">The incidence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which accounts for about half of all gliomas, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">increased </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">in the frontal and temporal lobes, and in the cerebellum among </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">adults in the U.S. from 1992-2006 </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">(</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22120376" style="line-height: 18.48px;" target="_blank">Zada et al., 2012</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">).</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The </span>Cancer Prevention Institute of California (2016)<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">in their annual report about cancer incidence in the greater San Francisco Bay Area noted that t</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">he incidence of </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="background-color: white;">GBM increased </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">from 1988-2013 </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="background-color: white;">among non-Hispanic white male (0.7% per year) and female adults </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">(1.1% per year) and remained stable among other race/ethnic groups.</span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">Using national tumor registry data, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">a recent study found that the overall incidence of<b> meningioma, the most common non-malignant brain tumor</b>, has increased in the United States in recent years (</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/the-incidence-of-meningioma-non.html" target="_blank">Dolecek et al., 2015)</a>. The </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">age-adjusted incidence rate for meningioma </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">increased from about 6.3 per 100,000 in 2004 to about 7.8 per 100,000 in 2009. Brain tumor </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">incidence increased for all age groups except youth (0-19 years of age).</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><b>Risk of glioma from </b></span><b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">cell phone and cordless phone use</b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Three independent, case-control studies have found that long-term use of cell phones increases risk for glioma (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20483835" target="_blank">Interphone Study Group, 2010</a>; <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834325/" target="_blank">Hardell et al, 2013</a>; <a href="http://bit.ly/1DWgzRi" target="_blank">Coureau et al, 2014</a>). The only research to examine cordless phone use also found increased glioma risk with long-term use (</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834325/" target="_blank">Hardell et al, 2013</a>).<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">These studies include data from 13 nations:</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #605c5c; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and the UK. After ten years of wireless phone use (i.e., cell phone plus cordless phone use), the risk of glioma doubles and after 25 years, the risk triples (</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834325/" target="_blank">Hardell et al, 2013</a>).<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Although the U.S. does not conduct research on wireless phone use and tumor risk in humans and does not participate in the international studies, there is no reason to believe that Americans are immune to these potential effects of wireless phone use.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">In sum, the peer-reviewed research on brain tumor risk and wireless phone use strongly suggests that we should exercise precaution and keep cell phones and cordless phones away from our heads. Moreover, the research calls into question the adequacy of national and international guidelines that limit the amount of microwave radiation emitted by cell phones and cordless phones.</span><br /><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><b>Risk of meningioma from cell phone and cordless phone use</b></span><br />
<br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A study by <a href="http://bit.ly/meningiomaHardell" target="_blank">Carlberg and Hardell (2015)</a> adds to the growing body of evidence that heavy use of wireless phones (i.e., cell phones and cordless phones) is associated with increased risk of meningioma in Sweden. H</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">eavy cordless phone users </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(defined as more than 1,436 hours of lifetime use) </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">had a 1.7-fold greater risk of meningioma (</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3-2.2). </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The heaviest cordless phone users (defined as more than 3,358 hours of lifetime use) had a two-fold greater risk of meningioma </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.4 - 2.8). </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The heaviest cell phone users had a 1.5-fold greater risk of meningioma (</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.99 - 2.1). </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Two earlier case-control studies conducted in other nations have found significant evidence of increased risk for meningioma among heavy cell phone users:</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(1) In France, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24816517" target="_blank">Coureau et al. (2014)</a> found a two and a half-fold greater risk of </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17.9998px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">meningioma for heavy cell phone users (defined as 896 or more hours of lifetime use) (OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.02 to 6.44). </span></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(2) In Australia, Canada, France, Israel and New Zealand, <a href="http://oem.bmj.com/content/68/9/631.full.pdf" target="_blank">Cardis et al. (2011)</a> found a two-fold greater risk of meningioma for heavy cell phone users (defined as 3,124 or more hours of lifetime use) (OR = 2.01; <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17.9998px;">95% CI = 1.03 to 2.93). </span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17.9998px;"><br /></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; line-height: 17.9998px;">The two prior studies did not assess cordless phone use so it's likely they underestimate the meningioma risk from wireless phone use.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Thus, three independent, case-control studies have found that wireless phone use is a risk factor for meningioma.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b>Related Posts:</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/11/new-review-study-tumor-risk.html" target="_blank">New review study finds that heavier cell phone use increases tumor risk</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/03/expert-report-by-former-us-government.html" target="_blank">Expert report by </a><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/03/expert-report-by-former-us-government.html" target="_blank">former U.S. govt. official: High probability RF radiation causes brain tumors</a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/CarlbergHardell2017" target="_blank">Cell phone and cordless phone use causes brain cancer: New review</a></span><br />
<br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/02/long-term-cell-phone-use-increases.html" target="_blank">Long-Term Cell Phone Use Increases Brain Tumor Risk</a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/06/storyline-vs-rest-of-story-brain-cancer.html" target="_blank"></a></div></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Recent Research Studies & Reports</span> </b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><b>(updated August 1, 2021)</b></span><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b>Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, Part 1: National Cancer Statistics</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;">Islami F, Ward EM, Sung H, Cronin KA, Tangka FKL, Sherman RL, Zhao J,
Anderson RN, Henley SJ, Yabroff KR, Jemal A, Benard VB. Annual Report to
the Nation on the Status of Cancer, Part 1: National Cancer Statistics.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021 Jul 8:djab131. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab131. Epub
ahead of print. PMID: 34240195.
<div class="gmail_quote"><b><br /></b></div><div class="gmail_quote"><b>Abstract
</b><div id="m_-5345635717658215240m_5867900903511605336enc-abstract">
<p>
<b>
Background:
</b>
The American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and North American Association of
Central Cancer Registries collaborate to provide annual updates on
cancer incidence and mortality and trends by cancer type, sex, age
group, and racial/ethnic group in the United States. In this report, we
also examine trends in stage-specific survival for melanoma of the skin
(melanoma).
</p>
<p>
<b>
Methods:
</b>
Incidence data for all cancers from 2001 through 2017 and survival
data for melanoma cases diagnosed during 2001-2014 and followed up
through 2016 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention- and National Cancer Institute-funded population-based cancer
registry programs compiled by the North American Association of Central
Cancer Registries. Data on cancer deaths from 2001 through 2018 were
obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics' National Vital
Statistics System. Trends in age-standardized incidence and death rates
and 2-year relative survival were estimated by joinpoint analysis, and
trends in incidence and mortality were expressed as average annual
percent change (AAPC) during the most recent 5 years (2013-2017 for
incidence and 2014-2018 for mortality).
</p>
<p>
<b>
Results:
</b>
Overall cancer incidence rates (per 100,000 population) for all
ages d<b>uring 2013-2017</b> were 487.4 among males and 422.4 among females.
During this period, <b>incidence rates remained stable among males but
slightly increased in females</b> (AAPC = 0.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]
= 0.1% to 0.2%). Overall cancer death rates (per 100,000 population)
during 2014-2018 were 185.5 among males and 133.5 among females. During
this period, overall death rates decreased in both males (AAPC = -2.2%;
95% CI = -2.5% to - 1.9%) and females (AAPC = -1.7%; 95% CI = -2.1% to -
1.4%); death rates decreased for 11 of the 19 most common cancers among
males and for 14 of the 20 most common cancers among females, but
increased for 5 cancers in each sex. During 2014-2018, the declines in
death rates accelerated for lung cancer and melanoma, slowed down for
colorectal and female breast cancers, and leveled off for prostate
cancer. Among children younger than age 15 years and adolescents and
young adults aged 15-39 years, cancer death rates continued to decrease
in contrast to the increasing incidence rates. Two-year relative
survival for distant-stage skin melanoma was stable for those diagnosed
during 2001-2009 but increased by 3.1% (95% CI = 2.8% to 3.5%) per year
for those diagnosed during 2009-2014, with comparable trends among males
and females.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Conclusions:
</b>
Cancer death rates in the United States continue to decline
overall and for many cancer types, with the decline accelerated for lung
cancer and melanoma. For several other major cancers, however, death
rates continue to increase or previous declines in rates have slowed or
ceased. Moreover, <b>overall incidence rates continue to increase among
females, children, and adolescents and young adults</b>. These findings
inform efforts related to prevention, early detection, and treatment and
for broad and equitable implementation of effective interventions,
especially among under-resourced populations.
</p>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><span face="-webkit-standard" id="m_-5345635717658215240m_5867900903511605336m_1993871424176853288gmail-docs-internal-guid-accb0474-7fff-a941-6742-83097db699ea" style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34240195/&source=gmail&ust=1627842410161000&usg=AFQjCNFuiJfApV8ZTdVSBAar8hTDq07tZQ" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34240195/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/34240195/</a> </span></span><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Excerpts</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>"Moreover, overall incidence rates continue to increase among females, children, and adolescents and young adults."<br /></div></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div><b>Overall:</b></div><div><br /></div><div dir="ltr">"<b>During
2013-2017, incidence rates among males increased for 5 of the 18 most
common cancers</b>: melanoma, kidney and renal pelvis (kidney), pancreas,
oral cavity and pharynx, and <b>testis</b>; were <b>stable for 7 cancers:</b>
liver and intrahepatic bile duct (liver), myeloma, prostate, esophagus,
leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and <b>thyroid</b>; and <b>decreased for 6
cancers</b>: lung and bronchus (lung), larynx, urinary bladder (bladder),
stomach, colon and rectum (colorectum); and <b>brain</b> and other nervous systems (ONS) (Figure 3, Table 1)."</div><br />"<b>Among
females, incidence rates increased during 2013-2017 for 8 of the 18
most common cancers</b>: liver, melanoma, kidney, myeloma, corpus and
uterus, not otherwise specified (uterus), pancreas, breast, and oral
cavity and pharynx; were stable for 4 cancers: cervix, leukemia,
stomach, and NHL; and <b>decreased for 6 cancers: thyroid</b>, ovary, lung, colorectum, bladder, and <b>brain</b> and ONS (Figure 3, Table 1). However, liver cancer incidence rates among females stabilized during 2014-2017 (Table 2)."</div><div dir="ltr"><br />Children aged 0-14 years:<br /></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr">"Among
children aged 0-14 years, the incidence rate for all cancers combined
was 16.8 cases per 100,000 standard population, ranging from 12.6 among
AI/AN children to 17.8 among White children (Table 1). <b>Overall cancer incidence rates increased during 2013-2017 </b>(AAPC
= 0.7%; 95% CI = 0.5% to 0.9%). The increase occurred in all
racial/ethnic groups except among AI/AN children, in whom rates were
stable (Table 1). The most common cancer types included <b>leukemia</b> (5.2 cases per 100,000 standard population), <b>brain </b>and ONS (3.8), and <b>lymphoma</b> (1.6), 15 with <b>increasing trends of 0.7%-0.8% per year on average for each of these cancers during 2001-2017</b>
(Table 2). Leukemia rates showed the most variability among
racial/ethnic groups, ranging from 3.2 cases per 100,000 standard
population among Black children to 6.2 among Hispanic children (Table
1). Leukemia incidence rates increased during the most recent 5 years
(2013-2017) among White, Black, AI/AN, and Hispanic children but were
stable among API children."<br /><br /><b>Adolescents and young adults [AYA] aged 15-39 years:</b><div dir="ltr"><div></div><div><br /></div><div>"<b>Overall cancer incidence rates among AYA increased during 2001-2017</b> (APC = 0.9%; 95% CI = 0.8% to 1.0%), <b>as did incidence rates of testicular cancer</b>, whereas rates decreased for lymphoma and melanoma (Table 2). There were <b>variations in trends during 2001-2017 for cancers of the colorectum, female breast, and thyroid</b>.
<b>The annual percent increase in AYA colorectal cancer incidence rates
almost tripled from 1.8% during 2001-2011 to 5.5% during 2011-2017</b>.<b> AYA
female breast cancer incidence rates were stable during 2001-2010 then
increased 1.1% per year during 2010-2017, whereas earlier increasing
trends for AYA thyroid cancer stabilized during 2015-2017.</b>"<br /><span id="m_-5345635717658215240m_5867900903511605336gmail-page194R_mcid4"><span dir="ltr" face="sans-serif" role="presentation" style="font-size: 20px;"></span></span></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Thyroid cancer incidence trend:</b></div><div><br /></div><div>
"Last year’s report found that 5-year incidence trends for thyroid
cancer had stabilized among both males and females after increasing for
several decades. This year, for the first time, 5-year incidence rates
are statistically significantly decreasing 2.0% per year among women of
all racial/ethnic groups. <b>Thyroid cancer incidence rates among AYA,
which had been increasing, have now stabilized. However, incidence rates
of advanced-stage thyroid cancer (81) and larger papillary thyroid
cancers of classical variant (size ≥1 cm) have slightly increased in
recent years (82), likely due to the obesity epidemic. As discussed in
last year’s report, declines in overall thyroid cancer incidence are
likely attributable to changes in diagnostic practices for low risk
tumors (19). A small proportion of the decline during 2015-2017 has been
attributed to diagnostic coding changes for follicular variant of
papillary thyroid carcinoma (82)."</b></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Limitation:</b></div><div><br /></div><div>"...
although temporal trends for some cancer types may vary by
histological or molecular subtype (50, 51, 99), we did not examine these
patterns as they are beyond the scope of this report.</div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b>--</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail-widget gmail-widget-ArticleTopInfo gmail-widget-instance-OUP_ArticleTop_Info_Widget" style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.48px;"><div class="gmail-module-widget gmail-article-top-widget"><div class="gmail-widget-items"><b>CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other
Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in
2013–2017 </b><br /></div><div class="gmail-widget-items"><br />
<div class="gmail-wi-authors gmail-at-ArticleAuthors">
<div class="gmail-ww-citation-primary">
<span class="gmail-al-author-name-more gmail-js-flyout-wrap">
<a class="gmail-linked-name gmail-js-linked-name-trigger">Quinn T Ostrom</a><span class="gmail-delimiter">, </span>
</span>
<span class="gmail-al-author-name-more gmail-js-flyout-wrap">
<a class="gmail-linked-name gmail-js-linked-name-trigger">Nirav Patil</a><span class="gmail-delimiter">, </span>
</span>
<span class="gmail-al-author-name-more gmail-js-flyout-wrap">
<a class="gmail-linked-name gmail-js-linked-name-trigger">Gino Cioffi</a><span class="gmail-delimiter">, </span>
</span>
<span class="gmail-al-author-name-more gmail-js-flyout-wrap">
<a class="gmail-linked-name gmail-js-linked-name-trigger">Kristin Waite</a><span class="gmail-delimiter">, </span>
</span>
<span class="gmail-al-author-name-more gmail-js-flyout-wrap">
<a class="gmail-linked-name gmail-js-linked-name-trigger">Carol Kruchko</a><span class="gmail-delimiter">, </span>
</span>
<span class="gmail-al-author-name-more gmail-js-flyout-wrap">
<a class="gmail-linked-name gmail-js-linked-name-trigger">Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan.</a></span> CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other
Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in
2013–2017. <em>Neuro-Oncology</em>, Volume 22, Issue Supplement_1, October 2020, Pages iv1–iv96, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa200">https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa200</a></div></div><div class="gmail-pub-history-wrap gmail-clearfix gmail-js-history-dropdown-wrap"><div class="gmail-pub-history-row gmail-clearfix">
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A correction has been published:<em> </em></div><div class="gmail-cc-row"><a href="https://academic.oup.com/neuro-oncology/advance-article/doi/10.1093/neuonc/noaa269/6042195"><em>Neuro-Oncology</em>, noaa269, </a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa269">https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa269</a>
</div><div class="gmail-cc-row"><br /></div>
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<div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Abstract</b></span></div>
<section class="gmail-abstract" style="background-color: white;"><p class="gmail-chapter-para">The Central Brain
Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and National Cancer Institute (NCI),
is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary
brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States
(US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the
most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors (malignant
and non-malignant) and supersedes all previous CBTRUS reports in terms
of completeness and accuracy. All rates (incidence and mortality) are
age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per
100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate
(AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors
was 23.79 (Malignant AAAIR=7.08, non-Malignant AAAIR=16.71). This rate
was higher in females compared to males (26.31 versus 21.09), Blacks
compared to Whites (23.88 versus 23.83), and non-Hispanics compared to
Hispanics (24.23 versus 21.48). The most commonly occurring malignant
brain and other CNS tumor was glioblastoma (14.5% of all tumors), and
the most common non-malignant tumor was meningioma (38.3% of all
tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningioma was more
common in females. In children and adolescents (age 0-19 years), the
incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.14. An
estimated 83,830 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and
other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2020 (24,970
malignant and 58,860 non-malignant). There were 81,246 deaths attributed
to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2013 and 2017. This
represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.42. The 5-year relative
survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS
tumor was 36.0% and for a non-malignant brain and other CNS tumor was
91.7%.</p></section><div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Executive Summary</b></span></div>
<p class="gmail-chapter-para" style="background-color: white;">The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United
States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), is the largest
population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other
central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and
represents the entire US population. The <em>CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2013-2017</em>
contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain
tumors available through the surveillance system in the US and
supersedes all previous CBTRUS reports in terms of completeness and
accuracy, thereby providing a current comprehensive source for the
descriptive epidemiology of these tumors. All rates are age-adjusted
using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000
population.</p> <h3 class="gmail-section-title gmail-js-splitscreen-section-title" id="gmail-219733489" style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: small;">Incidence</span></h3>
<ul class="gmail-bullet" style="background-color: white;"><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para"><strong>The average
annual age-adjusted incidence rate of all primary malignant and
non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors for the years 2013-2017 was
23.79 per 100,000.</strong></p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">This
rate was higher in females compared to males (26.31 versus 21.09 per
100,000), slightly higher Blacks compared to Whites (23.88 versus 23.83
per 100,000), and higher in non-Hispanics (of any race) compared to
Hispanics (24.23 versus 21.48 per 100,000).</p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of primary <strong>malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumors was 7.08 per 100,000.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of primary <strong>non-malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumors was 16.71 per 100,000.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">Approximately 29.7% of all primary brain and other CNS tumors were <strong>malignant</strong> and 70.3% were <strong>non-malignant,</strong> which makes <strong>non-malignant</strong> tumors more than twice as common as <strong>malignant</strong> tumors.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">The most commonly occurring primary <strong>malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumor was glioblastoma (14.5% of all tumors and 48.6% of <strong>malignant tumors</strong>), and the most common primary <strong>non-malignant</strong> tumor was meningioma (38.3% of all tumors and 54.5% of <strong>non-malignant</strong> tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningioma was more common in females.</p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">In children and adolescents (age 0-19 years), the incidence rate of primary <strong>malignant</strong> and <strong>non-malignant</strong>
brain and other CNS tumors was 6.14 per 100,000 between 2013 and 2017.
Incidence was higher in females compared to males (6.22 versus 6.07 per
100,000), Whites compared to Blacks (6.36 versus 4.83 per 100,000), and
non-Hispanics compared to Hispanics (6.42 versus 5.26 per 100,000).</p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">An estimated 83,830 new cases of primary <strong>malignant</strong> and <strong>non-malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2020. This includes an expected 24,970 primary <strong>malignant</strong> and 58,860 primary <strong>non-malignant</strong> tumors.</p></li></ul> <div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Mortality</b></span></div>
<ul class="gmail-bullet" style="background-color: white;"><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">There were 81,246 deaths attributed to primary <strong>malignant</strong>
brain and other CNS tumors for the five-year period between 2013 and
2017. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.42 per
100,000, and an average of 16,249 deaths per year caused by primary <strong>malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumors.</p></li></ul> <div style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><b>Survival</b></div>
<ul class="gmail-bullet" style="background-color: white;"><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">Median observed survival in primary <strong>malignant</strong>
brain and other CNS tumors only was lowest for glioblastoma (8 months)
and highest for malignant tumors of the pituitary (139 months, or
approximately 11.5 years).</p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a primary <strong>malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumor was 36.0%. Survival following diagnosis with a primary <strong>malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumor was highest in persons age 0-14 years (<em>75.4</em>%), compared to those ages 15-39 years (<em>72.5</em>%) or 40+ years (<em>21.5</em> %).</p></li><li><p class="gmail-chapter-para">The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a primary <strong>non-malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumor was 91.7%. Survival following diagnosis with a primary <strong>non-malignant</strong> brain and other CNS tumor was highest in persons age 15-39 years (<em>98.2</em>%), compared to those ages 0-14 years (<em>97.3</em>%) or 40+ years (<em>90.2</em>%).</p></li></ul> </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://academic.oup.com/neuro-oncology/article/22/Supplement_1/iv1/5943281" target="_blank">https://academic.oup.com/neuro-oncology/article/22/Supplement_1/iv1/5943281</a></b></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b>--</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial; line-height: 18.48px;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Cancer Statistics, 2020: Brain and other nervous system cancer incidence and death rates</b></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>Death rates for brain & other nervous system cancers increased over past decade.</i></b></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A.
Cancer statistics, 2020. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. doi: 10.3322/caac.21590. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21590" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">https://acsjournals.<wbr></wbr>onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/<wbr></wbr>full/10.3322/caac.21590</a></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Brain & ONS cancer incidence</b></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_attr">
</div>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The American Cancer Society estimates there will be 23,890 new cases of brain & other nervous system (ONS) cancers this year in the U.S., and 18,020 people will die from these cancers (see Table 1).</span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Leukemia is the most common cancer in childhood (birth to 19 years of age), accounting for 28% of cases, followed by brain & ONS tumors (26%), greater than one-quarter of which are benign or borderline malignant (see Table 12).</span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">In adolescents 15 to 19 years of age, brain & ONS cancers are most the common tumor (21%), greater than one-half of which are benign or borderline malignant, followed closely by lymphoma (20%). (p. 18)</span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Brain & ONS cancer deaths</b></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr">
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Death rates increased over the past decade for brain & ONS cancers. (p. 13)</span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Brain & ONS cancers are the leading cause of cancer death among men aged younger than 40 years and women aged younger than 20 years. These cancers are the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women aged 20 to 39 years and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men aged 40 to 59 years (see Table 8). </span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Excerpts</b></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">"Brain and other CNS tumors (both malignant and non-malignant) were the
most common cancer site in persons age 0-14 years, with an AAAIR of 5.83
per 100,000 population. Brain and other CNS tumors were the most common
cancer in both males and females in this age group."<br /></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"</span><span style="text-align: center;">Brain and other CNS tumors (both malignant and non-malignant) among
those age 15-39 years had an AAAIR of 11.54 per 100,000 population.
These tumors were the 3</span><sup style="text-align: center;">rd</sup><span style="text-align: center;"> most common cancer overall, the 2</span><sup style="text-align: center;">nd</sup><span style="text-align: center;"> most common cancer in males in this age group, and the 3</span><sup style="text-align: center;">rd</sup><span style="text-align: center;"> most common cancer in females in this age group."</span></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="text-align: center;">"</span><span style="text-align: center;">The incidence rates for all primary brain and other CNS tumors,
2013-2017, did not differ substantially by year (both overall and by
behavior)."</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">"For malignant tumors, frontal (24.3%), temporal (17.5%), parietal (10.4%), and occipital (2.6%) accounted for 54.8% of tumors (Fig. 7).</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The most common of all malignant CNS tumors was glioblastoma (48.6%).</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">For non-malignant tumors, 53.9% of all tumors occurred in the meninges (Fig. 9C).<br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The most common histology among non-malignant tumors was meningioma (53.9%).</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The
most common non-malignant nerve sheath tumor (based on multiple sites
in the brain and other CNS) was schwannoma (defined by histology code
9560). These tumors can occur in many sites (</span><span class="link link-data-supplement" data-supplement-target="sup1" style="font-family: arial;"></span><span class="content-section supplementary-material" style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/neuro-oncology/22/Supplement_1/10.1093_neuonc_noaa200/3/noaa200_suppl_supplementary_materials.docx?Expires=1629398886&Signature=3kEojTlZaVlP4JYVdfeQ10zS5a9gKaXXSEuhcDppDzGKYgECvJ9TBkEGtkIgnAXjAnFMKvVYEvby1Sphtn5aHnzgTQjTow7tvLHk8bTF2trWh148d3LT6KANjwQec7d4qz9sUgS-T4j0RxYklJA0349GCq0o30QA1SvvJc-gCgEAg88nZvDmviqrQK5LhL6kMx58pcRA2BRqCo-HAE74YipLIzXG1LjQorPM1nINeEyLLiRtevpaVzlm7eF1htSuIiyukJ4hF6nVaV3xVZBOKoi3UJOF~3vEPhkO04yOscyWaxseF19HamZI009RwdStOszG9yEKVWSs8rJni8gQCQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" path-from-xml="sup1">Supplementary Figure 6</a></span><span style="font-family: arial;">),
but most commonly occur on the acoustic nerve, where they are called
vestibular schwannoma (also formerly called acoustic neuromas) (74.7% of
all nerve sheath tumors)."</span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"</span><span style="text-align: center;">Glioblastoma accounted for the majority of gliomas (57.7%)."</span></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">"From birth, a person in the US has a 0.62%
chance of ever being diagnosed with a primary malignant brain and other
CNS tumor (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and
pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) and a 0.48%
chance of dying from a primary </span><strong style="font-family: arial;">malignant</strong><span style="font-family: arial;"> brain/other CNS tumor.</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">"</span></div><div class="gmail_attr" style="text-align: left;"><p class="chapter-para"><b style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;">--</b></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Brain Cancer Increased in the U.S.
from 2001-2014 among Youth 0-19 Years of Age</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Overview.</b> According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, overall
cancer incidence increased among individuals less than 20 years of age in the U.S. from
2001–2014. The incidence of brain cancer, thyroid cancer and lymphoma increased during this
period. </span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Central nervous system
neoplasms which primarily consist of brain cancers increased 0.4 per cent per
year on average across these years. Thyroid cancer increased 4.8% per year on
average. In 2014, leukemia was the only
cancer more common than brain cancer in young people.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Siegel D, Li J, Henley SJ, Wilson R, Lunsford RB,
Tai E, Van Dyne E. Incidence Rates and Trends of Pediatric Cancer United States
2001–2014. Poster presentation at the American Society of Pediatric
Hematology/Oncology Conference, Pittsburgh, PA. May 2-5, 2018.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States </span></i><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Background:
</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Cancer
is one of the leading disease-related causes of death among individuals aged
<20 years in the United States. Recent evaluations of national trends of
pediatric cancer used data from before 2010, or covered ≤28% of the US
population. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Objectives:
</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">This
study describes pediatric cancer incidence rates and trends by using the most
recent and comprehensive cancer registry data available in the US. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Design/Method:
</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Data
from US Cancer Statistics were used to evaluate cancer incidence rates and
trends among individuals aged <20 years during 2001–2014. Data were from 48
states and covered 98% of the US population. We assessed trends by calculating
average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates using joinpoint regression. Rates
and trends were stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, US Census region,
county-based economic status, and county-based rural/urban classification, and
cancer type, as grouped by the International Classification of Childhood Cancer
(ICCC). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Results:
</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">We
identified 196,200 cases of pediatric cancer during 2001–2014. The overall
cancer incidence rate was 173.0 per 1 million; <b>incidence rates were highest for leukemia (45.6), brain tumors (30.8),
and lymphoma (26.0)</b>. Rates were highest among males, aged 0–4 years,
non-Hispanic whites, the Northeast US Census region, the top 25% of counties by
economic status, and metropolitan counties. The overall pediatric cancer
incidence rate increased (AAPC=0.7, 95% CI, 0.5–0.8) during 2001–2014 and
contained no joinpoints. Rates increased in each stratum of sex, age,
race/ethnicity (except non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native), region,
economic status, and rural/urban classification. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Rates</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"> were stable for most
individual cancer types, but <b>increased
for non-Hodgkin lymphomas </b>except Burkitt lymphoma (ICCC group II(b),
AAPC=1.2, 95% CI, 0.4–2.0), <b>central
nervous system neoplasms (group III, AAPC=0.4, 95% </b></span><b><span color="windowtext" face=""arial" , sans-serif">CI, 0.1–0.8)</span></b><span color="windowtext" face=""arial" , sans-serif">,
renal tumors (group VI, AAPC=0.6, 95% CI, 0.1–1.1), hepatic tumors (group VII,
AAPC=2.5, 95% CI, 1.0–4.0), <b>and thyroid
carcinomas (group XI(b), AAPC=4.8, 95% CI, 4.2–5.5)</b>. Rates of malignant
melanoma decreased (group XI (d), AAPC=-2.6, 95% CI, -4.7– -0.4). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span color="windowtext" face=""arial" , sans-serif">Conclusion: </span></b><span color="windowtext" face=""arial" , sans-serif">This study documents
increased rates of pediatric cancer during 2001–2014, in each of the
demographic variables examined. Increased overall rates of hepatic cancer and
decreased rates of melanoma are novel findings using data since 2010. Next
steps in addressing changing rates could include investigation of diagnostic
and reporting standards, host biologic factors, environmental exposures, or
potential interventions for reducing cancer risk. Increasing pediatric cancer
incidence rates may necessitate changes related to treatment and survivorship
care capacity.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://aspho.org/uploads/meetings/2018annualmeeting/Abstracts_for_Website.pdf" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">http://aspho.org/uploads/meetings/2018annualmeeting/Abstracts_for_Website.pdf</span></a><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Incidence
Rates and Trends of Pediatric Cancer — United States, 2001–2014</span></b></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Childhood
cancer varies geographically. This research may help states assess their
needs in order to make sure that cancer patients have access to high
quality cancer treatment and long-term care to monitor for side effects of
their treatment after they have completed therapy.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Overall,
we found a slight increase in pediatric cancer from 2001 to 2014. Cancer was increasing for lymphoma,
thyroid, brain, kidney, and liver cancer and was decreasing for
melanoma. This study could help researchers more effectively study why
pediatric cancer is increasing or decreasing and why certain groups of
children and adolescents are more affected.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/eis/conference/dpk/Incidence-Rates-Pediatric-Cancer.html" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/eis/conference/dpk/Incidence-Rates-Pediatric-Cancer.html</a></span></div>
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--</span></div>
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<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Comparative Study of Brain & Central Nervous System Tumor Incidence between the U.S. and Taiwan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Chien LN, Gittleman H, Ostrom QT, Hung KS, Sloan AE, Hsieh YC,
Kruchko C, Rogers LR, Wang YF, Chiou HY, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Comparative
Brain and Central Nervous System Tumor Incidence and
Survival between the United States and Taiwan Based on Population-Based
Registry. Front Public Health. 2016 Jul 21;4:151.</span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br />Abstract</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">PURPOSE:
Reasons for worldwide variability in the burden of primary malignant
brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain unclear. This study
compares the incidence and survival of malignant brain and CNS tumors
by selected histologic types between the United States (US) and Taiwan.<br /><br />METHODS:
Data from 2002 to 2010 were selected from two population-based cancer
registries for primary malignant brain and CNS tumors: theCentral Brain
Tumor Registry of the United States and the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Two
registries had similar process of collecting patients with malignant
brain tumor, and the quality of two registries was comparative. The
age-adjusted incidence rate (IR), IR ratio, and survival by histological
types, age, and gender were used to study regional differences.<br /><br />RESULTS:
The overall age-adjusted IRs were 5.91 per 100,000 in the US and 2.68
per 100,000 in Taiwan. The most common histologic type for both
countries was glioblastoma (GBM) with a 12.9% higher proportion in the
US than in Taiwan. GBM had the lowest survival rate of any histology in
both countries (US 1-year survival rate = 37.5%; Taiwan 1-year survival
rate = 50.3%). The second largest group was astrocytoma, excluding GBM
and anaplastic astrocytoma, with the distribution being slightly higher
in Taiwan than in the US.<br /><br />CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed
differences by histological type and grade of primary malignant brain
and CNS tumors between two sites.<br /><br />Open access paper: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4954825/&source=gmail&ust=1471029972369000&usg=AFQjCNEs3FTfEfi3dH9ecNPDJFbwuyI6dw" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4954825/" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pmc/articles/PMC4954825/</a></span><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<b>Excerpts</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Between 2002 and 2010, there were 183,740 newly diagnosed cases of malignant brain and CNS tumors in the US and 5,855 in Taiwan.<br /><br />The
most common histologic group for both countries was GBM; 47.8% of all
tumors in the US and 34.9% of all tumors in Taiwan (Figure 3).<br /><br />The
IR of GBM was 2.9 times in the US (2.48 per 100,000) as compared with
Taiwan (0.85 per 100,000). The second highest histologic group was
astrocytoma (excluding GBM and AA) in both the US (0.95 per 100,000) and
Taiwan (0.44 per 100,000).<br /><br />In
the US, the IRs by primary site were highest for tumors located in the
frontal lobe (1.34 per 100,000), followed by tumors located in all other sites within the brain, temporal lobe, parietal
lobe, and the other parts of brain and CNS. In Taiwan, the IRs were highest for tumors located in all other parts of the brain (0.70 per 100,000), followed by tumors located in the frontal
lobe, temporal lobe, and cerebrum.<br /><br />In this study, the lower
age-adjusted IRs of malignant brain and CNS tumors in Taiwan was less
likely due to differences in imaging diagnostic techniques as the
standards for imaging for brain and CNS tumors was the same in both
countries.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><b>Adolescent and Young Adult Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2008-2012</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, de Blank PM, Finlay JL, Gurney JG, McKean-Cowdin R, Stearns DS, Wolff JE, Liu M, Wolinsky Y, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. American Brain Tumor Association Adolescent and Young Adult Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2008-2012. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Jan;18 Suppl 1:i1-i50. </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4690545/" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4690545/</span></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The incidence of the most common non-malignant tumors (e.g., meningioma, pituitary) has increased in recent years among adolescents and young adults (AYA) in the U.S; however, some of this increase may be due to better reporting over time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">“Collection of data on non-malignant brain and CNS tumors began in 2004, after the passage of the Benign Brain Tumor Act in 2002. Previous analyses have suggested that increased incidence in the time period between 2004 and 2006 may be the result of the initiation of this collection rather than a ‘true’ increase in incidence.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">"</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Incidence of oligodendroglioma (APC = 22.9) and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (APC = 24.1) in AYA has significantly decreased from 2004-2012. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Incidence of tumors of the meninges in AYA has significantly increased from 2004-2012 (APC = 2.5), which is largely driven by the increase of meningioma incidence during that time (APC = 2.6). </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Incidence of lymphomas and hematopoietic neoplasms has significantly decreased from 2004-2012 (APC = 22.8) in AYA. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Incidence of tumors of the sellar region in AYA has significantly increased from 2004-2008 (APC = 8.5), which is largely driven by the increase of tumors of the pituitary incidence from 2004-2009 (APC = 7.6).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Incidence of unclassified tumors in AYA has significantly increased from 2004-2012 (APC = 5.5), which is largely driven by the increase of hemangioma incidence from 2004-2010 (APC = 18.8)."</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Malignant Brain Tumors Most Common Cause of Cancer Deaths in Adolescents & Young Adults</b></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Press Release, American Brain Tumor Association, Feb 24, 2016</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A new report published in the journal </span><i>Neuro-Oncology</i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
and funded by the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA) finds that
malignant brain tumors are the most common cause of cancer-related
deaths in adolescents and young adults aged 15-39 and the most common
cancer occurring among 15-19 year olds.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The 50-page report, which utilized data from the Central Brain Tumor
Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) from 2008-2012, is the first
in-depth statistical analysis of brain and central nervous system (CNS)
tumors in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Statistics are provided on
tumor type, tumor location and age group (15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34
and 35-39) for both malignant and non-malignant brain and CNS tumors. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"When analyzing data in 5-year age increments, researchers
discovered that the adolescent and young adult population is not one
group but rather several distinct groups that are impacted by very
different tumor types as they move into adulthood," said Elizabeth
Wilson, president and CEO of the American Brain Tumor Association.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"For these individuals -- who are finishing school, pursuing their
careers and starting and raising young families -- a brain tumor
diagnosis is especially cruel and disruptive," added Wilson. "This
report enables us for the first time to zero-in on the types of tumors
occurring at key intervals over a 25-year time span to help guide
critical research investments and strategies for living with a brain
tumor that reflect the patient's unique needs."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Although brain and CNS tumors are the most common type of cancer
among people aged 15-19, the report shows how other cancers become more
common with age. By ages 34-39 years, brain and CNS tumors are the third
most common cancer after breast and thyroid cancer.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"What's interesting is the wide variability in the types of brain
tumors diagnosed within this age group which paints a much different
picture than what we see in adults or in pediatric patients," explained
the study's senior author Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Ph.D., associate
professor, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve
University School of Medicine and Scientific Principal Investigator for
CBTRUS.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"For example, the most common tumor types observed in adults are
meningiomas and glioblastomas, but there is much more diversity in the
common tumor types observed in the adolescent and young adult
population. You also clearly see a transition from predominantly
non-malignant and low-grade tumors to predominantly high-grade tumors
with increasing age," Barnholtz-Sloan said. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">There are nearly 700,000 people in the U.S. living with brain and
CNS tumors and approximately 15 percent of these tumors occurred in the
AYA population during the 2008-2012 time frame analyzed in this report.
Approximately 10,617 brain and CNS tumors are diagnosed among
adolescents and young adults each year and are the cause of
approximately 434 deaths annually. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"The American Brain Tumor Association's recognition of this
understudied population, and their commitment to data and information
sharing should be applauded," added Barnholtz-Sloan. "There are clearly
unique characteristics of the 15-39 age group that we need to more
comprehensively understand and the information in the ABTA report starts
that important dialogue."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The full report is available at <a href="http://www.abta.org/about-us/news/brain-tumor-statistics/" target="_blank">http://www.abta.org/about-us/<wbr></wbr>news/brain-tumor-statistics/</a>. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">To learn more or access additional statistics, go to <a href="http://www.abta.org/" target="_blank">http://www.abta.org</a>.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/1OvDHYy" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1OvDHYy</a></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Brain Tumor Statistics</span></b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Brain tumors are the:</span></b><br />
</span><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">most common cancer among those age 0-19 (leukemia is the second).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children (males and females) under age 20 (leukemia is the first).</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Nearly 78,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are expected to be
diagnosed this year. This figure includes nearly 25,000 primary
malignant and 53,000 non-malignant brain tumors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">It is estimated that more than 4,600 children between the ages of 0-19 will be diagnosed with a primary brain tumor this year.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">There are nearly 700,000 people in the U.S. living with a primary brain and central nervous system tumor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">This year, nearly 17,000 people will lose their battle with a primary malignant and central nervous system brain tumor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">There are more than 100 histologically distinct types of primary brain and central nervous system tumors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Survival after diagnosis with a primary brain tumor varies <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 107%;">significantly </span>by age, histology, molecular markers and tumor behavior.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">The median age at diagnosis for all primary brain tumors is 59 years.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tumor-Specific Statistics:</span></b><br />
</span><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Meningiomas represent 36.4% of all primary brain tumors, making them the most common primary brain tumor. There will be an estimated 24,880 new cases in 2016.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Gliomas, a broad term which includes all tumors arising from the
gluey or supportive tissue of the brain, represent 27% of all brain
tumors and 80% of all malignant tumors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Glioblastomas represent 15.1% of all primary brain tumors, and 55.1% of all gliomas.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Glioblastoma has the highest number of cases of all malignant tumors, with an estimated 12,120 new cases predicted in 2016.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Astrocytomas, including glioblastoma, represent approximately 75% of all gliomas.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Nerve sheath tumors (such as acoustic neuromas) represent about 8% of all primary brain tumors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Pituitary tumors represent 15.5% of all primary brain tumors. There
will be an estimated 11,700 new cases of pituitary tumors in 2016.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lymphomas represent 2% of all primary brain tumors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Oligodendrogliomas represent nearly 2% of all primary brain tumors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Medulloblastomas/embryonal/<wbr></wbr>primitive tumors represent 1% of all primary brain tumors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">The majority of primary tumors (36.4%) are located within the meninges.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.abta.org/about-us/news/brain-tumor-statistics/" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">http://www.abta.org/about-us/<wbr></wbr>news/brain-tumor-statistics/</span></a><br />
<span style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span></b><br />
<b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><br /></span></b></span></b>
<b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;">Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States: 2</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">018 Fact Sheet</span></b></span></b><br />
<span style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">One in 161 Americans (0.62%) will be diagnosed with brain or other
central nervous system (CNS) cancer (i.e., malignant tumors) during their lifetime according to
the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<b>Excerpts</b><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The
incidence rate of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and CNS
tumors is 23.03 cases per 100,000 for a total count of 392,982 incident
tumors; (7.12 per 100,000 for malignant tumors for a total count of
121,277 incident tumors and 15.91 per 100,000 for non-malignant tumors
for a total count of 271,105 incident tumors). The rate is higher in
females (25.31 per 100,000 for a total count of 227,834 incident tumors)
than in males (20.59 per 100,000 for a total count of 164,148 incident
tumors).<br /><br />An estimated 86,970 new cases of primary malignant and
non-malignant brain and CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the
United States in 2019. This includes an estimated 26,170 primary
malignant and 60,800 non-malignant tumors expected to be diagnosed in
the US in 2019.<br /><br /><b>Pediatric Incidence (Ages 0-14 Years)</b><br />The
incidence rate of childhood primary malignant and non-malignant brain
and CNS tumors in the US is 5.65 cases per 100,000 for a total 5-year count of
17,273 incident tumors. The rate is higher in males (5.84 per 100,000)
than females (5.45 per 100,000).<br /><br />An estimated 3,720 new cases of
childhood primary malignant and non-malignant brain and CNS tumors are
expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2019.<b><br /></b><b></b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Adolescent & Young Adult (AYA) Incidence (Ages 15-39 Years)</span></b></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The
incidence rate of AYA primary malignant and non-malignant brain and CNS
tumors is 11.2 cases per 100,000 for a total 5-year count of 57,821 incident
tumors.1 The rate is higher for non-malignant tumors (7.94 per 100,000)
than malignant tumors (3.26 per 100,000).<br /><br />An estimated 12,290
new cases of AYA primary malignant and non-malignant brain and CNS
tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2019.<b><br /></b><b></b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Mortality</b><br />The
average annual mortality rate in the US between 2011 and 2015 was 4.37 per 100,000 with 77,375 deaths attributed to primary malignant brain and
CNS tumors.<br /><br />An estimated 16,830 deaths will be attributed to primary malignant brain and CNS tumors in the US in 2019.<br /><b></b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Lifetime Risk</b><br />From
birth, a person in the US has a 0.62% chance of ever being diagnosed
with a primary malignant brain/CNS tumor (excluding lymphomas,
leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors
of the nasal cavity) and a 0.47% chance of dying from the primary
malignant brain/CNS tumor.<br /><br />For males in the US, the risk of
developing a primary malignant brain/CNS tumor is 0.70%, and the risk of
dying from a primary malignant brain/CNS tumor (excluding lymphomas,
leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors
of the nasal cavity) is 0.53%.<br /><br />For females in the US, the risk
of developing a primary malignant brain/CNS tumor is 0.54%, and the risk
of dying from a primary malignant brain/CNS tumor (excluding lymphomas,
leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors
of the nasal cavity) is 0.41%.<b><br /></b><b></b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Prevalence</b><br />The
prevalence rate for all malignant primary brain and CNS tumors was estimated to be 47.60 per 100,000. It was estimated that more than 103,634 persons were living with a diagnosis of malignant primary brain and central
nervous system tumor in the United States in 2010.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The prevalence rate for all pediatric (ages 0-19) malignant primary brain and central nervous system tumors was estimated at 22.31 per 100,000 with more than 13,657 children estimated to be living with
this diagnosis in the United States in 2004.<br /><br /><b>Note</b><br />Estimated
numbers of incidence of malignant and non-malignant brain and CNS
tumors and deaths due to these tumors were calculated for 2015 and 2016
using age-adjusted annual tumor incidence rates generated for 2000-2012
for non-malignant tumors by state, age, and histologic type.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="http://www.cbtrus.org/www.cbtrus.org/factsheet/factsheet.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">http://www.cbtrus.org/www.cbtrus.org/factsheet/factsheet.html</span></a></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span></b><br />
<b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></b></span></b>
<b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Brain Tumors in Children and Adolescents</span></b></span></b></span></b><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="line-height: 18.48px;">According to a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298242/" target="_blank">recent study</a>, </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">there has been a significant increase in the incidence of primary malignant brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors in American children (0-14 years of age) between
2000-2010, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 0.6%. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In
adolescents (15-19 years old), there was a significant increase in the incidence of primary malignant brain and CNS tumors between 2000-2008,
with an APC of 1.0%. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Adolescents also experienced an increase in non-malignant brain and CNS tumors from 2004-2010, with an APC of 3.9%.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The four-nation </span><span class="il" face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21795665" target="_blank">CEFALO</a></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/55443/" target="_blank"> case-control study</a> found a 36% increased risk of brain tumors among children and adolescents 7-19 years of age who used mobile phones at least once a week for six months. Since this risk estimate was not statistically significant (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 0.92 to 2.02), the
authors dismissed this overall finding. However, in a subsample of 556 youth for whom cell phone company records were available, there </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">was a significant
association between the time since first mobile phone subscription and brain tumor
risk. Children who used cellphones for 2.8 or more years were twice as likely to have a brain tumor than those who never regularly
used cellphones (</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.29). </span><br />
<br />
--<br />
<b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="line-height: 18.48px;"><br /></b></span></b>
<b style="color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="line-height: 18.48px;">Trends in Incidence of Non-Malignant Head and Neck Tumors in the U.S.</b></span></b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The likelihood of developing a non-malignant
brain tumor has increased in recent years in the U.S. According to newly-released
data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the overall age-adjusted
incidence (per 100,000 persons) of non-malignant brain tumors significantly
increased from 2004 through 2012. The increase was observed among children 0-19
years of age (1.7 in 2004; 2.3 in 2012) and among adults 20 years and older (15.9
in 2004; 19.7 in 2012).</span><br />
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Almost 200 people per day in
the U.S. were diagnosed with brain tumors in 2012 including 67,612 adults and 4,615
children. Among adults, 70% of these tumors were nonmalignant, and among
children, 42% were nonmalignant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The overall incidence of malignant
tumors in the U.S. has been stable for children (3.4 in 2004; 3.3 in 2012) and has slightly decreased for adults (9.1 in 2004; 8.4 in 2012). However, lags in
reporting to tumor registries are common in the U.S. so official statistics may
underestimate the actual incidence of tumors for more recent years (see August 5, 2015 post below). </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A peer-reviewed study reported a significant Increase over time in the incidence of <i>specific types</i> of malignant brain tumors among adults in the U.S. (see May 7, 2015 post below).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The age-adjusted incidence of the most
common non-malignant tumor, <b>meningioma</b>, significantly increased among adults from
2004 through 2012 (8.7 in 2004; 10.6 in 2012). </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A recent study reported a significant
increase in meningioma incidence for the period 2004 through 2009 (<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/the-incidence-of-meningioma-non.html" target="_blank">Dolecek et al.</a>, 2015). Several case-control studies have found a significant association
between risk of meningioma and wireless phone use (see May 7, 2015 post below).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The age-adjusted incidence of <b>pituitary
gland tumors</b> significantly increased among children (0.4 in 2004; 0.6 in 2012) and
among adults (3.4 in 2004; 4.7 in 2012). </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A prospective study of 790,000 women
in the United Kingdom reported that the risk pituitary gland tumors was
more than twice as high among women who used a cell phone for less than five
years as compared to never users (<a href="http://www.prlog.org/12135511-cell-phone-use-acoustic-neuroma-and-cancer-of-the-pituitary-gland.html" target="_blank">Benson et al., 2013</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The web-based report,<b> <i>United
States Cancer Statistics: 1999-2012 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report</i>
</b>(USCS) is available at <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/uscs" target="_blank">www.cdc.gov/uscs</a>.
Although the report includes cancer cases diagnosed (incidence) from 1999 through 2012, brain tumor incidence data are
available only since 2004. In 2012, cancer incidence information
came from central cancer registries in 49 states, 6 metropolitan areas, and the
District of Columbia, covering 99% of the U.S. population. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The Interactive Cancer Atlas (InCA),
with exportable data, shows how rates differ by state and change over time.
InCA is available at <a href="https://nccd.cdc.gov/DCPC_INCA/" target="_blank">https://nccd.cdc.gov/DCPC_INCA/</a>.
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--<br />
<br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Limitations of Cancer Registries</b><br />
<br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Cancer registries are developed to collect data on malignant tumors and often do not collect data on non-malignant (sometimes called benign) tumors. Since about half of primary brain tumors are non-malignant, these tumors may not be monitored by public health surveillance systems (e.g., Canada).</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The U.S has a <a href="http://www.cbtrus.org/" target="_blank">Central Brain Tumor Registry</a> (CBTRUS): "a resource for gathering and disseminating current epidemiologic data on all primary brain tumors,<b> benign and malignant</b>, for the purposes of accurately describing their incidence and survival patterns, evaluating diagnosis and treatment, facilitating etiologic studies, establishing awareness of the disease, and ultimately, for the prevention of all brain tumors." </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">However, "CBTRUS makes no representations or warranties, and gives no other assurances or guarantees, express or implied, with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the data presented." </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">There is a good reason for the disclaimer on the CBTRUS home page. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tumor registries are useful in monitoring disease incidence only to the extent that all procedures are well implemented. Registries are highly dependent upon reporting agencies (e.g., hospitals) to do an accurate and complete job in reporting tumors to the registry.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Registry data typically suffer from various problems: </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Users must be aware of diverse issues that influence collection and interpretation of cancer registry data, such as multiple cancer diagnoses, duplicate reports, reporting delays, misclassification of race/ethnicity, and pitfalls in estimations of cancer incidence rates." (Izqierdo, JN, Schoenbach, VJ. The potential and limitations of data from population-based state cancer registries. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:695-698. URL: </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446235/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446235/</a></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">)</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Delays in reporting and late ascertainment are a reality and a known issue influencing registry completeness and, consequently,
rate underestimations occur, especially for the most recent years.<sup><a class="xref-bibr" href="http://neuro-oncology.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/suppl_4/iv1.long#ref-22" id="xref-ref-22-1" target="_blank">22</a></sup>
CBTRUS also recognizes that the problem may be even more likely to
occur in the reporting of non-malignant brain and CNS
tumors, where reporting often comes from
non-hospital based sources and mandated collection is relatively recent
(2004). Ostrom et al. (2014). URL: </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193675/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193675/</a>)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">For a discussion of the factors that undermine the data quality and completeness of cancer registry coverage of diagnosed tumors see </span><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ijc.29670" target="_blank">Bray et al (2015)</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25956208" target="_blank">Coebergh et al (2015)</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">and </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25131265" target="_blank">Siesling et al (2015)</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. </span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The shortcomings of cancer registries are not just hypothetical. For example,<span style="color: #9900ff; font-weight: bold;"> </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #9900ff;"><b><u><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410216/" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18.48px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Hardell and Carlberg (2015)</a></u></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><b> </b>recently reported that brain cancer rates have been increasing in Sweden based upon the Swedish National Inpatient Registry but not according to the Swedish Cancer Registry. Based upon their results they "</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">postulate(d) that a large part of brain tumours of unknown type are never reported to the Cancer Register ... We conclude that the Swedish Cancer Register is not reliable ..."</span><br />
</span><div>
<br /></div>
Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-73379559986973808732024-02-01T08:00:00.000-08:002024-02-01T10:58:25.060-08:00Featured News Stories<span style="font-family: arial;">Devra Davis. <a href="https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/4437988-why-did-nih-abruptly-halt-research-on-the-harms-of-cell-phone-radiation/" target="_blank"><b>Why did NIH abruptly halt research on the harms of cell phone radiation?</b></a> <i>The Hill</i>, Feb 1, 2024.</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><i><span style="font-family: arial;"> "In a shocking reversal, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) of the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences has quietly
disclosed that it will stop studying the biological or environmental
impacts of cell phone radiofrequency radiation."</span></i> <span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Louis Slesin.<b><a href="https://microwavenews.com/news-center/paul-brodeur-microwave-pioneer" target="_blank"> Paul Brodeur: The Original Microwave Pioneer</a></b>. Microwave News, Oct 9, 2023.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> <i> "</i><i>Brodeur got the facts right. Electromagnetic radiation can do more than simple heating. This has been
known—but denied—for decades. As for links to cancer, they have grown
stronger over the years .... <span style="background-color: white;">he was right about a cover-up. It continues today."</span></i></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span>Peter Elkind. </span></span><span><b><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/what-to-know-about-cellphone-radiation" target="_blank">What to Know About Cellphone Radiation</a></b></span><span face="tahoma, sans-serif">. ProPublica,
Jan 4, 2023.</span></span></div> <div> <i><span style="font-family: arial;">ProPublica recently examined how the federal
government, based on quarter-century-old standards, denies that
cellphones pose any risks. This guide answers some of the most common
questions people ask about cellphone radiation. </span></i><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Peter Elkind. </span><span style="color: #333333;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://bit.ly/ProPublicaFCC&source=gmail&ust=1668209450314000&usg=AOvVaw3vIRI5k7lSn9uUWnsv-tz1" href="https://bit.ly/ProPublicaFCC" target="_blank"><b>How the FCC Shields Cellphone Companies From Safety Concerns</b></a>. ProPublica, Nov 10, 2022. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></div><div> <span style="font-family: arial;">A major exposé of the FCC's negligence and complicity with the telecom industry .... <i><span style="color: #333333;">"The wireless industry is rolling out thousands
of new transmitters amid a growing body of research that calls cellphone safety
into question. Federal regulators say there’s nothing to worry about — even as
they rely on standards established in 1996."</span></i></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Ahmad El Hajj. </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.insidetelecom.com/5g/will-5g-kill-me-when-telecom-politics-become-a-deadly-sin&source=gmail&ust=1652383497754000&usg=AOvVaw17BgnNk8ffulpuDZfnqLNE" href="https://www.insidetelecom.com/5g/will-5g-kill-me-when-telecom-politics-become-a-deadly-sin" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Will 5G Kill Me? When Telecom Politics Become a Deadly Sin</b></span></a>. <span style="font-family: arial;">Inside Telecom (International Telecoms Business Magazine), May 4, 2022.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><i> "</i></span><span face="Montserrat, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #414141;"><i>What is the safe exposure time to these radiations? What is the safe distance between a person and a transmitting antenna? What are safe transmission power levels? Why haven’t safety guidelines been updated for some time? Why are the opinions of some scientists been disregarded? Can telecom tower radiations clearly cause cancer or other devastating effects?"</i></span></span></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Lyle Laver. <b><a href="https://www.nationalbusinesspost.com/cell-towers-impact-home-values/ " target="_blank">Raise the Roof</a></b>. </span><span face="arial, sans-serif"><i>The National Business Post</i>, Mar 29, 2022.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="arial, sans-serif"> "</span><span face="arial, sans-serif">It is great to have immediate access
in our mobile world, but at what cost? Should we “raise the roof” on
this issue and 'put it up to 11?' Certainly, that is what the WIA and
the FCC are doing right now; and the longer we wait, the more we will
see this infrastructure devalue our neighborhoods, homes and health.
These electromagnetic fields will only grow in strength and frequency."</span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Barbara Koeppel. </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://washingtonspectator.org/fcc-electromagnetic-radiation&source=gmail&ust=1647462204887000&usg=AOvVaw15DIDZyHNG1P1I9ePnyijz" href="https://washingtonspectator.org/fcc-electromagnetic-radiation" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank"><b>Federal Court Instructs FCC to Review Electromagnetic Radiation Standards</b></a><span style="font-family: arial;">. </span><i style="font-family: arial;">The Washington Spectator</i><span style="font-family: arial;">, Mar 9, 2022.</span></div></div><div><div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div><i><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-size: small;"> "For
25 years ... the
Federal Communications Commission has refused to revise the regulations
it set in 1996 that address what level of radiation from cell phones
should be considered safe."</span></i></div><div><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></i></div></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Anne Brice. <b><a href="https://news.berkeley.edu/2021/07/01/health-risks-of-cell-phone-radiation/" target="_blank">Moskowitz: Cellphone radiation is harmful, but few want to believe it</a></b>. Berkeley News, July 1, 2021.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><i> " there are strong parallels between what the telecom industry has done
and what the tobacco industry has done, in terms of marketing and
controlling messaging to the public."</i><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div><i style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></i></div><div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 140%;"><div style="line-height: 140%;"><div style="line-height: 140%;"><div style="line-height: 140%;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">Daniel Forbes. </span><b style="background-color: transparent;"><a href="https://bit.ly/OHAForbes1" target="_blank">Oregon Health Authority Condemned by Scientists For Scrubbing Report on Wireless Hazards in Schools.</a></b><span style="background-color: transparent;"> </span><i style="background-color: transparent;">The Washington Spectator</i><span style="background-color: transparent;">, May 24, 2021.</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div dir="auto"><div class="ecm0bbzt hv4rvrfc ihqw7lf3 dati1w0a" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id="jsc_c_11"><div class="j83agx80 cbu4d94t ew0dbk1b irj2b8pg"><div class="qzhwtbm6 knvmm38d"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto"><br /></div><div dir="auto"><i> Oregon's public health agency issued a shoddy, biased report on the potential harm to 600,000 schoolkids from wireless devices in classrooms.</i></div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto"><br /></div><div dir="auto">Dariusz Leszczynski. <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://blogbrhp.medium.com/5g-is-testing-the-limits-of-trust-8180d578e140&source=gmail&ust=1618430824082000&usg=AFQjCNG51KXNVFWPE-3J14OJCjuOrSVbXw" href="https://blogbrhp.medium.com/5g-is-testing-the-limits-of-trust-8180d578e140" target="_blank"><b>5G is testing the limits of trust</b></a>. Medium, Apr 13, 2021.</div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><p><i> "ICNIRP’s
guidelines, in addition to being set to prevent only thermal effects,
are also based only on short-term, acute exposures ... there is very little research on long-term chronic exposures... applying ICNIRP guidelines to long-term exposures is based
on an assumption of safety and not on the scientific evidence."</i></p><p><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Devra Davis. </span><b><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/feb/23/why-im-challenging-the-fcc-about-antiquated-safety/&source=gmail&ust=1614229948312000&usg=AFQjCNE5OlEQ06JBBsgZCV0-JZEeHfgg0Q" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/feb/23/why-im-challenging-the-fcc-about-antiquated-safety/" target="_blank">Why I'm challenging the FCC about antiquated safety standards for wireless devices</a>. </b><i>The Washington Times,</i> Feb 23, 2021.</p></div><div><i> "In 1996, Congress decided the FCC
should have the primary responsibility for protecting the public from
radiation exposure even though it has no health expertise and typically
sides with phone companies rather than citizens. That was a mistake..."</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div>Katie Alvord. <b><a href="https://www.sej.org/publications/features/wireless-technology-environmental-health-risk" target="_blank">Is Wireless Technology an Environmental Health Risk?</a> </b>Society of Environmental Journalists. Jan 6, 2021.</div><div><br /></div><div><i> "Those concerned say thousands of studies conclude that RFR can hurt us at levels well below <span style="font-family: arial;">those microwave ovens used for cooking</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">."</span></span></i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Barbara Koeppel. <b><a href="http://bit.ly/WirelessHazards" target="_blank">Wireless Hazards</a></b>. <i>The Washington Spectator,</i> Dec 28, 2020.</span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><i>"If you think your
cellphone is safe, have you considered why you believe that? Is it a fact or is
it based on carefully crafted messages that you’ve read or heard?"</i></span></div><div><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz. </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/WashSpectator.html" style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;" target="_blank">Regulators Steamroll Health Concerns as the Global Economy Embraces 5G</a>. </b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; text-align: center;"><i>The Washington Spectator.</i> 46(9):6</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; text-align: center;">, September 2020. ISSN 0887-428X.</span></div></span><i><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><br /></i></span></div> "The FCC, however, has been “short on science” for more than two decades...."</i></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Tom Butler. <a href="https://e9a5d5c6.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/On-the-Clear-Evidence-of-the-Risks-to-Children-from-Smartphone-and-WiFi-Radio-Frequency-Radiation_Final.pdf" target="_blank"><b>On the Clear Evidence of the Risks to Children from Non-Ionizing Radio Frequency Radiation: The Case of Digital Technologies in the Home, Classroom and Society</b></a>. Cork, Ireland: University College Cork. 33 pp.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Christopher Ketcham. <b><a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/157603/5g-going-kill-us-all" target="_blank">Is 5G Going to Kill Us All?</a> </b><i>The New Republic</i>, May 8, 2020.</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><i> "A new generation of superfast wireless internet is coming soon. But no one can say for sure if it’s safe."</i></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Louis Slesin. </span><b><a href="https://microwavenews.com/news-center/time-clean-house" target="_blank">The Lies Must Stop Disband ICNIRP: Facts Matter, Now More Than Ever</a>. </b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i>Microwave News,</i> Apr 9, 2020.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> "The public has been fed lies and half-truths about the health effects of
RF/microwave radiation for as long as I have been involved, since the
1970s." </i></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">International EMF Alliance. <b><a href="https://www.iemfa.org/wp-content/pdf/2019-11-IEMFA-Letter-to-Scientific-American-Misconception-of-5G.pdf" target="_blank">Misconception of 5G</a></b>. Unpublished letter submitted to <i>Scientific American,</i> N</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ov 7, 2019.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> This letter rebuts David Robert Grimes' article that attacks, "We Have No Reason to Believe 5G is Safe." The Grimes article has been removed from the Scientific American website.</i></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Louis Slesin. </span><a href="https://microwavenews.com/news-center/can-who-kick-icnirp-habit" target="_blank"><b>Will WHO Kick Its ICNIRP Habit? Non-Thermal Effects Hang in the Balance</b>.</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> <i>Microwave News</i>, Nov 4, 2019.</span></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></i></span></div><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span style="background-color: white;"> After 8 years of work, the </span></i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i>WHO is reopening its review of RF radiation health effects. This investigative report exposes ties between the WHO EMF Project, the ICNIRP, and the telecom industry.</i></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></i></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz. <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://bit.ly/5GSciAmJMM&source=gmail&ust=1571510391724000&usg=AFQjCNFwnRElhUnRqXwVnIHwWIH1Iy7ntw" href="http://bit.ly/5GSciAmJMM" target="_blank"><b>We Have No Reason to Believe 5G is Safe</b></a>. <i>Scientific American</i>, Oct 17, 2019.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> "</span><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;">we should support the recommendations of the 250 scientists and medical doctors who signed the </span><a href="http://www.5gappeal.eu/" style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(101, 101, 101); box-sizing: inherit; color: #656565; outline: none;"><b>5G Appeal</b></a></i><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;"><i> that calls for an immediate moratorium on the deployment of 5G and demand that our government fund the research needed to adopt biologically based exposure limits that protect our health and safety</i>."</span></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Simon Hill. <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/cell-phone-radiation-actually-dangerous-124336626.html" target="_blank"><b>Is cell phone radiation actually dangerous? We asked some experts</b></a>. <i>Digital Trends</i>, Sep 25, 2019.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> "The ... standards that are in place, which haven’t changed since 1996, were set based on when animal behavior changed ... If we can’t draw conclusions about the NTP study, why is this earlier animal research still the basis of our safety limits?"</i></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Joe Mahr. <b><a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/investigations/ct-cell-phone-radiation-lawsuit-apple-samsung-met-20190829-ye5h7fw6yvauxpo367vqeg7pju-story.html" target="_blank">Lawsuit filed against Apple, Samsung after Chicago Tribune tests cellphones for radiofrequency radiation</a>. </b></span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><i>Chicago Tribune</i>, Aug 29, 2019.</span></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sam Roe. </span><b><a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/investigations/ct-cell-phone-radiation-testing-20190821-72qgu4nzlfda5kyuhteiieh4da-story.html" target="_blank">We tested popular cellphones for radiofrequency radiation. Now the FCC is investigating</a></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, Aug 21, 2019.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> The paper's year-long investigation found some of the most popular cell phones, including Apple iPhones, emit radiation that exceeds government (FCC) safety limits</i></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sam Roe. <b><a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/investigations/ct-cell-phone-radiation-testing-methodology--20190821-whddrljk6fbmxoqh25u5t7lkb4-story.html" target="_blank">Testing cellphones for radiofrequency radiation: How we did it</a></b>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, Aug 21, 2019. </span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz.<a href="https://archive.org/details/5G-health-risks-BBC-Radio-5" target="_blank"> <b>5G Health Risks</b></a><b>. </b></span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">BBC Radio 5, May 30, 2019 (9 minute news segment).</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> <i>The deployment of 5G in the United Kingdom today has generated great concern among the public. This is a brief overview of the health risks from exposure to 5G millimeter waves.</i></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><br /></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Devra Davis. </span><b><a href="https://medium.com/@devradavis/5g-the-unreported-global-threat-717c98c9c37d" target="_blank">5G: The Unreported Global Threat</a>.</b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Medium, May 18, 2019.</span><br />
<i><br /></i></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><i> <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Major mainstream newspapers commonly ignore the substantial body of science pinpointing wireless radiation and 5G hazards detailed in journalistic investigations.</span></i></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Investigate Europe. <a href="https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Mobile-phones-and-health-is-5G-being-rolled-out-too-fast" target="_blank"><b>Mobile phones and health: Is 5G being rolled out too fast?</b></a> Computer Weekly, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">April, 2019.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> Countries are deploying 5G at breakneck speed to gain a competitive edge, but scientists have concerns about effects on public health and are calling for a precautionary approach.</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Markham Heid. </span><a href="https://medium.com/s/the-nuance/are-airpods-and-other-bluetooth-headphones-safe-214a0449e13a" target="_blank"><b>Are AirPods and Other Bluetooth Headphones Safe?</b></a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Medium, Mar 7, 2019.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> <i>Numerous scientific publications have shown that EMF affects living organisms at levels well below international and national guidelines including cancer, neurological disorders, and DNA damage.</i></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Investigate Europe. <b><a href="https://www.investigate-europe.eu/publications/the-5g-mass-experiment/" target="_blank">The 5G mass experiment</a></b>. Jan 13, 2019.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></div> In a series of news stories, a team of investigative journalists examines the risks of 5G deployment. </i>"</span><i>it could also harm your health. Europe's governments ignore the danger." </i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Hiawatha Bray.<b> <a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2019/01/16/could-your-cellphone-electromagnetic-field-make-you-sick/Xfo6O3BM2bdCm7hXYMPVQO/story.html" target="_blank">Could your cellphone’s electromagnetic field make you sick?</a></b> <i>Boston Globe</i>, Jan 17, 2019.<br /><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> <i>The Massachusetts Department of Public Health may be withholding information about possible health risks posed by cellphones and other wireless technologies.</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #2c2c2c;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ronald Melnick, Ph.D.<b> </b><a href="https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/416515-theres-a-clear-cell-phone-cancer-link-but-fda-is-downplaying-it" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">There's a clear cell phone-cancer link, but FDA is downplaying it</a>. </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #2c2c2c;">The Hill, Nov 13, 2018.</span><br />
<i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Dr. Melnick was the senior toxicologist who led the design of the </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">National Toxicology Program </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">cell phone radiation studies.</span></i><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joyce Nelson. </span><b><a href="https://watershedsentinel.ca/articles/5g-corporate-grail/" target="_blank">5G Corporate Grail: Smart cities/dumb people?</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"> </span></span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Watershed Sentinel, Nov 5, 2018.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> "</span>There’s a lot of hype about 5G, the fifth-generation wireless technology that is being rolled out in various “5G test beds” in major cities ...But it’s hard to see why we should be excited.</i>"</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Annelie Fitzgerald. </span><a href="https://truepublica.org.uk/united-kingdom/mobile-phone-cover-up-govt-advisory-body-disbanded-inaccurate-and-misleading-conclusions-remain/" target="_blank"><b>Mobile Phone Cover-up? Gov’t advisory body disbanded – inaccurate and misleading conclusions remain</b></a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. TruePublica (UK), Oct 17, 2018.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><i>UK disbanded advisory group on non-ionizing radiation (AGNIR) after group issued inaccurate assessment of wireless radiation science subject to conflicts of interest. Public Heath England still relies on AGNIR report.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Martin Röösli. <a href="https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-07-mobile-affect-memory-adolescents.html" target="_blank"><b>Mobile phone radiation may affect memory performance in adolescents</b>.</a> Medical Xpress. July 20, 2018.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></div> Radio frequency radiation may have adverse effects on memory performance of specific brain regions exposed during mobile phone use.</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ronnie Cohen. <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/2018/07/27/cancer-cellphones-ntp-findings-toxicologists-brain-cancer-us-1024633.html" target="_blank"><b>Do cellphones cause cancer? Government study reveals 'stunningly important findings</b></a>. <i>Newsweek</i>, July 19, 2018.</span><br />
<i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Current cellphone safety regulations are based on a premise that is now arguably false: that cellphone radiation can cause harm only by heating tissue.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mark Hertsgaard</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> and Mark Dowie. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/14/mobile-phones-cancer-inconvenient-truths" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">The inconvenient truth about cancer and mobile phones</a>.<i>The Guardian</i>, July 14, 2018.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> We dismiss claims about mobiles being bad for our health – but is that because studies showing a link to cancer have been cast into doubt by the industry?</i></span></span><br />
<b><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></b><b><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: 400;">Reynard Loki. <b><a href="https://www.salon.com/2018/07/13/our-cellphone-addiction-is-turning-wireless-tech-into-an-invisible-weapon-that-is-destroying-wildlife_partner/">O</a></b></span><a href="https://www.salon.com/2018/07/13/our-cellphone-addiction-is-turning-wireless-tech-into-an-invisible-weapon-that-is-destroying-wildlife_partner/">ur cellphone addiction is turning wireless tech into an invisible weapon that’s destroying wildlife</a></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. Salon, July 14, 2018.</span><br />
</span><div><b><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><br /></i></span></span></b></div><div>
<b><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i> Electromagnetic radiation from Wi-Fi and cell towers poses a “credible risk” to birds, mammals, insects and plants</i></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lynne Peeples. </span><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><a href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article214422049.html" target="_blank">Should cell phone providers warn customers of health risks? Berkeley says yes</a>. </span></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">McClatchy News Washington Bureau, July 11, 2018.</span><br />
<i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Although t</span><span face=""mcclatchy sans" , "arial" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">he scientific community has not reached consensus, the California health department said research indicates long-term, extensive cellphone use may affect health.</span></i><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lynne Peeples. <b><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.fairwarning.org/2018/07/cellphone-free-speech-radiation-berkeley/">Wireless industry using First Amendment as a cudgel in its battle against safety warnings</a>. </span></b>Fair Warning, July 11, 2018.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> Complete version of the article. News websites published the McClatchy version.</i></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Louis Slesin</span><b>. "<a href="http://microwavenews.com/news-center/ntp-peer-review-sees-tumor-risk" target="_blank">'Clear evidence' of cell phone cancer risk, say leading pathologists.</a>"</b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Microwave News, April 9, 2018.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><i> Why the peer review panel and NTP interpreted the same animal data differently. </i></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mark Hertsgaard</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> and Mark Dowie. "</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-big-wireless-made-us-think-that-cell-phones-are-safe-a-special-investigation/" target="_blank">How big wireless made us think that cell phones are safe: A special investigation</a>." </b><i>The Nation</i>, March 29, 2018.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><i>The disinformation campaign—and massive radiation increase—behind the 5G rollout</i><i>.</i></span></div></div><div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Timothy Schoechle. "<b><a href="https://electromagnetichealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ReInventing-Wires-1-25-18.pdf" target="_blank">Reinventing Wires: The Future of Landlines and Networks</a></b>." National Institute for Science, Law & Public Policy. 2018.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><i> The U.S. should invest in hard-wired telecom infrastructure to support economic growth, bridge the digital divide & diminish risks to security, privacy, public health & the environment.</i></span></div><div><br /></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-44226891585327229292024-02-01T03:20:00.000-08:002024-02-01T11:54:24.051-08:00The Incidence of Meningioma, a Non-Malignant Brain Tumor, is Increasing in the U.S. <div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMPJXxP6fwcBr-lM3Ozmq1c0OCXpTWfMZA90q9kP4e3aT3MpcNDO7tJxdzRNVy96BttqpnZvIarKSv6HpYWBhaSB5X5puLM_ChbNTrgXT1Aoo9oZY12DzW1B5xPIcpPdsyQ4ohviDx4hNLkUMEf5SDVl2mkedOlo4LTbOFZo_TJJhX10nCZWC7mU3rRBw/s668/meningioma%20brain.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="668" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMPJXxP6fwcBr-lM3Ozmq1c0OCXpTWfMZA90q9kP4e3aT3MpcNDO7tJxdzRNVy96BttqpnZvIarKSv6HpYWBhaSB5X5puLM_ChbNTrgXT1Aoo9oZY12DzW1B5xPIcpPdsyQ4ohviDx4hNLkUMEf5SDVl2mkedOlo4LTbOFZo_TJJhX10nCZWC7mU3rRBw/w400-h305/meningioma%20brain.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span face="tahoma, sans-serif" lang="en" style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><span face="tahoma, sans-serif" lang="en" style="font-family: arial;">In the U.S. nonmalignant meningioma, </span>a non-malignant tumor on the outer covering of the brain, <span face="tahoma, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">is the most common brain tumor.</span></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><span class="gmail_default"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><span class="gmail_default">Since the year 2000, t</span>he U.S. has experienced significant increases in the age-adjusted incidence rates of meningioma along with three other <span class="gmail_default">head </span>and neck tumors.<span class="gmail_default"> </span></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><div><br /></div><div>Whereas the size of the population in the U.S. increased 16% between 2000 and 2019, the number of cases reported in the National Cancer Institute's <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/" target="_blank">SEER</a> 22 registry for this tumor increased 124%. </div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The overall age-adjusted incidence rate for nonmalignant meningioma </span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">of the brain and nervous system </span><span style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">significantly increased 70% in the U.S. from 2004 (6.46 per 100,000) to 2019 (11.01 per 100,000). From 2004 to 2008, the increase was 12.3% per year, and from 2008 to 2019, the increase was 2.1% per year.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><div class="gmail_default"><div><br /></div><div>A<span class="gmail_default">mong youth less than 20 years of age</span> t<span class="gmail_default">he incidence of nonmalignant meningioma significantly increased by 2.8% per year from 2004 to 2019</span><span class="gmail_default">.</span></div></div></div></div></div><div><br /></div><div>The increase in <span class="gmail_default">age-adjusted </span>incidence <span class="gmail_default">rate for this </span>tumor is likely attributable to the chronic effects of mobile phone use in addition to other factors including improv<span class="gmail_default">ements in </span>screening. <span style="font-family: arial;">The incidence of this tumor was not reported to the SEER registry prior to 2004.</span></div></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The tumor incidence rate data are from the SEER 22 Registry which covers 48% of the total <span class="gmail_default">U.S. </span>population<span class="gmail_default">. </span>The data were age-adjusted to the population in the year 2000 so observed differences over time are not affected by changes in the age composition of the population.</div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><div class="gmail_default"><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVD9tR4STNF3s_OIXViPQhcJlrVPBLaUbBdg1gym8tj-OtNk_HdB9sVU5-ExmCXNiPRTUuVPiqoppovWaJB-seyp75XlcVv3DSqnnK7ryf40U0lfK_66q4enGWQZLSDU1uu8JLhJZt56BeIGsSRBRzVFKWKYREM56Jy71u8F_P8tSVYHXmduSCQoSw1RE/s1091/meningioma%20trend%202000-2019.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="850" data-original-width="1091" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVD9tR4STNF3s_OIXViPQhcJlrVPBLaUbBdg1gym8tj-OtNk_HdB9sVU5-ExmCXNiPRTUuVPiqoppovWaJB-seyp75XlcVv3DSqnnK7ryf40U0lfK_66q4enGWQZLSDU1uu8JLhJZt56BeIGsSRBRzVFKWKYREM56Jy71u8F_P8tSVYHXmduSCQoSw1RE/w640-h498/meningioma%20trend%202000-2019.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span class="gmail_default"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=501&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_type=1&sex=1&race=1&hdn_stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion1" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=501&<wbr></wbr>data_type=1&graph_type=2&<wbr></wbr>compareBy=age_range&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_122=122&chk_age_range_<wbr></wbr>160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_<wbr></wbr>type=1&sex=1&race=1&hdn_stage=<wbr></wbr>101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#<wbr></wbr>resultsRegion1</a></div></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Reference: SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics [Internet]. Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute; 2023 Apr 19. [updated: 2023 Nov 16; cited 2024 Jan 9]. Available from: <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/</a>. Data source(s): SEER Incidence Data, November 2022 Submission (1975-2020), <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/registries/terms.html" target="_blank">SEER 22 registries</a>. </div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">March 15, 2023</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHreEYBVgAj3QmC3KkDW2xCcH9bw8PGHCBCDKkBcKzIsHRrz6B3HLdF8uTaelT9M90w6LT6y8TWS_9_sLh3tXbMdf1lYfUyZyIPyMZkgH3FZHpXIcDIVAOqzVjUzpb3kJOAb2f3XKc4Watc-Uoi441ESfoqGMlp2MYYZ-jdzkdwPt-KbaVBCGBKMmD/s1460/meningioma%20incidence%202004-2019%20by%20sex%20US%20Seer23.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="817" data-original-width="1460" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHreEYBVgAj3QmC3KkDW2xCcH9bw8PGHCBCDKkBcKzIsHRrz6B3HLdF8uTaelT9M90w6LT6y8TWS_9_sLh3tXbMdf1lYfUyZyIPyMZkgH3FZHpXIcDIVAOqzVjUzpb3kJOAb2f3XKc4Watc-Uoi441ESfoqGMlp2MYYZ-jdzkdwPt-KbaVBCGBKMmD/w640-h358/meningioma%20incidence%202004-2019%20by%20sex%20US%20Seer23.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://bit.ly/3Tjzxxx" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">http://bit.ly/3Tjzxxx</span></a></b></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="gmail_default" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial;">March 15, 2023 (Updated March 18, 2023)</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="tahoma, sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="tahoma, sans-serif">It is
tricky trying to interpret the results of ecological studies (</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #4d5156;">studies used to understand the relationship between outcome and exposure at a population level, where 'population' represents a group of individuals with a shared characteristic)</span>: </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(1) it is
difficult to control for confounding, </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(2) associations may be due to chance, and </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(3) population-level
associations may not correspond to processes that occur at the
individual-level (i.e., ecological fallacy). </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="tahoma, sans-serif">The risk factors underlying changes over
time in tumor </span><span class="gmail-il" face="tahoma, sans-serif">incidence</span><span face="tahoma, sans-serif"> in the population can be difficult to identify if there were changes
in screening and diagnostic procedures or changes in reporting practices.</span></span></div></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/03/brain-tumor-incidence-trends.html" target="_blank"><b>Moon (2023)</b></a> recently reported that the age-standardized incidence rate of nonmalignant meningioma (D32) increased from 1999 to 2018
[Average Annual Percent Change =36.69% (95% CI = 33.53–39.85)<a href="https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/science/article/pii/S0013935123004498#tbl1fna" name="m_-1684213371792132099_m_2367079196120254480_btbl1fna" target="_blank"></a>]
in South Korea. The rate increased from 2.08 per 100,000 in 2004 to 7.07 per 100,000 in 2018
(see Supplementary Material B).
</span></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Keeping the caveats mentioned above in mind about ecological studies, it is intriguing that Moon (2023) reported that the correlation of
the age-standardized incidence rate of nonmalignant meningioma with the
cell phone subscription rate ten years earlier in South Korea was very high (r = .92, 95%
CI = .80 - .97). This result suggests that cell phone use in the
population could be contributing to the development of
nonmalignant tumors of the meninges, the tissue covering the outer portion of the brain, ten years later.<br /></span></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_default">
<div class="gmail_default"></div><div class="gmail_default"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">In
the U.S., based on SEER 22 Areas tumor registry data, the age-standardized
incidence rate of
nonmalignant meningioma increased from 6.4 per 100,000 in 2004 (the
first year this tumor was reported by SEER) to 10.1 per 100,000 in 2018 (see Figure above). </span></b></div><div class="gmail_default"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="gmail_default"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Based upon my
calculation, in the U.S. the correlation of age-standardized incidence rates of nonmalignant meningioma
(from 2004-2018 in SEER 22) with cell phone subscription rates in the U.S. ten years earlier (from 1994-2008 as reported in Supplementary Material B in Moon, 2023) was also very high (r=.89,
95% CI =.70 - .96).</span></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="text-align: left;">
</div><div class="gmail_default"><div class="gmail_default"></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;">Case-control studies provide stronger evidence of this risk factor. Although
not all case-control studies have found an association between heavy
wireless phone use and meningioma, at least three studies reported significant associations:<br /><br />In Sweden, Carlberg and Hardell (2015) found that
heavy use of wireless phones (i.e., cell phones and cordless phones) was
associated with greater risk of meningioma. Heavy cordless phone users
(defined as more than 1,436 hours of lifetime use) had a 1.7-fold
greater risk of meningioma (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3-2.2). The heaviest
cordless phone users (defined as more than 3,358 hours of lifetime use)
had a two-fold greater risk of meningioma (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.4 -
2.8). The heaviest cell phone users had a 1.5-fold greater risk of
meningioma (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.99 - 2.1). <br /><br />In France, Coureau
et al. (2014) found a two and a half-fold greater risk of meningioma for
heavy cell phone users (defined as 896 or more hours of lifetime use)
(OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.02 to 6.44). <br /><br />Using data from Australia,
Canada, France, Israel and New Zealand, Cardis et al. (2011) found a
two-fold greater risk of meningioma for heavy cell phone users (defined
as 3,124 or more hours of lifetime use) (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.03 to
2.93). </span></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;">In
sum, use of wireless phones over a ten-year period, including cell phone and cordless phone use, may contribute to the development of nonmalignant meningioma in the U.S. as well as other countries.</span></div></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;">See also:</span></div><div class="gmail_default"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><u><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/05/brain-tumor-rates-are-rising-in-us-role.html" style="color: #2823a3;">Brain Tumor Rates Are Rising in the US:</a> </span><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/05/brain-tumor-rates-are-rising-in-us-role.html" style="color: #2823a3;" target="_blank">The Role of Cellphone & Cordless Phone Use</a><br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/03/brain-tumor-incidence-trends.html" style="color: #2823a3;" target="_blank">Trends in Brain Tumor Incidence Outside the U.S.</a></u></span></b></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>April 20, 2015</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The age-adjusted incidence rate for meningioma, the most common non-malignant brain tumor, increased from about 6.3 per 100,000 in 2004 to about 7.8 per 100,000 in
2009 before leveling off (through 2011). </span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The annual percentage increase
between 2004 and 2009 was 2.4% per year. The annual increase was
significant for males and females, whites and blacks, and non-Hispanics.
Although the incidence of these tumors increased for all age groups
except 0-19, the increase was statistically significant only for 45-54
years of age and 65 and older. </span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The case-control
research that has examined the association between long-term use of
mobile phones and risk of meningioma has yielded mixed results. Some
studies have found a significant association whereas others have not.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Dolecek
TA, Dressler EV, Thakkar JP, Liu M, Al-Qaisi A, Villano JL.
Epidemiology of meningiomas post-Public Law 107-206: The Benign Brain
Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act. Cancer. 2015 Apr 14. doi:
10.1002/cncr.29379. [Epub ahead of print]<br /><b><br />Abstract</b><br /><br />BACKGROUND:
The current analysis follows the implementation of Public Law 107-260,
the Benign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act, which mandated
the collection of nonmalignant brain tumors.<br /><br />METHODS: Meningiomas
were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
(SEER) Program database for the years 2004 to 2011. Demographic and
clinical characteristics, initial treatment patterns, and survival
outcomes were evaluated using surveillance epidemiology statistical
methods.<br /><br />RESULTS: The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate
per 100,000 population was 7.62 (95 % confidence interval [CI],
7.55-7.68) for all meningiomas, 7.18 (95% CI, 7.12-7.25) for benign
meningiomas, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.31-0.33) for borderline malignant
meningiomas, and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.11-0.12) for malignant meningiomas. The
annual rates increased for benign and borderline malignant tumors but
decreased for malignant tumors. The rates for women exceeded those for
men, especially for those with benign meningiomas. Black race was
associated with significantly higher rates as was advancing age. Greater
than 80% of tumors were located in cerebral meninges. Diagnostic
confirmation through pathology occurred for approximately 50% of benign
tumors, 90% of borderline malignant tumors, and 80% of malignant tumors.
No initial treatment was reported for greater than 60% of benign
tumors, 29% of borderline malignant tumors, or 31% of malignant tumors.
The 5-year relative survival estimates for benign tumors, borderline
malignant tumors, and malignant tumors were 85.6% (95% confidence
interval [CI], 85%-86.2%), 82.3% (95% CI, 79.3%-84.8%), and 66% (95% CI,
60.6%-70.9%), respectively. Predictors of poorer survival were advanced
age, being male gender, black race, no initial treatment, and malignant
tumor behavior.<br /><br />CONCLUSIONS: The current analysis demonstrates that there is an increasing incidence.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://1.usa.gov/1zE7WXs" target="_blank">http://1.usa.gov/1zE7WXs</a><br /><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Excerpts</b><br /><br />Population-based
studies of meningiomas have been limited because of the benign nature
of the histology; and, before diagnosis year 2004, state central cancer
registries were not required to collect nonmalignant cases. That changed
with the passage of Public Law 107-260, the Benign Brain Tumor Cancer
Registries Amendment Act.1 This law mandated the collection of benign
and borderline malignant brain tumors beginning with diagnosis year
2004. Our analysis on this common but understudied tumor follows the
implementation of this law ...<br /><br />Meningiomas have the highest
incidence rate among all primary brain and central nervous system (CNS)
tumors. Nonmalignant meningioma is the most frequently reported
histology, accounting for >33% of all primary brain and CNS tumors.<br /><br />We
evaluated population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology,
and End Results (SEER) Program 18 registries of the National Cancer
Institute. The SEER Program is an authoritative source of cancer
incidence and survival in the United States with registries that cover
approximately 28% of the US population. Although Public Law 107-260 only
applies to state-wide registries, SEER has voluntarily agreed to
collect nonmalignant brain tumor data in accordance with the mandate.<br /><br />In
total, 51,065 new meningiomas occurred in the 18 SEER geographic areas
during the period from 2004 to 2011. Of these tumors, 50,290 (>98%)
were determined to be nonmalignant (benign or borderline malignant) and
were collected under the mandate of Public Law 107-260. Greater than 95%
of these tumors were benign, and the remaining tumors were classified
as borderline malignancies. Only 775 malignant tumors were diagnosed
during the 8 study years.<br /><br />... Statistically significant increases
in the annual AAIRs from 2004 to 2011 were apparent for benign and
borderline malignant tumors, whereas AAIRs for malignant tumors
significantly decreased....<br /><br />... Statistically significant
increases were observed from 2004 to 2009 for benign meningiomas (APC,
3.86; P<.05), with a leveling off and no significant change in AAIRs
during 2009 to 2011. The pattern for borderline malignant meningiomas
was similar, but the significant increase appeared from 2004 to 2008
(APC, 5.50; P<.05), with no significant change over the years from
2008 to 2011. No joinpoint was apparent for malignant meningiomas, but a
significant linear decline (APC, 27.27; P<.05) was observed.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Rising
risk over the study period very well may have been an artifact of
increasingly accurate reporting associated with implementation of the
law. The extent to which this contributed to the increased incidence is
unknown. There is also a degree of ascertainment bias because of
improving diagnostic techniques, because 50% of patients with benign
tumors were registered based on imaging versus pathology, which is
required for most other cancers ...</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">The piece-wise regression trend analyses suggest that benign meningioma
rates stabilized at diagnosis year 2009 and had no significant change
from 2009 to 2011. Reporting for the diagnosis years 2004 through 2009
may have been influenced by the many factors discussed above, and
diagnosis years 2009 through 2011 actually may reflect accurate
incidence estimates for meningiomas with more complete registration of
nonmalignant tumors ...<br /><br /><b>Conclusions</b><br /><br />The
implementation of the Benign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment
Act, Public Law 107-260, afforded an opportunity to gain a better
understanding and new insights into nonmalignant brain tumors. This
legislative contribution has distinctive relevance to patients with
meningioma, because it is known as the most common CNS tumor in which
the vast major of patients present with benign histologies. Our current
analysis after the implementation of Public Law 107-260 in diagnosis
year 2004 demonstrates increasing incidence rates of nonmalignant
meningiomas that stabilized around 2009. This trend was undoubtedly
because of learning curves associated with registration procedures
put into practice to comply with the law. The period of rate
stabilization likely reflects meningioma estimates that are closer to
its true incidence with more precise behavior classifications in the
SEER registries data. Our report, for which we used this improved,
high-quality cancer registry data set on brain tumors, represents the
most current population-based description of the demographic and
clinical characteristics, initial treatment patterns, and survival
outcomes for patients with nonmalignant and malignant meningiomas.</span></div>
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-92202626955239337552024-02-01T03:00:00.000-08:002024-02-01T11:59:03.388-08:00Thyroid Cancer & Mobile Phone Use<div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwexkxXFmBEk95YbTLc-PT1wS2GOzNlk04lTmZOidi71MuSkL_qvX2TsCV_OeeSYqT5CoDEIFwdDMzqSll9xTyONYvaEcIIiVZJrkPsESgojbhDn7fCXgXYRF0-yZj1XHMPw98IyAVI0A/s1600/thyroid+mobile+phone+placement.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwexkxXFmBEk95YbTLc-PT1wS2GOzNlk04lTmZOidi71MuSkL_qvX2TsCV_OeeSYqT5CoDEIFwdDMzqSll9xTyONYvaEcIIiVZJrkPsESgojbhDn7fCXgXYRF0-yZj1XHMPw98IyAVI0A/s640/thyroid+mobile+phone+placement.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">From: Carlberg et al. 2016 (see abstract below).<br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The figure above is from the open access paper: Carlberg M, Hedendahl L, Ahonen, Koppel T, Hardell L. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries with main focus on Swedish data. BMC Cancer. 16:246. 2016. <a href="https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2429-4" target="_blank">https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2429-4</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Thyroid Cancer Age-Adjusted Incidence Rate in US, 2000-2019 (NCI SEER 22)</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR7jd_IAnJuesFSfkfDLz8rt7ikZMiBkf7QKuf1cO8q4WFHMzATnu0JwccHBO9VyRpYZwZpoFJtMEBPoSNDRE53tvOsQWoqg881AOSkK3x97bZrzyVE7pcroSIdoSQNG_bzDKXjP-pjayU_ts1CeG_KxX396CDqVfYFlQzw5tDNtbAv_scNNotavw5HUw/s1080/thyroid%20cancer%20incidence%20US%202000-2029.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1080" height="372" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR7jd_IAnJuesFSfkfDLz8rt7ikZMiBkf7QKuf1cO8q4WFHMzATnu0JwccHBO9VyRpYZwZpoFJtMEBPoSNDRE53tvOsQWoqg881AOSkK3x97bZrzyVE7pcroSIdoSQNG_bzDKXjP-pjayU_ts1CeG_KxX396CDqVfYFlQzw5tDNtbAv_scNNotavw5HUw/w640-h372/thyroid%20cancer%20incidence%20US%202000-2029.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="gmail_default">Since the year 2000, t</span>he U.S. has experienced significant increases in the age-adjusted incidence rates of thyroid cancer along with three other <span class="gmail_default">head </span>and neck tumors. <span style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The age-adjusted incidence rate of thyroid cancer significantly increased overall in the U.S. from 2000 to 2009 by 7.1% per year and from 2009 to 2014 by 2.3% per year.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="gmail_default"><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">A<span class="gmail_default">mong youth less than 20 years of age</span> t<span class="gmail_default">hyroid cancer incidence significantly increased by 4.5% per year </span><span class="gmail_default">f</span><span class="gmail_default">rom 2000 to 2019.</span></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div></div><div>
<div><br /></div><div>Whereas
the size of the population in the U.S. increased 16% between 2000 and
2019, the number of cases reported in the
National Cancer Institute's <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/" target="_blank">SEER</a> 22 registry increased by 132% for thyroid
cancer. </div><div><br /></div><div>The increase in the <span class="gmail_default">age-adjusted </span>incidence <span class="gmail_default">rate </span>is likely attributable to the chronic effects of mobile
phone use in addition to other factors including improv<span class="gmail_default">ements in </span>screenin<span class="gmail_default">g.</span>
</div>
</div><div><br /></div><div>The tumor incidence rate data are from the SEER 22 Registry which covers 48% of the total <span class="gmail_default">U.S. </span>population<span class="gmail_default">. </span>The
data were age-adjusted to the population in the year 2000 so observed
differences over time are not affected by changes in the age composition
of the population.</div></span></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><div class="gmail_default"><div><br /></div><div></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=80&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=80&data_<wbr></wbr>type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=<wbr></wbr>age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=<wbr></wbr>122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_<wbr></wbr>age_range_166=166&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&<wbr></wbr>race=1&stage=101&advopt_<wbr></wbr>precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&<wbr></wbr>advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=<wbr></wbr>1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_<wbr></wbr>display=2</a></div></div><br /></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Reference: SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics [Internet]. Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute; 2023 Apr 19. [updated: 2023 Nov 16; cited 2024 Jan 9]. Available from: <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/</a>. Data source(s): SEER Incidence Data, November 2022 Submission (1975-2020), <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/registries/terms.html" target="_blank">SEER 22 registries</a>. </div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">November 1, 2023</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Latest Statistics on Thyroid Cancer in the U.S. </span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates that 43</span><span face=""source sans pro" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #f8fafa; text-align: right;">,720 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in 2023.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Age-adjusted rates for new thyroid cancer cases have been stable from 2009-2018 based upon an analysis of data from the NCI </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 (SEER-9) cancer registry program.</span></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><strong style="font-family: arial;"><br /></strong></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><strong style="font-family: arial;">Rate of New Cases and Deaths per 100,000:</strong><span style="font-family: arial;"> The rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year. The death rate was 0.5 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2016–2020 cases and deaths.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div class="col-sm-6"><p><strong>Lifetime Risk of Developing Cancer</strong>: Approximately 1.2 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer at some point during their lifetime, based on 2017–2019 data.</p><p><strong>Prevalence of This Cancer</strong>: In 2020, there were an estimated 951,153 people living with thyroid cancer in the United States.</p></div></span></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK93rbDc3w29jh1M9ZlrNnNImeRe63X3g6DwlLnnkgbCej9O2_h-BddtXapJOBntrRnnvD73umVXMuGLhlCuczWBZjrTuo41inVRUhSkXNwsib9c91c0YA1o8Mo1mzFBBLT1n5F-nvdSzfiL5515GCuyHAvZidf7tJHg_fKmcvk3IN8jcIO0gppIeMuQI/s1077/US%20thyroid%20cases%202023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="583" data-original-width="1077" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK93rbDc3w29jh1M9ZlrNnNImeRe63X3g6DwlLnnkgbCej9O2_h-BddtXapJOBntrRnnvD73umVXMuGLhlCuczWBZjrTuo41inVRUhSkXNwsib9c91c0YA1o8Mo1mzFBBLT1n5F-nvdSzfiL5515GCuyHAvZidf7tJHg_fKmcvk3IN8jcIO0gppIeMuQI/w640-h346/US%20thyroid%20cases%202023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html</a></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><h3 style="clear: both;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">New Cancer Cases Diagnosed among Adolescents & Young Adults </span></b><b><span style="font-family: arial;">(Ages 15-39)</span></b></h3><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Thyroid cancer was the most common type of new cancer diagnosed in adolescents and young adults ages 15-39 from 2014-2018 in the U.S.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZYIds8_kw3EZSn9NxAvuuzdsJxDDl43w6peSdJvzuPsYPWIkxUex90mzkfPtlF-fJioXJS2QzlVpMUWln_HaABIqrgA-xuim_lEVhcu81wT0N6zNmO4HIPTOoPRTXCv8EaTeu692t9nBpN5q8hilcy6jMFlz-g1e_Jmb6qkSCHedp9oncoJrP1g4u-vI" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="562" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZYIds8_kw3EZSn9NxAvuuzdsJxDDl43w6peSdJvzuPsYPWIkxUex90mzkfPtlF-fJioXJS2QzlVpMUWln_HaABIqrgA-xuim_lEVhcu81wT0N6zNmO4HIPTOoPRTXCv8EaTeu692t9nBpN5q8hilcy6jMFlz-g1e_Jmb6qkSCHedp9oncoJrP1g4u-vI=w640-h438" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/aya.html">https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/aya.html</a></b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>--</b></span></div></div></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial;">An Exploration of the Effects of Radiofrequency
Radiation Emitted by Mobile Phones and Extremely Low Frequency Radiation
on Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Gland Histopathology</b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><div><br /></div><div>
Alkayyali T, Ochuba O, Srivastava K, Sandhu JK, Joseph C, Ruo SW, Jain
A, Waqar A, Poudel S. An Exploration of the Effects of Radiofrequency
Radiation Emitted by Mobile Phones and Extremely Low Frequency Radiation
on Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Gland Histopathology. Cureus. 2021 Aug
20;13(8):e17329. doi: 10.7759/cureus.17329. <br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract</div><div><br /></div><div>
The use of mobile phones has widely increased over the last two decades.
Mobile phones produce a radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF), a
form of non-ionizing radiation. In contrast to the ionizing radiation
proven to cause DNA damage, the harmful effects of non-ionizing
radiation on the human body have not been discovered yet. The thyroid
gland is among the most susceptible organs to mobile phone radiation due
to its location in the anterior neck. Our purpose in this literature
review is to explore the effects of the electromagnetic field (EMF),
especially radiofrequency emitted from mobile phones, on thyroid
hormones and thyroid gland histopathology. We searched PubMed and Google
Scholar databases for relevant studies published after the year 2000,
using the following keywords: 'cell phones', 'mobile phones',
'telephones', 'electromagnetic fields', 'radiofrequency radiation',
'microwaves', 'thyroid gland', 'thyroid hormones', and 'thyroid cancer'.
Our review revealed that mobile phone radiofrequency radiation (RFR)
might be associated with thyroid gland insufficiency and alterations in
serum thyroid hormone levels, with a possible disruption in the
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The review also showed
histopathological changes in the thyroid gland follicles after exposure
of rats to non-ionizing radiation. The results were directly related to
the amount and duration of exposure to EMF radiation. Further human
studies exploring thyroid gland hormones, microscopic morphology, and
thyroid cancer are highly recommended for future researches.</div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusions</div><div><br /></div><div>
This article aimed to explore the effects of RF-EMF and ELF-EMF on the
thyroid gland hormones and histopathology. Studies collected in this
review showed that GSM mobile phone RFR could be associated with
alterations in T3, T4, and TSH serum hormone levels. EMF emitted from
mobile phones could disrupt the function of the HPT axis and lead to
thyroid insufficiency. In addition, EMF could lead to hyperstimulation
of thyroid gland follicles, causing oxidative stress and apoptosis of
follicular cells. Most studies revealed a proportional correlation
between thyroid gland dysfunction and the exposure duration, intensity,
and SAR value of radiation. Moreover, non-ionizing radiation was seen to
be significantly associated with histopathological changes in the
thyroid gland follicles. The exposure duration and intensity also
determined the degree of morphological damage occurring in the thyroid
gland tissue. Non-ionizing EMF radiation might be responsible for the
recent increase in the incidence of thyroid insufficiency and cancer in
the general population. However, not enough data was found related to
thyroid cancer risk with non-ionizing radiation exposure. Keeping in
mind the ethical considerations, we recommend future observational
studies be conducted on human beings to further explore the association
of non-ionizing radiation emitted from mobile phones on the thyroid
gland's hormones, histopathology, and cancers over the long term.
</div><div><br /></div><div>Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451508/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451508/</a></div><div><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">--</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><b>Jan 1, 2021</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">A new review of the research has found that cell phone radiation adversely affects cells in the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones. The study was published in the journal, <b><i>Environmental Science and Pollution Research International</i></b> by Jafar Asl and colleagues.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">The findings from this study support the findings from two recent human studies. Ermioni <a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2014/06/joint-statement-on-pregnancy-and.html">Tsarna and colleagues</a> recently found in a cohort study that cell phone use during pregnancy increased the risk of preterm birth.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">Jiajun Luo and colleagues found in a case-control study that heavy cell phone use increases the risk of thyroid cancer. In a followup study, the researchers found that </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">genetic susceptibilities modify the associations between cell phone use and risk of thyroid cancer (see below).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><b>Adverse Effects of Cell Phone Radiation </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><b>on the Thyroid Gland: Research Review</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br />Asl
JF, Larijani B, Zakerkish M, Rahim F, Shirbandi K, Akbari R.
The possible global hazard of cell phone radiation on thyroid cells and
hormones: a systematic review of evidences. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Published online May 6, 2019. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05096-z.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />The aim of this review was to investigate the
effects of possible harmful waves from either cell phone use or being
within the range of the cell phone from 450 to 3800 MHz on the thyroid
cells and hormones. Eight electronic datasets were systematically
searched using MeSH terms, including "cell phone," "mobile phone,"
"GSM," "radio frequency," "smartphone," "triiodothyronine," "thyroxin,"
"thyroid-stimulating hormone," "T3," "T4," "TSH," and "morphological"
and all possible combinations, to identify relevant studies published up
to Dec 2018. We also manually searched the reference lists of
potentially selected studies to identify further relevant publications.
About 161 relevant studies were initially found. After screening titles
and abstracts, 139 studies were excluded, and finally 22 studies
(comprising 7182 cases) were included in the qualitative synthesis. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Of
the 22 included studies, 11 studies reported changes in T3 and T4 levels
(six reported a decrease in T3 levels and one reported increase in it);
moreover, five found decreased T4 levels and two studies an increased
level. In other 10 studies, TSH alteration was reported. Of these, two
studies reported a decrease in TSH level and one reported an increase in
the hormone levels, while in the remaining studies non-significant
changes were reported. Finally, seven studies examined histological
changes in the thyroid gland follicles and showed that the volume of
these cells was reduced. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Based on the evidence discussed above, the
reduction in diameter of thyroid follicles is potentially linked with
cell phone radiation. Exposure may negatively influence the iodine
uptake in the thyroid gland or increases temperature effect on the
thyroid gland. However, further research are needed in order to show
that the level of TSH and thyroid hormone suppression by microwave.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31062236" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31062236</a>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br />The range of SAR [Specific Absorption Rate]
reported in this study was 0.082–4.6 W/kg. Silva et al. stated that RFE
[radio frequency energy] exposure conditions have no potential
carcinogenic effect on thyroid cells with 0.082–0.170 (W/kg) SAR (Silva
et al. 2016). It is expected that reducing this factor will reduce the
risk of cell phone waves, but Bhargav et al. show that thyroid gland
hormones are significantly lesser after RF-EMF with 0.54 W/kg SAR
exposure compared to sham (Bergamaschi et al. 2004), and other studies
show contradictory results about the role of SAR and hormonal effects.
Despite the fact that SAR is a very important criterion for judging the
highest energy of a radio signal released from a source of a particular
model of a mobile phone, it alone cannot provide enough information to
compare the amount of radio signal released by different phones to
users.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">... epidemiological evidences have revealed
that even a relatively slight decrease in T4 levels during pregnancy may
lead to decrease of cognitive functions in offspring (Haddow et al.
1999; Pop et al. 2003). In this regard, Eşmekaya et al. stated that cell
phone has the potential to cause pathological consequences in the
thyroid gland via changing organ structure, as well as increasing the
activity of caspase-dependent pathways related to apoptosis (Esmekaya et
al. 2010). Silva et al. show the exposure to RFE seems to have no
possible oncogenic consequence on human thyroid cells (Silva et al.
2016). Nonetheless, it is quite difficult to perform a study exploring
the impacts of EMFs on a fetus or child due to ethical concerns (Sangun
et al. 2015).
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions and future perspective</span></span><br />
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<span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">Tissue heating may be usually linked to nonspecific stress reaction induced by
microwave exposure. Exposure negatively influences the iodine uptake in
the thyroid gland, or may influence with increased temperature effect
on the thyroid gland. However, with the advent of new generations of
communications like the 5 G, further research are needed in order to
show the level of TSH and thyroid hormone suppression by microwave.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Heavy Cell Phone Use Linked to Thyroid Cancer</span></b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><b>Dec 11, 2019</b><br /><br /><b>Genetic susceptibility may modify the association between cell phone use and thyroid cancer: A population-based case-control study in Connecticut</b><br /><br />Luo J, Li H, Deziel NC, Huang H, Zhao N, Ma S, Nie X, Udelsman R, Zhang Y. Genetic susceptibility may modify the association between cell phone use and thyroid cancer: A population-based case-control study in Connecticut. Environmental Research. </span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">2020 Mar;182:109013. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109013. Epub 2019 Dec 6.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Highlights<br /><br />• The interaction between cell phone use and genetic variants on thyroid cancer was investigated in this study.<br />• When some genetic variants were present, cell phone use was significantly associated with thyroid cancer.<br />• The association increased when cell phone use duration and frequency increased.<br />• Genetic susceptibility may modify the association between cell phone use and thyroid cancer.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Emerging studies have provided evidence on the carcinogenicity of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) from cell phones. This study aims to test the genetic susceptibility on the association between cell phone use and thyroid cancer. Population-based case-control study was conducted in Connecticut between 2010 and 2011 including 440 thyroid cancer cases and 465 population-based controls with genotyping information for 823 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 176 DNA genes. We used multivariate unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the genotype-environment interaction between each SNP and cell phone use and to estimate the association with cell phone use in populations according to SNP variants. Ten SNPs had P < 0.01 for interaction in all thyroid cancers. In the common homozygote groups, no association with cell phone use was observed. In the variant group (heterozygotes and rare homozygotes), cell phone use was associated with an increased risk for rs11070256 (odds ratio (OR): 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–4.30), rs1695147 (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.30–4.90), rs6732673 (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.01–2.49), rs396746 (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.13–5.65), rs12204529 (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.33–5.17), and rs3800537 (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.30–5.36) with thyroid cancers. In small tumors, increased risk was observed for 5 SNPs (rs1063639, rs1695147, rs11070256, rs12204529 and rs3800537), In large tumors, increased risk was observed for 3 SNPs (rs11070256, rs1695147, and rs396746). Our result suggests that genetic susceptibilities modify the associations between cell phone use and risk of thyroid cancer. The findings provide more evidence for RFR carcinogenic group classification.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><br /><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935119308102" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935119308102</a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Also see: Yale University. Thyroid cancer, genetic variations and cell phones linked in study. Medical Xpress. Jan 28, 2020. </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-01-thyroid-cancer-genetic-variations-cell.html&source=gmail&ust=1580339170667000&usg=AFQjCNEWSkahOQeR4fE5zWanA8leD_fxug" href="https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-01-thyroid-cancer-genetic-variations-cell.html" target="_blank">https://medicalxpress.com/<wbr></wbr>news/2020-01-thyroid-cancer-<wbr></wbr>genetic-variations-cell.html</a></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Nov 13, 2008</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The first case-control study examining the association between cell phone use and thyroid cancer found </span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">elevated risks of thyroid cancer among heavier, long-term cell phone users.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">At greater risk of thyroid cancer were individuals who used a cell phone for more than 15 years, for more than two hours per day, or for a greater number of lifetime hours. Also, those who made the most cell phone calls in their lifetime were at increased risk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Men who used cell phones for more than 15 years had over twice the risk of thyroid cancer as compared to non-cell phone users after controlling for other factors. Women who used cell phones for more than two hours per day had a 52% greater risk of thyroid cancer as compared to non-cell phone users.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Although the key findings in this study were of borderline statistical significance, this may be due to the relatively small sample size, especially for males. </span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The study included 462 histologically-confirmed thyroid cancer cases and 498 population-based controls. Also, </span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">the study did not control for cordless phone use which may be a risk factor for thyroid cancer.</span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The study, published online in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Annals of Epidemiology </i>on October 29, was conducted by researchers from the Yale School of Medicine and the Connecticut Health Department.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">The authors recommended more research since the results from this study may not be generalizable to current cell phone users due to changing technology and patterns of use (e.g., hands-free use, texting). The authors noted that smart phones were not in common use during the period prior to 2010-2011 when the data for this study were collected. </span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The majority of study participants did not start using cell phones until age 21. Future research should determine if age of first cell phone use is associated with greater thyroid cancer risk.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The authors reported that thyroid cancer is the fastest growing cancer in the U.S. Incidence has nearly tripled since the 1980’s from four per 100,000 in 1980 to fifteen per 100,000 in 2014 making this the fifth most common cancer among women in the country. Although over-diagnosis is believed to account for about half of this increase, the remainder is likely due to changing environmental and lifestyle factors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><a href="https://publichealth.yale.edu/people/yawei_zhang.profile" target="_blank">Yawei Zhang</a></span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">, MD, PhD, of the Yale School of Medicine and Cancer Center was the senior author of this paper. The research was supported by the American Cancer Society, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">My comments</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates that 53,990 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in 2018 making this the 12th most common cancer in the U.S. Rates for new thyroid cancer cases have increased 3.1% per year over the last ten years (on average) based upon an analysis of data from the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 (SEER-9) cancer registry program.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Since smart phones are more likely to have cell antennas located in the bottom of the phones than earlier cell phone models, the peak radiation exposure from a smart phone is more likely in the neck than in the brain. Hence, I would hypothesize that the association between cell phone use and thyroid cancer has increased in recent years. The switch from “candy bar" and flip phones to smart phones could explain upward trends over time in thyroid cancer incidence and relatively flat trends in brain cancer observed in some countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Luo J, Deziel NC, Huang H, Chen Y, Ni X, Ma S, Udelsman R, Zhang Y. Cell phone use and risk of thyroid cancer: a population-based case-control study in Connecticut</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">. </span><span role="menubar">Ann Epidemiol.</span> 2018 Oct 29. pii: S1047-2797(18)30284-9. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.004</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Purpose. This study aims to investigate the association between cell phone use and thyroid cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Methods. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Connecticut between 2010 and 2011 including 462 histologically confirmed thyroid cancer cases and 498 population-based controls. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between cell phone use and thyroid cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Results. Cell phone use was not associated with thyroid cancer (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.74-1.48). A suggestive increase in risk of thyroid microcarcinoma (tumor size ≤10mm) was observed for long-term and more frequent users. Compared to cell phone non-users, several groups had non-statistically significantly increased risk of thyroid microcarcinoma: individuals who had used a cell phone >15 years (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.83-2.00), who had used a cell phone >2 hours per day (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.83-2.35), who had the most cumulative use hours (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 0.98-2.54), and who had the most cumulative calls (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.78-1.84).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conclusion. This study found no significant association between cell phone use and thyroid cancer. A suggestive elevated risk of thyroid microcarcinoma associated with long-term and more frequent uses warrants further investigation.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344271/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6344271/</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Siegel D, Li J, Henley SJ, Wilson R, Lunsford RB, Tai E, Van Dyne E. Incidence Rates and Trends of Pediatric Cancer United States 2001–2014. Poster presentation at the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Conference, Pittsburgh, PA. May 2-5, 2018.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States</span></i><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Overview: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evaluated cancer registry data from 48 states and found that the incidence of thyroid cancer among individuals less than 20 years of age increased 4.8% per year (on average) from 2001-2014. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Background: </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Cancer is one of the leading disease-related causes of death among individuals less than 20 years of age in the United States. Recent evaluations of national trends of pediatric cancer used data from before 2010, or covered less than or equal to 28% of the US population.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Objectives: </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">This study describes pediatric cancer incidence rates and trends by using the most recent and comprehensive cancer registry data available in the US.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Design/Method: </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Data from US Cancer Statistics were used to evaluate cancer incidence rates and trends among individuals aged <20 years during 2001–2014. Data were from 48 states and covered 98% of the US population. We assessed trends by calculating average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates using joinpoint regression. Rates and trends were stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, US Census region, county-based economic status, and county-based rural/urban classification, and cancer type, as grouped by the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Results: </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">We identified 196,200 cases of pediatric cancer during 2001–2014. The overall cancer incidence rate was 173.0 per 1 million; incidence rates were highest for leukemia (45.6), brain tumors (30.8), and lymphoma (26.0). Rates were highest among males, aged 0–4 years, non-Hispanic whites, the Northeast US Census region, the top 25% of counties by economic status, and metropolitan counties. The overall pediatric cancer incidence rate increased (AAPC=0.7, 95% CI, 0.5–0.8) during 2001–2014 and contained no joinpoints. Rates increased in each stratum of sex, age, race/ethnicity (except non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native), region, economic status, and rural/urban classification.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Rates</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"> were stable for most individual cancer types, but increased for non-Hodgkin lymphomas except Burkitt lymphoma (ICCC group II(b), AAPC=1.2, 95% CI, 0.4–2.0), central nervous system neoplasms (group III, AAPC=0.4, 95% </span><span color="windowtext" face=""arial" , sans-serif">CI, 0.1–0.8)</span><span color="windowtext" face=""arial" , sans-serif">, renal tumors (group VI, AAPC=0.6, 95% CI, 0.1–1.1), hepatic tumors (group VII, AAPC=2.5, 95% CI, 1.0–4.0), and<b> thyroid carcinomas (group XI(b), AAPC=4.8, 95% CI, 4.2–5.5)</b>. Rates of malignant melanoma decreased (group XI (d), AAPC=-2.6, 95% CI, -4.7– -0.4).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span color="windowtext" face=""arial" , sans-serif">Conclusion: </span></b><span color="windowtext" face=""arial" , sans-serif">This study documents increased rates of pediatric cancer during 2001–2014, in each of the demographic variables examined. Increased overall rates of hepatic cancer and decreased rates of melanoma are novel findings using data since 2010. Next steps in addressing changing rates could include investigation of diagnostic and reporting standards, host biologic factors, environmental exposures, or potential interventions for reducing cancer risk. Increasing pediatric cancer incidence rates may necessitate changes related to treatment and survivorship care capacity.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://aspho.org/uploads/meetings/2018annualmeeting/Abstracts_for_Website.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">http://aspho.org/uploads/meetings/2018annualmeeting/Abstracts_for_Website.pdf</span></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dec 26, 2017</span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Trends
in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States, 1974-2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">H Lim, SS Devesa, JA Sosa,et al D Check,CM Kitahara, Trends
in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States, 1974-2013. JAMA.
Published online March 31, 2017. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.2719<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Points <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Question:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
What have been the trends in US thyroid cancer incidence and mortality, and
have they differed by tumor characteristics at diagnosis?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Findings:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> In this analysis of 77,276 thyroid cancer patients diagnosed during 1974-2013
and of 2,371 thyroid cancer deaths during 1994-2013, average annual increases
in incidence and mortality rates, respectively, were 3.6% and 1.1% overall and
2.4% and 2.9% for patients diagnosed with advanced-stage papillary thyroid
cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meaning:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased for patients
diagnosed with advanced-stage papillary thyroid cancer in the United States
since 1974, suggesting a true increase in the occurrence of thyroid cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abstract <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Importance:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Thyroid cancer incidence has increased substantially in the United States over
the last 4 decades, driven largely by increases in papillary thyroid cancer. It
is unclear whether the increasing incidence of papillary thyroid cancer has
been related to thyroid cancer mortality trends.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Objective:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
To compare trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality by tumor
characteristics at diagnosis.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Design, Setting, and Participants:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Trends in thyroid cancer incidence and incidence-based mortality rates were
evaluated using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9
(SEER-9) cancer registry program, and annual percent change in rates was
calculated using log-linear regression.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Exposure:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Tumor characteristics.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Main Outcomes and Measures:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Annual percent changes in age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence and
incidence-based mortality rates by histologic type and SEER stage for cases
diagnosed during 1974-2013.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Results:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Among 77, 276 patients (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 48 [16] years; 58 213 [75%]
women) diagnosed with thyroid cancer from 1974-2013, papillary thyroid cancer
was the most common histologic type (64 625 cases), and 2371 deaths from
thyroid cancer occurred during 1994-2013. Thyroid cancer incidence increased,
on average, 3.6% per year (95% CI, 3.2%-3.9%) during 1974-2013 (from 4.56 per
100 000 person-years in 1974-1977 to 14.42 per 100 000 person-years in
2010-2013), primarily related to increases in papillary thyroid cancer (annual
percent change, 4.4% [95% CI, 4.0%-4.7%]). Papillary thyroid cancer incidence
increased for all SEER stages at diagnosis (4.6% per year for localized, 4.3%
per year for regional, 2.4% per year for distant, 1.8% per year for unknown).
During 1994-2013, incidence-based mortality increased 1.1% per year (95% CI,
0.6%-1.6%) (from 0.40 per 100 000 person-years in 1994-1997 to 0.46 per 100 000
person-years in 2010-2013) overall and 2.9% per year (95% CI, 1.1%-4.7%) for
SEER distant stage papillary thyroid cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conclusions and Relevance: </span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Among patients in the United States diagnosed with thyroid cancer from
1974-2013, the overall incidence of thyroid cancer increased 3% annually, with
increases in the incidence rate and thyroid cancer mortality rate for
advanced-stage papillary thyroid cancer. <b>These findings are consistent with a
true increase in the occurrence of thyroid cancer in the United States.</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTq3_D9h28xEeAdSkk9yXvDfXyY0E3cXoLjwab0U7rL22nAoiB-kQwhp49TLTbJymDp2w7YHW6EHnjVRlDU9jeKZe4NddVDvobbGyr-EURMIQSkW3dSLSWX8dhITHwndVZ0gQXxyVbhhA/s1600/thyroid+cancer+incidence+US+trend.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="536" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTq3_D9h28xEeAdSkk9yXvDfXyY0E3cXoLjwab0U7rL22nAoiB-kQwhp49TLTbJymDp2w7YHW6EHnjVRlDU9jeKZe4NddVDvobbGyr-EURMIQSkW3dSLSWX8dhITHwndVZ0gQXxyVbhhA/s640/thyroid+cancer+incidence+US+trend.png" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2613728" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2613728</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><o:p></o:p><b>--</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Is the Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the Nordic Countries Caused by Use of Mobile Phones?</b><br /><br /></span><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Michael Carlberg, Tarmo Koppel, Lena K. Hedendahl, Lennart Hardell. Is the Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the Nordic Countries Caused by Use of Mobile Phones? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(23), 9129; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239129. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(23). 7 December 2020. doi:<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/9129/htm#">10.3390/ijerph17239129</a>.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract<br /><br /></span><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at the World Health Organization (WHO) categorized in 2011 radiofrequency (RF) as a possible human carcinogen, Group 2B. During use of the handheld wireless phone, especially the smartphone, the thyroid gland is a target organ. During the 21st century, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in many countries. We used the Swedish Cancer Register to study trends from 1970 to 2017. During that time period, the incidence increased statistically significantly in women with average annual percentage change (AAPC) +2.13%, 95% confidence interval (CI) +1.43, +2.83%. The increase was especially pronounced during 2010–2017 with annual percentage change (APC) +9.65%, 95% CI +6.68, +12.71%. In men, AAPC increased during 1970–2017 with +1.49%, 95% CI +0.71, +2.28%. Highest increase was found for the time period 2001–2017 with APC +5.26%, 95% CI +4.05, +6.49%. Similar results were found for all Nordic countries based on NORDCAN 1970–2016 with APC +5.83%, 95% CI +4.56, +7.12 in women from 2006 to 2016 and APC + 5.48%, 95% CI +3.92, +7.06% in men from 2005 to 2016. According to the Swedish Cancer Register, the increasing incidence was similar for tumors ≤4 cm as for tumors >4 cm, indicating that the increase cannot be explained by overdiagnosis. These results are in agreement with recent results on increased thyroid cancer risk associated with the use of mobile phones. We postulate that RF radiation is a causative factor for the increasing thyroid cancer incidence.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusions</span><div class="gmail-html-p"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-html-p"><span style="font-family: arial;">Thyroid cancer incidence has been steeply increasing in Sweden and all Nordic countries during the 21st century. Use of the handheld mobile phone is increasing, in particular, the smartphone gives high RF radiation exposure to the thyroid gland. It is postulated that this might be a causative factor for the increasing incidence supported by human epidemiology that has shown an association between mobile phone use and thyroid cancer.</span></div></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <b><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/9129/htm" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/9129/htm</a></b></span></div></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>--</b></span></div>
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<b>Korea's <span class="il">Thyroid</span>-Cancer “Epidemic” — Screening and Overdiagnosis (and wireless phone use?)</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>November 5, 2014</b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b>According to today's issue of the <i><b>New England Journal of Medicine</b></i>, South Korea has experienced a <span class="il">thyroid</span> cancer epidemic in recent years (see paper and Figure below). </span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"<span class="il">Thyroid</span> cancer is now the most common type of cancer diagnosed in South Korea."</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The
authors of this paper attribute the "epidemic" to a
government-sponsored cancer screening program. As evidence, they report,
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> "There was a strong correlation between the proportion of the population
screened in a region in 2008 and 2009 and the regional incidence of
<span class="il">thyroid</span> cancer in 2009. Although the aggregate correlation could be
vulnerable to the ecologic fallacy, the finding of significant positive
correlations in each of eight age- and sex-based groups suggests that
the finding is more robust."</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">That widespread screening
identifies more cancer is not surprising. This could at least partly
explain the increasing incidence of <span class="il">thyroid</span> cancer observed in South Korea, and nine other countries including the U.S.<br /><br />The
authors argue that most of these cancers are not life-threatening and
advise other countries against widespread screening for <span class="il">thyroid</span> cancer:</span><br />
</span><div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"The experience with <span class="il">thyroid</span>-cancer screening in South Korea should serve
as a cautionary tale for the rest of the world. During the past two
decades, multiple countries have had a substantial increase in
<span class="il">thyroid</span>-cancer incidence without a concomitant increase in mortality.
According to the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database maintained
by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the rate of
<span class="il">thyroid</span>-cancer detection has more than doubled in France, Italy,
Croatia, the Czech Republic, Israel, China, Australia, Canada, and the
United States. The South Korean experience suggests that these countries
are seeing just the tip of the <span class="il">thyroid</span>-cancer iceberg — and that if
they want to prevent their own “epidemic,” they will need to discourage
early <span class="il">thyroid</span>-cancer detection."</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />I'm not sure the answer is to simply ignore these cancers, but I don't want to address that debate here.<br /><br />Rather, I would like to focus on the question why has <span class="il">thyroid</span> cancer become so prevalent in at least ten nations? According to the <a href="http://www.cancer.org/cancer/thyroidcancer/detailedguide/thyroid-cancer-what-causes" target="_blank">American Cancer Society,</a> although some <span class="il">thyroid</span> cancers are linked to exposure to ionizing radiation, "the exact cause of most <span class="il">thyroid</span> cancers is not yet known." </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Could
exposure to the electromagnetic radiation (RF and ELF) emitted by cell
phones and cordless phones be contributing to this worldwide <span class="il">thyroid</span> cancer epidemic? Isn't time for our government to fund research on the risk factors underlying this epidemic?</span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Hyeong Sik Ahn, Hyun Jung Kim, H. Gilbert Welch. Korea's <span class="il">Thyroid</span>-Cancer “Epidemic” — Screening and Overdiagnosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1765-1767 <a href="http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/371/19/" target="_blank">November 6, 2014</a> DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1409841</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Is mobile phone use contributing to increased incidence of thyroid cancer?</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>July 9, 2014</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The incidence of thyroid cancer has been
increasing rapidly in recent years in many countries including the U.S.,
Canada, and Israel.<br />
<br />A headline in <i>Haaretz</i> a year ago March reads, "</span><b>Israeli scientists find possible link between cellphone use, thyroid cancer." </b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In response to questions posed to me on this topic today from several individuals, I did a PubMed search. Although I did not find any epidemiologic studies
that examined the association between mobile phone use and thyroid
cancer in humans, I found almost a dozen published papers that have studied the effects of cell phone radiation on thyroid function. Apparently, case-control research on this topic is warranted.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> The abstracts from 11 published papers that examined the effects of exposure to cell phone radiation on thyroid function appear
below. Please let me know if you are aware of important studies that I
missed, and I will supplement this list. I did not include studies that examined exposure to power frequency radiation.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">But first, here is the 2013 news article ...</span><br />
<br />
<b>Israeli scientists find possible link between cellphone use, thyroid cancer</b><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dan Even, Haaretz, Mar 6, 2013</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Israeli scientists have
reported preliminary findings of a possible link between the radiation
from cellphones and thyroid cancer. There has been a steep rise in rates
of thyroid cancer in recent years in Western countries.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Israeli research, conducted at Beilinson Hospital in Petah Tikva
and at Tel Aviv University, identified evidence for the first time of
the possible connection between the rise in thyroid cancer cases to the
increased exposure to radiation emitted by cellphones.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In one experiment, human thyroid cells collected from healthy
patients were subjected to radiation with a device, designed for the
study, that simulates the electromagnetic radiation emitted by
cellphones. The irradiated thyroid cells proliferated at a much higher,
statistically significant rate than non-irradiated cells in the control
group. A second experiment, using different methods and materials, gave
similar results.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The research was conducted in the Felsenstein Medical Research
Center, part of the Sackler Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University
and the Rabin Medical Center. Prof. Raphael Feinmesser, head of
Beilinson’s Ear, Nose and Throat Department was the lead researcher. The
findings will be presented for the first time this weekend at the
annual conference of the Israeli Society of Otolaryngology, Head and
Neck Surgery, in Eilat.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“The findings are the first evidence of changes in thyroid cells in
response to electromagnetic radiation,” said Feinmesser. “But drawing
sweeping conclusions as to a connection between cellphone radiation and
thyroid cancer is still far off.”</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The scientific community is divided as to the connection between
cellular radiation and cancer. One opinion is that because cellular
radiation is non-ionizing and incapable of causing changes in cellular
DNA, it cannot cause cancer. But in recent years evidence has mounted
from epidemiological studies indicating a relationship between increased
exposure to cellular radiation and cancerous growths, especially in the
brain and the salivary glands.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“The thyroid gland is located in the neck, but the area is located
the same distance from the ear as the regions of the brain where
[cancerous] growths have been diagnosed as being related to the use of
the [cellular] devices. This is a region that is not far from the center
of the device’s radiation,” said Feinmesser.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The incidence of thyroid cancer has been on the rise in Israel for
more than a decade, which matches the rise in the use of cellphones.
Thyroid cancer is three times more common in women than men. It is the
fourth most common form of cancer among Jewish women in Israel, at 16.6
cases per 100,000 people. The three most common forms of cancer for
women are cancer of the breast, colon and cervix. Among Israeli Arab
women the rate of thyroid cancer is 11.6 cases per 100,000, and it is
the third most common cancer. From 1990 to 2007 there was a 67-percent
rise in thyroid cancer rates among Jewish women, and a 250 percent
increase among Arab women, Health Ministry figures show. For men, the
rise from 2000 is more moderate, but still shows a 41 percent increase
in thyroid cancer rates for Jewish men.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“One of the explanations is that the rise is related to better
technical methods of early detection of these growths, which have been
developed in recent years. But other research shows that even after
neutralizing this influence a rise in these growths still remains,” said
Feinmesser.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Just this week it was reported that mobile operator Partner
Communications (Orange ) reached a settlement with a customer who claims
he contracted cancer after using the company’s cellphones. The
customer, who is in his 50s, sued Partner in May, claiming that
intensive use of the device resulted in an aggressive lymphoma near his
left ear. Partner agreed to pay NIS 400,000 in an out-of-court
settlement.”</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://bit.ly/14rrWfA" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/14rrWfA</a><br />
<br />
</span><div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Recent Studies</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><b>Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on
thyroid glands and hormones in <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> brain</b></div><div><br /></div><div>
Zufry H, Rudijanto A, Soeatmadji DW, Sakti SP, Munadi K, Sujuti H,
Mintaroem K. Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on
thyroid glands and hormones in <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> brain: An
analysis of thyroid function, reactive oxygen species, and
monocarboxylate transporter 8. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023;14:63-8.</div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract</div><div><br /></div><div>
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of [GSM] mobile phone
electromagnetic radiation (MP-EMR) on the thyroid glands and hormones in
<i>Rattus norvegicus</i> brain in term of thyroid function, reactive
oxygen species (ROS), and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8)
concentration. Forty rats were divided into different groups: control
(without EMR exposure), EMR1 (120-min/day exposure), EMR2 (150-min), and
EMR3 (180-min). The levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and brain and MCT8
were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way analysis
of variance followed by the Duncan test was used to analyze the data.
Our data indicated that the levels of serum TSH and T<sub>4</sub> in all the EMR groups were lower significant postexposure compared to the control with <i>P</i> < 0.01 (EMR1 and EMR2) and <i>P</i>
< 0.001 (EMR3), suggesting hypothyroidism due to MP-EMR exposure.
Increased MDA and decreased MCT8 levels were also observed following the
intervention; however, the changes in both concentrations were notably
significant after being subjected to 150-min and 180-min of exposure. In
conclusion, a significant reduction in TSH, T<sub>4</sub>, and MCT8 levels indicated thyroid dysfunction due to MP-EMR exposure. <br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusions<br /></div><br />MP-EMR exposure at the frequency of 1800 MHz has caused significant changes in the levels of serum TSH, T4, MDA, and MCT8 concentration in the Wistar rats. The levels of TSH, T4, and MCT8 decreased in a direct proportion to the EMR exposure duration, whereas MDA levels increased along with the increase of exposure period (after 150-min and 180-min exposure). These suggest that MP exposure could affect thyroid either directly or indirectly via HPT axis.<div><br /></div><div>Open access paper: <a href="https://www.japtr.org/temp/JAdvPharmTechRes14263-7004769_192727.pdf">https://www.japtr.org/temp/JAdvPharmTechRes14263-7004769_192727.pdf</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div dir="ltr">E López-Martín, F J Jorge-Barreiro, J L Relova-Quintero, A A Salas-Sánchez, F J Ares-Pena.
Exposure to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency modulates calcitonin-dependent activity and HSP-90 protein in parafollicular cells of rat thyroid gland.
Tissue Cell. 2020 Dec 26;68:101478. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101478.
<br /></div><div dir="ltr"></div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr">Highlights<div class="gmail-abstract gmail-author-highlights" id="gmail-abs0010"><div id="gmail-abst0010"><dl class="gmail-list"><dt class="gmail-list-label">• Non-ionizing radiation could constitute a toxic environment, altering the morphology and functioning of parafollicular cells.</dt><dt class="gmail-list-label">• EMFs activate stress stimuli in the thyroid gland, which is associated with C-cell hyperplasia.</dt><dt class="gmail-list-label">• Non-ionizing radiation modulates expression of Heat Shock Protein 90 in calcitonin-positive cells.</dt></dl></div></div>
</div><div dir="ltr">Abstract<br /><br />In this study we analyzed the response of parafollicular cells in rat thyroid gland after exposure to radiofrequency at 2.45 GHz using a subthermal experimental diathermy model. Forty-two Sprague Dawley rats, divided into two groups of 21 rats each, were individually exposed at 0 (control), 3 or 12 W in a Gigahertz Transverse Electro-Magnetic (GTEM) chamber for 30 min. After radiation, we used simple or fluorescence immunohistochemistry to measure calcitonin cells or cellular stress levels, indicated by the presence hyperplasia of parafollicular cells, heat shock protein (HSP) 90. Immunomarking of calcitonin-positive cells was statistically significant higher in the thyroid tissue of rats exposed to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency and cell hyperplasia appeared 90 min after radiation at the SAR levels studied. At the same time, co-localized expression of HSP-90 and calcitonin in parafollicular cells was statistically significant attenuated 90 min after radiation and remained statistically significantly low 24 h after radiation, even though parafollicular cell levels normalized. These facts indicate that subthermal radiofrequency (RF) at 2.45 GHz constitutes a negative external stress stimulus that alters the activity and homeostasis of parafollicular cells in the rat thyroid gland. However, further research is needed to determine if there is toxic action in human C cells.</div><div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33373917/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33373917/</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>--<br />
</span><div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Noha I Hussien, Ayman M Mousa, Abeer A Shoman.
Decreased Level of Plasma nesfatin-1 in Rats Exposed to Cell Phone Radiation Is Correlated With Thyroid Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis
Arch Physiol Biochem. 2020 Jun 17;1-7. doi: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1778037.
<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Context: Exposure to Electomagnetic radiation fields of cell phones causes thyroid dysfunction and a previous study revealed that nesfatin-1 may affect functions of the thyroid gland.</span></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Objective: To study the role of nesfatin-1 on functions of rat's thyroid gland exposed to EMRF.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Materials and methods: Thirty adult male rats were divided equally into 3 groups as group I, group II and group III. The experiment extended for 30 days then the plasma nesfatin-1 level, thyroid functions, and thyroid tissue oxidative stress were assessed. Also; histological and immunohistochemical study studies were done to evaluate structural and apoptotic changes of the thyroid gland.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Results: There was a significant decrease in plasma nesfatin-1 level and thyroid functions with an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, there was a correlation between nesfatin-1 level and markers of thyroid function, oxidative stress and apoptosis.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion: Nesfatin-1 plays a role in thyroid dysfunctions of rats exposed to mobile phone radiation.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32552170/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32552170/</a></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
--<br />
<br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Cheng Y, Fu M.
Dielectric Properties for Differentiating Normal and Malignant Thyroid Tissues.
Med Sci Monit. 2018 Mar 2;24:1276-1281.<br />
</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Abstract<br /><br />BACKGROUND The incidence rate of thyroid cancer has increased greatly during the last few decades, and highly sensitive and specific methods for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation remain lacking. In this study, we investigated a novel approach based on microwave theory to detect thyroid cancer. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">MATERIAL AND METHODS Freshly excised thyroid tissues (n=236) from 48 patients were identified as normal or malignant using histology. Each sample was measured for effective dielectric permittivity and effective conductivity (0.5-8 GHz). The means of each of these parameters of the normal and malignant groups were compared. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">RESULTS The effective dielectric permittivities of normal and malignant thyroid tissues were 24.026±1.951 to 17.950±1.648 and 69.782±2.734 to 57.356±1.802, respectively. Also, as a function of frequency, the effective conductivities of normal and malignant thyroid cancer were 0.8395±0.2013 to 1.8730±0.0979 and 1.8960±0.5024 to 9.7461±0.9349 (S/m), respectively. The mean effective dielectric permittivities and effective conductivities of normal thyroid tissues were significantly lower than that of thyroid cancer tissues. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">CONCLUSIONS Measuring the effective dielectric permittivity and effective conductivity of excised thyroid tissues may be a new and viable method to determine malignancy in thyroid cancer.<br /><br />Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5844190/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5844190/</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Baby NM, Koshy G, Mathew A. The effect of electromagnetic radiation due to mobile phone use on thyroid function in medical students studying in a medical college in South India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Nov-Dec;21(6):797-802.<br /><b><br />Abstract</b><br /><br />Background: Enormous increase in mobile phone use throughout the world raises widespread concerns about its possible detrimental effect on human health. Radiofrequency waves are emitted by cell phones. They are non-ionising and the effect on the thyroid gland is part of their non thermal effects. The thyroid gland may be particularly vulnerable to this effect because of its normal anatomical position.<br /><br />Materials and Methods: The study was done to explore the association between radiation exposure and thyroid dysfunction among mobile phone users. It had an exploratory design and unit survey method to collect information from all medical students in a medical college in South India. Inclusion criteria included active use of mobile phone prior to and during the study period. Criteria for exclusion was presence of pre-existsting thyroid disease,thyroid nodule,thyroid goitre/nodule and altered thyroid function.<br /><br />Results: The sample size was 83 undergraduate students. 71% of respondents had no family history of thyroid illness. Among the remainder,20.5% had a first degree relative with thyroid dysfunction,8.4% had a second degree relative affected. Clinical examination revealed that 79.5% of the respondents were normal,13.6% had thyroid swelling,3.6% had symptoms of thyroid dysfunction and 3.6% had both thyroid swelling and symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. 53% of the respondents spent 0.5 hrs on an average talking on the phone daily,28.9% spent 1.5 hrs daily and 10.8% of respondents spent over 3.5 hours. We found there was a significant correlation between total radiation exposure and an increase in TSH among both groups -in those with and without family history of thyroid illness.<br /><br />Conclusion: In our study there was a significant correlation between total radiation exposure and increasing TSH values among both all respondents.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5729662/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5729662/</a></span><br />
<br />
--</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Silva
V, Hilly O, Strenov Y, Tzabari C, Hauptman Y, Feinmesser R. Effect of
cell phone-like electromagnetic radiation on primary human thyroid
cells. Int J Radiat Biol. 2016;92(2):107-15. Epub 2015 Dec 21.<br /><br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />PURPOSE:
To evaluate the potential carcinogenic effects of radiofrequency energy
(RFE) emitted by cell phones on human thyroid primary cells.<br /><br />MATERIALS
AND METHODS: Primary thyroid cell culture was prepared from normal
thyroid tissue obtained from patients who underwent surgery at our
department. Subconfluent thyroid cells were irradiated under different
conditions inside a cell incubator using a device that simulates cell
phone-RFE. Proliferation of control and irradiated cells was assessed by
the immunohistochemical staining of antigen Kiel clone-67 (Ki-67) and
tumor suppressor p53 (p53) expression. DNA ploidy and the stress
biomarkers heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and reactive oxygen species
(ROS) was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).<br /><br />RESULTS:
Our cells highly expressed thyroglobulin (Tg) and sodium-iodide
symporter (NIS) confirming the origin of the tissue. None of the
irradiation conditions evaluated here had an effect neither on the
proliferation marker Ki-67 nor on p53 expression. DNA ploidy was also
not affected by RFE, as well as the expression of the biomarkers HSP70
and ROS.<br /><br />CONCLUSION: Our conditions of RFE exposure seem to have
no potential carcinogenic effect on human thyroid cells. Moreover,
common biomarkers usually associated to environmental stress also
remained unchanged. We failed to find an association between cell
phone-RFE and thyroid cancer. Additional studies are recommended.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_1772819266"><br /></a></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26689947" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26689947</a></span><br />
<br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Note: This study did not expose the cell samples to cell phone radiation. The RFE exposure in this simulation did not resemble cell phone radiation.</span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Subconfluent thyroid cells were irradiated ... </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">using a device consisting of a Radio Frequency (RF) generator (Fluke
60602A, manufactured by Fluke, Everett, WA) and an RF power amplifier
(EMPower 7044, Holbrook, NY). The RF generator, located outside the
incubator, was set to the desired power and connected to the power
amplifier, which was connected to a panel antenna that was fixed inside
the incubator."</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"... an antenna was placed inside the cell incubator and set at 900 or 895 MHz and 80 or 210 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> to simulate the radiation emitted by mobile phones."</span></blockquote>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">International Agency for Research on Cancer. Overdiagnosis is a major driver of the thyroid cancer epidemic: Up to 50-90% of thyroid cancers in women in high-income countries estimated to be overdiagnoses. Press Release No. 246. August 18, 2016. </span><span style="text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr246_E.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr246_E.pdf</a></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lu M, W XY. Study of specific absorption rate (SAR) induced
in human endocrine glands for using mobile phones. IEEE Asia-Pacific
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), 2016.:
1084-1086. (Journal not peer-reviewed)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;">With the quick development and widespread use of mobile
phones has led to a rising concern about the possible adverse health effects of
radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. This study aims to present the
dosimetry analysis of the electromagnetic fields induced by mobile phone on
human endocrine glands. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was employed
to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in a realistic human head-neck
model from exposure to a generic handset at 1750 MHz. The results show that the
locally induced SAR in thyroid gland is much larger than that in both
hypophysis and hypothalamus glands. The induced SAR in thyroid for the mobile
in short message service (SMS) position is much larger than that in the voice
position. However, in all of the examined cases, the SAR values in endocrine
glands are all below the IEEE safety standard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In this work, SAR depositions in realistic human endocrine
glands have been analysed when they were exposed to the electromagnetic
radiation from a mobile phone. It was found the induced SAR in thyroid gland is
much larger than that in hypophysis and hypothalamus glands when the mobile was
placed in both voice and SMS positions. Although the induced SAR in the human
endocrine glands are below the IEEE safety standard, long-term use of mobile
with the higher level SAR absorption in thyroid gland may be a risk factor
associated with several thyroid disorders.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7522951" target="_blank">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7522951</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Carlberg M, Hedendahl L, Ahonen, Koppel T, Hardell L. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries with main focus on Swedish data. BMC Cancer. 16:246. 2016.</span><br />
<b><b><br /></b></b>
<b><b>Abstract</b></b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Background: Radiofrequency radiation in the frequency range 30 kHz–300 GHz was evaluated to be Group 2B, i.e. ‘possibly’ carcinogenic to humans, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at WHO in May 2011. Among the evaluated devices were mobile and cordless phones, since they emit radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). In addition to the brain, another organ, the thyroid gland, also receives high exposure. The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in many countries, especially the papillary type that is the most radiosensitive type.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">M</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ethods: We used the Swedish Cancer Register to study the incidence of thyroid cancer during 1970–2013 using joinpoint regression analysis.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Results: In women, the incidence increased statistically significantly during the whole study period; average annual percentage change (AAPC) +1.19 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) +0.56, +1.83 %). Two joinpoints were detected, 1979 and 2001, with a high increase of the incidence during the last period 2001–2013 with an annual percentage change (APC) of +5.34 % (95 % CI +3.93, +6.77 %). AAPC for all men during 1970–2013 was +0.77 % (95 % CI −0.03, +1.58 %). One joinpoint was detected in 2005 with a statistically significant increase in incidence during 2005–2013; APC +7.56 % (95 % CI +3.34, +11.96 %). Based on NORDCAN data, there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries during the same time period. In both women and men a joinpoint was detected in 2006. The incidence increased during 2006–2013 in women; APC +6.16 % (95 % CI +3.94, +8.42 %) and in men; APC +6.84 % (95 % CI +3.69, +10.08 %), thus showing similar results as the Swedish Cancer Register. Analyses based on data from the Cancer Register showed that the increasing trend in Sweden was mainly caused by thyroid cancer of the papillary type.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Conclusions: We postulate that the whole increase cannot be attributed to better diagnostic procedures. Increasing exposure to ionizing radiation, e.g. medical computed tomography (CT) scans, and to RF-EMF (non-ionizing radiation) should be further studied. The design of our study does not permit conclusions regarding causality.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper: </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2429-4" target="_blank">https://bmccancer.<wbr></wbr>biomedcentral.com/articles/10.<wbr></wbr>1186/s12885-016-2429-4</a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Silva
V, Hilly O, Strenov Y, Tzabari C, Hauptman Y, Feinmesser R. Effect of
cell phone-like electromagnetic radiation on primary human thyroid
cells. Int J Radiat Biol. 92(2):107-115. 2016.</span><br />
<br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>My comments: </b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The exposures in this study were very low as the maximum SAR was 0.170 W/kg. The exposures in the three experimental conditions ranged from 895 to 900 Mhz, 80 to 210 </span><i>μ</i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">W/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> power density, and 0.082 to 0.170 W/kg SAR. </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />Purpose: To evaluate the potential carcinogenic effects of radiofrequency energy
(RFE) emitted by cell phones on human thyroid primary cells. <br /><br />Materials
and methods: Primary thyroid cell culture was prepared from normal
thyroid tissue obtained from patients who underwent surgery at our
department. Subconfluent thyroid cells were irradiated under different
conditions inside a cell incubator using a device that simulates cell
phone-RFE. Proliferation of control and irradiated cells was assessed by
the immunohistochemical staining of antigen Kiel clone-67 (Ki-67) and
tumor suppressor p53 (p53) expression. DNA ploidy and the stress
biomarkers heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and reactive oxygen species
(ROS) was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). <br /><br />Results: Our cells highly expressed thyroglobulin (Tg) and sodium-iodide
symporter (NIS) confirming the origin of the tissue. None of the
irradiation conditions evaluated here had an effect neither on the
proliferation marker Ki-67 nor on p53 expression. DNA ploidy was also
not affected by RFE, as well as the expression of the biomarkers HSP70
and ROS. <br /><br />Conclusion: Our conditions of RFE exposure seem to have
no potential carcinogenic effect on human thyroid cells. Moreover,
common biomarkers usually associated to environmental stress also
remained unchanged. We failed to find an association between cell
phone-RFE and thyroid cancer. Additional studies are recommended.</span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Conclusions</b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">We
here report that different evaluated RFE exposure conditions have no
potential carcinogenic effect on thyroid cells. Proliferation and
cellular DNA integrity, two major players in cancer development and
progression were not affected in our conditions. Moreover, common
biomarkers that are usually associated with environmental stress also
remained unchanged after RFE irradiation. Among the limitations of our
work we consider that even though measurements of extremely low
frequency interference were considerably low, the stray magnetic fields
emitted by the instruments used in the study may have had a confounder
effect on our results. On the other hand, different conditions of time
and frequencies of exposure should be further explored in order to
completely cross out a deleterious effect of RFE on thyroid cells. In
summary, the increase of both, thyroid cancer and cellular phone use
calls the attention to further investigate the potential effects that
chronic use of mobile phones might have on the thyroid gland.</span></blockquote>
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26689947" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26689947</span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">H</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">illy O, Silva V, Mizrachi A, Ariel O, Raiter A, Hauptman Y, Hardy B, Feinmesser R. Effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation at mobile phone frequency on human thyroid cells. Abstract from World Thyroid Cancer Congress, Toronto, 2013.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
<br />Background/Purpose:
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of non-ionizing
electromagnetic radiation (NIER) at mobile phone frequency on human
thyroid cells.<br />
<br />Methods: We cultured samples of normal thyroid tissue and
subsequently exposed the cultured thyrocytes to NIER for 3 hours. NIER
effects were evaluated in terms of proliferation using a cell viability
assay and immunohistochemistry.<br />
<br />Results: We found that NIER exposure for 3 hours has lead to an
increased proliferation of thyrocytes in cell viability assay (p=0.007).
This result was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with antibodies
against Ki67.<br />
<br />Discussion & Conclusion: In this study we present for the first
time an in vitro evaluation of NIER effects on human thyroid cells. Our
results suggest a proliferative effect of NIER on human thyrocytes, an
effect that may link NIER exposure with potential carcinogenesis.<br />
<br /><a href="http://thyroidworldcongress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/O022_Mizrachi.pdf" target="_blank">http://thyroidworldcongress.<wbr></wbr>com/wp-content/uploads/2013/<wbr></wbr>07/O022_Mizrachi.pdf</a></span><br />
<br />
--<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Exposure to non-ionizing radiation provokes changes in rat thyroid morphology and expression of HSP-90</b><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Misa-Agustiño
MJ, Jorge-Mora T, Jorge-Barreiro FJ, Suarez-Quintanilla J,
Moreno-Piquero E, Ares-Pena FJ, López-Martín E. Exposure to non-ionizing
radiation provokes changes in rat thyroid morphology and expression of
HSP-90. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015 Feb 2.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />Non-ionizing radiation at
2.45 GHz may modify the morphology and expression of genes that codify
heat shock proteins (HSP) in the thyroid gland. Diathermy is the
therapeutic application of non-ionizing radiation to humans for its
beneficial effects in rheumatological and musculo-skeletal pain
processes. <br /><br />We used a diathermy model on laboratory rats
subjected to maximum exposure in the left front leg, in order to study
the effects of radiation on the nearby thyroid tissue. Fifty-six rats
were individually exposed once or repeatedly (10 times in two weeks) for
30 min to 2.45 GHz radiation in a commercial chamber at different
non-thermal specific absorption rates (SARs), which were calculated
using the finite difference time domain technique. We used
immunohistochemistry methods to study the expression of HSP-90 and
morphological changes in thyroid gland tissues. <br /><br />Ninety minutes
after radiation with the highest SAR, the central and peripheral
follicles presented increased size and the thickness of the peripheral
septa had decreased. Twenty-four hours after radiation, only peripheral
follicles radiated at 12 W were found to be smaller. Peripheral
follicles increased in size with repeated exposure at 3 W power. <br /><br />Morphological
changes in the thyroid tissue may indicate a glandular response to
acute or repeated stress from radiation in the
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Further research is needed to
determine if the effect of this physical agent over time may cause
disease in the human thyroid gland.</span></span></div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></b></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The
thyroid gland is one of the most superficial vital organs and possibly
more vulnerable to EMFs.7 Chronic exposure to microwaves at a RF of
2.45 GHz has been shown to significantly affect the
hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis, provoking changes in body
temperature, behavior, and thyroid hormone concentrations.8 Alterations
in human and animal levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and other
thyroid hormones have also been reported with chronic exposure to
frequencies used in mobile telephones, such as 900 MHz.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Heat
shock protein (HSP) 90 is a chaperone protein regulating several client
proteins involved in thyroid cancer development and the level of
expression is higher than in normal tissues. This chaperone has emerged
as an exciting target in the development of cancer
chemotherapeutics.11,12 Recently, we discovered that repeated, acute
subthermal radiation for 30 min at 2.45 GHz can alter cellular stress
levels in rat hypothalamus13 and thyroid gland,14 without initially
altering apoptotic capacity. Surprisingly, in spite of frequent direct
and indirect exposure to non-ionizing radiation in human environments
and indications that radiation provokes a degree of stress in thyroid
cells, there is very little research describing morphological changes
that point to precocious re-adjustments of the mammalian thyroid gland
after close-range exposure to non-ionizing radiation at 2.45 GHz.</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Group
A: single exposure and studied after 90 min (n = 18): The rats were
divided into three subgroups (n = 6); each rat was exposed to 30 mina of
microwave radiation at three levels: 0 (control), 3, and 12 W.b The
rats were kept alive for 90 minc and then euthanized and perfused with
fixative.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Group B: single exposure and studied after 24 h
(n = 18): The rats were divided into three subgroups (n = 6); each rat
was exposed to 30 min of microwave radiation at three levels: 0
(control), 3, and 12 W.b The rats were kept alive for 24 hc and then
euthanized and perfused with fixative.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Group C: repeated exposure
and studied after 90 min (n = 20): Rats in this group were irradiated
at 3 W for 30 min/day, for a total of 10 times in a two-week period. On
the last day of exposure, the rats were irradiated and after 90 min were
euthanized and perfused with fixative. They were then tested for HSP-90
expression. In the non-irradiated control group (n = 10), rats were
immobilized for each of the 10 sessions and euthanized on the last day,
following the same protocol as the irradiated animals.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">... we found that the interaction of non-ionizing
radiation at a frequency of 2.45 GHz caused
modifications in the morphology of the thyroid gland tissue and in the
distribution
of the constituent cellular stress protein known as
HSP-90. The morphology of the thyroid gland underwent the following
changes
due to radiation:<br />
</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The size of central and peripheral
follicles increased and the thickness of the peripheral septa decreased
90 min after single
exposure. After 24 h, central follicles had
decreased in size, but hypertrophy was still present in the peripheral
follicles
of thyroid gland exposed to the higher SAR
level.<br />
</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Repeated stimulus of the thyroid gland at the lower SAR level triggered adaptation and an increase in the size of peripheral
follicles.<br />
</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The observed localization of the
expression of this protein in the supportive tissue of the septa,
specifically in the fibers
and in the capsular and lobular membranes
suggests that this stress protein constitutes an important component of
glandular
architecture and is probably dedicated to
maintaining glandular structure and morphology. The distribution of
HSP-90 in thyroid
membranes and cells was diminished after
single (if the SAR and time after radiation increased) and repeated
exposure to radiation.<br />
</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Our work describes for the first time the
effects of single and repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz RF on the
morphology of Sprague-Dawley rat thyroid gland. Published studies to
date have described histopathological alterations in thyroid tissue of
experimental animals exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF) (50 Hz) or
in thyroid hormone levels in humans or animals exposed at ELF or RF.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">We chose to experimentally examine small animals at 2.45 GHz RF because of the wide range of potential applications, from
therapeutics to tissue diathermy (this frequency resonates with H<sub>2</sub>O, facilitating greater penetration) to telecommunications involving WIFI, UMTS, or Bluetooth. We used <b>subthermal SAR levels</b>
of 0.102 ± 12.10<sup>–3</sup> and 0.429 ± 12.10<sup>–3</sup>
W/kg at 2.45 GHz in the right front leg, near the thyroid, to ensure
that the non-ionizing radiation would not cause direct thermal effects
to the gland. Research of this type requires immobilization of the
animal, which itself has been found to generate a certain amount of
stress. It must also be noted that radiation can catalyze single or
repetitive activation of different neuron populations in rat
hypothalamus, which intervene in the HPT axis. We cannot therefore
assume that the effects of non-ionizing radiation to the thyroid are
limited to its tissues; it must be treated as part of a system with
multiple, interacting entry points. Other studies have described how
microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz affects brain physiopathology and
provokes changes in cerebral functioning and behavior. In the present
study, the thyroid system is directly or indirectly affected by
alterations in the HPT axis as well as by biochemical changes in the
thyroid itself due to exposure to microwaves.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Recent research has
described how EMFs can constitute external sources for the formation of
free radicals in blood cells, the brain,<sup> </sup>spermatozoids,and
myocardial tissue.
The thyroid gland is by nature an oxidative organ, and when additional
oxidative abuse is caused by exogenous pro-oxidants
(ionizing radiation would be the most significant),
damage to the macromolecules in the gland increases, possibly leading
to thyroid pathology or cancer. In spite of this, a
direct relation between thyroid cancer and exposure to EMFs has not yet
been established.
However, the search is ongoing for biomarkers in thyroid diseases that
would make early detection, diagnosis, and intervention
possible. HSP-90 is physiologically essential in
cellular processes such as hormone signaling and control, proliferation,
and differentiation of the cellular cycle. In prior
studies, we described a decrease in HSP-90 and 70 due to acute
radiation at 2.45 GHz in the thyroid gland, with
no apparent effect in the apoptotic activity of
thyroid cells. HSP-90 is known to play a modulatory role against thyroid
cancer due to its primarily antiapoptotic function. In the present
work, we have observed how, after 30 min exposure, the immunoreactivity
of HSP-90 is histologically distributed
throughout the thyroid gland in places where kinase
proteins had previously been activated,<sup> </sup>between the capsular and lobular membranes and in the follicular and parafollicular cells.<br /> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">... cellular damage in the thyroid gland was directly related to the SAR level and/or number of exposures applied
to the tissue.<br /> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> ... In the present experiment, exposure of rat thyroid gland to RF at 2.45 GHz and 0.102 ± 12.10<sup>–3</sup> SAR increased HSP-90 marking in the parafollicular cells. However, HSP-90 stress immunomarking decreased in the parafollicular
cells at 0.429 ± 12.10<sup>–3</sup> SAR or with repeated exposure (see Figure 7). HSP-90 in the parafollicular cell is sensitive to the nature and intensity of radiation stimulus, which can modify cellular
function and serve as a biomarker for cellular damage.<br />
</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Thyroid gland exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation in this experimental model
of diathermy in rats presented the following visible
morphological effects: (a) glandular hypertrophy in
relation to the SAR and/or number of exposures; (b) modification of the
distribution of HSP-90 associated with membranes
and parafollicular cells. These effects might not be exclusively or
directly
produced by radiation and can be included with
other indirect effects from the hypothalamus. However, further research
is
needed to ascertain whether the continued effect of
this physical agent could provoke pathology in the thyroid gland. </span> </span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4935366/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4935366/</a></span><br />
<br />
-- </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> K, Sechman A, Nieckarz Z.
Plasma thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels in blood of chicken
embryos and post hatch chickens exposed during incubation to 1800 MHz
electromagnetic field. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2014 Jan 31.<br />
<br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />INTRODUCTION: This study attempted to determine the
effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) (only carrier
frequency) on thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and corticosterone
(CORT) concentrations in the blood plasma of chick embryos, and to
investigate the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure during
embryogenesis on the level of these hormones in birds that are ready for
slaughter.<br />
<br />MATERIAL AND METHODS: Throughout the incubation period, embryos
from the experimental group were exposed to a 1800 MHz EMF with power
density of 0.1 W/m2, 10 times during 24 h for 4 min. Blood samples were
collected to determine T4, T3 and CORT concentrations on the 12th (E12)
and 18th (E18) day of incubation, from newly hatched chicks (D1) and
from birds ready for slaughter (D42).<br />
<br />RESULTS: The experiment showed that T4 and T3 concentrations
decreased markedly and CORT levels increased in the embryos and in the
newly hatched chicks exposed to EMF during embryogenesis. However, no
changes were found in the level of the analyzed hormones in the birds
ready for slaughter. Differences in T4 and T3 plasma concentrations
between the EMF-exposed group and the embryos incubated without
additional EMF were the highest in the newly hatched chicks, which may
be indicative of the cumulative effect of electromagnetic field on the
hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT).<br />
<br />DISCUSSION: The obtained results suggest that additional 1800 MHz
radio frequency electromagnetic field inhibits function of HPT axis,
however, it stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by inducing
adrenal steroidogenic cells to synthesize corticosterone. Further
investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which radio
EMFs affect HPT and HPA axis function in the chicken embryos.<br />
<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24488772" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24488772</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Jin YB, Choi HD, Kim BC, Pack JK, Kim N, Lee YS.Effects of
simultaneous combined exposure to CDMA and WCDMA electromagnetic fields
on serum hormone levels in rats. J Radiat Res. 2013 May;54(3):430-7.
doi: 10.1093/jrr/rrs120.<br /><br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />Despite
more than a decade of research on the endocrine system, there have been
no published studies about the effects of concurrent exposure of
radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on this system. The
present study investigated the several parameters of the endocrine
system including melatonin, thyroid stimulating hormone, stress hormone
and sex hormone after code division multiple access (CDMA, 849 MHz) and
wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA, 1.95 GHz) signals for
simultaneous exposure in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to
RF-EMF signals for 45 min/day, 5 days/week for up to 8 weeks. The
whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of CDMA or WCDMA was
2.0 W/kg (total 4.0 W/kg). At 4 and 8 weeks after the experiment began,
each experimental group's 40 rats (male 20, female 20) were autopsied.
Exposure for 8 weeks to simultaneous CDMA and WCDMA RF did not affect
serum levels in rats of melatonin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4), adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH) and sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen) as assessed by the
ELISA method.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239176" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/23239176</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Dimida
A, Ferrarini E, Agretti P, De Marco G, Grasso L, Martinelli M, Longo I,
Giulietti D, Ricci A, Galimberti M, Siervo B, Licitra G, Francia F,
Pinchera A, Vitti P, Tonacchera M. Electric and magnetic fields do not
modify the biochemical properties of FRTL-5 cells. J Endocrinol Invest.
2011 Mar;34(3):185-9. doi: 10.3275/7107.<br />
<br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />BACKGROUND: Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) might
be involved in human disease and numerous research and scientific
reviews have been conducted to address this question. In particular
thyroid structural and functional alterations caused by various forms of
non-ionizing radiation have been described.<br />
<br />AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the possible effects of
EMF on thyroid, in particular we analyzed the effects caused by a GSM
(Global System for Mobile Communications) signal (900 MHz) on cultured
thyroid cells (FRTL- 5).<br />
<br />MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental setup was designed in order
to expose samples to a radiofrequency wave in well-controlled
conditions. We used the FRTL-5 cell line, an epithelial monoclonal
continuous cell line derived from Fisher rat thyroid tissue growing as
monolayer, expressing the TSH receptor and the sodium-iodide symporter
(NIS). FRTL-5 were subsequently irradiate for 24, 48, and 96 h with EMF
(800-900 MHz, power-frequency of mobile communication systems) and
iodide uptake and cAMP production were measured.<br />
<br />RESULTS: The irradiation of cells with EMF at 900 Mhz for 24, 48,
and 96 h did not influence the level of cAMP production and was not able
to modify iodide accumulation in FRTL- 5 cells with respect to basal
conditions.<br />
<br />CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, EMF do not seem to be able to interfere with the biochemical properties of FRTL-5 cells in vitro.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20543553" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/20543553</a><br />
<br />---<br /><br />Esmekaya MA, Seyhan N, Ömeroglu S. Pulse modulated 900 MHz radiation
induces hypothyroidism and apoptosis in thyroid cells: a light, electron
microscopy and immunohistochemical study. Int J Radiat Biol. 2010
Dec;86(12):1106-16.<br /><br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />PURPOSE:
In the present study we investigated the possible histopathological
effects of pulse modulated Radiofrequency (RF) fields on the thyroid
gland using light microscopy, electron microscopy and
immunohistochemical methods.<br /><br />MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two months
old male Wistar rats were exposed to a 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF
radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.35 Watt/kg for 20
min/day for three weeks. The RF signals were pulse modulated by
rectangular pulses with a repetition frequency of 217 Hz and a duty
cycle of 1:8 (pulse width 0.576 ms). To assess thyroid endocrine
disruption and estimate the degree of the pathology of the gland, we
analysed structural alterations in follicular and colloidal diameters
and areas, colloid content of the follicles, and height of the
follicular epithelium. Apoptosis was confirmed by Transmission Electron
Microscopy and assessing the activites of an initiator (caspase-9) and
an effector (caspase-3) caspases that are important markers of cells
undergoing apoptosis.<br /><br />RESULTS: Morphological analyses revealed
hypothyrophy of the gland in the 900 MHz RF exposure group. The results
indicated that thyroid hormone secretion was inhibited by the RF
radiation. In addition, we also observed formation of apoptotic bodies
and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in thyroid cells of the
rats that were exposed to modulated RF fields.<br /><br />CONCLUSION: The
overall findings indicated that whole body exposure to pulse-modulated
RF radiation that is similar to that emitted by global system for mobile
communications (GSM) mobile phones can cause pathological changes in
the thyroid gland by altering the gland structure and enhancing
caspase-dependent pathways of apoptosis.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807179" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/20807179</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Milham
S. Most cancer in firefighters is due to radio-frequency radiation
exposure not inhaled carcinogens. Med Hypotheses. 2009 Nov;73(5):788-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.04.020.<br />
<br /><b>Abstract</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b>Recent reviews and reports of cancer incidence and
mortality in firefighters conclude that they are at an increased risk of
a number of cancers. These include leukemia, multiple myeloma,
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, male breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and
cancers of the brain, stomach, colon, rectum, prostate, urinary bladder,
testes, and thyroid. Firefighters are exposed to a long list of
recognized or probable carcinogens in combustion products and the
presumed route of exposure to these carcinogens is by inhalation.
Curiously, respiratory system cancers and diseases are usually not
increased in firefighters as they are in workers exposed to known
inhaled carcinogens. The list of cancers with increased risk in
firefighters strongly overlaps the list of cancers at increased risk in
workers exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radiofrequency
radiation (RFR). Firefighters have increased exposure to RFR in the
course of their work, from the mobile two-way radio communications
devices which they routinely use while fighting fires, and at times from
firehouse and fire vehicle radio transmitters. I suggest that some of
the increased cancer risk in firefighters is caused by RFR exposure, and
is therefore preventable. The precautionary principle should be applied
to reduce the risk of cancer in firefighters, and workman's
compensation rules will necessarily need to be modified.<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19464814" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/19464814</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Mortavazi S, Habib A, Ganj-Karami A, Samimi-Doost R, Pour-Abedi A,
Babaie A. Alterations in TSH and thyroid hormones following mobile phone use. Oman Med J. 2009 Oct;24(4):274-8. doi: 10.5001/omj.2009.56.<br /><br /><b>Abstract</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b>Objectives: In recent years, the widespread use of mobile phones has lead to a
public debate about possible detrimental effects on human health. In
spite of years of research, there is still a great controversy regarding
the possibility of induction of any significant physiological effects
in humans by microwave radiations emitted by mobile phones. This study
aims to investigate the effects of electromagnetic fields induced by the
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) mobile phones on the
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones in humans.<br /><br />Methods:
77 healthy university students participated in this study. The levels
of T3, T4 and TSH were measured by using appropriate enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Human, Germany).<br /><br />Results: The
average levels of T3, T4 and TSH in students who moderately used mobile
phones were 1.25±0.27 ng/ml, 7.76±1.73 µg/dl and 4.25±2.12 µu/l
respectively. The levels in the students who severely used mobile phones
were 1.18±0.30, 7.75±1.14 and 3.75±2.05 respectively. In non-users, the
levels were 1.15±0.27, 8.42±2.72 and 2.70±1.75, respectively. The
difference among the levels of TSH in these 3 groups was statistically
significant (P<0.05).<br /><br />Conclusion: As far as the study is
concerned, this is the first human study to assess the associations
between mobile phone use and alterations in the levels of TSH and
thyroid hormones. Based on the findings, a higher than normal TSH level,
low mean T4 and normal T3 concentrations in mobile users were observed.
It seems that minor degrees of thyroid dysfunction with a compensatory
rise in TSH may occur following excessive use of mobile phones. It may
be concluded that possible deleterious effects of mobile microwaves on
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis affects the levels of these
hormones.<br /><br />Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243874/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243874/</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />---<br /><br />Sinha RK.
Chronic non-thermal exposure of modulated 2450 MHz microwave radiation alters thyroid hormones and behavior of male rats.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2008 Jun;84(6):505-13. doi: 10.1080/09553000802085441.
<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was
to analyze the effects of leakage microwave (2450 MHz) irradiation on
thyroid hormones and behavior of male rats.<br /><br />MATERIALS AND
METHODS: Experiments were carried out on two groups of male rats
(exposure and control, respectively). Radio-immuno assay (RIA) methods
were used for estimation of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4)
and thyrotrophin or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The assessments
of behavioral changes were performed in Open-Field (OF) and Elevated
Plus-Maze (EPM) apparatuses.<br /><br />RESULTS: Following chronic microwave
exposure, rats were found hyperactive and aggressive on the 16th and
21st days. Behavioral changes in OF were analyzed and found to be
significantly changed from controls (p < 0.05) for immobilization,
rearing and ambulation behavior. In EPM, rats showed increased activity
with decreased time spent in the open arm and more time spent in the
center on the 11th (p < 0.05), 16th (p < 0.05) and 21st day (p
< 0.01) after irradiation. Changes in behavioral parameters are also
correlated with the trend of changes, compared to control animals, in
hormonal blood levels of T3 (decreased on the 16th day, p < 0.05 and
21st day, p < 0.01) and T4 (increased on the 21st day, p < 0.05).<br /><br />CONCLUSION:
Low energy microwave irradiation may be harmful as it is sufficient to
alter the levels of thyroid hormones as well as the emotional reactivity
of the irradiated compared to control animals.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18470749" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18470749</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Djeridane
Y, Touitou Y, de Seze R. Influence of electromagnetic fields emitted by
GSM-900 cellular telephones on the circadian patterns of gonadal,
adrenal and pituitary hormones in men. Radiat Res. 2008
Mar;169(3):337-43.<br />
<b><br />Abstract</b><br /><br />The potential health risks of radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) emitted by mobile phones are currently
of considerable public interest. The present study investigated the
effect of exposure to 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency radiation on steroid
(cortisol and testosterone) and pituitary (thyroid-stimulating hormone,
growth hormone, prolactin and adrenocorticotropin) hormone levels in 20
healthy male volunteers. Each subject was exposed to RF EMFs through the
use of a cellular phone for 2 h/day, 5 days/ week, for 4 weeks. Blood
samples were collected hourly during the night and every 3 h during the
day. Four sampling sessions were performed at 15-day intervals: before
the beginning of the exposure period, at the middle and the end of the
exposure period, and 15 days later. Parameters evaluated included the
maximum serum concentration, the time of this maximum, and the area
under the curve for hormone circadian patterns. Each individual's
pre-exposure hormone concentration was used as his control. All hormone
concentrations remained within normal physiological ranges. The
circadian profiles of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone,
adrenocorticotropin and testosterone were not disrupted by RF EMFs
emitted by mobile phones. For growth hormone and cortisol, there were
significant decreases of about 28% and 12%, respectively, in the maximum
levels when comparing the 2-week (for growth hormone and cortisol) and
4-week (for growth hormone) exposure periods to the pre-exposure period,
but no difference persisted in the postexposure period. Our data show
that the 900 MHz EMF exposure, at least under our experimental
conditions, does not appear to affect endocrine functions in men.<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18302481" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/18302481</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Koyu A, Cesur G, Ozguner F, Akdogan M, Mollaoglu H, Ozen S. Effects
of 900 MHz electromagnetic field on TSH and thyroid hormones in rats.
Toxicol Lett. 2005 Jul 4;157(3):257-62.<br /><b><br />Abstract</b><br /><br />In
this study, the effects of exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz)
electromagnetic field (EMF) on serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
and triiodothronine-thyroxin (T3-T4) hormones levels of adult male
Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Thirty rats were used in three
independent groups, 10 of which were control (without stress and EMF),
10 of which were exposed to 900 MHz EMF and 10 of which were
sham-exposed. The exposures were performed 30 min/day, for 5 days/week
for 4 weeks to 900 MHz EMF. Sham-exposed animals were kept under the
same environmental conditions as the study groups except with no EMF
exposure. The concentration of TSH and T3-T4 hormones in the rat serum
was measured by using an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) method for TSH
and a radio-immunoassay (RIA) method for T3 and T4 hormones. TSH values
and T3-T4 at the 900 MHz EMF group were significantly lower than the
sham-exposed group (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant
differences in serum TSH values and T3-T4 hormone concentrations between
the control and the sham-exposed group (p>0.05). These results
indicate that 900 MHz EMF emitted by cellular telephones decrease serum
TSH and T3-T4 levels.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15917150" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/15917150</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Wakeford R. The cancer epidemiology of radiation. Oncogene. 2004 Aug 23;23(38):6404-28.<br />
<b><br />Abstract</b><br /><br />Ionizing radiation has been the subject of intense
epidemiological investigation. Studies have demonstrated that exposure
to moderate-to-high levels can cause most forms of cancer, leukaemia and
cancers of the breast, lung and thyroid being particularly sensitive to
induction by radiation, especially at young ages at exposure.
Predominant among these studies is the Life Span Study of the cohort of
survivors of the atomic bombings of Japan in 1945, but substantial
evidence is derived from groups exposed for medical reasons,
occupationally or environmentally. Notable among these other groups are
underground hard rock miners who inhaled radioactive radon gas and its
decay products, large numbers of patients irradiated therapeutically and
workers who received high doses in the nuclear weapons programme of the
former USSR. The degree of carcinogenic risk arising from low levels of
exposure is more contentious, but the available evidence points to an
increased risk that is approximately proportional to the dose received.
Epidemiological investigations of nonionizing radiation have established
ultraviolet radiation as a cause of skin cancer. However, the evidence
for a carcinogenic effect of other forms of nonionizing radiation, such
as those associated with mobile telephones or electricity transmission
lines, is not convincing, although the possibility of a link between
childhood leukaemia and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields
cannot be dismissed entirely.<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15322514" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/15322514</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Bergamaschi A, Magrini A, Ales G, Coppeta L, Somma G. Are thyroid
dysfunctions related to stress or microwave exposure (900 MHz)? Int J
Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2004 May-Aug;17(2 Suppl):31-6.<br /><b><br />Abstract</b><br /><br />In
the last decade, numerous scientific evidence suggested possible
adverse health effects from exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF'S)
and the use of mobile phones. According to some studies EMF induced
changes of trans-membrane Ca++ flux may lead to altered metabolism
and/or secretion of neurohormones including TSH, ACTH, GH, prolactin and
melatonin. The aim of this research was to analyse the effects of
mobile phone use on thyroid function and to evaluate the possible role
of occupational stress. 2598 employees (1355 men and 1243 women) with
different duties (vendors, operators and network technicians) were
included in the study. Exposure to EMF'S, generated by mobile phones,
was assessed both by submitting a questionnaire directly to the
employees and acquiring data regarding conversation times. The workers
were divided into three groups on the basis of their personal mobile
phone use. Moreover, a group of 160 workers with TSH values below 0.4
UI/l was characterized. No statistically significant difference
regarding TSH values below 0.4 UI/l was observed among workers with
different duties but there was a greater prevalence of subjects with low
SH values among 192 employees with more than 33 hrs./month conversation
time; this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). On the
basis of our data, it is not possible to establish whether this result
is determined by exposure to EMF'S from mobile phones of by the stress
of using these instruments.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345189" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/15345189</a><br /><br />---<br /><br />Black
DR, Heynick LN. Radiofrequency (RF) effects on blood cells, cardiac,
endocrine, and immunological functions. Bioelectromagnetics. 2003;Suppl
6:S187-95.<br />
<br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
(RFEMF) on the pituitary adrenocortical (ACTH), growth (GH), and thyroid
(TSH) hormones have been extensively studied, and there is coherent
research on reproductive hormones (FSH and LH). Those effects which have
been identified are clearly caused by heating. The exposure thresholds
for these effects in living mammals, including primates, have been
established. There is limited evidence that indicates no interaction
between RFEMF and the pineal gland or an effect on prolactin from the
pituitary gland. Studies of RFEMF exposed blood cells have shown that
changes or damage do not occur unless the cells are heated. White cells
(leukocytes) are much more sensitive than red cells (erythrocytes) but
white cell effects remain consistent with normal physiological responses
to systemic temperature fluctuation. Lifetime studies of RFEMF exposed
animals show no cumulative adverse effects in their endocrine,
hematological, or immune systems. Cardiovascular tissue is not directly
affected adversely in the absence of significant RFEMF heating or
electric currents. The regulation of blood pressure is not influenced by
ultra high frequency (UHF) RFEMF at levels commonly encountered in the
use of mobile communication devices.<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628314" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/14628314</a></span><br /></span>
<br /></div>
Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-7927435725024321662024-02-01T00:50:00.000-08:002024-02-03T11:43:46.448-08:00Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih4zazZ3ktk-F9j1DYkxlo31TDFcvTtM7GRyxUlH3gA2xTwYMFVdJwGFFcmk0qPF1pueCoYsz8hh0PFoASct2Tf1bVQ2UQKvg1S9g6rE9Q6LjZTDhkiI1qi-htnbEzgNcbH6s_hvVnhZM/s1600/EHS+meeting+1994.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih4zazZ3ktk-F9j1DYkxlo31TDFcvTtM7GRyxUlH3gA2xTwYMFVdJwGFFcmk0qPF1pueCoYsz8hh0PFoASct2Tf1bVQ2UQKvg1S9g6rE9Q6LjZTDhkiI1qi-htnbEzgNcbH6s_hvVnhZM/s400/EHS+meeting+1994.jpg" width="300" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Source: <i>Microwave News</i> Archive (Louis Slesin)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">(See the end of this post for additional resources.)</span></b><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">What is
electromagnetic hypersensitivity?</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Following is an excerpt from "Electromagnetic
hypersensitivity means Peter Lloyd can't leave his house... or enjoy any modern
pleasures inside" by Martin Shipton, </span><i style="font-size: 11pt;">Wales Online</i><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">, Oct 16,
2014:</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The term "electrical
hypersensitivity" was first used in 1989, while "electromagnetic
hypersensitivity" - EHS for short - was coined in 1994 to
reflect sufferers' sensitivity to magnetic as well as electric fields.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">As early as the 1930s, however,
EHS symptoms were observed in people working with radio and electricity, and
with military radar in the 1940s.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Environmental EHS appeared in the
general population from the 1970s with computers.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">It increased in the 1980s with
mobile and cordless phones, and with wifi from 2000.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Thousands of people are now
linked with EHS support groups in 30 countries. </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">The first started in Sweden in
1989; the UK group began in 2003.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sweden recognised EHS as a
functional disability in 2002. The Canadian Human Rights Commission did
likewise in 2007. </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">In 2009, the European Parliament
voted for persons with EHS to be recognised as disabled.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Despite having official
recognition, many doctors still know little or nothing about the condition.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_1672106312"><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></a></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><a href="http://bit.ly/211JeT7" target="_blank"><b>http://bit.ly/211JeT7</b></a></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS, microwave syndrome) – Review of mechanisms</b></div><br />Physician's Weekly, Apr 15, 2020<br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">"Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), known in the past as “Microwave syndrome”, is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of a wide spectrum of non-specific multiple organ symptoms, typically including central nervous system symptoms, that occur following the patient’s acute or chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields in the environment or in occupational settings. Numerous studies have shown biological effects at the cellular level of electromagnetic fields (EMF) at magnetic (ELF) and radio-frequency (RF) frequencies in extremely low intensities. Many of the mechanisms described for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) apply with modification to EHS. Repeated exposures result in sensitization and consequent enhancement of response. Many hypersensitive patients appear to have impaired detoxification systems that become overloaded by excessive oxidative stress. EMF can induce changes in calcium signaling cascades, significant activation of free radical processes and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living cells as well as altered neurological and cognitive functions and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Magnetite crystals absorbed from combustion air pollution could have an important role in brain effects of EMF. Autonomic nervous system effects of EMF could also be expressed as symptoms in the cardiovascular system. Other common effects of EMF include effects on skin, microvasculature, immune and hematologic systems. It is concluded that the mechanisms underlying the symptoms of EHS are biologically plausible and that many organic physiologic responses occur following EMF exposure. Patients can have neurologic, neuro-hormonal and neuro-psychiatric symptoms following exposure to EMF as a consequence of neural damage and over-sensitized neural responses. More relevant diagnostic tests for EHS should be developed. Exposure limits should be lowered to safeguard against biologic effects of EMF. Spread of local and global wireless networks should be decreased, and safer wired networks should be used instead of wireless, to protect susceptible members of the public. Public places should be made accessible for electrohypersensitive individuals."</div></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.physiciansweekly.com/electromagnetic-hypersensitivity-ehs-microwave-syndrome-review-of-mechanisms/" target="_blank">https://www.physiciansweekly.com/electromagnetic-hypersensitivity-ehs-microwave-syndrome-review-of-mechanisms/</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Molecular biomarkers in Electrohypersensitivity and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail_default"><div class="gmail-panel-body"><div class="gmail-citation_output" id="gmail-citationOutput">Irigaray P, Awaida N, Belpomme D. Molecular biomarkers in Electrohypersensitivity and Multiple Chemical
Sensitivity: How They Can Help Diagnosis, Follow-Up, and in
Etiopathologic Understanding. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], 12(1), 2024.
doi: 10.18103/mra.v12i1.4771.
</div></div>
</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">Abstract</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">
Electrohypersensitivty (EHS) and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) are
new worldwide emerging neurologic disorders in the framework of
sensitivity-related environmental pathology. We have recently extended
and confirmed our previous observation showing that EHS and MCS share
clinically identical symptoms and may co-exist as a unique, common,
sensitivity-related neurologic syndrome in 25% of the cases. There is
presently no published biological study of these disorders, except the
one we have previously published as preliminary. In the present study,
we show that EHS and MCS and the combined syndrome share identical
biochemical changes. More precisely, by measuring levels of peripheral
blood and urine molecular biomarkers in a cohort of 2,018 consecutive
cases, we show that both disorders and the combined syndrome can be
objectively characterized, in about 90% of the cases, by a decrease in
the production of 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate in urine, while in 30-50%
they are characterized by increased levels of histamine and of heat
shock proteins (HSP) 27 and/or 70, and of protein S100B and
nitrotyrosine in the peripheral blood. Increased levels of histamine and
HSP are indicators of low grade inflammation while increased levels of
protein S100B and nitrotyrosine are indicators of blood-brain barrier
disruption/opening. In addition, we show that in about 15% of the cases
anti-myelin autoantibodies can be detected in the peripheral blood,
accounting for the occurrence of an autoimmune response. Sensitivity,
specificity and reproducibility of the biochemical tests are discussed,
as well as the role of these indicators used as biomarkers for the
diagnosis and follow-up of patients. We also discuss cases with
undetectable biological change for which they can be nevertheless
diagnosed by cerebral neurotransmitters analysis in urine and brain
imaging. On the basis of these biological data it is suggested that EHS
and/or MCS are new brain disorders, generated via a common
etiopathogenic mechanism. <br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><a href="https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4771" target="_blank">https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4771</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><b>ELF-MF
Exposure, Actual and Perceived, and Associated Health Symptoms: A Case
Study of an Office Building in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel</b></div><div><br /></div><div>
Raz-Steinkrycer LS, Dubnov J, Gelberg S, Jia P, Portnov BA. ELF-MF
Exposure, Actual and Perceived, and Associated Health Symptoms: A Case
Study of an Office Building in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. <em>Sustainability</em>. 2022; 14(17):11065. doi: 10.3390/su141711065.</div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract</div><div><br /></div><div>
Empirical studies link exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic
fields (ELF-MFs) to several health symptoms. However, it is unclear
whether these symptoms are associated with actual or perceived exposure.
In this study we attempted to answer this question by studying the
health complaints of employees working in a multi-story office building
located near a major high-voltage power line. ELF-MF measurements were
conducted in the building using a triaxial sensor coil device on all 15
floors. In parallel, questionnaires were administered to evaluate the
prevalence of various health symptoms among the employees. Multivariate
logistic regressions were used next to quantify the associations between
actual and perceived ELF-MF exposure and the employees’ health
complaints. The analysis revealed that feelings of weakness, headache,
frustration, and worry were associated with both measured and perceived
ELF-MF exposure (<span class="gmail-html-italic">p</span> < 0.01), while
perceived ELF-MF exposure was also found to be associated with eye pain
and irritation (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.6), sleepiness (OR = 1.3, 95%
CI = 1.1–1.5), dizziness and ear pain (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0–1.4). We
conclude that high-voltage power lines produce both physiological and
psychological effects in nearby workers, and, hence, proximity to such
power lines should become a public health issue. <br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusions<div class="gmail-html-p"><br /></div><div class="gmail-html-p">The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows:</div><div class="gmail-html-p"><ul class="gmail-html-disc"><li><div class="gmail-html-p">The
analysis revealed no significant association between instrumentally
measured and perceived ELF-MF exposure, which implies that individuals
cannot detect actual ELF-MF exposure accurately;</div></li><li><div class="gmail-html-p">The
analysis revealed that feelings of weakness, headache, frustration and
worries were associated with both measured and perceived ELF-MF
exposure, while perceived ELF-MF exposure was also found to be
associated with eye pain and irritation, sleepiness, as well as
dizziness and ear pain.</div></li><li><div class="gmail-html-p">As we
conclude, working near a high voltage power line appears to produce not
only psychological but also physiological effects, and should thus
become a public health concern.</div></li></ul></div><div class="gmail-html-p">As
several reported symptoms (including headache, frustration/worry, and
exhaustion/weakness) were found to be significantly related to measured
exposure, not just perceived exposure, the results should lead to
revisiting ELF-MF exposure standards. Moreover, follow-up studies should
attempt to estimate other effects of ELF-MF exposure, such as its
effects on employee productivity, the number of visits to physicians,
absenteeism, and medication intake.</div>
</div><div><br /></div><div>Open access paper: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/17/11065" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/17/11065</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Why electrohypersensitivity and related symptoms are caused by non-ionizing man-made electromagnetic fields: An overview and medical assessment</b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb05o-BCXQCNP31P9NK33g-BrWBlb6BrMqG13ZdhsUFewRqRrGJ2BiQhtuht4uMhx4UqW6NGGWQzvMiGi1wx_FtX8aujU068dMYK4vpx9Mu5irgEHv11EIgUvhZfiL7VrJ-TXoCR3ZWlChdTeegNLtqU7RaK1Tmbdk8UksGkaITmA66Xf1mltPdHtM/s678/EHS%20history.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="678" data-original-width="656" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb05o-BCXQCNP31P9NK33g-BrWBlb6BrMqG13ZdhsUFewRqRrGJ2BiQhtuht4uMhx4UqW6NGGWQzvMiGi1wx_FtX8aujU068dMYK4vpx9Mu5irgEHv11EIgUvhZfiL7VrJ-TXoCR3ZWlChdTeegNLtqU7RaK1Tmbdk8UksGkaITmA66Xf1mltPdHtM/w621-h640/EHS%20history.JPG" width="621" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Dominique Belpomme, Philippe Irigaray.
Why electrohypersensitivity and related symptoms are caused by
non-ionizing man-made electromagnetic fields: An overview and medical
assessment.
Environmental Research. Available online 7 May 2022, 113374. doi: </span><span style="font-family: arial;">10.1016/j.envres.2022.113374.<br /><br />Highlights<br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Electrohypersensitivity is caused by electromagnetic fields.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Electrohypersensitivity is a neurological disorder with inflammation, oxidative stress, blood brain barrier opening and neurotransmitter abnormalities.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Electrohypersensitivity must be defined by the decrease of brain electromagnetic fields tolerance threshold.</span></li></ul></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail-abstract gmail-author-highlights" id="gmail-abs0015" lang="en"><div id="gmail-abssec0015"><p></p></div></div>
</div><div class="gmail_quote">Abstract<br /><br />Much of the controversy over the cause of electrohypersensitivity (EHS) lies in the absence of recognized clinical and biological criteria for a widely accepted diagnosis. However, there are presently sufficient data for EHS to be acknowledged as a distinctly well-defined and objectively characterized neurologic pathological disorder. Because we have shown that 1) EHS is frequently associated with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in EHS patients, and 2) that both individualized disorders share a common pathophysiological mechanism for symptom occurrence; it appears that EHS and MCS can be identified as a unique neurologic syndrome, regardless its causal origin. In this overview we distinguish the etiology of EHS itself from the environmental causes that trigger pathophysiological changes and clinical symptoms after EHS has occurred. Contrary to present scientifically unfounded claims, we indubitably refute the hypothesis of a nocebo effect to explain the genesis of EHS and its presentation. We as well refute the erroneous concept that EHS could be reduced to a vague and unproven “functional impairment”. To the contrary, we show here there are objective pathophysiological changes and health effects induced by electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in EHS patients and most of all in healthy subjects, meaning that excessive non-thermal anthropogenic EMFs are strongly noxious for health. In this overview and medical assessment we focus on the effects of extremely low frequencies, wireless communications radio frequencies and microwaves EMF. We discuss how to better define and characterize EHS. Taken into consideration the WHO proposed causality criteria, we show that EHS is in fact causally associated with increased exposure to man-made EMF, and in some cases to marketed environmental chemicals. We therefore appeal to all governments and international health institutions, particularly the WHO, to urgently consider the growing EHS-associated pandemic plague, and to acknowledge EHS as a new real EMF causally-related pathology.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">Excerpts</div><br /><div>In Table 6 the prevalence expressed in percentages of EHS people relative to the overall population is estimated to range from 0.7% to 13.3%, mainly affecting on average 3%–5% of the population in many different worldwide area or countries, meaning that millions of people may in fact be affected by man-made EMF intolerance, and often by EHS. Similar worldwide figures may account for MCS (Genuis, 2010)....</div><br />Given the seven billion people worldwide – most using cordless phones and/or mobile phones, Wi-Fi, and other wireless devices – and given the present and future development of 5G (Hardell and Nyberg, 2020; Hardell and Carlberg, 2020; Pall, 2021), it is expected that the prevalence of EMF intolerance and EHS will significantly increase worldwide in the next few years. However, because the figures indicated in Table 6 are estimations based on no objective criteria for identifying EHS (Hallberg and Oberfeld, 2006), we believe these data require confirmation by more objective evaluations. Although the reported EHS prevalence figures are only estimations, it is expected that EMF intolerance and EHS prevalence will continue to grow, in as much as the manufacturers of WC technologies and chemical industries will continue developing their products....<br /><br />Today's level of scientific knowledge engenders a great ethical responsibility of scientists and governments and of national and international health bodies to uncover the adverse health effects of the increasing man-made EMF exposures and warn on the emerging and growing worldwide EHS and MCS global plagues. This means that suitable public health measures must urgently be taken to recognize EHS and MCS as new pathologies and decrease EMF-exposures.<br /><br />We therefore strongly ask WHO to add EHS and MCS in the future versions of the WHO International Classification of Diseases on the basis on their clinical and pathophysiological identification, just as has already been done for other recognized diseases.<div class="gmail_quote"><a href="goog_997136064"><br /></a></div><div class="gmail_quote"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935122007010?via%3Dihub" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935122007010?via%3Dihub</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><b>The
Critical Importance of Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging in the Study of
Electrohypersensitivity. A Scientific Consensus International Report </b><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>
Belpomme, Dominique, George L. Carlo, Philippe Irigaray, David O.
Carpenter, Lennart Hardell, Michael Kundi, Igor Belyaev, Magda Havas,
Franz Adlkofer, Gunnar Heuser, Anthony B. Miller, Daniela Caccamo,
Chiara De Luca, Lebrecht von Klitzing, Martin L. Pall, Priyanka Bandara,
Yael Stein, Cindy Sage, Morando Soffritti, Devra Davis, Joel M.
Moskowitz, S. M.J. Mortazavi, Martha R. Herbert, Hanns Moshammer, Gerard
Ledoigt, Robert Turner, Anthony Tweedale, Pilar Muñoz-Calero, Iris
Udasin, Tarmo Koppel, Ernesto Burgio, and André Vander Vorst. 2021. "The
Critical Importance of Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging in the Study of
Electrohypersensitivity. A Scientific Consensus International Report" <i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> 22, no. 14: 7321. doi: 10.3390/<wbr></wbr>ijms22147321.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihO8MQyNOzjVI_s8F66pe546GxdhrQMLr847_5KmJRdQtFq4CbTEbeC5DQjMUhGp3UB4hREX1yUQM9Pe09e1TN8RFBzbj0ygh1vTZ4VYaCx47ojSXzlhhkIsdfwkCBJJqWxQGd4Jtwxsc/s498/EHS+MCS+model+Belpomme+2021.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="498" height="637" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihO8MQyNOzjVI_s8F66pe546GxdhrQMLr847_5KmJRdQtFq4CbTEbeC5DQjMUhGp3UB4hREX1yUQM9Pe09e1TN8RFBzbj0ygh1vTZ4VYaCx47ojSXzlhhkIsdfwkCBJJqWxQGd4Jtwxsc/w640-h637/EHS+MCS+model+Belpomme+2021.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>Abstract</div><div><br /><div class="gmail-custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link gmail-active">
</div>
<div class="gmail-target-item gmail-custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content">
<div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">
Clinical research aiming at objectively identifying and characterizing
diseases via clinical observations and biological and radiological
findings is a critical initial research step when establishing objective
diagnostic criteria and treatments. Failure to first define such
diagnostic criteria may lead research on pathogenesis and etiology to
serious confounding biases and erroneous medical interpretations. This
is particularly the case for electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and more
particularly for the so-called “provocation tests”, which do not
investigate the causal origin of EHS but rather the EHS-associated
particular environmental intolerance state with hypersensitivity to
man-made electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, because those tests
depend on multiple EMF-associated physical and biological parameters and
have been conducted in patients without having first defined EHS
objectively and/or endpoints adequately, they cannot presently be
considered to be valid pathogenesis research methodologies.
Consequently, the negative results obtained by these tests do not
preclude a role of EMF exposure as a symptomatic trigger in EHS
patients. Moreover, there is no proof that EHS symptoms or EHS itself
are caused by psychosomatic or nocebo effects. This international
consensus report pleads for the acknowledgement of EHS as a distinct
neuropathological disorder and for its inclusion in the WHO
International Classification of Diseases.</div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7321" target="_blank">https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7321</a></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">--</div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"><b>Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS)</b><br /><br />Dariusz Leszczynski. Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS). Rev Environ Health. 2021 Jul 6. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0038.</div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"><br />Abstract<br /><br />Part of the population considers themselves as sensitive to the man-made electromagnetic radiation (EMF) emitted by powerlines, electric wiring, electric home appliance and the wireless communication devices and networks. Sensitivity is characterized by a broad variety of non-specific symptoms that the sensitive people claim to experience when exposed to EMF. While the experienced symptoms are currently considered as a real life impairment, the factor causing these symptoms remains unclear. So far, scientists were unable to find causality link between symptoms experienced by sensitive persons and the exposures to EMF. However, as presented in this review, the executed to-date scientific studies, examining sensitivity to EMF, are of poor quality to find the link between EMF exposures and sensitivity symptoms of some people. It is logical to consider that the sensitivity to EMF exists but the scientific methodology used to find it is of insufficient quality. It is time to drop out psychology driven provocation studies that ask about feelings-based non-specific symptoms experienced by volunteers under EMF exposure. Such research approach produces only subjective and therefore highly unreliable data that is insufficient to prove, or to disprove, causality link between EHS and EMF. There is a need for a new direction in studying sensitivity to EMF. The basis for it is the notion of a commonly known phenomenon of individual sensitivity, where individuals’ responses to EMF depend on the genetic and epigenetic properties of the individual. It is proposed here that new studies, combining provocation approach, where volunteers are exposed to EMF, and high-throughput technologies of transcriptomics and proteomics are used to generate objective data, detecting molecular level biochemical responses of human body to EMF.</div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">Final conclusions</div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">– Problems and solutions for EHS research are summarized in Figure 2.</div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container"><br />– Over the last 30 years, a sizable number of research studies has examined causality link between EMF exposures and EHS symptoms.<br /><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">– The majority of the studies did not find any link between EMF and EHS.<br /><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">– The EHS studies have examined acute effects but did not have capability to examine delayed EMF responses.<br /><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">– The major problem is that scientists do not know whether EHS volunteers have indeed correct self-diagnosis of EHS or whether the diagnosis is incorrect and experimental groups are contaminated, to unknown degree, by non-EHS persons. In extreme situation, the small group of volunteers used in research study might have no EHS persons at all.<br /><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">– Recently, research on EHS has drifted into direction of nocebo as the cause of EHS, what is incorrect.<br /><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">– Instead of studying obvious impact of nocebo, or likes of medical students’ disease, research should focus on finding suitable biochemical and biophysical markers that could be used, in combination with single individual-focused provocation studies, to determine the sources of the EHS symptoms.<br /><br /></div><div class="gmail-art-abstract gmail-in-tab gmail-hypothesis_container">– The opinion that there is no causality link between EHS and EMF is unproven. This opinion, expressed by the World Health Organization EMF Project, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety and numerous governmental organizations, should be revised because the scientific research data is of insufficient quality to be used as a proof of the lack of causality.</div></div>
</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2021-0038/html" target="_blank">https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2021-0038/html</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><span class="gmail-art_title">Redefining electrosensitivity: A new literature-supported model</span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><br /></div><div>
<div class="gmail-pub-meta">
<span class="gmail-authors">Mary Redmayne, Siobhan Reddel</span>. <span class="gmail-art_title">Redefining electrosensitivity: A new literature-supported model. </span><span class="gmail-serial_title">Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. Jan 2021. </span><span class="gmail-doi_link">DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1874971.</span>
</div><div class="gmail-pub-meta"><span class="gmail-doi_link"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-pub-meta" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy09L7B-4MoWgdAuLurX3Trx9dbB8HvODjzcxj_v8JozlxbtQqTRwHSgD6txuQwhxq0lsY9GHSGKIxmmtSkD5cFWFv-NqVZLgYloKVBpU1t8Wltg360UiTtgu7gwHfsraLJW5KppvmOr0/s1200/EHS+Redmayne+2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="966" data-original-width="1200" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy09L7B-4MoWgdAuLurX3Trx9dbB8HvODjzcxj_v8JozlxbtQqTRwHSgD6txuQwhxq0lsY9GHSGKIxmmtSkD5cFWFv-NqVZLgYloKVBpU1t8Wltg360UiTtgu7gwHfsraLJW5KppvmOr0/w640-h518/EHS+Redmayne+2021.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></div>
</div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>
In critically examining literature on electrohypersensitivity and the
reported somatic responses to anthropogenic modulated radiofrequency
radiation (RFR) exposure, it becomes apparent that
electrohypersensitivity is one part of a range of consequences. Current
evidence on the necessity of considering patients’ overall health status
leads us to propose a new model in which electrohypersensitivity is but
part of the electrosensitive status inherent in being human. We propose
the likelihood and type of response to environmental RFR include i) a
linear somatic awareness continuum, ii) a non-linear somatic response
continuum, and iii) the extent of each individual’s capacity to repair
damage (linked to homeostatic response). We anticipate this last,
dynamic, aspect is inextricably linked to the others through the
autonomic nervous system. The whole is dependent upon the status of the
interconnected immune and inflammatory systems. This holistic approach
leads us to propose various outcomes. For most, their body maintains
homeostasis by routine repair. However, some develop
electrohypersensitivity either due to RFR exposure or as an
ANS-mediated, unconscious response (aka nocebo effect), or both. We
suggest RFR exposure may be one factor in the others developing an
auto-immune disease or allergy. A few develop delayed catastrophic
disease such as glioma. This model gives the blanket term
ElectroMagnetic Illness (EMI) to all RFR-related conditions. Thus, EHS
appears to be one part of a range of responses to a novel and rapidly
changing evolutionary situation.</div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusion and consequences of the model <br /></div><div><br /><div class="gmail-NLM_sec gmail-NLM_sec_level_2" id="gmail-s0004-s2002">Overall, there is compelling evidence in the broader literature indicating that EHS is but one part of a more complex range of responses related to humans being intrinsically electrosensitive.<br /><br />In fact, “Many of the general malaise symptoms associated with IEI (Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance) 7 are common in the general population” p.42 (World Health Organisation 2004). This is not a sign of a healthy general population even by the WHO’s definition of health, 8 and causes must be identified. Life is dependent upon, and arguably defined by the electrical activity, of the brain, the broader nervous system and indeed the body’s ongoing efforts to maintain homeostasis. As we said earlier, internal electrical impulses are inherent to life; when they stop, we die. There are also natural, static and low-frequency, non-modulated, electromagnetic fields with which we have evolved and most of which we use and even rely upon. Our bodies and cells have their own resonant frequencies, and research has shown cell sensitivity to RFR exposure at ultra-low intensities (Kositsky, 2001). It is almost to be expected that exposures never encountered during the course of evolution would affect us. Indeed, “Since the low-level environmental exposures associated with IEI are commonly found in everyone’s daily living environment, the exposed population is indistinguishable from the general population. Everyone is exposed” p.44 (World Health Organisation 2004).<br /><br />Our current model of electrosensitivity includes the “general population” and expresses that differing responses are a normal part of being alive. For some of those who do not appear to respond (no symptoms), there will mostly likely be cellular impacts. For most, these will be promptly repaired or otherwise dealt with (e.g., apoptosis); for some, damage will gradually or eventually accumulate and may lead, in time, to a catastrophic response in the form of a disease that began as oxidative stress that the body has fought but finally to which it has catastrophically succumbed. For others, effects will be felt and cause early symptoms. Among these people, some will respond by avoiding the exposure either subconsciously or consciously, while others will ignore them and eventually pay the price. Others will develop EHS. At this stage, it will often go undiagnosed due to lack of training in recognising this possible diagnosis.<br /><br />Importantly, this model implies that there is a need to acknowledge that EHS (with all its variety) is one part of a range of symptomless pre-cursor and EMI responses to a novel and rapidly changing evolutionary situation. There should be no stigma to EHS, and those affected deserve the same level of concern and extent of assistance as those with allergies or auto-immune diseases, the principal actions being minimisation of the harmful stimulant until personal repair capacity has improved, then slowly re-introducing exposure, to the extent manageable on an individual basis. Assistance with this would be necessary at several stages so the body is not pushed into the hypo-responsive state, but rather assisted to reach the best possible health with the best practicable repair capacity.<br /><br />We propose that to work towards avoiding, ameliorating, or attempting to overcome EHS it is necessary not only to observe the positive actions recommended, but also to build capacity. And capacity provides the energy necessary to build resilience (Gerritsen and Band 2018).</div><div class="gmail-NLM_sec gmail-NLM_sec_level_2"><br /></div>
</div><div><a href="goog_407290397"></a></div><div><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15368378.2021.1874971" target="_blank">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15368378.2021.1874971</a></div></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Clinical Practice Guidelines for EHS - </b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Proceedings from a Symposium </b><b>on the Impacts of Wireless Technology on Health</b></div><div><br /></div><div>"Clinical Practice Guidelines for EHS - Proceedings from a Symposium on the Impacts of Wireless Technology on Health." Edited by Riina Bray, MD, and David Fancy, PhD. Published by the Environmental Health Clinic, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada. 137 pp. <a data-dlb="true" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.womenscollegehospital.ca/assets/pdf/environmental/Clinical%2520Practice%2520Guidelines%2520for%2520EHS%2520and%2520Symposium%2520Proceedings%2520-%2520Final.pdf&source=gmail&ust=1603561813115000&usg=AFQjCNEE4ulbtwrR1vL3jKdz9N2cUZB15w" href="https://www.womenscollegehospital.ca/assets/pdf/environmental/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines%20for%20EHS%20and%20Symposium%20Proceedings%20-%20Final.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/EHSsymposium</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>
The document is the published proceedings from a symposium for medical doctors on the subject of wireless technology and EHS held at the Environmental Health Clinic at Women's College Hospital (Toronto) in 2019.</div><div><br /></div><div>The presenters include Riina Bray, MD; Anthony Miller, PhD; Magda Havas, PhD; Meg Sears, PhD; Jennifer Armstrong, MD; Barbara Payne; David Fancy, PhD; Shelley Wright; Frank Clegg; Robert Steller; and Melissa Chalmers.</div><div><br /></div><div>The proceedings can be downloaded: <b><a data-dlb="true" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.womenscollegehospital.ca/assets/pdf/environmental/Clinical%2520Practice%2520Guidelines%2520for%2520EHS%2520and%2520Symposium%2520Proceedings%2520-%2520Final.pdf&source=gmail&ust=1603561813115000&usg=AFQjCNEE4ulbtwrR1vL3jKdz9N2cUZB15w" href="https://www.womenscollegehospital.ca/assets/pdf/environmental/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines%20for%20EHS%20and%20Symposium%20Proceedings%20-%20Final.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/EHSsymposium</a>.</b></div></span></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Metabolomics and psychological features in fibromyalgia and electromagnetic sensitivity</b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Cristina Piras, Stella Conte, Monica Pibiri, Giacomo Rao, Sandro Muntoni, Vera Piera Leoni, Gabriele Finco, Luigi Atzori.
Metabolomics and psychological features in fibromyalgia and electromagnetic sensitivity. Scientific Reports volume 10, Article number: 20418 (2020). <br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Fibromyalgia (FM) as Fibromyalgia and Electromagnetic Sensitivity (IEI-EMF) are a chronic and systemic syndrome. The main symptom is represented by strong and widespread pain in the musculoskeletal system. The exact causes that lead to the development of FM and IEI-EMF are still unknown. Interestingly, the proximity to electrical and electromagnetic devices seems to trigger and/or amplify the symptoms. </span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">We investigated the blood plasma metabolome in IEI-EMF and healthy subjects using 1H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. All the individuals were subjected to tests for the evaluation of psychological and physical features. </span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">No significant differences between IEI-EMF and controls relative to personality aspects, Locus of Control, and anxiety were found. Multivariate statistical analysis on the metabolites identified by NMR analysis allowed the identification of a distinct metabolic profile between IEI-EMF and healthy subjects. IEI-EMF were characterized by higher levels of glycine and pyroglutamate, and lower levels of 2-hydroxyisocaproate, choline, glutamine, and isoleucine compared to healthy subjects. These metabolites are involved in several metabolic pathways mainly related to oxidative stress defense, pain mechanisms, and muscle metabolism. </span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The results here obtained highlight possible physiopathological mechanisms in IEI-EMF patients to be better defined.<div dir="ltr"><br /></div><div>Open access paper: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-76876-8" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-76876-8</a></div><div></div></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><div class="gmail_quote"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Heart rate variability in healthy young
adults exposed to global system for mobile communication (GSM) 900-MHz
radiofrequency signal from mobile phones</b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Wallace J, Andrianome S, Ghosn R, Blanchard ES, Telliez F, Selmaoui B.
Heart rate variability in healthy young adults exposed to global system
for mobile communication (GSM) 900-MHz radiofrequency signal from mobile
phones.
Environ Res. 2020 Aug 23;191:110097.</span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Abstract<br /><br />Given the large
number of mobile phone users and the increasing exposure to
radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) worldwide, we aimed to
study the effect of RF-EMF related to mobile phones on heart rate
variability (HRV). </span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;">Twenty-six <u>healthy young adults</u> participated in two
experimental sessions with a double-blind, randomized and
counter-balanced crossover design. During each session, participants
were exposed for 26 min to a sham or real 900 MHz RF-EMF, generated by a
commercial dual-band Global System for Mobile technology (GSM) mobile
phone. We recorded an electrocardiogram at rest during the exposure. We
evaluated HRV by time- and frequency-domain analysis.</span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><u><br /></u></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><u> Evaluation of
time-domain HRV parameters revealed a statistically significant increase
of the standard deviation of interbeat intervals (SDNN) during the real
exposure</u>. Other time-domain parameters were not affected. <u>Analysis in
the frequency-domain demonstrated that total spectral power and
low-frequency band (LF) absolute power were significantly increased
during exposure (p = .046 and p = .043, respectively).</u> However, other
parameters were not affected. </span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;">In conclusion, it seems that most HRV
parameters were not affected by GSM signal exposure in our study. The
weak effect observed on HRV frequency-domain is likely to represent a
random occurrence rather than a real effect.</span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32846174/&source=gmail&ust=1600195037677000&usg=AFQjCNEY5dzIzVxWu0gi3f4qu3VxxW1fcA" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32846174/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/32846174/</span></a></div></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--<br /><br />
</span><div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">The enigma of headaches associated with electromagnetic hyperfrequencies: Hypotheses supporting non-psychogenic algogenic processes</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Toffa DH, Sow AD.
The enigma of headaches associated with electromagnetic hyperfrequencies: Hypotheses supporting non-psychogenic algogenic processes.
Electromagn Biol Med. 2020 May 13:1-10. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1762638.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Although an electrohypersensitivity (EHS) is reported in numerous studies, some authors associate hyperfrequencies (HF)-related pains with a nocebo effect while others suggest a biological effect. Therefore, we aimed to suggest hypotheses about the complex mechanisms of headaches related to HF-exposure. We crossed basic features of headaches with relevant studies (from the year 2000 up to 2018) emphasizing on the HF effects that may lead to pain genesis: neuroglial dysmetabolism, neuroinflammation, changes in cerebral blood perfusion, blood-brain barrier dysfunction and electrophysiological evidences of hyperexcitability. We privileged studies implying a sham exposure (for in vivo studies) and a specific absorption rate lower than 4 W/Kg. HF-induced headaches may involve an indirect inflammatory process (neurogenic, magnetogenic or thermogenic) as well as a direct biophysical effect (thermogenic or magnetogenic). We linked inflammatory processes to meningeal dysperfusion or primary neuroglial dysfunction triggered by non-thermal irradiation or HF-induced heating at thermal powers. In the latter case, HF-induced excitoxicity and oxidative stress probably play a crucial role. Such disorders may lead to vascular-trigeminal activation in predisposed people. Interestingly, an abnormal oxidative stress predisposition had been demonstrated in overall 80% of EHS self-reporting patients. In the case of direct effects, pain pathways' activation may be directly triggered by HF-irradiation (heating and/or transcranial HF-induced ectopic action potentials). Further research on HF-related headaches is needed.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32401641" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32401641</a></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Electromagnetic HFs are non-ionizing radiations that have complex interactions with intracranial structures. These radiations can significantly impact on neuroglial excitability and induce direct or indirect changes in the permeability of the BBB and meningeal capillaries. All these objective interactions can lead to the induction of headaches either by non-thermal/thermal proinflammatory mechanisms, by thermal stimulation of trigeminal endings, or also by ectopic discharges genesis. However, we believe that unless there occurs a prolonged and high-intensity exposure, a low threshold for vascular trigeminal activation seems crucial to promote headaches in EHS people. Our hypotheses are based on the conclusions of several studies targeting the brain effects of HF. However, further experiments based on the current assumptions should be conducted. In practice, since it is impossible to avoid HF exposure in modern society, it is important to emphasize awareness to reduce this exposure, especially in EHS individuals. Moreover, since some of the mechanisms described above can lead to durable neuroglial processes, chronic exposure in predisposed people can result in brain disorders (headaches or other) that increasingly evolve independently from HF triggering.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--<br />
</span><h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Symptoms Experienced by Persons with Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity: Submissions to FCC Docket #13-84</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">This report summarizes the responses of 184 persons with self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) who submitted comments to the FCC (Docket #13-84) and reported either their symptoms or the sources of their problematic exposure to radio frequency radiation.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/goog_1690200910"><br /></a></b></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/05/EHSsubmissionstoFCC.html" target="_blank">https://www.saferemr.com/2020/05/EHSsubmissionstoFCC.html</a></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
</span><div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS, microwave syndrome) </b><b>– </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Review of mechanisms</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Stein Y, Udasin IG. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS, microwave syndrome) – Review of mechanisms.
Environmental Research. Vol 186. Available online 30 March 2020, 109445. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109445" target="_blank"><b>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.<wbr></wbr>envres.2020.109445</b></a><br /><br />Abstract</span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), known in the past as “Microwave syndrome”, is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of a wide spectrum of non-specific multiple organ symptoms, typically including central nervous system symptoms, that occur following the patient's acute or chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields in the environment or in occupational settings. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Numerous studies have shown biological effects at the cellular level of electromagnetic fields (EMF) at magnetic (ELF) and radio-frequency (RF) frequencies in extremely low intensities. Many of the mechanisms described for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) apply with modification to EHS. Repeated exposures result in sensitization and consequent enhancement of response. Many hypersensitive patients appear to have impaired detoxification systems that become overloaded by excessive oxidative stress. EMF can induce changes in calcium signaling cascades, significant activation of free radical processes and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living cells as well as altered neurological and cognitive functions and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Magnetite crystals absorbed from combustion air pollution could have an important role in brain effects of EMF. Autonomic nervous system effects of EMF could also be expressed as symptoms in the cardiovascular system. Other common effects of EMF include effects on skin, microvasculature, immune and hematologic systems. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">It is concluded that the mechanisms underlying the symptoms of EHS are biologically plausible and that many organic physiologic responses occur following EMF exposure. Patients can have neurologic, neuro-hormonal and neuro-psychiatric symptoms following exposure to EMF as a consequence of neural damage and over-sensitized neural responses. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">More relevant diagnostic tests for EHS should be developed. Exposure limits should be lowered to safeguard against biologic effects of EMF. Spread of local and global wireless networks should be decreased, and safer wired networks should be used instead of wireless, to protect susceptible members of the public. Public places should be made accessible for electrohypersensitive individuals.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Mechanisms </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Many of the mechanisms described for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) apply with modification to EHS. Repeated exposures result in sensitization and consequent enhancement of response (Overstreet, 2001; Latremoliere and Woolf, 2009; Molot, 2013; Sage, 2015). Many hypersensitive patients appear to have impaired detoxification systems that become overloaded by excessive oxidative stress (Korkina, 2009; De Luca et al., 2014). Patients can have neurologic, neuro-hormonal and neuro-psychiatric symptoms following exposure to EMF as a consequence of neural damage and over-sensitized neural responses (Dwyer and Leeper, 1978; Pall, 2016). EMF can induce changes in calcium signaling cascades (Liboff, 1984; Blackman et al., 1985; Smith et al., 1987; Pall, 2013, 2015), significant activation of free radical processes and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living cells (Irmak et al., 2002; Zmyslony et al., 2004; Friedman et al., 2007; Blank and Goodman, 2009; De Iuliis et al., 2009; Georgiou, 2010; Avci et al., 2012; Jing et al., 2012; Bilgici et al., 2013; Burlaka et al., 2013) as well as altered neurological and cognitive functions (Frey, 1961; Thomas et al., 1986; Carrubba et al., 2007; Nittby et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2010; Molot, 2013; Yakymenko et al., 2016; Pall, 2016; Kim et al., 2017) and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (Salford et al., 2008; Nittby et al., 2009). Magnetite crystals absorbed from combustion air pollution could have an important role in brain effects of EMF (Maher et al., 2016).</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusions </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In the modern world, exposure to electromagnetic radiation has become inescapable. There are many people who develop adverse health effects as a result of exposure to EMF. This review of the literature included numerous self-reported neurologic and neuropsychiatric symptoms which have a temporal relationship to EMF exposures. Further studies suggest that EMF exposure may be associated with changes in cerebral blood flow which correspond to abnormalities on PET scan of the brain. Some of the researchers have even localized the brain abnormalities to the temporal lobe, thought to be the closest site of exposure to cell phones. Because of the widespread use of EMF technology, it is difficult to avoid exposure.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper: <a href="https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/1061559548743/EHS%20Mechanisms%20YS%20IU.pdf" target="_blank">https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/1061559548743/EHS%20Mechanisms%20YS%20IU.pdf</a></span><br />
<br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br /><br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Electrohypersensitivity
as a Newly Identified and Characterized Neurologic Pathological
Disorder:</span></b></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span></b></span></b><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">How to Diagnose, Treat, and Prevent It</span></b></span></b></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Belpomme D, Irigaray P. Electrohypersensitivity as a Newly Identified and Characterized Neurologic Pathological Disorder: How to Diagnose, Treat, and Prevent It.<span role="menubar"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32168876#" role="menuitem" title="International journal of molecular sciences."> Int J Mol Sci.</a></span> 2020 Mar 11;21(6). pii: E1915. doi: 10.3390/ijms21061915.</span><br />
</span><div class="gmail-auths">
</div>
<div class="gmail-auths">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail-auths">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
<div class="gmail-abstr">
<div class="gmail-">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Since
2009, we built up a database which presently includes more than 2000
electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and/or multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)
self-reported cases. This database shows that EHS is associated in 30%
of the cases with MCS, and that MCS precedes the occurrence of EHS in
37% of these EHS/MCS-associated cases. EHS and MCS can be characterized
clinically by a similar symptomatic picture, and biologically by
low-grade inflammation and an autoimmune response involving
autoantibodies against O-myelin. Moreover, 80% of the patients with EHS
present with one, two, or three detectable oxidative stress biomarkers
in their peripheral blood, meaning that overall these patients present
with a true objective somatic disorder. Moreover, by using ultrasonic
cerebral tomosphygmography and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, we
showed that cases have a defect in the middle cerebral artery
hemodynamics, and we localized a tissue pulsometric index deficiency in
the capsulo-thalamic area of the temporal lobes, suggesting the
involvement of the limbic system and the thalamus. Altogether, these
data strongly suggest that EHS is a neurologic pathological disorder
which can be diagnosed, treated, and prevented. Because EHS is becoming a
new insidious worldwide plague involving millions of people, we ask the
World Health Organization (WHO) to include EHS as a neurologic disorder
in the international classification of diseases.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Conclusions</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In summary, we showed that there are presently sufficient clinical, biological, and radiological data for EHS to be acknowledged as a well-defined, objectively identified, and characterized pathological neurologic disorder. As a result, patients who self-report they suffer from EHS should be diagnosed and treated on the basis of presently available biological tests, including the detection of peripheral blood and urine biomarkers and the use of imaging techniques such as fMRI, TDU, and, when possible, UCTS. Moreover, because we showed for the first time that EHS is frequently associated with MCS and that both clinico-biological entities may be associated with a common physiopathological mechanism for genesis, it clearly appears that they can be identified as a unique neurologic pathological syndrome whatever their causal origin. Moreover; as it was shown that MCS genesis may be attributed to toxic chemical exposure, and EHS genesis to potentially excessive EMF and/or chemical exposure; protective measures against these two environmental stressors should be taken. Whatever its causal origin and mechanism of action, EHS should therefore be from now on recognized as a new identified and characterized neurological pathological disorder. As it is already a real health plague potentially involving millions of people worldwide it should be acknowledged by WHO, and thus be included in the WHO ICD. As stated during the international scientific consensus meeting on EHS and MCS that we have organized in 2015 in Brussels, scientists unanimously asked WHO to urgently assume its responsibilities, by classifying EHS and MCS as separate codes in the ICD; so as to increase scientific awareness of these two pathological entities in the medical community and the general public, and to foster research and train medical practitioners to e ciently diagnose, treat, and prevent EHS and MCS–which in fact constitute a unique, well-defined, and identifiable new neurologic disease.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/6/1915" target="_blank"><b>https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/6/1915</b></a></span><br />
<br /></span></div>
</div>
</div><span style="font-family: arial;">
--<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Electrohypersensitivity (EHS) is an Environmentally-Induced Disability that Requires Immediate Attention</b></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Havas M.
Electrohypersensitivity (EHS) is an Environmentally-Induced Disability that Requires Immediate Attention. Review Article. J Sci Discov. 3(1):jsd18020;DOI:10.24262/jsd.3.1.18020. 2019.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">A
growing number of countries are beginning to acknowledge that
electrohypersensitivity (EHS) exists and a few countries have classified
it as a disability or a functional impairment attributable to the
environment. Epidemiological studies and in vivo experiments show that
exposure to non-ionizing radiation (NIR) from extremely low to microwave
frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) at exposure intensities far
below the maximum limits in international guidelines increases anxiety,
depression, and physiological stress and impairs cognitive functions
that include concentration, memory and learning. Furthermore, exposure
to NIR contributes to neurodegenerative diseases including dementia,
Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis,
Parkinson’s disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism
spectrum disorder. Exposure of the fetus to NIR (mobile phone) affects
the neonatal heart and can lead to emotional and behavioral problems in
human offspring. Similar exposures in laboratory studies report impaired
cognitive performance, neuronal losses and pathological changes in the
brain of rat offspring. The scientific and medical communities have
repeatedly sent out urgent warnings, in the form of appeals,
declarations and testimonies, that exposure to NIR needs to be reduced
from a public health perspective. These warnings have been largely
ignored. With continued development of wireless technology and the
imminent roll out of new and densified technologies (e.g., 5G
technology, satellite constellations, repeaters, wearables, Internet of
Things), society will pay an enormous price for disregarding these
warnings. It is long overdue for those responsible for public health,
the health of children and health policy to take these warnings
seriously and to provide a refuge for those afflicted by EHS. EHS is
real, it is exacerbated by exposure to NIR, it is increasing among the
population and when severe it becomes a disability. Action is long
overdue to minimize exposure to NIR and to provide a safe environment that all can enjoy.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Environments contaminated by electrosmog can be devastating to those individuals who are already impaired by electromagnetic exposures. Unfortunately, these environments may also induce impairment in previously unimpaired individuals. Fetal exposure is particularly </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">disturbing as it can affect the life of the offspring, as shown in both human and animal studies. The research reported here is regarding undesirable disruption of neurological and hormonal functions such that either cognitive or physical ability becomes impaired.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
</span>
<br />
</span><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;">According to this research, exposure to EMF or EMR at levels far below the maximum limits in federal guidelines can contribute to deficits in memory and learning; increase the stress response and lead to mood disorders, including both anxiety and depression; contribute to symptoms of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; contribute to neurodegenerative disorders and exacerbate symptoms of multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and various types of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Removal of the EMF/EMR exposure can ameliorate the impairing symptoms for many with EHS and/or reduce requirements for prescriptive medications and care. Mechanisms of action involve neurotransmitter disturbances, oxidative stress, programmed cell death (apoptosis), increase in stress proteins, reduced growth of nerve cells, DNA damage and altered hormonal levels.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">With the impending deployment of 5G (5th Generation </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Wireless technology and the Internet of Things), exposure </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">to mm [millimeter] waves will dramatically increase, further densifying </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">our current electrosmog exposure.</span></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Scientists and physicians familiar with EHS have </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">submitted multiple appeals and declarations to governing </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">agencies in an attempt to reduce exposure to </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">electromagnetic frequencies. They recommend establishing </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">more protective emission and exposure guidelines; </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">designing technologies that emit EMR less often, at lower </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">intensity and with a reduced radiation footprint; educating </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">health care providers; informing the public; and </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">establishing radiation-free environments for persons with </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">EHS.</span></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Agencies responsible for assuring disabled persons are </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">included, and welcomed, in their communities and have </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">equal access to necessities and enjoyment of life have </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">provided little support for those suffering with EHS, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">presumably due to lack of information and/or unintentional, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">yet nevertheless in appropriate, attitudinal barriers. It is my </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">hope that this document will encourage federal and state </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">agencies, as well as other jurisdictions and decision-makers, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">to take EHS seriously and to help individuals affected by </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">this physiological condition and to support their families. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">According to the World Health Organization (2015) the </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">level of severity of EHS is classified as being severe for </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">approximately 10% of individuals who report EHS </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">symptoms. This percentage is likely to increase as more </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">EMF-emitting technologies, such as 5G, mm waves and </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Internet of Things, are deployed.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="http://www.e-discoverypublication.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/JSD18020-final.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.e-discoverypublication.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/JSD18020-final.pdf</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--<br />
</span><div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Shielding methods and products against man-made Electromagnetic Fields: Protection versus risk</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Panagopoulos DJ, Chrousos GP.
Shielding methods and products against man-made Electromagnetic Fields: Protection versus risk.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 23;667:255-262. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.344.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Highlights</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">• Human exposure to man-made EMFs has increased with increasing health problems.<br />• Metal shielding is lately suggested by private companies/individuals as a way to reduce exposure.<br />• Metal shielding reduces both man-made and natural atmospheric EMFs.<br />• EHS symptom relapses and internal desynchronization are reported after shielding.<br />• An avoidance strategy of man-made EMFs should be preferable than metal shielding.
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Abstract<br /><br />Human exposure to man-made
Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) has increased to unprecedented levels,
accompanied by increase in various health problems. A connection has
been indicated by an increasing number of studies. Symptoms
characterized as Electro-hyper-sensitivity (EHS) are frequently reported
especially in urban environments. Lately, people are advised by private
companies and individuals to protect themselves from man-made EMFs by
metal shielding through various products, for which there are reasonable
concerns about their protective efficacy and safety. Indeed, any metal
shielding practice, even when correctly applied, attenuates not only
man-made totally polarized EMFs accused for the health problems, but
also the natural non-polarized EMFs responsible for the biological
rhythmicity and well-being of all animals. Strong evidence on this was
provided by pioneering experiments in the 1960's and 1970's, with
volunteers staying in a shielded underground apartment. We analyze the
physical principles of EMF-shielding, the importance of natural
atmospheric EMFs, and examine available shielding methods and suggested
products, relying on science-based evidence. We suggest that an
avoidance strategy is safer than shielding, and provide specific
protection tips. We do not reject shielding in general, but describe
ways to keep it at a minimum by intermittent use, as this is
theoretically safer than extensive permanent shielding. We explain why
metallic patches or "chips" or minerals claimed by sellers to be
protective, do not seem to make sense and might even be risky. We
finally suggest urgent research on the safety and efficacy of shielding
methods combined with use of generators emitting weak pulses of similar
frequency, intensity, and waveform with the natural atmospheric
resonances.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30831365" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30831365</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--<br />
<br />
</span><div class="gmail-m_-1731761982063206856gmail-m_-4222833108872332766gmail-FR_field">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Individual
variation in temporal relationships between RF exposure & physical
symptoms: </span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">A new approach in studying 'electrosensitivity'</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Bogers
RP, van Gils A, Clahsen SCS, Vercruijsse W, van Kamp I, Baliatsas C,
Rosmalen JGM, Bolte JFB. Individual
variation in temporal relationships between exposure to radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields and non-specific physical symptoms: A new
approach in studying 'electrosensitivity'. Environ Int. 2018 Sep
15;121(Pt 1):297-307. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.064. </span><br />
</span><div class="gmail-m_-1731761982063206856gmail-m_-4222833108872332766gmail-FR_field">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail-m_-1731761982063206856gmail-m_-4222833108872332766gmail-FR_field">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract<br /><br />BACKGROUND:
Everyday exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF)
emitted from wireless devices such as mobile phones and base stations,
radio and television transmitters is ubiquitous. Some people attribute
non-specific physical symptoms (NSPS) such as headache and fatigue to
exposure to RF-EMF. Most previous laboratory studies or studies that
analyzed populations at a group level did not find evidence of an
association between RF-EMF exposure and NSPS.<br /><br />OBJECTIVES: We
explored the association between exposure to RF-EMF in daily life and
the occurrence of NSPS in individual self-declared electrohypersensitive
persons using body worn exposimeters and electronic diaries.<br /><br />METHODS:
We selected seven individuals who attributed their NSPS to RF-EMF
exposure. The level of and variability in personal RF-EMF exposure and
NSPS were determined during a three-week period. Data were analyzed
using time series analysis in which exposure as measured and recorded in
the diary was correlated with NSPS.<br /><br />RESULTS: We found
statistically significant correlations between perceived and actual
exposure to wireless internet (WiFi - rate of change and number of peaks
above threshold) and base stations for mobile telecommunications
(GSM + UMTS downlink, rate of change) and NSPS scores in four of the
seven participants. In two persons a higher EMF exposure was associated
with higher symptom scores, and in two other persons it was associated
with lower scores. Remarkably, we found no significant correlations
between NSPS and time-weighted average power density, the most commonly
used exposure metric.<br /><br />CONCLUSIONS: RF-EMF exposure was associated
either positively or negatively with NSPS in some but not all of the
selected self-declared electrohypersensitive persons.</span></div>
<div class="gmail-m_-1731761982063206856gmail-m_-4222833108872332766gmail-FR_field">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail-m_-1731761982063206856gmail-m_-4222833108872332766gmail-FR_field">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30227317" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30227317</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--</span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Characteristics of perceived electromagnetic hypersensitivity </span></b><b><span style="font-family: arial;">in the general population</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Gruber MJ, Palmquist E, Nordin S.
Characteristics of perceived electromagnetic hypersensitivity in the general population.
Scand J Psychol. 2018 May 9. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12449.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Health
problems evoked in the presence of electrical equipment is a concern,
calling for better understanding for characteristics of electromagnetic
hypersensitivity (EHS) in the general population. The present study
investigated demographics, lifestyle factors, frequency and duration,
coping strategies, proportion meeting clinical criteria for intolerance
attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and comorbidity. Using data
from a large-scale population-based questionnaire study, we investigated
persons with self-reported (n = 91) EHS in comparison to referents (n =
3,250). Middle age, female sex and poor perceived health was found to
be associated with EHS. More than 50% in the EHS group reported having
EMF-related symptoms more often than once a week, and the mean number of
years experiencing EHS was 10.5. More than half of the EHS group
reported that their symptoms started after a high-dose or long-term EMF
exposure, that they actively tried to avoid EMF sources and that they
mostly could affect the EMF environment. A minority of the EHS group had
sought medical attention, been diagnosed by a physician or received
treatment. Exhaustion syndrome, anxiety disorder, back/joint/muscle
disorder, depression, functional somatic syndrome and migraine were
comorbid with EHS. The results provide ground for future study of these
characteristic features being risk factors for development of EHS and or
consequences of EHS.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29741795" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29741795</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br /><br />
</span><div class="gmail_quote">
<div style="overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Hypersensitivity
to electromagnetic waves: research efforts should be scaled up </span></b></div>
<div style="overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">and
suitable care provided for the people concerned</span></b></div>
<div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">March 27, 2018</span><br /><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Today the Agency is publishing the results of its expert
appraisal on hypersensitivity to electromagnetic waves. This work drew
on all the available scientific literature, as well as on numerous
hearings with hospital and general practitioners, researchers,
associations, and the people concerned. The expert appraisal revealed
the great complexity of the issue of electrohypersensitivity (EHS),
while concluding that according to the current state of knowledge, there
is no solid experimental evidence establishing a causal link between
exposure to electromagnetic fields and the symptoms described by the
people declaring themselves as electrohypersensitive. The Agency also
emphasised that the suffering and pain expressed by the people declaring
themselves as electrohypersensitive is a reality of life, requiring
them to adapt their daily lives to cope with it. In this context, the
Agency recommends providing suitable care for the people concerned and
pursuing research work, in particular by setting up studies whose
experimental conditions take into account the circumstances of people
declaring themselves as EHS.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Radiofrequency electromagnetic waves have been a major health,
environmental and societal concern for several years now, in France and
abroad. Despite the measures taken to regulate and monitor the levels of
exposure to electromagnetic fields, for several decades the scientific
literature has regularly reported cases of people suffering from various
disorders attributed to exposure to fields emitted by household
appliances, electrical facilities and communicating devices.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In this context, the Agency has published several opinions and
collective expert appraisal reports, particularly in 2003, 2005, 2009,
2013 and, most recently, in 2016, on the potential health risks of
exposure to radiofrequency waves. It also wished to pay due attention to
the issue of electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), by devoting a
specific in-depth expert appraisal to this subject.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">This expert appraisal, whose results are published today, was based
on an analysis of the scientific literature and on numerous hearings
(with hospital and general practitioners, researchers, associations and
the people concerned). It was also supplemented with data based on more
than 500 additional comments from scientists and stakeholders, in the
framework of the open public consultation that ran from 27 July to 15
October 2016, and which was based on a preliminary expert appraisal
report.</span><br />
</span><h3>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">
Agency conclusions and recommendations</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Agency's expert appraisal showed the great complexity of the
issue of electro-hypersensitivity. First of all, there are currently no
validated diagnostic criteria for EHS, and the expert appraisal found
that it is only possible to define EHS on the basis of self-reporting by
individuals.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Agency also concluded that the pain and suffering (headaches,
sleep, attention and memory disorders, social isolation, etc.) expressed
by the people declaring themselves as electrohypersensitive is a
reality of life, requiring them to adapt their daily lives to cope with
it.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The 40 experts, who worked on this expert appraisal for almost four
years, investigated many hypotheses in an attempt to understand these
symptoms. However, current scientific knowledge shows no cause and
effect relationship between the symptoms of people declaring themselves
as electrohypersensitive and their exposure to electromagnetic waves.
Nevertheless, these symptoms, which can have a significant impact on the
quality of life of these people, require and warrant suitable care by
health and social service players.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">To this end, the Agency recommends asking the French National
Authority for Health to consider the relevance of formulating
recommendations for health professionals to ensure suitable care for
people declaring themselves as electrohypersensitive. The Agency also
recommends developing training for health professionals on the issue of
electrohypersensitivity and training for social service professionals in
supporting and counselling people declaring themselves as
electrohypersensitive, as well as taking their questions and
expectations into account in their practices and fostering greater
coordination between the players involved in their care.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Agency also recommends continuing research:</span><br />
</span><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">
by strengthening the interactions between scientists and associations of people declaring themselves as electrohypersensitive;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">
by supporting the establishment of research infrastructure suitable
for investigating EHS, mainly in order to conduct long-term follow-up
studies, while ensuring that the experimental conditions are controlled
and take into account the circumstances of people declaring themselves
as electrohypersensitive;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">
by securing long-term funding for research work on the health effects of radiofrequencies.<br /><span class="HOEnZb"><span style="color: #888888;">
</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="https://www.anses.fr/en/content/hypersensitivity-electromagnetic-waves-research-efforts-should-be-scaled-and-suitable-care" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.anses.fr/en/<wbr></wbr>content/hypersensitivity-<wbr></wbr>electromagnetic-waves-<wbr></wbr>research-efforts-should-be-<wbr></wbr>scaled-and-suitable-care</span></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Report (in French):</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
</span><div>
<a href="https://www.anses.fr/en/system/files/AP2011SA0150Ra.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.anses.fr/en/<wbr></wbr>system/files/AP2011SA0150Ra.<wbr></wbr>pdf</span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
</span><div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Vital Signs with Dr. Sanjay Gupta</b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dr. Sanjay Gupta, CNN's Chief Medical Correspondent, has produced a program on <b>Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity</b> which was aired on CNN International and on CNN in the U.S. in October and November, 2017.</span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />You can watch the program online now by viewing the following three videos on the CNN website:</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Part 1 (9-minute video):<b> Welcome to the National Quiet Zone</b>
- with Diane Schou and Dr. David Carpenter. In a small West Virginia
town, a restriction on wireless internet and phone signals provides a
refuge to disconnect. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://cnn.it/2floP7A&source=gmail&ust=1506452186817000&usg=AFQjCNEWa4FEiE0WrkpK5waXdi-lSP3Lxg" href="http://cnn.it/2floP7A" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">http://cnn.it/2floP7A</span></a><br />
</span><div class="gmail_default" style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Part 2 (7-minute video): <b>Reducing Wireless Exposure </b>-
with Dr. Joel Moskowitz, Melissa Chalmers, Kevin Mottus, and Dafna
Tachover. As the world becomes more connected, how can you reduce your
exposure to electromagnetic fields?<br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://cnn.it/2yBjBgB&source=gmail&ust=1506452186817000&usg=AFQjCNGL8huTX4lC-vYioz4lejYEpusvfw" href="http://cnn.it/2yBjBgB" target="_blank">http://cnn.it/2yBjBgB</a></span><br />
</span><div class="gmail_default" style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Part 3 (5-minute video): <b>Living in the National Quiet Zone</b> - with Leo Halepli. What life is like for a young man from Turkey now living in the small town of Green Bank, West Virginia.<span class="m_-3796853637747896848gmail-metadata__source-name" id="m_-3796853637747896848gmail-js-video_sourceName-lbrbmw"></span></span></div>
<div>
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://cnn.it/2wgekcD&source=gmail&ust=1506452186817000&usg=AFQjCNEez94hJUtyLZXSzmrZAjWT3oaWsg" href="http://cnn.it/2wgekcD" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">http://cnn.it/2wgekcD</span></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Note</b>: Dr. Gupta's statement that non-ionizing radiation cannot cause DNA damage is false. The <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.saferemr.com/2016/05/national-toxicology-progam-finds-cell.html&source=gmail&ust=1506452186817000&usg=AFQjCNH3ZTA36AIsAsNTymc2B4WgIMohIw" href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/05/national-toxicology-progam-finds-cell.html" target="_blank">National Toxicology Program</a> found that mice and rats exposed to non-ionizing, cell phone radiation developed DNA damage. <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://bit.ly/2qCGM4F&source=gmail&ust=1506452186817000&usg=AFQjCNGn4hbWDAn59i7Aqej2hTKSyUSFtQ" href="http://bit.ly/2qCGM4F" target="_blank">Numerous studies</a>
have found evidence of DNA damage from exposure to low-intensity
radiofrequency radiation (RFR). At least seven published studies have found evidence of DNA damage in humans. The DNA damage may be an indirect
effect of the oxidative stress caused by exposure to RFR. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Discussion Questions: </b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Why
doesn't our federal government conduct or fund research on electromagnetic hypersensitivity and other health effects (e.g., cancer,
reproductive and neurological damage) associated with exposure to
radio frequency radiation? The only major study the government has
conducted in the past two decades, the National Toxicology Program study
on second-generation (2G) cell phone radiation, was requested by the
FDA in 1999 and still has not been finalized.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Why
doesn't the Federal Communications Commission update its decades-old
guidelines for radio frequency radiation exposure based upon the latest
international research that finds biologic and health effects from
current levels of exposure to radio frequency radiation?</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
</span><div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="color: #4a4949; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">
<b><span style="color: #4a4949;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Related Post:</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.saferemr.com/2015/10/how-does-wireless-radiation-produce.html&source=gmail&ust=1506452186818000&usg=AFQjCNF-BW0Hqf4OPEPkbQXvGgVFyvLz4w" href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/10/how-does-wireless-radiation-produce.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">How does wireless radiation produce harmful health effects?</span></a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--<br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Mobile Phone Use and The Risk of Headache: </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-sectional Studies</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Wang
J, Su H1, Xie W, Yu S. Mobile Phone Use and The Risk of Headache: A
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-sectional Studies. Sci Rep.
2017 Oct 3;7(1):12595. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12802-9. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />Headache
is increasingly being reported as a detrimental effect of mobile phone
(MP) use. However, studies aimed to investigate the association between
MP use and headache yielded conflicting results. To assess the
consistency of the data on the topic, we performed a systematic review
and meta-analysis of the available cross-sectional studies. Published
literature from PubMed and other databases were retrieved and screened,
and 7 cross-sectional studies were finally included in this
meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval
(CI) were calculated. We found that the risk of headache was increased
by 38% in MP user compared with non-MP user (OR, 1.38; 95% CI,
1.18-1.61, p < 0.001). Among MP users, the risk of headache was also
increased in those who had longer daily call duration (2-15 min vs.
<2 min: OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.34-1.98, p < 0.001; >15 min vs.
<2 min: OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.76-3.54, p < 0.001) and higher daily
call frequency (2-4 calls vs. <2 calls: OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.76,
p < 0.001; >4 calls vs. <2 calls: OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.78-3.58,
p < 0.001). Our data indicate that MP use is significantly associated
with headache, further epidemiologic and experimental studies are
required to affirm and understand this association.</span><br /><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />The underlying mechanism of the
association between MP use and headache remains unclear but some suggest
that breakdown of the blood-brain barrier due to exposure to low
intensity MP frequency microwave energy may be involved 33,34,35,36.
Also, the dopamine-opiate system may be involved in headaches and low
intensity electromagnetic energy exposure affects those systems
37,38,39. However, since Frey’s group first reported headaches occurring
after microwave energy exposure at approximately the same frequencies
and incident energies that present day MP emit40, the exact mechanism under this association is still not fully understood now.<br /><br />The
results of our meta-analysis and lots of previous studies herein
supported current clinical opinion that MP use may cause increased risk
for headache. Therefore, it is advisable to admit that the use of MP is a
risk factor for headache. In Stalin’s study 18 and Chiu’s study 19, the
prevalence of MP usage among adult and children was 69.8% and 63.2%
respectively in their study population, and that was only the data from
two years ago. We could foresee the prevalence of MP usage will be
higher in the future. So it is also advisable to suggest that excessive
use of MP should be avoided by increasing social awareness through
health promotion activities. It is imperative that health care
professionals, clinicians and common people are educated about the
deleterious influence of MP on headache. And it is reasonable to
instruct children and adolescent about a prudent use of MPs. In
addition, we encourage screening of headache patients during routine
clinical visits to identify those patients to explore excessive MP use
as a potential cause. Intervention and policies must be developed,
evaluated and carry out at the population level to raise the awareness
of the potential adverse health effect to decrease the headache caused
by MP using.<br /><br />Open Access Paper: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12802-9" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12802-9</a></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
--<br />
<br />
</span><div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Special Issue on Ecopsychology and Environmental Sensitivities: </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Chemical, Electrical, and Beyond</span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ecopsychology, Vol. 9, Issue 2</span></b><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://online.liebertpub.com/toc/eco/9/2&source=gmail&ust=1498863161159000&usg=AFQjCNFyO9GhnEE4dEVVVng-d3hw9DYw6A" href="http://online.liebertpub.com/toc/eco/9/2" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">http://online.liebertpub.com/<wbr></wbr>toc/eco/9/2</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">EUROPAEM
EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment </span></b><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">of
EMF-related health problems and illnesses</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
Belyaev I, Dean A, Eger H, Hubmann G, Jandrisovits R, Kern M,
Kundi M, Moshammer H, Lercher P, Müller K, Oberfeld G, Ohnsorge P,
Pelzmann P, Scheingraber C, Thill R. EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the
prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and
illnesses.Rev Environ Health. Publ online 2016 Jul 25. doi:
10.1515/reveh-2016-0011.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><br />
<b style="font-size: 11pt;"><br />
Abstract</b><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
Chronic diseases and illnesses associated with unspecific symptoms are on the
rise. In addition to chronic stress in social and work environments, physical
and chemical exposures at home, at work, and during leisure activities are
causal or contributing environmental stressors that deserve attention by the
general practitioner as well as by all other members of the health care
community. It seems certainly necessary now to take "new exposures"
like electromagnetic field (EMF) into account. Physicians are increasingly
confronted with health problems from unidentified causes.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
Studies, empirical observations, and patient reports clearly indicate
interactions between EMF exposure and health problems. Individual
susceptibility and environmental factors are frequently neglected. New wireless
technologies and applications have been introduced without any certainty about
their health effects, raising new challenges for medicine and society. For
instance, the issue of so-called non-thermal effects and potential long-term
effects of low-dose exposure were scarcely investigated prior to the
introduction of these technologies. Common EMF sources include Wi-Fi access
points, routers and clients, cordless and mobile phones including their base
stations, Bluetooth devices, ELF magnetic fields from net currents, ELF
electric fields from electric lamps and wiring close to the bed and office
desk. On the one hand, there is strong evidence that long-term-exposure to
certain EMF exposures is a risk factor for diseases such as certain cancers,
Alzheimer's disease and male infertility. On the other hand, the emerging
electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is more and more recognized by health
authorities, disability administrators and case workers, politicians, as well
as courts of law.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
We recommend treating EHS clinically as part of the group of chronic
multisystem illnesses (CMI) leading to a functional impairment (EHS), but still
recognizing that the underlying cause remains the environment. In the
beginning, EHS symptoms often occur only occasionally, but over time they may
increase in frequency and severity. Common EHS symptoms include headaches,
concentration difficulties, sleeping problems, depression, lack of energy,
fatigue and flu-like symptoms.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
A comprehensive medical history, which should include all symptoms and their
occurrences in spatial and temporal terms and in the context of EMF exposures,
is the key to the diagnosis. The EMF exposure can be assessed by asking for
typical sources like Wi-Fi access points, routers and clients, cordless and
mobile phones and measurements at home and at work. It is very important to
take the individual susceptibility into account.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
The primary method of treatment should mainly focus on the prevention or
reduction of EMF exposure, that is, reducing or eliminating all sources of EMF
at home and in the workplace. The reduction of EMF exposure should also be
extended to public spaces such as schools, hospitals, public transport, and
libraries to enable persons with EHS an unhindered use (accessibility measure).
If a detrimental EMF exposure is reduced sufficiently, the body has a chance to
recover and EHS symptoms will be reduced or even disappear. Many examples have
shown that such measures can prove effective. Also the survival rate of
children with leukemia depends on ELF magnetic field exposure at home.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
To increase the effectiveness of the treatment, the broad range of other
environmental factors that contribute to the total body burden should also be
addressed. Anything that supports a balanced homeostasis will increase a
person's resilience against disease and thus against the adverse effects of EMF
exposure. There is increasing evidence that EMF exposure has a major impact on
the oxidative and nitrosative regulation capacity in affected individuals. This
concept also may explain why the level of susceptibility to EMF can change and
why the number of symptoms reported in the context of EMF exposures is so
large. Based on our current understanding, a treatment approach that minimizes
the adverse effects of peroxynitrite - as has been increasingly used in the
treatment of multisystem disorders - works best.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: 11pt;">
This EMF Guideline gives an overview of the current knowledge regarding
EMF-related health risks and provides concepts for the diagnosis and treatment
and accessibility measures of EHS to improve and restore individual health
outcomes as well as for the development of strategies for prevention.</span><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><a href="http://bit.ly/2asNTuj" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2asNTuj</a></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Electrohypersensitivity:
a functional impairment </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">due to an
inaccessible environment</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br />
Johansson O. Electrohypersensitivity: a functional impairment due to an
inaccessible environment. Rev Environ Health. 2015 Dec 1;30(4):311-21. doi:
10.1515/reveh-2015-0018.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
In Sweden, electrohypersensitivity is recognized as a functional impairment
which implies only the environment as the culprit. The Swedish view provides
persons with this impairment a maximal legal protection, it gives them the
right to get accessibility measures for free, as well as governmental subsidies
and municipality economic support, and to provide them with special Ombudsmen
(at the municipality, the EU, and the UN level, respectively), the right and
economic means to form disability organizations and allow these to be part of
national and international counterparts, all with the simple and single aim to
allow persons with the functional impairment electrohypersensitivity to live an
equal life in a society based on equality. They are not seen as patients, they
do not have an overriding medical diagnosis, but the 'patient' is only the
inferior and potentially toxic environment. This does not mean that a
subjective symptom of a functionally impaired can not be treated by a
physician, as well as get sick-leave from their workplace as well as economic
compensation, and already in the year 2000 such symptoms were identified in the
Internal Code of Diagnoses, version 10 (ICD-10; R68.8/now W90), and have been
since. But the underlying cause still remains only the environment.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br />
<a href="http://1.usa.gov/1YFwzkd" target="_blank">http://1.usa.gov/1YFwzkd</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Excerpts</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The very first case may have been
Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856–7 January 1943) a Serbian-American inventor,
electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist, best known
for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC)
electricity supply system. Descriptions of his health status closely resembles
what we today would have named electro-hypersensitivity. A surge of similar
case reports were also seen during the amateur radio (DX) years.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">In more recent times, as early as
in the 1970s, a report from the former Soviet Union described a “microwave
syndrome”. The Soviet military recognized early on the possible side-effects
from radar and radio radiation. This microwave syndrome was seen in up to a
quarter of the military personnel working with radio and radar equipment. They
showed symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, headaches, problems with
concentration and memory, sleep disturbances, and being hot tempered. The
treatment suggested was a change of assignments and to keep away from exposure.
Rest, physical exercise, and nutritious food were also offered (8).<br />
<br />
Also in the 1970s the newspaper industry was one of the first to supply it’s
employees with personal computers using visual display terminals. Complaints of
headaches and visual problems, as well as clusters of miscarriages and birth
defects in children born to female editors and other newspaper employees,
generated some publicity. In addition, many people who worked in the
electronics industry in Sweden, including an estimated 12% of the electrical
engineers in that industry, became electrically sensitive, and helped form the
current Swedish disability organization ...<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">In the United States,
then-Representative Al Gore held Congressional hearings in 1981 on the health
effects of computer screens ....<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Today the most famous electrohypersensitive
person is Gro Harlem Brundtland (20 April 1939), the former Prime Minister of
Norway and the former Director General of the UN World Health Organization
(WHO).<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">I and my collaborator, Dr.
Shabnam Gangi, in two papers of theoretical nature (27, 28), have put forward a
model for how mast cells and substances secreted from them (e.g. histamine,
heparin, and serotonin) could explain sensitivity to electromagnetic fields...<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">When it comes to functional
impairments, it is always only action that speaks, nothing else. To ensure that
everyone acts within the UN Human Rights Convention is of paramount importance,
and that persons with EHS is promptly given complete accessibility is the only
acceptable goal, as is proper symptom identification and treatment when
possible, but only when asked for by the disabled person Himself/Herself.
However, the latter should never be used instead of the first.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Biomarkers
for diagnosing electrohypersensitivity </span></b><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">&
multiple chemical sensitivity:</span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Two
etiopathogenic aspects of a unique pathological disorder</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Belpomme D, Campagnac C, Irigaray
P. Reliable disease biomarkers characterizing and identifying
electrohypersensitivity and multiple chemical sensitivity as two etiopathogenic
aspects of a unique pathological disorder. Rev Environ Health. 2015 Dec
1;30(4):251-71. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0027.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
Much of the controversy over the causes of electro-hypersensitivity (EHS) and
multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) lies in the absence of both recognized
clinical criteria and objective biomarkers for widely accepted diagnosis.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
<br />
Since 2009, we have prospectively investigated, clinically and biologically,
1216 consecutive EHS and/or MCS-self reporting cases, in an attempt to answer
both questions. We report here our preliminary data, based on 727 evaluable of
839 enrolled cases: 521 (71.6%) were diagnosed with EHS, 52 (7.2%) with MCS,
and 154 (21.2%) with both EHS and MCS. Two out of three patients with EHS
and/or MCS were female; mean age (years) was 47. As inflammation appears to be
a key process resulting from electromagnetic field (EMF) and/or chemical
effects on tissues, and histamine release is potentially a major mediator of
inflammation, we systematically measured histamine in the blood of patients.
Near 40% had a increase in histaminemia (especially when both conditions were
present), indicating a chronic inflammatory response can be detected in these
patients. Oxidative stress is part of inflammation and is a key contributor to
damage and response. Nitrotyrosin, a marker of both peroxynitrite (ONOO°-)
production and opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), was increased in 28%
the cases. Protein S100B, another marker of BBB opening was increased in 15%.
Circulating autoantibodies against O-myelin were detected in 23%, indicating
EHS and MCS may be associated with autoimmune response. Confirming animal
experiments showing the increase of Hsp27 and/or Hsp70 chaperone proteins under
the influence of EMF, we found increased Hsp27 and/or Hsp70 in 33% of the
patients. As most patients reported chronic insomnia and fatigue, we determined
the 24 h urine 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS)/creatinin ratio and found it
was decreased (<0.8) in all investigated cases. Finally, considering the
self-reported symptoms of EHS and MCS, we serially measured the brain blood
flow (BBF) in the temporal lobes of each case with pulsed cerebral ultrasound
computed tomosphygmography. Both disorders were associated with hypoperfusion
in the capsulothalamic area, suggesting that the inflammatory process involve
the limbic system and the thalamus.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
<br />
Our data strongly suggest that EHS and MCS can be objectively characterized and
routinely diagnosed by commercially available simple tests. Both disorders
appear to involve inflammation-related hyper-histaminemia, oxidative stress,
autoimmune response, capsulothalamic hypoperfusion and BBB opening, and a
deficit in melatonin metabolic availability; suggesting a risk of chronic
neurodegenerative disease. Finally the common co-occurrence of EHS and MCS
strongly suggests a common pathological mechanism.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://1.usa.gov/1NEtsXW" target="_blank">http://1.usa.gov/1NEtsXW</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">The
microwave syndrome or electro-hypersensitivity: </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">historical
background</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
Carpenter DO. The microwave syndrome or electro-hypersensitivity: historical
background. Rev Environ Health. 2015 Nov 10. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0016.
[Epub ahead of print]<br />
<b><br />
Abstract</b><br />
<br />
Microwave generating equipment first became common during World War 2 with the
development of radar. Soviet bloc countries reported that individuals exposed
to microwaves frequently developed headaches, fatigue, loss of appetite,
sleepiness, difficulty in concentration, poor memory, emotional instability,
and labile cardiovascular function, and established stringent exposure
standards. For a variety of reasons these reports were discounted in Western
countries, where the prevailing belief was that there could be no adverse
health effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that were not mediated by
tissue heating. The reported Soviet effects were at lower intensities than
those that cause heating. However, there were several accidental exposures of
radar operators in Western countries that resulted in persistent symptoms
similar to those described above. The Soviets irradiated the US Embassy in
Moscow with microwaves during the period 1953-1975, and while no convincing
evidence of elevated cancer rates was reported, there were reports of
"microwave illness." Officials passed these complaints off as being
due to anxiety, not effects of the microwave exposure. There is increasing
evidence that the "microwave syndrome" or
"electro-hypersensitivity" (EHS) is a real disease that is caused by
exposure to EMFs, especially those in the microwave range. The reported
incidence of the syndrome is increasing along with increasing exposure to EMFs
from electricity, WiFi, mobile phones and towers, smart meters and many other
wireless devices. Why some individuals are more sensitive is unclear. While
most individuals who report having EHS do not have a specific history of an
acute exposure, excessive exposure to EMFs, even for a brief period of time,
can induce the syndrome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
<a href="http://1.usa.gov/1HDPOWI" target="_blank">http://1.usa.gov/1HDPOWI</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
Excerpts<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 11pt;">E</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">lectro-hypersensitivity
(EHS) is a syndrome that may include some or all of the following: excessive
fatigue, headache, tinnitus, insomnia, photophobia, a feeling<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> of cognitive dysfunction and impaired
memory, irritability, pain at various sites and often cardiovascular
abnormalities (1). However, these are all relatively common complaints. All of
us have on occasion suffered from headaches and insomnia. Because the symptoms
are relatively non-specific, and because the adverse health effects of
electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is a contentious issue, and also because primary
care physicians have no objective diagnostic algorithms by which to diagnose
EHS, patients suffering from EHS are often referred to a psychiatrist. There
is, however, a body of evidence, both old and more recent, that indicates that
these symptoms are triggered by exposure to EMFs in sensitive individuals. This
is the case for exposure to both the extra low electromagnetic fields (ELF)
coming from electricity and the radiofrequency (RF) EMFs coming from radar,
communication devices, WiFi, smart meters and many other forms of wireless
devices.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">There are conflicting estimates
on what percent of the population suffers from EHS, with some suggesting that
between 5 and 10% of people have the syndrome, and that the incidence is
increasing with time (2). However, there are several reports of tests of
individuals taken into a laboratory and their responses recorded when they were
unaware of whether or not an EMF field was being applied. Some of these studies
have not shown that individuals who report that they are electro-sensitive are
in fact able to discern if the EMFs are present or not (3–6). However, these
reports are balanced by others that show that at least some individuals do
respond with adverse symptoms when exposed to EMFs in a blinded fashion (7, 8).
Thus not everyone who believes they are electrosensitive really is, but it is
also likely that some have the symptoms of EHS but have not identified the
cause. Thus the true incidence of EHS is currently not known.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">... the Soviet countries’
standard for maximal permissible [EMF] exposure during the workday is 1,000
times lower than that in the US. [0.01 mW/cm2 over an entire workday]<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Some of the strongest evidence
that EHS is a real syndrome comes from cases of acute high intensity exposure
to microwaves of healthy people, which resulted in prolonged illness ....<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Recent years have seen a marked
increase in overall exposure to EMFs ....There has always been uncertainty over
which characteristics of EMFs are most important with regard to human health
effects. Because the mechanisms whereby these various adverse health outcomes
arise are still not well understood, it is important to ask the question of
which components pose the greatest risk, whether or not we are confident of the
answer. Frey (36, 37) first suggested that peak power density was more important
than average power density. Litovitz et al. (38) concluded that 60 Hz EMFs and
RF EMFs do very much the same things, and later studies suggested that the low
frequency, modulatory component of RF was particularly important (39). Others
have implicated on-off transients, “dirty electricity” and other
characteristics of the fields than the steady 50 or 60 Hz fields.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">... smart meter RF radiation is
significantly different from many other forms of RF, in that it consists of
brief but very high intensity pulses. Thus, whereas the average exposure over
time is not excessive it appears possible that the high intensity pulses are
responsible for the development of EHS. Brief intense pulses have been
described as “dirty electricity” by Milham and Morgan (33), who suggest that
many of the reported adverse effects of EMFs are due to these brief<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> events, rather than the sine wave
forms ...<b><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Conclusion</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The weight of evidence indicates
that EHS is a real syndrome induced by exposure to either ELF or RF EMF. In
some cases it results from a brief, high intensity exposure, whereas in others
it appears to reflect ambient exposures, especially those of increasing
intensity and perhaps of certain waveforms. Whether from acute high intensity
exposure or ambient background exposure from cell towers, mobile phones, smart
meters and other devices, it is clear that not everyone develops EHS, for
reasons not well understood. Certainly more research is needed to understand
exactly which of the components of EMF exposures pose the greatest danger to
human health, and what biological mechanisms are responsible. But the important
conclusion is that there is something about EMFs of various forms that do pose
direct hazards to human health.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Electromagnetic
Hypersensitivity (EHS): </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Fad Allergy,
Debilitating Disease, or What?</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The National Law Review, Oct 15,
2015<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"... electromagnetic
hypersensitivity (or “EHS” – sensitivity to radio waves from Wi-Fi routers,
cell phones and similar products) is an “allergy” that has recently gotten more
mainstream media attention and is also “characterized by a range of non-specific
symptoms.” The Access Board, which is the federal agency responsible for
promulgating accessibility guidelines under the Americans with Disabilities
Act, has recognized that “electromagnetic sensitivities may be considered
disabilities under the ADA ...."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><snip><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"The upshot of court rulings
to date is that while some courts will overlook the lack of scientific evidence
that EHS is caused by exposure to EMF in the context of government benefits,
they have not been so accommodating where another individual’s (or company’s)
rights would be adversely affected by a ruling in favor of an EHS
plaintiff."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"If EHS becomes as prevalent
as “gluten sensitivity,” we can expect more EHS sufferers to ask courts to
fashion them a remedy. Unlike bread and pasta for the gluten-obsessed,
EMF is not something a person can easily avoid. Americans are exposed to
EMF on a daily basis, from the likes of garage door openers, cell phones,
cordless phones, laptops, tablets, to Wi-Fi routers in their homes,
supermarkets, malls and places of work. Radio frequency energy is literally
everywhere. While there is no science to support the causation hypothesis,
people who believe they have EHS<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">really believe</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><i> </i></span>they have a legitimate
sensitivity, and many have demonstrable symptoms that are not frivolous. That
makes for motivated litigants, which means the courts will probably see more of
these cases in the future. But for courts to decide that EHS is something more
than a fad allergy, or a psychological manifestation arising from the nocebo
effect, they will need controlled scientific studies supporting the
case—studies that at the moment do not exist."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Complete article:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://bit.ly/1VUUvg8" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1VUUvg8</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">2015
International Scientific Declaration on </span></b></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">Electromagnetic
Hypersensitivity </span></b></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">and
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">ARTAC / ECERI Press Release, Sep 4, 2015</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background: white; font-size: 11pt;">Following the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">fifth
Paris Appeal Congress,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>which
took place on the 18<sup style="background-color: white; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">th</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>of May, 2015 and focused on
environmental hypersensitivities, the attending European, American and Canadian
scientists unanimously decided to create a working group and to write a Common
International Declaration to request an official recognition of these new
diseases and of their sanitary consequences worldwide<b style="background-color: white; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">.</b></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background: white; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
The declaration calls upon national and international bodies and institutions
and particularly the World Health Organization,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">for
taking urgently their responsibility for recognizing electrohypersensitivity
and multiple chemical sensitivity as real diseases, including them in the
International Classification of Diseases.</b></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 13.8pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 13.8pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background: white; font-size: 11pt;">This International Declaration also asks national and
international institutions to adopt simple precautionary measures of
prevention, to inform populations and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>requires
the appointment of real independent expert groups to evaluate these sanitary
risks in total scientific objectivity,</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>which
is not the case today.</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 13.8pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">For the
Scientific Committee of the Paris Appeal Fifth Congress:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pr. David Carpenter, MD (USA)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pr. Lennart Hardell, MD, PhD
(Sweden)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Pr. Dominique Belpomme, MD, MS
(France<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Brussels International Scientific Declaration : <b style="line-height: 18.4px; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="background: white;"><a href="http://appel-de-paris.com/" target="_blank">www.appel-de-paris.com</a></span></i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">To
download the Declaration: <a href="http://bit.ly/ehsDeclaration" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/ehsDeclaration</a></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">To
download the Program of the Congress: <a href="http://bit.ly/ParisEHSappeal2" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/ParisEHSappeal2</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">Ex-WHO
General-Director Warns: </span></b></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">"Wireless
Technology has Health Effects There is no Doubt " </span></b></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">YouTube, Aug 20, 2015
(3:20)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">On August 14, 2015, retired
General-Director of the World Health Organization and former Prime Minister of
Norway, Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, was interviewed by the Norwegian newspaper <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Brundtland---Min-kropp-har-reagert-pa-mobilstraling-i-25-ar-8125147.html" target="_blank"><b><i>Aftenposten</i></b></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
One issue discussed in the interview was her current thoughts about wireless
radiation. Her statement was crystal clear. Watch the relevant clip from
the interview here, subtitled in English by Citizens´ Radiation Protection,
Norway.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><a href="http://bit.ly/1hykTzF" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1hykTzF</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--</span></div><div style="margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">What does
the World Health Organization say about EHS?</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The EHS overview on the World
Health Organization's web site is nine years old. When will the WHO inform the
public about the world-wide program of EMF studies on EHS it is
co-ordinating? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Electromagnetic fields and public
health: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Backgrounder, World Health
Organization, December 2005<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><snip><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">What WHO is doing</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">WHO, through its International
EMF Project, is identifying research needs and co-ordinating a world-wide
program of EMF studies to allow a better understanding of any health risk
associated with EMF exposure. Particular emphasis is placed on possible health
consequences of low-level EMF. Information about the EMF Project and EMF
effects is provided in a series of fact sheets in several languages <a href="http://www.who.int/emf/" target="_blank">www.who.int/emf/</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
<a href="http://www.who.int/peh-emf/publications/facts/fs296/en/" target="_blank">http://www.who.int/peh-emf/publications/facts/fs296/en/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><h2 style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: center;"><b>Resources</b></h2></span><div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">
Hypersensitivity to WiFi ... Could it be a disability?</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Alexis Kramer. Hypersensitivity
to WiFi ... Could it be a disability? Bloomberg BNA. Sep 10, 2015. <a href="http://www.bna.com/hypersensitivity-wifi-disability-b17179935773/" target="_blank">http://www.bna.com/hypersensitivity-wifi-disability-b17179935773/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">On Sept. 1, a federal district
court in Florida refused to dismiss an<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.bloomberglaw.com/public/document/Metallo_v_Orlando_Utilities_Commission_et_al_Docket_No_614cv01975">ADA
claim</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>based on allegations
that an individual experienced insomnia, loud and violent ear ringing and
difficulty concentrating as a result of the attachment of a digital meter to
his home. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The court said that because these
symptoms substantially limited major life activities and derived from “some
sort of physical or mental impairment,” it could reasonably infer that the
plaintiff has a disability. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Electromagnetic
hypersensitivity -- </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">an
increasing challenge to the medical profession</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Hedendahl L, Carlberg M, Hardell
L. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity - an increasing challenge to the medical
profession. Rev Environ Health. 2015;30(4):209-15.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Abstract</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">BACKGROUND: In 1970, a report from the former Soviet Union described the
"microwave syndrome" among military personnel, working with radio and
radar equipment, who showed symptoms that included fatigue, dizziness,
headaches, problems with concentration and memory, and sleep disturbances.
Similar symptoms were found in the 1980s among Swedes working in front of
cathode ray tube monitors, with symptoms such as flushing, burning, and
tingling of the skin, especially on the face, but also headaches, dizziness,
tiredness, and photosensitivity. The same symptoms are reported in Finns, with
electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) being attributed to exposure to
electromagnetic fields (EMF). Of special concern is involuntary exposure to
radiofrequency (RF)-EMF from different sources. Most people are unaware of this
type of exposure, which has no smell, color, or visibility. There is an
increasing concern that wireless use of laptops and iPads in Swedish schools,
where some have even abandoned textbooks, will exacerbate the exposure to EMF.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">METHODS: We have surveyed the literature on different aspects of EHS and
potential adverse health effects of RF-EMF. This is exemplified by case reports
from two students and one teacher who developed symptoms of EHS in schools
using Wi-Fi.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">RESULTS: In population-based surveys, the prevalence of EHS has ranged
from 1.5% in Sweden to 13.3% in Taiwan. Provocation studies on EMF have yielded
different results, ranging from where people with EHS cannot discriminate
between an active RF signal and placebo, to objectively observed changes
following exposure in reactions of the pupil, changes in heart rhythm, damage
to erythrocytes, and disturbed glucose metabolism in the brain. The two
students and the teacher from the case reports showed similar symptoms, while
in school environments, as those mentioned above.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">DISCUSSION: Austria is the only country with a written suggestion to
guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems. Apart
from this, EHS is not recognized as a specific diagnosis in the rest of the
world, and no established treatment exists.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">CONCLUSION: It seems necessary to give an International Classification of
Diseases to EHS to get it accepted as EMF-related health problems. The
increasing exposure to RF-EMF in schools is of great concern and needs better
attention. Longer-term health effects are unknown. Parents, teachers, and
school boards have the responsibility to protect children from unnecessary
exposure.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">From: The Fifth Congress of the Paris Appeal: Environmental idiopathic
intolerance: what role for EMFs and multiple chemicals? 18 May 2015, Brussels,
Belgium.</span></div></span><o:p style="font-size: 11pt;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Conclusions</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The prevalence of EHS seems to be
increasing today, and many people get symptoms when exposed to ELF- and/or
RF-EMF. With the ever more extensive use of wireless technologies, nobody can
avoid being exposed. It is important to work toward getting objective
diagnostic criteria for EHS, and have it recognized and officially accepted as
hypersensitivity, an illness caused by exposure to EMF. Thus, it is necessary
to give an International Classification of Diseases to EHS. If and when EHS is
accepted as a diagnosis by society and the medical profession, measures can be
taken especially in consideration for this group of people with EHS regarding
healthcare, accommodation, school, and work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Measurements of exposure to EMF
should be performed in classrooms and in school yards during a typical school
week. The results must be evaluated in relation to current knowledge of
biological effects from EMF exposure. This should lead to a precautionary
approach using wired solution of the internet connection, but also reduction of
other sources of EMF exposure. This approach should be similar as for control
of exposure to other toxic agents such as asbestos and radon emissions. It is
time to consider ELF-EMF and RF-EMF as environmental pollutants that need to be
controlled.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372109" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372109</span></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Implications
of non-linear biological oscillations </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">on human
electrophysiology for EHS and MCS</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Sage C. The implications of
non-linear biological oscillations on human electrophysiology for
electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Rev
Environ Health. 2015 Sep 12.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Abstract</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The 'informational content' of
Earth's electromagnetic signaling is like a set of operating instructions for
human life. These environmental cues are dynamic and involve exquisitely low
inputs (intensities) of critical frequencies with which all life on Earth
evolved. Circadian and other temporal biological rhythms depend on these
fluctuating electromagnetic inputs to direct gene expression, cell
communication and metabolism, neural development, brainwave activity, neural
synchrony, a diversity of immune functions, sleep and wake cycles, behavior and
cognition. Oscillation is also a universal phenomenon, and biological systems
of the heart, brain and gut are dependent on the cooperative actions of cells
that function according to principles of non-linear, coupled biological
oscillations for their synchrony. They are dependent on exquisitely timed cues
from the environment at vanishingly small levels. Altered 'informational
content' of environmental cues can swamp natural electromagnetic cues and
result in dysregulation of normal biological rhythms that direct growth,
development, metabolism and repair mechanisms. Pulsed electromagnetic fields
(PEMF) and radiofrequency radiation (RFR) can have the devastating biological
effects of disrupting homeostasis and desynchronizing normal biological rhythms
that maintain health. Non-linear, weak field biological oscillations govern
body electrophysiology, organize cell and tissue functions and maintain organ
systems. Artificial bioelectrical interference can give false information
(disruptive signaling) sufficient to affect critical pacemaker cells (of the
heart, gut and brain) and desynchronize functions of these important cells that
orchestrate function and maintain health. Chronic physiological stress
undermines homeostasis whether it is chemically induced or electromagnetically
induced (or both exposures are simultaneous contributors). This can eventually
break down adaptive biological responses critical to health maintenance; and
resilience can be compromised. Electrohypersensitivity can be caused by
successive assaults on human bioelectrochemical dynamics from exogenous
electromagnetic fields (EMF) and RFR or a single acute exposure. Once
sensitized, further exposures are widely reported to cause reactivity to lower
and lower intensities of EMF/RFR, at which point thousand-fold lower levels can
cause adverse health impacts to the electrosensitive person.
Electrohypersensitivity (EHS) can be a precursor to, or linked with, multiple
chemical sensitivity (MCS) based on reports of individuals who first develop
one condition, then rapidly develop the other. Similarity of chemical
biomarkers is seen in both conditions [histamines, markers of oxidative stress,
auto-antibodies, heat shock protein (HSP), melatonin markers and leakage of the
blood-brain barrier]. Low intensity pulsed microwave activation of
voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) is postulated as a mechanism of action
for non-thermal health effects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26368042" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26368042</span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div>
</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Does
electromagnetic hypersensitivity originate </span></b><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">from
nocebo responses? </span></b></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Indications
from a qualitative study</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Dieudonné M. Does electromagnetic
hypersensitivity originate from nocebo responses? Indications from a
qualitative study. Bioelectromagnetics. 2015 Sep 15. doi: 10.1002/bem.21937.
[Epub ahead of print]</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<b style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: 11pt;">Abstract</b></div><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Idiopathic Environmental
Intolerance attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF) is a condition in
which symptoms are attributed to electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. As
electro-hypersensitive (EHS) people have repeatedly been observed, during
provocation trials, to report symptoms following perceived rather than actual
exposure, the hypothesis has been put forward that IEI-EMF originates from
psychological mechanisms, especially nocebo responses. This paper examines this
hypothesis, using data from a qualitative study aimed at understanding how EHS
people come to regard themselves as such.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Forty self-diagnosed EHS people were interviewed.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">A typified model of their attribution process was then elaborated, inductively,
from their narratives. This model is linear and composed of seven stages: (1)
onset of symptoms; (2) failure to find a solution; (3) discovery of EHS; (4)
gathering of information about EHS; (5) implicit appearance of conviction; (6)
experimentation; (7) conscious acceptance of conviction.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Overall, symptoms appear before subjects start questioning effects of EMF on
their health, which is not consistent with the hypothesis that IEI-EMF
originates from nocebo responses to perceived EMF exposure. However, such responses
might occur at the sixth stage of the process, potentially reinforcing the
attribution. It remains possible that some cases of IEI-EMF originate from
other psychological mechanisms.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26369906" style="font-size: 11pt;" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26369906" style="font-size: 11pt;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26369906</a></div><o:p style="font-size: 11pt;"></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">--</span></div><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Metabolic
and Genetic Screening of </span></b><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Electromagnetic
Hypersensitive Subjects </span></b></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">as a
Feasible Tool for Diagnostics and Intervention</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">De Luca et al 2014. Metabolic and
Genetic Screening of Electromagnetic Hypersensitive Subjects as a Feasible Tool
for Diagnostics and Intervention. Mediators of Inflammation. Volume 2014,
Article ID 924184. Open Access <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4000647/pdf/MI2014-924184.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pmc/articles/PMC4000647/pdf/<wbr></wbr>MI2014-924184.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--</span></div><div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><b>This West
Virginia Town Has Gone Radio Silent: </b> </span></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Greetings
from the Quiet Zone</span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Steve
Featherstone, Popular Science, Apr 13, 2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">Excerpts</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"According
to the World Health Organization (WHO), EHS is not a medical diagnosis, but
rather a vague set of symptoms with no apparent physiological basis. Even so,
the condition--whatever its cause--appears to be widespread. Olle Johansson, an
associate professor of neuroscience at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, says
the number of people who claim to have EHS varies by country, from 8 percent of
the population in Germany to 3.5 percent, or about 11 million people, in the
U.S." <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">“There
are few epidemic diseases this large,” Johansson says. “Nowadays, wherever you
live, whatever you do, you’re whole-body exposed, 24/7.”"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">"As
palpable as Jane’s symptoms are to her--and as certain as she is that they’re
caused by EMR--scientific consensus disagrees. Almost universally, scientists
hold that most EMR has no adverse health effects at the levels people typically
encounter. And no study has ever definitively linked EHS symptoms to RF
radiation, a type of electromagnetic radiation that originates from wireless devices,
such as Wi-Fi routers, cellphones, base stations, or Bluetooth antennas.
“Health agencies have repeatedly waded through the scientific literature,” says
Kenneth Foster, professor of bioengineering at the University of Pennsylvania,
“and they don’t see any clear evidence that there’s a problem other than if you
put a rat in a microwave oven, it’s bad for the rat.”</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"The
only recognized health risk from RF radiation is the heating of tissue (as in
the rat in the microwave). In 1996, the Federal Communications Commission
adopted a safety standard for RF-emitting devices based on thermal heating.
That’s why even though the standard is set far below levels recognized to cause
harm, wireless companies still recommend not carrying your phone around in your
pocket or sleeping with one too close to your head."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"According
to Joel Moskowitz, the director of the Center for Family and Community Health
at the University of California at Berkeley, the test for the thermal standard
is outdated if not irrelevant. “It’s not at all reflective of what the average
user looks like today and not really of any user anywhere,” he says. “It’s not
even the right measurement.” Moskowitz believes that science hasn’t caught up
with the rapid proliferation of RF-emitting devices--from smartphones to smart
meters--that have been spilling radiation into our homes, schools, and
workplaces over the past two decades. Electrosensitives may be the proverbial
canaries in the coal mine, he says. He cites a growing body of research that
suggests RF exposure has many nonthermal biological effects, including damage
to sperm cells and changes in brain chemistry. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">“There
are a lot of unanswered questions, obviously, but we clearly have evidence for
precautionary health warnings,” Moskowitz says."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"Without
an official medical diagnosis, it’s difficult for EHS sufferers to claim
benefits from insurance companies and government health agencies. Only Sweden
recognizes EHS as a functional impairment, equivalent to a disability. But
activists are beginning to have an impact on attitudes toward EHS and
EMR-related issues, such as the use of wireless networks in public schools.
Some day they hope that the medical establishment will treat EHS like other
mysterious syndromes, such as fibromyalgia. They won a moral victory in 2011,
when the WHO classified RF radiation as “possibly carcinogenic” in response to
its Interphone study, which found a 40 percent greater risk for certain brain
tumors at the highest exposure levels. (Scientists, however, did not find an increased
incidence in cellphone users overall.) Then, in February of this year, France
restricted the use of RF devices in daycare centers, citing a precautionary
approach to exposure. Those gains aside, few if any studies are taking
seriously the issue of EHS, and the inexorable expansion of wireless
technologies does not appear to be slowing. Barring a breakdown in relations
between electrosensitives and townsfolk or defunding of the GBT, Green Bank
will continue to attract technological refugees searching for a safe haven from
the electrosmog they feel is smothering the rest of the world." <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">“That’s
why I call [EHS] technological leprosy,” Diane {Schou } said. “We can’t be with
other people in society. We have to live like lepers. Technology is wonderful stuff--if
we aren’t harmed by it.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">This article was originally
published in the April 2015 issue of</span></i></b><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"> Popular
Science, <i>under the title "Greetings From The Quiet Zone.”</i></span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">To read
the entire article: <span style="color: #1155cc;"><a href="http://bit.ly/1LjN9ml" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1LjN9ml</a></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14.6667px; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div>
</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">Is a toxicology model appropriate as a guide for biological
research </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">with electromagnetic fields?</span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">My comments</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">The American neuroscientist, Allan H. Frey, published the first scientific paper that documented the microwave hearing effect in 1962. He published the first paper that documented leakage in the blood-brain barrier from exposure to microwave radiation in 1975. In the following letter from 1990, he discussed why the toxicology model is inappropriate for biologic research on electromagnetic fields.</span></div></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Twenty-five years later, we have yet to fully comprehend this important message.</span></div><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">International guidelines and national regulatory standards assume a dose-response relationship exists between the power of an EMF exposure and the likelihood of a harmful health effect. However, biologic studies are finding harmful effects from sub-thermal exposures to microwave radiation at power levels that are a fraction of the regulatory limits.</span></div><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Allan
H. Frey. Letter to Editor: Is a toxicology model appropriate as a guide for
biological research with electromagnetic fields? Journal of Bioelectricity.
9(2):233-234. 1990.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"...
most people use a toxicology model as their frame of reference in the selection,
funding, design and analysis of experiments. Data and theory show, however,
that this is the wrong model (2-4). Thus much of the research has been
inappropriate or irrelevant. This is one reason why hundreds of millions of
dollars have been spent on EMF biological research with so little return for
investment."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"
... living beings are electrochemical systems that use very low frequency EMFs
in everything from protein folding through cellular communication to nervous
system function."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">"
... if we impose a very weak EMF signal on a living being, it has the
possibility of interfering with normal function if it is properly tuned. This
is the model that much biological data and theory tell us to use, not a
toxicology model."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The
letter can be viewed at: <a href="http://bit.ly/AFrey1990" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/AFrey1990</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">Is There a Connection Between Electrosensitivity and
Electrosensibility? </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">A Replication Study</span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">My comments</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The electromagnetically sensitive (ES) participants selected for the following study were based upon individuals' responses to a self-reported measure. Most ES participants did not experience severe symptoms so it may be inappropriate to consider them to have electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Like other sham provocation studies, this study assumed that someone with ES knows when they are exposed to an electromagnetic field (EMF) and when they are not. The study protocol assumed that there is no lag between the exposure and the ability to detect the exposure (or the non-exposure). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">The study also assumed that <b>all </b>ES participants would be affected by exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field<b>. </b>However, it is likely that some people who experience ES may be sensitive to certain radio frequency fields, but not ELF magnetic fields. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Despite the questionable assumptions upon which this study was based, the ES participants were significantly (p = .038) more likely to detect an MF exposure than chance would dictate. This result replicated the finding of an earlier study.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">--</span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><b> Is There a Connection Between Electrosensitivity and Electrosensibility? A Replication Study</b></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Szemerszky
R, Gubányi M, Árvai D, Dömötör Z, Köteles F. Is There a Connection Between
Electrosensitivity and Electrosensibility? A Replication Study. Int J Behav
Med. 2015 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #222222; font-size: 11pt;">Abstract</span></b></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;">BACKGROUND:
Among people with idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to
electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF), a better than random detection ability for a
50-Hz 0.5-mT magnetic field (MF) and a propensity to experience more symptoms
than controls was reported in a previous study.</span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;">PURPOSE:
The current study aimed to replicate and clarify these results using a modified
experimental design.</span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;">METHOD:
Participants of the provocation experiment were 49 individuals with
self-reported IEI-EMF and 57 controls. They completed the questionnaires (symptom
expectations, Somatosensory Amplification Scale-SSAS, radiation subscale of the
Modern Health Worries Scale-MHWS Radiation) and attempted to detect the
presence of the MF directed to their right arm in 20 subsequent 1-min sessions.
Symptom reports were registered after each session. </span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;">RESULTS:
Individuals with IEI-EMF as opposed to the control group showed a higher than
random detection performance (d' index of signal detection theory), while no
difference in their bias (β index) toward the presence of the MF was found.
Predictors of reported symptoms were self-reported IEI-EMF and believed as
opposed to actual presence of the MF. People with IEI-EMF reported
significantly more symptoms particularly in the believed presence of the MF.
IEI-EMF was closely related to MHWS Radiation and SSAS scores.</span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;">CONCLUSION:
People with IEI-EMF might be able to detect the presence of the MF to a small
extent; however, their symptom reports are connected to perceived exposure.</span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25778471" style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25778471</a> </span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;">--</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">EESC urges continuance of the precautionary principle </span></b></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">through regulation and advisory work <strong><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""> (Ref: 06/2015)</span></strong></span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Press Release, European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), Jan
23, 2015</span><strong style="font-size: 11pt;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""> </span></strong></div><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">At its January plenary session, the EESC adopted an opinion on electromagnetic
hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) which recognises the distress being suffered by
people in Europe who believe they are affected. The opinion, which was adopted
by 136 votes to 110 with 19 abstentions, calls for sympathetic and appropriate
treatment and support for this condition.</span></div></span><o:p style="font-size: 11pt;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Although
the EESC opinion says that radiofrequency exposure is not causally linked to
EHS symptoms, it urges continuance of the precautionary principle through
regulation and advisory work, particularly as further research is still needed
to accumulate evidence concerning any potential health impact from long-term
exposure. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The EESC opinion on electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome points out that
further substantial research is ongoing to understand the problem and its
causes. It also notes that the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on
Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) has performed an extensive
analysis of this issue and will shortly be completing its latest opinion which
draws on a broad public consultation. The opinion will soon be adopted and will
be published on the SCENIHR website (</span><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/index_en.htm" style="font-size: 11pt;" target="_blank">http://ec.europa.eu/health/<wbr></wbr>scientific_committees/<wbr></wbr>emerging/index_en.htm</a><span style="font-size: 11pt;">).</span></div><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://bit.ly/1BAvqz9" style="font-size: 11pt;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1BAvqz9</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;">--</span></div></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Public Hearing on Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Between 3 and 5 per cent of the population are electrosensitive according to
the European Economic and Social Committee.</span></i></b></div></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is causing distress and loss of quality
of life to a growing number of Europeans and according to new estimates,
between 3 % and 5% of the population are electro-sensitive. The most common
sources of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) pollution are mobile phone masts,
cordless phones and Wi-Fi routers installed in the homes. All these emit
microwaves permanently (24/7) in the places where they are installed.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) study group on
electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) will hold a public Hearing on EHS on Tuesday,
November 4, 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.</span></div></span><o:p style="font-size: 11pt;"></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">This event
will gather all relevant stakeholders from a broad range of European civil
society for a debate on how to deal with this issues at EU level and to give
input for the future EESC's opinion that is scheduled for adoption in January
2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The EESC is a consultative body of the European Union that gives
representatives of Europe’s socio-occupational interest groups and others, a
formal platform to express their points of views on EU issues.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;"><a href="http://bit.ly/1tFQcLd" style="font-size: 11pt;" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://bit.ly/1tFQcLd" style="font-size: 11pt;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1tFQcLd</a></div><div style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;">--</span></div></span></div>
<h2 align="center" style="background: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">EESC
opinion: Exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents
(electromagnetic fields)<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">European
Economic and Social Committee, Dec 7, 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Proposal
for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the minimum
health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks
arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Key
points</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The EESC
recommends that this directive be adopted and implemented in the
legislation of Member States as soon as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">However,
the Committee is in favour of a precautionary approach being adopted
without delay, given the risks of the non-thermal biological effects of
emissions from electromagnetic fields. The long-term health of workers
must be completely guaranteed at a high level through the introduction of
the best available technologies at economically acceptable costs. The
Committee expects a relevant provision to be incorporated into the
directive.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The EESC
supports the Commission's initiative to fix thresholds so as to make this
precautionary approach effective and credible; however, to ensure that
this is absolutely effective it advocates fixed thresholds based on the thresholds
applied when Directive 2004/40/EC was transposed (by Austria, the Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Italy).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The
Committee stresses the need to strengthen the independence of scientific
bodies involved in determining thresholds for workers' exposure to
electromagnetic radiation, its effects and its consequences for public
health, and in establishing measures to protect the health of workers
exposed to this radiation. It is essential to put a stop to conflicts of
interest among members of these bodies, linked to the financing of their
research and their appointment (procedures and calls for tender, use of
independent public research institutes).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The
Committee concedes the need for a derogation for professions using
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for medical purposes, which should
however be subject to a time limit and accompanied by additional resources
for research into new technologies to protect workers from the effects of
electromagnetic fields and alternative techniques. Workers subject to the
derogation should be covered by enhanced measures to protect them, special
medical supervision and civil liability insurance to cover errors in the
execution of their work arising from strong exposure to electromagnetic
fields. The Committee also feels that the above-mentioned principles
should be applied not only to medical workers, but also to all other
workers who may be excluded from the general principles of the directive
on the basis of the derogation included in Article 3 of the proposal.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">--<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: EESC urges continuance of
the precautionary principle through regulation and advisory work (Ref:
06/2015)</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;">Press Release, European Economic and Social Committee
(EESC), Jan 23, 2015<b> </b></div><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">At its January plenary session, the EESC adopted an opinion on electromagnetic
hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) which recognises the distress being suffered by
people in Europe who believe they are affected. The opinion, which was adopted
by 136 votes to 110 with 19 abstentions, calls for sympathetic and appropriate
treatment and support for this condition.</div><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Although the EESC opinion says that radiofrequency exposure
is not causally linked to EHS symptoms, it urges continuance of the
precautionary principle through regulation and advisory work, particularly as
further research is still needed to accumulate evidence concerning any
potential health impact from long-term exposure. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="text-align: left;">The EESC opinion on electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome points out that further
substantial research is ongoing to understand the problem and its causes. It
also notes that the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Emerging and
Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) has performed an extensive analysis of
this issue and will shortly be completing its latest opinion which draws on a
broad public consultation. The opinion will soon be adopted and will be
published on the SCENIHR website (<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/index_en.htm" target="_blank">http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/index_en.htm</a>).</div><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Public Hearing on Electromagnetic
Hypersensitivity</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Between 3 and 5 per cent of the population are electrosensitive according to
the European Economic and Social Committee.</span></i></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="text-align: left;">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is causing distress and loss of quality
of life to a growing number of Europeans and according to new estimates,
between 3 % and 5% of the population are electro-sensitive. The most common
sources of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) pollution are mobile phone masts,
cordless phones and Wi-Fi routers installed in the homes. All these emit
microwaves permanently (24/7) in the places where they are installed.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) study group on
electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) will hold a public Hearing on EHS on Tuesday,
November 4, 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.</div><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This event will gather all relevant stakeholders from a
broad range of European civil society for a debate on how to deal with this
issues at EU level and to give input for the future EESC's opinion that is
scheduled for adoption in January 2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="text-align: left;">The EESC is a consultative body of the European Union that gives representatives
of Europe’s socio-occupational interest groups and others, a formal platform to
express their points of views on EU issues.</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F1tFQcLd&h=SAQE8VthU&s=1" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F1tFQcLd&h=SAQE8VthU&s=1" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1tFQcLd</a></div><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EESC
opinion: Exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents
(electromagnetic fields)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">European Economic and Social Committee, Dec 7, 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of
the Council on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the
exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic
fields)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key points</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
EESC recommends that this directive be adopted and implemented in the
legislation of Member States as soon as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">However,
the Committee is in favour of a precautionary approach being adopted
without delay, given the risks of the non-thermal biological effects of
emissions from electromagnetic fields. The long-term health of workers
must be completely guaranteed at a high level through the introduction of
the best available technologies at economically acceptable costs. The
Committee expects a relevant provision to be incorporated into the
directive.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
EESC supports the Commission's initiative to fix thresholds so as to make
this precautionary approach effective and credible; however, to ensure
that this is absolutely effective it advocates fixed thresholds based on
the thresholds applied when Directive 2004/40/EC was transposed (by
Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and
Italy).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Committee stresses the need to strengthen the independence of scientific
bodies involved in determining thresholds for workers' exposure to
electromagnetic radiation, its effects and its consequences for public
health, and in establishing measures to protect the health of workers
exposed to this radiation. It is essential to put a stop to conflicts of
interest among members of these bodies, linked to the financing of their
research and their appointment (procedures and calls for tender, use of
independent public research institutes).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Committee concedes the need for a derogation for professions using
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for medical purposes, which should
however be subject to a time limit and accompanied by additional resources
for research into new technologies to protect workers from the effects of
electromagnetic fields and alternative techniques. Workers subject to the
derogation should be covered by enhanced measures to protect them, special
medical supervision and civil liability insurance to cover errors in the
execution of their work arising from strong exposure to electromagnetic
fields. The Committee also feels that the above-mentioned principles
should be applied not only to medical workers, but also to all other
workers who may be excluded from the general principles of the directive
on the basis of the derogation included in Article 3 of the proposal.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Study of self-reported hypersensitivity to electromagnetic
fields in California<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Levallois P, Neutra R, Lee G, Hristova L. Study of
self-reported hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields in California. Environ
Health Perspect. 2002 Aug;110 Suppl 4:619-23.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Cases of alleged hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields
(EMFs) have been reported for more than 20 years, and some authors have
suggested some connection with the "multiple chemical sensitivity"
illness. We report the results of a telephone survey among a sample of 2,072
Californians. <b>Being "allergic or very sensitive" to being near
electrical devices was reported by 68 subjects, resulting in an adjusted
prevalence of 3.2% </b>(95% confidence interval = 2.8, 3.7). Twenty-seven subjects
(1.3%) reported sensitivity to electrical devices but no sensitivity to
chemicals. Characteristics of the people reporting hypersensitivity to EMFs
were generally different from those of people reporting being allergic to
everyday chemicals. Alleging environmental illness or multiple chemical
sensitivity diagnosed by a doctor was the strongest predictor of reporting
being hypersensitive to EMFs in this population. Other predictive factors apart
from self-reporting chemical sensitivity were race/ethnicity other than White,
Black, or Hispanic; having low income; and being unable to work. The perception
of risk of exposure to EMFs through the use of hair dryers (vs. exposure to
power and distribution lines) was the factor the most associated with
self-reporting about hypersensitivity to EMFs. However, risk perception was not
sufficient to explain the characteristics of people reporting this disorder.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open Access Paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241215/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241215/</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b><b><span style="font-size: large;">Additional Resources<br /></span></b></b></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b>Updated: March 2022</b></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Andrianome et al. Increasing levels of saliva alpha amylase in electrohypersensitive (EHS) patients.Int J Radiat Biol. 2017 Aug;93(8):841-848. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28466664" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/28466664</a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: left;">Anonymous. Testimony from an internist about her two electrosensitive children to the Joint Committee on Education, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Sep 4, 2017. <a href="http://bit.ly/MDtestifyMass" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/MDtestifyMass</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Belpomme, D. “Diagnosing, treating and preventing the electromagnetic fields impact on adults and children." 2nd international forum on protection from electromagnetic environmental pollution. Protection of children. Krakow, Poland. Nov 27, 2017. (46 minute video). </span><a href="http://bit.ly/EHSBelpomme2017" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/EHSBelpomme2017</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Bevington, M. The Prevalence of People with Restricted Access to Work in Manmade Electromagnetic Environments. Journal of Environment and Health Science. 2019. doi: org/10.15436/2378-6841.19.2402. <a href="https://bit.ly/3EuDJ60" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/3EuDJ60</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Bray, R. Trials and trends in caring for patients with electromagnetic hypersensitivity at Ontario's Environmental Health Clinic. WSF Montreal. Aug 13 2016. </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://maisonsaine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ehs-bray-13-08-2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://maisonsaine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ehs-bray-13-08-2016.pdf</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">De Luca et al 2014. Metabolic and Genetic
Screening of Electromagnetic Hypersensitive Subjects as a Feasible Tool for
Diagnostics and Intervention. Mediators of Inflammation. Volume 2014, Article
ID 924184. </span><span style="text-align: center;">Open Access: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4000647/pdf/MI2014-924184.pdf" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4000647/pdf/MI2014-924184.pdf</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Ekici B, Tanındı A, Ekici G, Diker E. The effects of the duration of
mobile phone use on heart rate variability parameters in healthy
subjects. Anatol J Cardiol. 2016 Apr 7. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://bit.ly/1Wo9na9" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1Wo9na9</a></span><span style="text-align: center;">. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Environmental Health Trust. Electromagnetic Sensitivity. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/EHTehs" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/EHTehs</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Genuis SJ, Lipp CT. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: Fact or fiction. Sci Tot Environ. 2012 Jan 1;414:103-12. </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153604" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153604</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Hardell L, Koppel T.
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity close to mobile phone base stations – a case study in Stockholm, Sweden. Rev Environ Health. 2022 Mar 2.
doi: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0169. </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2021-0169/html&source=gmail&ust=1646427299029000&usg=AOvVaw3SfXCVz1HXAv6FuxSWVpnF" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2021-0169/html" target="_blank">https://www.degruyter.com/<wbr></wbr>document/doi/10.1515/reveh-<wbr></wbr>2021-0169/html</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Heuser G, Heuser SA. Functional brain MRI in patients
complaining of electrohypersensitivity after long term exposure to
electromagnetic fields. Rev Environ Health. 2017 Jul 5. </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28678737" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28678737</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Hojo S, Tokiya M, Mizuki M et al. Development and evaluation of an electromagnetic hypersensitivity questionnaire for Japanese people. Bioelectromagnetics. Jun 21, 2016. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/28KvYuF" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/28KvYuF</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Hojo S, Mizukoshi A, Azuma K, Okumura J, Ishikawa S et al.
Survey on changes in subjective symptoms, onset/trigger factors,
allergic diseases, and chemical exposures in the past decade of Japanese
patients with multiple chemical sensitivity.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018 Aug 13. </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30115513" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30115513</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Johansson O, Redmayne M. </span><span style="text-align: center;">Exacerbation of demyelinating syndrome after exposure to wireless modem with public hotspot. Case report. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. Jun 29, 2016. </span><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368378.2015.1107839" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368378.2015.1107839</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Lai, H. Electrohypersensitivity Abstracts. Dec 14, 2017. (Over 100 abstracts of scientific studies on EHS published between 1995 and 2017). </span><a href="http://bit.ly/LaiEHSabstracts" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/LaiEHSabstracts</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Leszczynski D. Brief report on EHS provocation studies. Feb 11, 2018. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2o22pMy" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2o22pMy</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Maisch D. Commentary: The sad state of affairs with EHS research in Australia. Between a Rock and a Hard Place. Nov 5, 2017. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2AroQjF" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2AroQjF</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Marshall TG, Heil TJR. Electrosmog and Autoimmune Disease. Immunol Res. Jul 13, 2016. Open Access: </span><a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-016-8825-7" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-016-8825-7</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Medeiros LN, Sanchez TG. Tinnitus and cell phones: the role of
electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation.Brazilian Journal of
Otorhinolaryngology. 82(1):97-104. 2016. </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Open Access: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602000" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602000</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Milner C. Tuning in to Microwave Sickness: How wireless technology can trigger a devastating illness. Epoch Times, May 23, 2019. </span><a href="https://www.theepochtimes.com/tuning-in-to-microwave-sickness_2925499.html" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">https://www.theepochtimes.com/tuning-in-to-microwave-sickness_2925499.html</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Palmquist E, Claeson AS, Neely G, Stenberg B, Nordin S. Overlap in prevalence between various types of environmental intolerance. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014; 217(4-5):427-34. </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24029726" style="text-align: center;">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24029726</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Raefsky et al. Delayed-Onset multiphasic demyelinating lesions after high dose radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure: A multiple sclerosis (MS) micmic.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Jun 20;45:102318. </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32622299/&source=gmail&ust=1599591506319000&usg=AFQjCNHQkMWOtSJruuzmFpJ0QsHD0vqpRg" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32622299/" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/32622299/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Rea WJ. Wireless pollution: The epidemic of the 21st century. video: 24 mins. </span><a href="http://manhattanneighbors.org/rea/" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://manhattanneighbors.org/rea/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Rea WJ, Pan Y, Fenyves EJ, Sujisawa, Suyama H, Samadi N, Ross GH. Electromagnetic field sensitivity. J Bioelectricity 1991; 10 (1-2): 241-256. Open Access: </span><a href="http://www.aehf.com/articles/em_sensitive.html" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://www.aehf.com/articles/em_sensitive.html</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Slottje P, van Moorselaar I, van Strien R, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H, Huss
A. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) in occupational and primary
health care: A nation-wide survey among general practitioners,
occupational physicians and hygienists in the Netherlands. Int J Hyg
Environ Health. 2016 Dec 2. pii: S1438-4639(16)30385-6. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463916303856&source=gmail&ust=1481927062590000&usg=AFQjCNG-_ZnKQcExtm-dLhZr_xZ7s_pceg" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463916303856" rel="nofollow" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/<wbr></wbr>science/article/pii/<wbr></wbr>S1438463916303856</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Tatoń G, Kacprzyk A, Rok T, Pytlarz M, Pawlak R, Rokita E.
A survey on electromagnetic hypersensitivity: the example from Poland.
Electromagn Biol Med. 2021 Oct 22;1-8. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1995873. </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34686066/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34686066/<span style="text-align: center;"> </span></a></div></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Terzi, M, Ozberk, B, Deniz, OG, Kaplan, S. The role of electromagnetic fields in neurological disorders. J Chem Neuroanat. 2016 Sep;75(Pt B):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.04.003. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27083321" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27083321</a><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Yakymenko I. Nikola Tesla, you and electro-sensitivity. June 30, 2017. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2vCW8Kx" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2vCW8Kx</a></div></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><h3 style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;">EHS Support Groups and Resources</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Canadians for Safe Technology. Electromagnetic Sensitivity. </span><a href="http://c4st.org/electrosensitivity/" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://c4st.org/electrosensitivity/</a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">D'Agnolo L. Are “Wi-Fi Allergies” an Impairment Covered by the ADA? National Law Review. June 21, 2017. </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2rEx0AD" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2rEx0AD</a></div>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The Electrosensitive Society. <a href="https://www.electrosensitivesociety.com/">https://www.electrosensitivesociety.com/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Harkinson J. This Former Techie Owes His Fortune to Electronic Devices. Now He Thinks They're Dangerous. Mother Jones. 2017 Jan 28. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2k3O5kt" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2k3O5kt</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span></div>
</span><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jolie Talks. </span><a href="https://www.jolietalks.com/" target="_blank">https://www.jolietalks.com/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Physicians for Safe Technology. <a href="https://mdsafetech.org/problems/electro-sensitivity/">https://mdsafetech.org/problems/electro-sensitivity/</a></div>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: left;">Wireless Technology Injury Advocacy Group. <a href="https://wearetheevidence.org/" target="_blank">https://wearetheevidence.org/</a></div>
</span></div>
</div>
</div>Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-52704172314844863272024-02-01T00:30:00.001-08:002024-02-01T12:05:51.510-08:00Cell Phone Use and Salivary Gland Tumor Risk<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;"><div><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Since the year 2000, t</span><span style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">he U.S. has experienced significant increases in the age-adjusted incidence rates of salivary gland cancer along with three other </span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">head </span><span style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">and neck tumors </span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">associated with cell phone use</span><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">. </span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><div></div><div>
<div><br /></div>The age-adjusted incidence rate of salivary gland cancer significantly increased overall in the U.S. <span class="gmail_default"></span>by 0.6% per year<span class="gmail_default"> </span><span class="gmail_default"></span>from 2000 to 2019<span class="gmail_default">. </span>The increase in <span class="gmail_default">age-adjusted </span>incidence <span class="gmail_default">rates for this </span>tumor is likely attributable to the chronic effects of mobile phone use in addition to other factors including improv<span class="gmail_default">ements in </span>screenin<span class="gmail_default">g.</span></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /><div><div>Whereas
the size of the population in the U.S. increased 16% between 2000 and
2019, the number of cases of salivary gland cancer reported in the
National Cancer Institute's <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/" target="_blank">SEER</a> 22 registry increased by 52%.</div>
</div><div><br /></div><div>The tumor incidence rate data are from the SEER 22 Registry which covers 48% of the total <span class="gmail_default">U.S. </span>population<span class="gmail_default">. </span>The
data were age-adjusted to the population in the year 2000 so observed
differences over time are not affected by changes in the age composition
of the population.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><div></div></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=7&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion1" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=7&data_<wbr></wbr>type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=<wbr></wbr>age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=<wbr></wbr>122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_<wbr></wbr>age_range_166=166&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&<wbr></wbr>race=1&stage=101&advopt_<wbr></wbr>precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&<wbr></wbr>advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=<wbr></wbr>1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_<wbr></wbr>display=2#resultsRegion1</a></div></div><div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Reference: SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics
[Internet]. Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute;
2023 Apr 19. [updated: 2023 Nov 16; cited 2024 Jan 9]. Available from: <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/</a>. Data source(s): SEER Incidence Data, November 2022 Submission (1975-2020), <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/registries/terms.html" target="_blank">SEER 22 registries</a>. </div></div></div><div><br /></div></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-family: arial;">Does
cell phone use increase the chances of parotid gland tumor development?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">A
systematic review and meta-analysis</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">de Siqueira EC, de Souza FTA, Gomez RS, Gomes CC, de Souza RP. Does cell
phone use increase the chances of parotid gland tumor development? A
systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med. 2017
Aug;46(7):480-483. doi: 10.1111/jop.12531.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
BACKGROUND: Prior epidemiological studies had examined the association between
cell phone use and the development of tumors in the parotid glands. However
there is no consensus about the question of whether cell phone use is
associated with increased risk of tumors in the parotid glands. We performed a
meta-analysis to evaluate the existing literature about the mean question and to
determine their statistical significance.<br />
<br />
METHODS: Primary association studies. Papers that associated cell phone use and
parotid gland tumors development were included, with no restrictions regarding
publication date, language and place of publication. Systematic literature
search using PubMed, Scielo and Embase followed by meta-analysis.<br />
<br />
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Initial screening included 37 articles and three were
included in meta-analysis. Using three independent samples including 5087
subjects from retrospective case-control studies, cell phone use seems to be
associated with greater odds (1.28, 95%- confidence interval 1.09 - 1.51) to
develop salivary gland tumor. Results should be read with caution due to the
limited number of studies available and their retrospective design. <br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://bit.ly/2gFfUBh" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2gFfUBh</a></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Excerpts</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare, accounting for
2-5% of all head and neck tumors, being the parotids the most affected salivary
gland (6).<br />
<br />
We further evaluated the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the saliva
produced by the parotids according to self-reported exposure to cell phone,
reporting an increase in pro-inflammatory and a decrease of anti-inflammatory
cytokine levels in the sample evaluated, suggesting a pro-inflammatory effect
of cell phones (8).<br />
<br />
Cell phone use was associated with greater odds (increase of 28%) of presence
of tumor in the parotid glands (O.R. 1.28 95% C.I. [1.09–1.51] p = 0.0025)
(Figure 2). <br />
<br />
Primary association studies have reported discordant results (3, 5, 10, 12, 14,
15). Possible explanations for conflicting results are differences in study
design, genetic background of sampled populations or clinical-epidemiological
sample structure. It is important to note that discordant results do not mean
that some are incorrect. Tumor manifestation is clearly a multifactorial
process whose risk factors are several. Most of the studies have not assessed
other risk factors when estimating existence of association.<br />
<br />
This is the first systematic review followed by a meta-analysis to evaluate
that association. Here, we report usage of cell phone increase, on average, 28%
the odds of presenting parotid glands tumors.<br />
<br />
Our results need to be read and interpreted with caution due to important
limitations that need to be addressed. Although the number of subjects compiled
is reasonably large, the number of independent samples is small (n = 3) and
results are clearly driven by two of three studies.<br />
<br /><b>
Conclusion</b><br />
<br />
Taken together, our results provide evidence of association between cell phone
use and parotid tumor although their association presents mild effect.<br clear="all" />
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixZ1cZ_lZPB1gNP2mhAmOXaqLR7EF-Bab_xh-wGiHhr0eEtgbtys8YX3qxwv9gQS-8GB17BTpfPkYllPnffYBgtsQq7Dw-qpIv10R6KlUPiYqh0cQVcmcgtk5LJm8jETwTLp79PaR0pog/s1600/parotid+table+1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixZ1cZ_lZPB1gNP2mhAmOXaqLR7EF-Bab_xh-wGiHhr0eEtgbtys8YX3qxwv9gQS-8GB17BTpfPkYllPnffYBgtsQq7Dw-qpIv10R6KlUPiYqh0cQVcmcgtk5LJm8jETwTLp79PaR0pog/s640/parotid+table+1.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwdtDDQI7PgzVJeh-VvgVHySYhoNGnPWxrWwbyPS-ZAD9KsUk0Voyo51h32f1lW3oi-5DkcSlgzdJTI1Z1k_TIxyXhJt1Ra4kxdKLIAvZg0frxJ3sZd8jJiBOr0z4Zm3kEVpWhty5z7mk/s1600/parotid+table+2.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwdtDDQI7PgzVJeh-VvgVHySYhoNGnPWxrWwbyPS-ZAD9KsUk0Voyo51h32f1lW3oi-5DkcSlgzdJTI1Z1k_TIxyXhJt1Ra4kxdKLIAvZg0frxJ3sZd8jJiBOr0z4Zm3kEVpWhty5z7mk/s640/parotid+table+2.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><b>Histological and histochemical study of the protective role
of rosemary extract against harmful effect of cell phone electromagnetic
radiation on the parotid glands</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">Fatma M. Ghoneim, Eetmad A. Arafat. Histological and
histochemical study of the protective role of rosemary extract against harmful
effect of cell phone electromagnetic radiation on the parotid glands. Acta
Histochemica, 118(5):478-485. June 2016.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><b>Abstract</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are a class of non-ionizing
radiation (NIR) that is emitted from mobile phone. It may have hazardous
effects on parotid glands. So, we aimed to investigate the histological and
histochemical changes of the parotid glands of rats exposed to mobile phone and
study the possible protective role of rosemary against its harmful effect.
Forty adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were classified into
4 equal groups. Group I (control), group II (control receiving rosemary), group
III (mobile phone exposed group) and group IV (mobile exposed, rosemary treated
group). Parotid glands were dissected out for histological and histochemical
study. Moreover, measurement of oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA)
and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was done. The results of this study
revealed that rosemary has protective effect through improving the histological
and histochemical picture of the parotid gland in addition of its antioxidant
effect. It could be concluded from the current study, that exposure of parotid
gland of rat models to electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone resulted in
structural changes at the level of light and electron microscopic examination
which could be explained by oxidative stress effect of mobile phone. Rosemary
could play a protective role against this harmful effect through its
antioxidant activity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><b>Conclusion</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">From
this study, it could be concluded that exposure of rat models to
non-ionizing radiation emitted from mobile phone has hazardous effects
on the histology and histochemistry of their parotid glands.
Administration of rosemary extract which is a natural antioxidant
resulted in a significant improvement. Unfortunately these preliminary
results cannot be further extrapolated to humans. Therefore, we should
adjust our use for mobile.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065128116300678" target="_blank"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065128116300678</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Also see:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/08/cellphone-use-may-be-harmful-for-people.html" target="_blank">Cellphone use may be harmful for
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-33528636692420331872024-01-24T16:00:00.000-08:002024-01-25T13:26:47.954-08:00Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: Thirty years of research<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-3352863669242033187" itemprop="articleBody" style="line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 740.011px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; margin: 0px 0px 12pt; position: relative; text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">The preponderance of peer-reviewed research published from 1990 through January 2024 has found significant adverse effects from exposure to radio frequency radiation and </span><span style="font-family: arial;">extremely low frequency and static electromagnetic fields. </span></b></h3><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dr. Henry Lai, <b><a href="https://bioe.uw.edu/portfolio-items/henry-lai/" style="color: #2823a3; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington</a>, <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=iebm20" style="color: #2823a3; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Editor Emeritus</a></b> of the journal, </span><i style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine</span></i><span style="font-family: arial;">, and an emeritus member of the <b><a href="https://icbe-emf.org/commissioners/henry-lai-2/" target="_blank">International Commission on the Biological Effects of EMF</a></b>, has compiled summaries of the research on the biological effects of exposure to radio frequency (RFR) and extremely low frequency (ELF) and static electromagnetic fields (EMF). His set of abstracts which covers the period from 1990 to January 2024 constitutes a comprehensive collection of the peer-reviewed research.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dr. Lai reports that the preponderance of research has found that exposure to RFR or ELF EMF produces oxidative effects or free radicals, and damages DNA. Moreover the preponderance of studies that examined genetic, neurological and reproductive outcomes has found significant effects: 79% o</span><span face="tahoma, sans-serif">f more than 1,500 studies of RFR, and 87% of more than 900 studies of ELF and static fields reported significant effects.</span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></div></span></span></span></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">The collection contains about 2,500 studies. The abstracts for these studies can be downloaded by clicking on the links below.</span><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">In 2011, the </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization classified </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">radio frequency radiation </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">“possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B). The IARC had planned to review RFR again by 2024 b</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">ecause most peer-reviewed studies published in the past decade found significant evidence that RFR causes genotoxicity; however this review has been postponed. IARC is likely re-classify RFR to either "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A) or "carcinogenic to humans"</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> (Group 1) if IARC convenes EMF experts who have no conflicts of interest.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Cell phones and other wireless devices also produce static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields. ELF was classified by the IARC as </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">“possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B) a decade before RFR received this classification.</span><br /><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: normal;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>Summary of Results (January 2024)</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Radio frequency radiation (RFR)</span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div></span></span></span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;">89% (n=316) of 354 RFR oxidative effects (or free radical) studies published since 1997 reported significant effects including 95% (n=82) of 86 studies with a SAR (specific absorption rate) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: small;">≤ </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;">0.40 watts per kilogram (which is ten times less than the 4.0 W/kg threshold of harm that the FCC and the ICNIRP use to base their RFR exposure limits).</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />70% (n=328) of 466 RFR genetic effects studies </span><span style="font-family: arial;">published since 1990 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">reported significant effects including 79% (n=113) of 144 studies of gene expression.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">77% (n=333) of 435 RFR neurological studies published since 2007 reported significant effects.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">83% (n=280) of 335 RFR reproduction and development studies published since 1990 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">reported significant effects.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Among the studies that reported significant effects, 56 studies used an exposure with a SAR </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: small;">≤</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: small;"> </span>0.40 W/kg and 37 studies had a SAR <span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: small;">≤</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: small;"> </span>0.08 W/kg.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif""><br /></span></b><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">Extremely low frequency (ELF) and static electromagnetic fields</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">91% (n=286) of 316 ELF/static EMF oxidative effects (or free radical) studies </span><span style="font-family: arial;">published since 1990 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">reported significant effects.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">84% (n=288) of 344 </span>ELF/static EMF <span style="font-family: arial;">genetic effects studies </span><span style="font-family: arial;">published since 1990 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">reported significant effects </span>including 95% (n=168) of 177 studies of gene expression.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />91% (n=315) of 345 </span>ELF/static EMF neurological studies published since 2007 reported significant effects.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;">75% (n=65) of 87 ELF/static EMF r<span style="font-family: arial;">eproduction and development studies published since 1990 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">reported significant effects.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Links to download each set of abstracts</b></span></div></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> RFR = radio frequency electromagnetic fields</b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> ELF = extremely low frequency or static </b></span><b style="font-family: arial;">electromagnetic fields</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><br /></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VIywRcIrMi0IzFWiKMlCNiRCU5XzJvWs/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>RFR Oxidative Effects studies</b></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s-anEDovBcZyPoHoLVNweGqQ760yGlp0/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>RFR Genetic Effects studies</b></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p1tgQx0x8lhT_VaXqxsUpQ5W25ezaeBM/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>RFR Neurological Effects studies</b></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/19iajvkJYBXhNEIJLaaghek0fn8-2lLN5/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>RFR Reproduction / Development studies</b></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GFfJYX3Akg_Ko70x9_XMHSCtf6n0yhFh/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>ELF Oxidative Effects studies</b></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1edgGJDysWtHCEaG07e-4l_GcoEcyy1x-/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>ELF Genetic Effects studies</b></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oF452W_14w_SF19RtWYG-A0Fs02eFVZE/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>ELF Neurological Effects studies</b></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1se2UxxHulgInG3nOiCsnIK9RaR8WtTRp/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>ELF Reproduction studies</b></a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qbyjfrTRxuCXDaqXa4XY4_lAYhPC6c0m/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>List of static / ELF low flux density studies that found effects</b></a></span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wHUzKSzOjQuD_Pcfcw_5c0vB4WgCefLg/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank"><b>Intermediate Frequency studies</b></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b><span color="windowtext"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">--</span></span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b><span color="windowtext"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span color="windowtext"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Feb 4, 2023 (Updated Aug 4, 2023)</span></span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span color="windowtext"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span color="windowtext"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Effects of Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure on Free Radical-Related Cellular Processes (290 studies)<a name="290"></a><a href="#290"></a></span></span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span color="windowtext"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://bioe.uw.edu/portfolio-items/henry-lai/" style="color: #2823a3; text-decoration-line: none;"><b>Dr. Henry Lai</b></a>, Professor Emeritus, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span color="windowtext"><span style="font-family: arial;">This document contains abstracts for 332 studies published since 1997 that assessed the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure on free radical-related cellular processes.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span color="windowtext"><span style="font-family: arial;">See pages 180-207 for the <b>Table</b> that summarizes key details about each study.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Summary</b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">1. Of the 332 studies published from 1997- August, 2023, 297 (89%) studies reported significant effects; 36 (11%) studies found no significant effects.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">2. Change in cellular free radical status is a consistent effect of radiofrequency radiation.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="color: #222222;">3. Effects can occur at low specific absorption rates (SAR) or power density of exposure. See 82 studies marked </span><span style="color: #ea9999;"><b>LI</b></span><span style="color: #222222;"> for low intensity (less than or equal to 0.4 W/kg); 79 </span><span style="color: #ea9999;"><b>LI </b></span><span style="color: #222222;">studies found effects.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">4. Effects have been reported at different frequencies, exposure duration, and modulations, and in many different biological systems, cell lines, and animal species. These data support the assertion that “Radiofrequency radiation affects cellular free radical processes.”</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">5. Most of the studies are live animal (<i>in vivo</i>) studies with long-term exposure, e.g., daily exposure up to months.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="color: #222222;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;">6. Some studies used mobile phones or RFR-emitting devices for exposure (see Table). The SAR and characteristics of RFR in these studies are not well defined. However, these studies should not be overlooked because they represent real-life exposure scenarios. Waveform modulations of radiofrequency radiation during wireless communication usage probably play an important role in biological effects. They are not revealed in studies that used a simple form of radiation (e.g., continuous-wave or GSM) and spatially uniformed fields. Researchers in bioelectromagnetics should realize that the perfect RFR exposure system simulating real life exposures simply does not exist.</span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Click on the following link to download the 207-page document (pdf): <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/19VyRuDUwuKQCWbH-eqbagGPUi7zNyapZ/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank">Link</a></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><br /></p></span></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div>
</div>
Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-56460101767513401162024-01-17T12:21:00.000-08:002024-01-17T13:11:32.045-08:00Breaking News<span style="font-family: arial;">The National Toxicology Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences announced it will no longer study the effects of radio frequency radiation; yet, head and neck tumors associated with cell phone use have increased in the U.S. since 2000.</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><b style="font-size: large;">National Toxicology Program Fact Sheet</b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The National Toxicology Program
announced this month through an updated fact sheet that it no longer plans to study the effects of cell phone or radio frequency radiation (RFR) due to technical challenges and lack of resources.<br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The NTP, the only Federal agency in the US to study the effects of RFR since the 1990s (after the Congress cut off the EPA's funding for this research), updated its cell phone radiation fact sheet this month to announce that it lacks the resources to continue to study the effects of radio frequency radiation:<br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKn146p3Dydli4KZmSIrB5VklzLMWulKrLqI6fGJHv2ZInKRsKEHKfReZfb5bQw77VlKQzQhtPFmrblmrJDSkiT8yGS5EAKmUO2uQ11ItTImp13nCwuUP_gNyhn0qMIk88toytSwZtgplGBoYqOt1Bf9jU6Dc2Tu23jnPCEBzJemkI3JnpKEBmRVAa8eE/s635/NTP%20plans%201-2024.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="635" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKn146p3Dydli4KZmSIrB5VklzLMWulKrLqI6fGJHv2ZInKRsKEHKfReZfb5bQw77VlKQzQhtPFmrblmrJDSkiT8yGS5EAKmUO2uQ11ItTImp13nCwuUP_gNyhn0qMIk88toytSwZtgplGBoYqOt1Bf9jU6Dc2Tu23jnPCEBzJemkI3JnpKEBmRVAa8eE/w400-h258/NTP%20plans%201-2024.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The NTP no longer plans to study cell phone radiation despite the fact that their 2018 study found "clear evidence" (the highest category) of carcinogenicity in male rats from exposure to cell phone radiation in what is arguably the strongest toxicology study ever conducted on this environmental toxin. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcXesrsNuNug1LUCwni9t1oX9486SER8S9JzdRwefbKR-YL09Fhx045CN48lBaU4DZ00Y1O_UHcCtm9XExQya2Zupvw9wkmyJ9KzsoM9sdVsYLvQLYc6SEPLDM2jtgYYgv0NgFNVF-EPHSzs-XPeidfPNyd84F49vI6JuAyyPGt0a10BNTRLfZQ-6DaGs/s685/NTP%20results%201-2024.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="505" data-original-width="685" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcXesrsNuNug1LUCwni9t1oX9486SER8S9JzdRwefbKR-YL09Fhx045CN48lBaU4DZ00Y1O_UHcCtm9XExQya2Zupvw9wkmyJ9KzsoM9sdVsYLvQLYc6SEPLDM2jtgYYgv0NgFNVF-EPHSzs-XPeidfPNyd84F49vI6JuAyyPGt0a10BNTRLfZQ-6DaGs/w400-h295/NTP%20results%201-2024.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div>The January 2024 NTP fact sheet can be downloaded here: </div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NTP_cell_phone_factsheet_jan_2024_508_0.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NTP_cell_phone_factsheet_jan_2024_508_0.pdf</a></span><br /><div style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif; margin-left: 40px; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Evidence of increased risk of cancer and nonmalignant tumors from RFR exposure has been found in two other major toxicology studies and in numerous case-control studies with humans (see related posts cited below). </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">The November 2018 version of this NTP fact sheet promised future studies:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5VD9c2aINHWZn8g2XTIrUwAMSzT_MnMNgD76bvlIm-pHTk-pZyKEf171SQ4Gl6WxZBjSmgc71SmhuGyhios4dXWPAUOKuJry5fD4bcvrohkg-y-ME-cLD3_E338ky0JTkPEBnlHn_dG1fpQRl_ITGbe_Ezv-8PoRISGheQunbxueYb8YS1UwQ9JM7yNA/s623/NTP%20plans%2011-2018.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="623" data-original-width="530" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5VD9c2aINHWZn8g2XTIrUwAMSzT_MnMNgD76bvlIm-pHTk-pZyKEf171SQ4Gl6WxZBjSmgc71SmhuGyhios4dXWPAUOKuJry5fD4bcvrohkg-y-ME-cLD3_E338ky0JTkPEBnlHn_dG1fpQRl_ITGbe_Ezv-8PoRISGheQunbxueYb8YS1UwQ9JM7yNA/w340-h400/NTP%20plans%2011-2018.JPG" width="340" /></a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="tahoma, sans-serif" style="text-align: left;">The November 2018 version of the NTP cell phone radiation fact sheet can be downloaded here: </span><a href="https://bit.ly/NTPfactsheet2018" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/NTPfactsheet2018</a></span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif; margin-left: 40px;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">
<div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span class="gmail_default"></span>Head and neck tumors associated with cell phone use have increased in the U.S. since 2000</b></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="gmail_default">Since the year 2000, t</span>he U.S. has experienced significant increases in the age-adjusted incidence rates of four <span class="gmail_default">head </span>and neck tumors <span class="gmail_default">associated with cell phone use, </span>including <span class="gmail_default"></span>the most serious <span class="gmail_default">malignant </span>brain <span class="gmail_default">tumor </span>(glioblastoma), a non-malignant tumor on the outer covering of the brain (meningioma) and cancers of the salivary <span class="gmail_default">and thyroid </span>glands.<span class="gmail_default"> Among youth less than 20 years of age, nonmalignant meningioma and thyroid cancer significantly increased.</span><br /></div><div></div><div>
<div><br /></div><div>Whereas
the size of the population in the U.S. increased 16% between 2000 and
2019, the number of cases reported in the
National Cancer Institute's <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/" target="_blank">SEER</a> 22 registry for
these four tumors had a greater increase<span class="gmail_default">: </span><span class="gmail_default">a </span>53% <span class="gmail_default">increase </span>for
glioblastoma, 124% for non-malignant meningioma, <span class="gmail_default"></span>52% for salivary gland cancer<span class="gmail_default">, and </span>
<span class="gmail_default"></span>132% for thyroid
cancer. </div><div><br /></div><div>The increase in <span class="gmail_default">age-adjusted </span>incidence <span class="gmail_default">rates for </span>these four tumors is likely attributable to the chronic effects of mobile phone use in addition to other factors including improv<span class="gmail_default">ements in </span>screenin<span class="gmail_default">g.</span>
</div>
</div><div><br /></div><div>The tumor incidence rate data below are from the SEER 22 Registry which covers 48% of the total <span class="gmail_default">U.S. </span>population<span class="gmail_default">. </span>The data were age-adjusted to the population in the year 2000 so observed differences over time are not affected by changes in the age composition of the population.</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b></b></div><div><b>Glioblastoma</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div>G<span class="gmail_default">lioblastoma is the most common malignant brain and central nervous system tumor (i.e., cancer) with a median survival rate of only 8 months.<br /></span><div><br /></div><div><span class="gmail_default">In the U.S., a</span>lthough the age-adjusted incidence rate of all brain and nervous system <span class="gmail_default">cancers </span>significantly decreased
by 0.4% per year from 2009 to 2019, <span class="gmail_default">the incidence of </span>glioblastoma<span class="gmail_default"> </span>significantly increased overall by 1.2% per year from 2000 to 2004. </div><div><br /></div><div>Moreover, <span class="gmail_default"></span>from 2000 to 2019, glioblastoma incidence increased significantly in three age groups--by 2.3% per year for children less than 15 years of age, by 1.3% per year for <span class="gmail_default">young </span>adults 15 to 39 years of age, and by 0.3% per year for adults 65 to 74 years of age.
Among adults 75 and older, glioblastoma significantly increased by 1.3% per year from 2000-2009. <br /></div><div><div class="gmail_default"><div><a href="http://goog_36800761" target="_blank"><b><br /></b></a></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=661&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_type=1&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion1" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=661&<wbr></wbr>data_type=1&graph_type=2&<wbr></wbr>compareBy=age_range&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_122=122&chk_age_range_<wbr></wbr>160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_<wbr></wbr>type=1&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&<wbr></wbr>advopt_precision=2&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#<wbr></wbr>resultsRegion1</a></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>Nonmalignant Meningioma </b>
</div><div><br /></div><div>
<span lang="en">In the U.S. nonmalignant meningioma </span>is the most common brain tumor. The incidence of this tumor was not reported to the SEER registry prior to 2004.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The overall age-adjusted incidence of nonmalignant meningioma <span class="gmail_default">of the brain and nervous system </span>significantly increased
70% in the U.S. from 2004 (6.46 per 100,000) to 2019 (11.01 per 100,000). From 2004 to 2008, the increase was 12.3% per year, and from 2008 to 2019, the increase was 2.1% per year.<span class="gmail_default"> <br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div>A<span class="gmail_default">mong youth less than 20 years of age</span>
t<span class="gmail_default">he incidence of nonmalignant meningioma significantly increased by 2.8% per year from 2004 to 2019</span><span class="gmail_default">.</span></div><div><span class="gmail_default"><br /></span>
</div></div></div><div><span class="gmail_default"></span></div><div class="gmail_default"></div><div class="gmail_default"><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=501&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_type=1&sex=1&race=1&hdn_stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion1" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=501&<wbr></wbr>data_type=1&graph_type=2&<wbr></wbr>compareBy=age_range&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_122=122&chk_age_range_<wbr></wbr>160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_15=15&hdn_rate_<wbr></wbr>type=1&sex=1&race=1&hdn_stage=<wbr></wbr>101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_<wbr></wbr>show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#<wbr></wbr>resultsRegion1</a></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div></div><div></div><div>
<div><div class="gmail_default"></div></div></div><div><b>Salivary Gland Cancer </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>
<div>The
age-adjusted incidence rate of salivary gland cancer significantly increased overall in the U.S. <span class="gmail_default"></span>by 0.6% per year<span class="gmail_default"> </span>
<span class="gmail_default"></span>from 2000 to
2019<span class="gmail_default">. </span>
<span class="gmail_default"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div></div></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=7&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion1" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=7&data_<wbr></wbr>type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=<wbr></wbr>age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=<wbr></wbr>122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_<wbr></wbr>age_range_166=166&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&<wbr></wbr>race=1&stage=101&advopt_<wbr></wbr>precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&<wbr></wbr>advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=<wbr></wbr>1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_<wbr></wbr>display=2#resultsRegion1</a></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="gmail_default"><b>Thyroid Cancer</b><br /><div><br /></div><div></div><div>
The
age-adjusted incidence rate of thyroid cancer significantly increased overall in the U.S. from 2000 to
2009 by 7.1% per year and from 2009 to 2014 by 2.3% per year.<span class="gmail_default"> </span><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>A<span class="gmail_default">mong youth less than 20 years of age</span> t<span class="gmail_default">hyroid cancer incidence significantly increased by 4.5% per year </span><span class="gmail_default">f</span><span class="gmail_default">rom 2000 to 2019.</span>
</div><div><br /></div><div></div><div></div><div><a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=80&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_age_range_166=166&chk_age_range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&race=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/<wbr></wbr>application.html?site=80&data_<wbr></wbr>type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=<wbr></wbr>age_range&chk_age_range_1=1&<wbr></wbr>chk_age_range_16=16&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_62=62&chk_age_range_122=<wbr></wbr>122&chk_age_range_160=160&chk_<wbr></wbr>age_range_166=166&chk_age_<wbr></wbr>range_15=15&rate_type=2&sex=1&<wbr></wbr>race=1&stage=101&advopt_<wbr></wbr>precision=2&advopt_show_ci=on&<wbr></wbr>advopt_show_count=on&hdn_view=<wbr></wbr>1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_<wbr></wbr>display=2</a></div>
</div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div></div><div>Reference: SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics
[Internet]. Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute;
2023 Apr 19. [updated: 2023 Nov 16; cited 2024 Jan 9]. Available from: <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/" target="_blank">https://seer.cancer.gov/<wbr></wbr>statistics-network/explorer/</a>. Data source(s): SEER Incidence Data, November 2022 Submission (1975-2020), <a href="https://seer.cancer.gov/registries/terms.html" target="_blank">SEER 22 registries</a>.
</div><div><br /></div><div></div><div><div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Related Posts</b></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div>
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<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/03/brain-tumor-incidence-trends.html" target="_blank">Trends in Brain Tumor Incidence Outside the U.S.</a><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/the-incidence-of-meningioma-non.html" target="_blank">The Incidence of Meningioma, a Non-Malignant Brain Tumor, is Increasing in the U.S.</a></span>
</div><div><br /></div><div>
<div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/11/new-review-study-tumor-risk.html" target="_blank">New review study finds that heavier cell phone use increases tumor risk</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/03/expert-report-by-former-us-government.html" target="_blank">Expert report by former U.S. govt. official: High probability RF radiation causes brain tumors</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/CarlbergHardell2017" target="_blank">Cell phone and cordless phone use causes brain cancer: New review</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/04/who-monograph-on-cancer-risk-from.html" target="_blank">WHO Monograph on Cancer Risk from Mobile Phone Use</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/06/storyline-vs-rest-of-story-brain-cancer.html" target="_blank">Storyline vs. Rest-of-the-story: Brain cancer incidence, cellphone use & trends data</a></span></div>
<div><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/04/acoustic-neuroma-and-cell-phone-use.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Acoustic Neuroma and Cell Phone Use</a></div><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/07/is-mobile-phone-use-contributing-to.html" target="_blank">Thyroid Cancer and Mobile Phone Use</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/12/cell-phone-use-and-salivary-gland-tumor.html" target="_blank">Cell Phone Use and Salivary Gland Tumor Risk</a></span><br />
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/05/mobi-kids-childhood-brain-tumor-risk.html" target="_blank">MOBI-KIDS: Childhood Brain Tumor Risk & Mobile Phone Use Study</a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2022/03/the-uk-million-women-study-of-cell.html" target="_blank">The UK Million Women Study of Cell Phone Use and Brain Tumor Risk</a></span></div></div></div></div>Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-27405280922980643172024-01-17T02:00:00.000-08:002024-01-18T12:06:24.869-08:00Ramazzini Institute Cell Phone Radiation Study Replicates NTP Study<div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><b>Genetic profiling of rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas from life-time
radiofrequency radiation exposure study using a targeted next-generation
sequencing gene panel
</b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">
Brooks AM, Vornoli A, Kovi RC, Ton TVT, Xu M, Mashal A, Tibaldi E, Gnudi
F, Li JL, Sills RC, Bucher JR, Mandrioli D, Belpoggi F, Pandiri AR.
Genetic profiling of rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas from life-time
radiofrequency radiation exposure study using a targeted next-generation
sequencing gene panel. PLoS One. 2024 Jan 17;19(1):e0296699. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0296699. <br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">Abstract</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">
<h2 class="gmail-title"></h2>
<div class="gmail-abstract-content gmail-selected" id="eng-abstract">
<p>
The cancer hazard associated with lifetime exposure to
radiofrequency radiation (RFR) was examined in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats
at the Ramazzini Institute (RI), Italy. There were increased incidences
of gliomas and cardiac schwannomas. The translational relevance of these
rare rat tumors for human disease is poorly understood. We examined the
genetic alterations in RFR-derived rat tumors through molecular
characterization of important cancer genes relevant for human
gliomagenesis. A targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was
designed for rats based on the top 23 orthologous human glioma-related
genes. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertion and
deletions (indels) were characterized in the rat gliomas and cardiac
schwannomas. Translational relevance of these genetic alterations in rat
tumors to human disease was determined through comparison with the
Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. These data
suggest that rat gliomas resulting from life-time exposure to RFR
histologically resemble low grade human gliomas but surprisingly no
mutations were detected in rat gliomas that had homology to the human
IDH1 p.R132 or IDH2 p.R172 suggesting that rat gliomas are primarily
wild-type for IDH hotspot mutations implicated in human gliomas. The rat
gliomas appear to share some genetic alterations with IDH1 wildtype
human gliomas and rat cardiac schwannomas also harbor mutations in some
of the queried cancer genes. These data demonstrate that targeted NGS
panels based on tumor specific orthologous human cancer driver genes are
an important tool to examine the translational relevance of rodent
tumors resulting from chronic/life-time rodent bioassays.</p><p>Excerpt</p><p>
</p><p>In summary, our results demonstrate that regardless of their etiology
(due to lifetime RFR exposure or arising spontaneously), rat gliomas
are primarily <em>Idh</em>1/2 wild type unlike most human gliomas.
Histologically, most of the rat gliomas resemble diffuse low-grade
gliomas in humans and such gliomas that do not harbor <em>IDH1/2</em>
mutations in humans are known to have poor prognosis. The genetic
alterations in other cancer genes evaluated in this panel provide novel
insights into tumor progression in rat gliomas and cardiac schwannomas.
The relevance of specific mutations to human cancers is variable, with
some genes (<em>Tp53</em>, <em>Cdkn2a</em>, <em>Erbb2</em>, <em>Chek2</em>, <em>Kras</em> and <em>Pik3r1</em>) harboring many alterations with COSMIC relevance while the opposite is true for other target genes (<em>Idh1/2</em>, <em>Atrx</em>, <em>Notch1</em>, <em>Pten</em>, <em>Rb1</em> and <em>Setd2</em>).
Several of these conserved mutations in rat tumors do not have
comparable alterations in the COSMIC database, suggesting that the
orthologous mutations could have different functional consequences in
rat carcinogenesis and deserve further study. An important consideration
is that molecular differences underlying mutational processes
contribute to distinct mutational patterns which could be the result of
similar etiology, albeit by different mechanisms.</p>
<a class="gmail-link-target" id="gmail-article1.body1.sec4.sec2.p4" name="article1.body1.sec4.sec2.p4"></a><p>Several
of the variants that were detected in gliomas were also observed in
non-tumor brain tissues from interim time point providing an insight
into the molecular pathogenesis in rodent carcinogenicity studies and
these strategies may be utilized to potentially estimate the cancer
hazard risk in shorter term animal studies. Finally, this targeted
mutation panel may be refined using data from whole genome or exome
sequencing of rat tumors and performing error corrected duplex
sequencing to increase the sensitivity to detect rare mutations in
exposed non-tumor tissues from early time points.</p></div>
</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">Open access paper: </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0296699" target="_blank">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0296699</a></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;"><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>March 22, 2018</b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>A newly-published study by the Ramazzini
Institute (RI) replicates the heart tumor result from the <a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/05/national-toxicology-progam-finds-cell.html" target="_blank">NationalToxicology Program (NTP) study of cell phone radiation</a> on rats.The RI study found increased incidence of heart schwannoma in male rats despite the
use of different frequencies and much lower intensity radio frequency radiation
(RFR) than the NTP study. This suggests that the primary health effect found in the NTP study is robust.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Ramazzini Institute (RI) conducted a life-span study on
rats to evaluate the carcinogenic effects of cell phone radiation.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Among male rats, the overall incidence of heart schwannoma and
hyperplasia (precancerous cells) was 0.7% (3 of 412) in the control group, 1.2% (5/401) in the 5
volts/meter (V/m) group, 1.0% (2/209) in the 25 V/m group, and 3.9% (8/207) in
the 50 V/m group. The 50 V/m group had significantly greater incidence than the
control group (p < .02).</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Among male rats, the overall incidence of glioma and glial cell
hyperplasia in the control group was 0.0% (0 of 412), 0.7% (3/401) in the 5 V/m group, 1.4% (3/209) in the 25 V/m group, and 0.0% (0/207) in
the 50 V/m group. However, these differences were not statistically significant.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">The study used a different GSM cell phone carrier
frequency (1800 MHz vs. 900 MHz) and much lower intensity microwave radiation
exposures than the NTP study. The Specific Absorption Rates ranged from 0.001 -
0.1 W/kg SAR in the RI study as compared to 1.5 - 6.0 W/kg in the NTP study. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Ramazzini Institute is a non-profit organization in
Bologna, Italy that has conducted scientific research for more than
two decades to identify and quantify environmental toxic and carcinogenic risks
and evaluate the effectiveness of drugs to prevent the onset or development of
cancer.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The abstract for the paper and the press release appear below.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">P.S. </span>In our six-nation study of RFR exposure, the average total RFR exposure (not just cell tower RFR) was highest in Los Angeles where it ranged from 0.72 to 1.60 V/m across eight different outdoor microenvironments</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/03/cell-phone-towers-are-largest.html" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Sagar et al., 2018</a>)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. The highest average total RFR value measured in
our study was 1.85 V/m which was found on a university campus in Australia and
was attributable to FM radio transmissions.</span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px;">Falcioni L, Bua L, Tibaldi E, et al. Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of a 1.8 GHz GSM base station environmental emission. </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #212121; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px;">Environ Res</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px;">. 2018;165:496-503. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.037</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Abstract<br />
<br />
Background: In 2011, IARC </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(International Agency for Research on Cancer) </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">classified radiofrequency radiation (RFR) as possible
human carcinogen (Group 2B). According to IARC, animals studies, as well as
epidemiological ones, showed limited evidence of carcinogenicity. In 2016, the
NTP published the first results of its long-term bioassays on near field RFR,
reporting increased incidence of malignant glial tumors of the brain and heart
Schwannoma in rats exposed to GSM – and CDMA –modulated cell phone RFR. The
tumors observed in the NTP study are of the type similar to the ones observed
in some epidemiological studies of cell phone users.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
<br />
Objectives: The Ramazzini Institute (RI) performed a life-span carcinogenic
study on Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the carcinogenic effects of RFR in the
situation of far field, reproducing the environmental exposure to RFR generated
by 1.8 GHz GSM antenna of the radio base stations of mobile phone. This is the
largest long-term study ever performed in rats on the health effects of RFR,
including 2448 animals. In this article, we reported the final results
regarding brain and heart tumors.<br />
<br />
Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed from prenatal life
until natural death to a 1.8 GHz GSM far field of 0, 5, 25, 50 V/m with a
whole-body exposure for 19 h/day.<br />
<br />
Results: A statistically significant increase in the incidence of heart
Schwannomas was observed in treated male rats at the highest dose (50 V/m).
Furthermore, an increase in the incidence of heart Schwann cells hyperplasia
was observed in treated male and female rats at the highest dose (50 V/m),
although this was not statistically significant. An increase in the incidence
of malignant glial tumors was observed in treated female rats at the highest
dose (50 V/m), although not statistically significant.<br />
<br />
Conclusions: The RI findings on far field exposure to RFR are consistent with
and reinforce the results of the NTP study on near field exposure, as both
reported an increase in the incidence of tumors of the brain and heart in
RFR-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats. These tumors are of the same histotype of
those observed in some epidemiological studies on cell phone users. These
experimental studies provide sufficient evidence to call for the reevaluation of IARC conclusions regarding
the carcinogenic potential of RFR in humans.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29530389/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29530389/</a><br /><br /></span>
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<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;">Title: World’s Largest Animal Study on Cell Tower Radiation Confirms Cancer Link</span><br />
</span><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Environmental Health Trust, Press Release, March 22, 2018</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Byline</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Scientists call on the World Health Organization International Agency for the Research on Cancer to re-evaluate the carcinogenicity of cell phone radiation after the Ramazzini Institute and US government studies report finding the same unusual cancers. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(Washington, DC) – Researchers with the renowned Ramazzini Institute (RI) in Italy announce that a large-scale lifetime </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367?via%253Dihub&source=gmail&ust=1521780088754000&usg=AFQjCNGbDqFxNVuINxmE0FV7CYYWqQuU5w" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367?via%3Dihub" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">study </span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">of lab animals exposed to environmental levels of cell tower radiation developed cancer. A $25 million study of much higher levels of cell phone radiofrequency (RF) radiation, from the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) has also reported finding the same unusual cancer called Schwannoma of the heart in male rats treated at the highest dose. In addition, the RI study of cell tower radiation also found increases in malignant brain (glial) tumors in female rats and precancerous conditions including Schwann cell hyperplasia in both male and female rats. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<br />
</span><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">"Our findings of cancerous tumors in rats exposed to environmental levels of RF are consistent with and reinforce the results of the US NTP studies on cell phone radiation, as both reported increases in the same types of tumors of the brain and heart in Sprague-Dawley rats. Together, these studies provide sufficient evidence to call for the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to re-evaluate and re-classify their conclusions regarding the carcinogenic potential of RFR in humans," said Fiorella Belpoggi PhD, study author and RI Director of Research. </span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">The Ramazzini study exposed 2448 Sprague-Dawley rats from prenatal life until their natural death to “environmental” cell tower radiation for 19 hours a day (1.8 GHz GSM radio frequency radiation (RFR) of 5, 25 and 50 V/m). RI exposures mimicked base station emissions like those from cell tower antennas, and exposure levels were far less than those used in the NTP studies of cell phone radiation. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<br />
</span><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">“All of the exposures used in the Ramazzini study were below the US FCC limits. These are permissible exposures according to the FCC. In other words, a person can legally be exposed to this level of radiation. Yet cancers occurred in these animals at these legally permitted levels. The Ramazzini findings are consistent with the NTP study demonstrating these effects are a reproducible finding,” explained Ronald Melnick PhD, formerly the Senior NIH toxicologist who led the design of the NTP study on cell phone radiation. “Governments need to strengthen regulations to protect the public from these harmful non-thermal exposures.” </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<br />
</span><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“This important article from one of the most acclaimed institutions of its kind in the world provides a major new addition to the technical literature indicating strong reasons for concern about electromagnetic radiation from base stations or cell towers,” stated Editor in Chief of Environmental Research Jose Domingo PhD, Professor of Toxicology</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, School of Medicine at Reus University, Catalonia, Spain. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<br />
</span><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">“The US NTP results combined now with the Ramazzini study, reinforce human studies from our team and others providing clear evidence that RF radiation causes acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) and gliomas, and should be classified carcinogenic to humans,” stated Lennart Hardell MD, PhD, physician-epidemiologist with the Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden who has published extensively on environmental causes of cancer including Agent Orange, pesticides and cell phone radiofrequency radiation.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<br />
</span><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“The evidence indicating wireless is carcinogenic has increased and can no longer be ignored,” stated University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health Professor Emeritus Anthony B. Miller MD, Member of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of Canada and the UK, who is also a long-term adviser to the World Health Organization. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f497d; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This study raises concerns that simply living close to a cell tower will pose threats to human health. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Governments need to take measures to reduce exposures from cell tower emissions. Cell towers should not be near schools, hospitals or people's homes. Public health agencies need to educate the public on how to reduce exposure from all sources of wireless radiofrequency radiation--be it from cell towers or cell phones or Wi-Fi in schools, " stated David </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f497d; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">O. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Carpenter MD</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f497d; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, former Dean of the School of Public Health at the University at Albany. “This is particularly urgent because of current plans to place small 5G cell towers about every 300 meters in every street across the country. These 5G “small cell’ antennas will result in continuous exposure to everyone living nearby and everyone walking down the street. The increased exposures will increase risk of cancer and other diseases such as electro-hypersensitivity.”</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ramazzini Institute investigators have completed nearly 500 cancer bioassays on more than 200 compounds, and their study design is unique in that animals are allowed to live until their natural deaths in order to allow detection of late-developing tumors. Eighty percent of all human cancers are </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2592260/&source=gmail&ust=1521780088754000&usg=AFQjCNGC0JMyCj5f7C5QUQ6iWaAQrbLqNg" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2592260/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">late-developing</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, occurring in humans after 60 years of age. This longer observation period has allowed the RI to detect such later-occurring tumors for a number of chemicals, and their published research includes studies of </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2792037/&source=gmail&ust=1521780088754000&usg=AFQjCNGaxJ2GtW75PixtaO_ggH6md2vypg" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2792037/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">benzene</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9472329/&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNE-EcOnl4VrwhVz8xIIOhE1q4P0Aw" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9472329/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">xylenes</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12562632&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNHWbchCb9YahqgikeJqq260nmk4RA" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12562632" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">mancozeb</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12562630&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNHO_wqUMyxqKHI-wYXjC8Eb6BHFUQ" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12562630" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">formaldehyde</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3389652&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNEt6apB-azibw7BVeoYnM_3CtpuSg" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3389652" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">vinyl chloride</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Ramazzini research results come in the wake of similar findings from the US National Toxicology Program (NTP) large-scale experimental </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/about/org/sep/trpanel/meetings/docs/2018/march/index.html&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNEPBXkEHhYEW54IndN1vN2mQJBdAA" href="https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/about/org/sep/trpanel/meetings/docs/2018/march/index.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">studies</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> on cell phone radiation. Both studies </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/about_ntp/trpanel/2018/march/tr595peerdraft.pdf&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNHewaDYrmugO8rs2T7bCbmFijh8TA" href="https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/about_ntp/trpanel/2018/march/tr595peerdraft.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">found </span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">statistically significant increases in the development of the same type of very rare and highly malignant tumor in the heart of male rats—schwannomas. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">“This publication is a serious cause for concern, “ stated Annie J. Sasco, MD, DrPH, SM, MPH, retired Director of Research at the INSERM (French NIH) and former Unit Chief at International Agency for the Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, France who commented that, “some of the results are not statistically significant due to the relatively small number of animals involved. Yet, that does not mean they should be ignored. Larger studies could turn out statistically significant results and in any event statistical significance is just one aspect of evaluation of the relation between exposure and disease. Biological significance and concordance of results between humans and animals clearly reinforces the strength of the evidence of carcinogenicity. The facts that both experimental studies found the same types of rare tumors, which also have pertinence to the human clinical picture, is striking,”</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“Such findings of effects at very low levels are not unexpected,” stated Devra Davis PhD, MPH, president of <a href="https://ehtrust.org/" target="_blank">Environmental Health Trust (EHT)</a>, pointing to a Jacobs University replication animal </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X15003988&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNGT4T8-HmuB5lOFHHS46Vjpy3NuCQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X15003988" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">study</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> published in 2015 that also found very low levels of RFR promoted tumor growth.“This study confirms an ever growing literature and provides a wake-up call to governments to enact protective policy to limit exposures to the public and to the the private sector to make safe radiation-free technology available.” </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In January 2017 at an </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://ehtrust.org/science/key-scientific-lectures/2017-expert-forum-wireless-radiation-human-health/&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNHW9OsQYFHazQFJsmfgS8W2gPYBXw" href="https://ehtrust.org/science/key-scientific-lectures/2017-expert-forum-wireless-radiation-human-health/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">international conference</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> co-sponsored by EHT and the Israel Institute for Advanced Study at Hebrew University, Fiorella Belpoggi PhD, Director of Research at the Ramazzini Institute, presented the study design and the findings that RFR-exposed animals had significantly lower litter weights. Belpoggi’s </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DESRIubk9iAM&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNG4KgcolpYFk-qkzPxc9IHoOpeCBg" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESRIubk9iAM" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">presentation</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://ehtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Fiorella-Belpoggi-01.23.pdf&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNEajmy76FPhV44hcb4IK9yzSGAg_w" href="https://ehtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Fiorella-Belpoggi-01.23.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">slides</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> are available online. The Ramazzini findings of lower litter weights are consistent with the NTP study, which also found lower litter weights in prenatally exposed animals. At that time, the Italian journal </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Corriere </i></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">published an </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.corriere.it/salute/sportello_cancro/17_gennaio_27/cellulari-ricerca-italiana-rilancia-l-ipotesi-loro-pericolosita-dc6a23ac-e49e-11e6-bab2-81c2e6263bbb.shtml&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNGIvS5bQLVNSWze5Q1B34iz9GEMog" href="http://www.corriere.it/salute/sportello_cancro/17_gennaio_27/cellulari-ricerca-italiana-rilancia-l-ipotesi-loro-pericolosita-dc6a23ac-e49e-11e6-bab2-81c2e6263bbb.shtml" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">article</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> about the presentation of the Ramazzini study and quoted Belpoggi’s recommendation of “maximum precaution for children and pregnant women.” </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">Noting that “current standards were not set to protect children, pregnant women, and the growing numbers of infants and toddlers for whom devices have become playthings”, Davis, who is also Visiting Professor of Medicine of Hebrew University Medical Center, and Guest Editor in Chief of the journal <i>Environmental Research</i>, added, “Current two-decade old FCC limits were set when the average call was six minutes and costly cell phones were used by very few. These important, new, game-changing studies show that animals develop the same types of unusual cancers that are being seen in those few human epidemiological studies that have been done. In light of these results, EHT joins with public health experts from the states of California, Connecticut and Maryland, as well as those in France, Israel, and Belgium to call on government and the private sector to carry out major ongoing public health educational campaigns to promote safer phone and personal device technology, to require and expedite fundamental changes in hardware and software to reduce exposures to RFR/microwave radiation throughout indoor and outdoor environments, and to institute major monitoring, training and research programs to identify solutions, future problems and prevention of related hazards and risks.” </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“More than a dozen countries </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://ehtrust.org/policy/international-policy-actions-on-wireless/&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFXqecoyo2Ut1_KZV_LZIl3TqNxeQ" href="https://ehtrust.org/policy/international-policy-actions-on-wireless/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">recommend</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> reducing radiofrequency radiation exposure to children, and countries such as China, Italy, India and Russia have far more stringent cell tower radiation regulations in place when compared to the United States. However, this study provides scientific evidence that governments can use to take </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">even further action</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,” stated Theodora Scarato, Executive Director of EHT. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The article is “</span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNF2GmUKkq9v_Lz6tuThQ5-tGyrE_w" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of a 1.8 GHz base station environmental emission”</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> by L. Falcioni, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">L. Bua</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">E.Tibaldi</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">M. Lauriola</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">L. De Angelis</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">F. Gnudi</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">D. Mandrioli</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, M. Manservigi, F. Manservisi, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I. Manzoli</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I. Menghetti</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">R. Montella</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">S. Panzacchi</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">D. Sgargi</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">V. Strollo</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367%23&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFU0BKeavcOHl9xWP80AYFBzhg7SQ" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300367#" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A.Vornoli</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, F. Belpoggi (</span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.037&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNHKgLyB8IJs_Ox-tH86n7_jMz_K_A" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.037" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.<wbr></wbr>2018.01.037</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) It appears in </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.journals.elsevier.com/environmental-research&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNFjHRZf841g1yYmmMvM-wTCK8MIkA" href="https://www.journals.elsevier.com/environmental-research" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Environmental Research</i></span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> published by </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.elsevier.com/&source=gmail&ust=1521780088755000&usg=AFQjCNGrWJhmTcWZ0NzHU30xeLpkDdSBuw" href="http://www.elsevier.com/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Elsevier</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></span></div>
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-54244002114769650312024-01-01T01:30:00.000-08:002024-01-02T17:30:43.851-08:00Overview of Older Contents<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>General</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">"</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5ABKmLP0rE" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Wireless Radiation: What Environmental Health Leaders Should Know</a><span style="font-family: arial;">" (Multiple presenters, Jonas Philanthropies and Health & Environmental Funders Network webinar / video, 2021</span></p><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/UCSF-RFR-health-risks-grand-rounds.html" target="_blank">"Radio Frequency Radiation Health Risks: Implications for 5G</a>" (Occupational & Environmental Medicine </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Grand Rounds, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">UC San Francisco webinar / video & slides, 2020)</span></div><div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/03/cellphones-cell-towers-wireless.html" target="_blank">"Cell Phones, Cell Towers, and Wireless Safety"</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (Invited UC Berkeley public presentation / transcript, video, podcast & slides, 2019)</span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jLuKGtCZP9EE_vL01O104C7P7PuuHLIS/view" target="_blank">"Why experts believe wireless radiation is harmful"</a> (Slides & comments from brief presentation, 2019)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/05/should-cellphones-have-warning-labels_23.html" target="_blank">Wall Street Journal asks "Should Cellphones Have Warning Labels?"</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/mobilize-film-about-cell-phone-radiation.html">Mobilize: A Film About Cell Phone Radiation</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (documentary video)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: start;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b><b>5G: Health and Environmental Impact</b><br /></span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/01/5g-global-protest-1-25-2020.html" target="_blank">5G Global Protest</a></span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/05/5g-day-of-action-2019.html" target="_blank">5G Day of Action</a></span></span></div></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/07/major-newspaper-editorials-oppose-5g.html" target="_blank">5G Wireless Technology: Major newspaper editorials oppose "small cell" antenna bills</a><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2016/07/fcc-open-letter-calls-for-moratorium-on.html" target="_blank">FCC Open Letter Calls for Moratorium on New Applications of Radiofrequency Radiation</a></span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Mobile Phone Health Effects</span></b></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/08/cellphonestudies2years.html" target="_blank">Scientific Evidence of Harm from Cell Phone Radiation: Two Years of Research</a><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Cancer or Tumor Risk</b></div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> Animal Studies</b></span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/05/national-toxicology-progam-finds-cell.html" target="_blank">National Toxicology Program (NTP) Finds Cell Phone Radiation Causes Cancer</a><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/01/national-toxicology-program-peer-public.html" target="_blank">National Toxicology Program: Peer & public review of cell phone radiation study reports</a></span><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> Head and Neck Tumor Risk</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/02/long-term-cell-phone-use-increases.html" target="_blank">Long-Term Cell Phone Use Increases Brain Tumor Risk</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/07/why-do-many-scientists-around-world.html" target="_blank">Why do many scientists believe mobile phone use increases cancer risk?</a></span><br /></span><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Other Health Risks</b></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/11/secondhand-exposure-to-cell-phone.html" target="_blank">Secondhand Exposure to Cell Phone Radiation: An Emerging Public Health Problem?</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/03/has-smart-phone-replaced-cigarette.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">Has the Smart Phone Replaced the Cigarette?</a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div><br /></div><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/10/does-wireless-radiation-from-cell.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Does Cell Phone and Wi-Fi Radiation Cause Alzheimer's Disease?</span></a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/08/cellphone-use-may-be-harmful-for-people.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cellphone use may be harmful for people with dental braces</span></a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Wireless Radiation Health Risks</span></b></div></div><div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><div style="text-align: center;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/02/health-experts-caution-about-smart.html" target="_blank">Health Experts Caution About Smart Meters</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/11/four-lectures-on-wireless-radiation.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Four lectures on wireless radiation health effects</span></a></div></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/09/emf-controversies-in-neurobiology.html" target="_blank">EMF Controversies in Neurobiology</a></span></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Environmental Health Risks (Effects on Other Species)</span></b></div><div><br /></div></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: start;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/03/dept-of-interior-attacks-fcc-regarding.html" target="_blank">Cell Tower Radiation Affects Wildlife: Dept. of Interior Attacks FCC</a></span></div><div><br /></div></div></span></div></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: start;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Product Safety</b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/10/do-iphones-emit-more-radiation-than_24.html" target="_blank">Do iPhones emit more radiation than Samsung Galaxy phones?</a><br /><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/09/iPhone-XS-XR-SAR.html" target="_blank">iPhone XS and XR: Specific Absorption Rates or RF Exposure</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/iPhoneXSAR" target="_blank">iPhone X Models: Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) or RF Exposure</a></span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/10/iphone-8-SAR.html" target="_blank">iPhone 8 Models: Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) or RF Exposure</a></span><br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/09/iphone-7-models-specific-absorption.html" target="_blank">iPhone 7 Models: Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) or RF Exposure</a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/09/iphone-6-sar-radiation-levels-and.html" target="_blank">iPhone 6 SAR: Radiation Levels & Separation Distance</a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/03/iphone-se-sar-radiation-levels.html">iPhone SE SAR: Radiation Levels & Separation Distance</a><o:p></o:p></span><br /><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/02/samsung-galaxy-s9-and-s9-plus-specific.html" target="_blank">Samsung Galaxy S9 and S9 Plus Specific Absorption Rates (SAR)</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/04/samsung-galaxy-s8-and-s8-plus-specific.html" target="_blank">Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8 Plus Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) </a></span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/03/samsung-galaxy-s7-and-s7-edge-specific.html" target="_blank">Samsung Galaxy S7 and S7 Edge Specific Absorption Rates (SAR)</a><br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/04/samsung-galaxy-s6-and-s6-edge-specific.html" target="_blank">Samsung Galaxy S6 and S6 Edge Specific Absorption Rates (SAR)</a></span><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/03/google-glass-alert-potential-health.html" target="_blank">Google Glass Alert: Potential health risks from wireless radiation</a></span></span></div></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Wireless Radiation Research, Guidelines & Regulatory Policies</span></b></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Berkeley Model Cell Phone Ordinance</b></span><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/08/berkeley-cell-phone-right-to-know.html" target="_blank">Berkeley Cell Phone "Right to Know" Ordinance: Media Coverage</a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>California Public Health Department</b></span><br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/01/CDPHsidebyside.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">California’s Cell Phone Safety Guidance: 2017 vs 2009</span></a><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Federal Communications Commission<br /></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/07/fcc-open-letter-calls-for-moratorium-on.html" target="_blank">FCC Open Letter: Moratorium on New Commercial Applications of RF Radiation</a></span><br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/08/fcc-needs-input-regarding-allocation-of.html" target="_blank">FCC needs input regarding allocation of spectrum for 5G<br /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/08/part-i-why-we-need-stronger-cell-phone.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">FCC: Why We Need Stronger Cell Phone Radiation Regulations--Key Testimony</a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2014/08/why-we-need-stronger-cell-phone_43.html" target="_blank">FCC: Why We Need Stronger Cell Phone Radiation Regulations--Research Papers</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/03/dept-of-interior-attacks-fcc-regarding.html" target="_blank">Cell Tower Radiation Affects Wildlife: Dept. of Interior Attacks FCC</a><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/11/analysis-of-cellular-phone-radiation.html" target="_blank">Cell Phone Radiation Hazards in 2002</a></span></span></div></div></div>Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.com29H7+79 Napar, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku, Indonesia-5.9717992 134.3634312-34.282033036178845 99.207181200000008 22.338434636178846 169.5196812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-36968058684495406622023-12-29T11:29:00.000-08:002023-12-30T11:28:11.461-08:00Electromagnetic fields threaten wildlife<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">(See the end of this post for additional resources.)</span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiEJKIzHJSViDeGWjSDS2NU1Q-IixB2NuKzcz7Sek0-T8v9KJYeEsNdDHXoP9zKgEzoKhYE-ru_0h31x2wu6h4x3IYFxYecwC07oBEt75jLrGzdF-2XeZLAcX75kzcoLVJjtp7_abcHjUOO4bXmPjFiRMq_nOkkDKkfjokY9-VW_0n37OOYJTgEZIy/s495/cell%20tower%20birds.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="495" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiEJKIzHJSViDeGWjSDS2NU1Q-IixB2NuKzcz7Sek0-T8v9KJYeEsNdDHXoP9zKgEzoKhYE-ru_0h31x2wu6h4x3IYFxYecwC07oBEt75jLrGzdF-2XeZLAcX75kzcoLVJjtp7_abcHjUOO4bXmPjFiRMq_nOkkDKkfjokY9-VW_0n37OOYJTgEZIy/w400-h353/cell%20tower%20birds.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><p style="text-align: center;">
<b>Potential Effects of Anthropogenic Radiofrequency Radiation on Cetaceans</b><br /></p>
<p>
Balmori-de la Puente A, Balmori A.
Potential Effects of Anthropogenic Radiofrequency Radiation on Cetaceans. <em>Radiation</em>. 2024; 4(1):1-16. doi: 10.3390/radiation4010001.
</p>
</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Abstract</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><section class="gmail-html-abstract" id="gmail-html-abstract"><section id="gmail-Abstract" type=""><h2 style="font-family: Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </h2><div class="gmail-html-p">Cetaceans
are cast to shore for a large number of reasons, although sometimes it
is not clear why. This paper reviews the types and causes of cetacean
strandings, focusing on mass strandings that lack a direct scientific
explanation. Failure of cetacean orientation due to radiofrequency
radiation and alterations in the Earth’s magnetic field produced during
solar storms stand out among the proposed causes. This paper proposes
the possibility that anthropogenic radiofrequency radiation from
military and meteorological radars may also cause these strandings in
areas where powerful radars exist. A search of accessible databases of
military and meteorological radars in the world was carried out.
Research articles on mass live strandings of cetaceans were reviewed to
find temporal or spatial patterns in the stranding concentrations along
the coast. The data showed certain patterns of spatial and temporal
evidence in the stranding concentrations along the coast after radar
setup and provided a detailed description of how radars may interfere
with cetacean echolocation from a physiological standpoint. Plausible
mechanisms, such as interference with echolocation systems or pulse
communication systems, are proposed. This work is theoretical, but it
leads to a hypothesis that could be empirically tested. Further in-depth
studies should be carried out to confirm or reject the proposed
hypothesis.</div></section>
</section>
</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">
<div class="gmail_default"></div><div class="gmail_default">Simple Summary<section class="gmail-html-abstract" id="gmail-html-abstract"><section id="gmail-SimpleSummary" type=""><div class="gmail-html-p"><br /></div><div class="gmail-html-p">The
number of mass stranding events is dramatically increasing in recent
decades affecting cetacean diversity and conservation. They consist in
the accumulation of cetacean carcasses or live animals along the coast
following certain temporal and spatial patterns. Although some cases can
be explained based on a combination of physical or biological natural
factors, direct human intervention is contributing to many of them.
However, there are still many cases with unknown causes that demand to
increase the efforts to describe possible new threats to cetacean
species. In this context, we evaluate the potential effect of
anthropogenic radiofrequency radiation (i.e., from meteorological and
military radars) that has had a great expansion in the last years and is
known to alter the magnetic receptor organs in several groups of
animals. The aim of this work, was to conduct a bibliographic review
reporting mass stranding events together with a search of radars in the
vicinity areas. The results obtained suggest that anthropogenic
radiofrequency radiation may be considered as a novel factor to
understand some stranding events with unknown causes and proposes some
plausible mechanisms of action.</div></section></section></div>
</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-592X/4/1/1">https://www.mdpi.com/2673-592X/4/1/1</a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">--</div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Biological effects of electromagnetic
fields on insects: </span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">a systematic review and meta-analysis
</span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
Thill A, Cammaerts MC, Balmori A. Biological effects of electromagnetic
fields on insects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Environ
Health. 2023 Nov 23. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0072.
</span></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span><div><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
Worldwide, insects are declining at an alarming rate. Among other
causes, the use of pesticides and modern agricultural practices play a
major role in this. Cumulative effects of multiple low-dose toxins and
the distribution of toxicants in nature have only started to be
investigated in a methodical way. Existing research indicates another
factor of anthropogenic origin that could have subtle harmful effects:
the increasingly frequent use of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from
man-made technologies. This systematic review summarizes the results of
studies investigating the toxicity of electromagnetic fields in insects.
The main objective of this review is to weigh the evidence regarding
detrimental effects on insects from the increasing technological
infrastructure, with a particular focus on power lines and the cellular
network. The next generation of mobile communication technologies, 5G,
is being deployed - without having been tested in respect of potential
toxic effects. With humanity's quest for pervasiveness of technology,
even modest effects of electromagnetic fields on organisms could
eventually reach a saturation level that can no longer be ignored. An
overview of reported effects and biological mechanisms of exposure to
electromagnetic fields, which addresses new findings in cell biology, is
included. Biological effects of non-thermal EMF on insects are clearly
proven in the laboratory, but only partly in the field, thus the wider
ecological implications are still unknown. There is a need for more
field studies, but extrapolating from the laboratory, as is common
practice in ecotoxicology, already warrants increasing the threat level
of environmental EMF impact on insects.
</span></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Excerpt<br /><br />Looking back at the history of science, it seems that adverse effects have frequently been reported early on, but mostly been ignored – e.g. in the cases of asbestos, lead and cigarettes. It has typically taken decades to understand the mechanisms of toxicity and for the official position to shift. The European Environment Agency EEA has produced several reports on this topic under the title “Late lessons from early warnings” [146, 147].<br /><br />Thirty-six of the fifty-five HF-EMF studies reported in this review used field strengths lower than 6 V/m (∼100 mW/m2), and 31 of these 36 studies (86 %) nevertheless found statistically significant adverse effects, starting at about 2 V/m and peaking around 6 V/m. This is below the regulatory thresholds established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) (41 V/m, or 61 V/m above 2 GHz), and even below the particularly stringent installation limits only found in a handful of countries [94]. (The installation limit is measured where people can stay for long periods of time, i.e. homes, schools, working places and playgrounds for kids.)<br /><br />Panagopoulos et al. detected a bioactive window at a distance of 20–30 cm from GSM mobile phones, where the power density equaled 100 mW/m2 (∼6 V/m), and where toxic effects in Drosophila are already observed after a 1-min exposure. These results have been replicated several times [148], [149], [150]. If this is generally true for insects, the limit for toxic effects would be 100 times below the current ICNIRP limit (10 W/m2 or 61 V/m), which protects only against thermal effects (in humans), and possibly 1,000 times lower than current limits for chronic exposure, i.e. 10 mW/m2 or 2 V/m (all comparisons based on power densities, i.e. energy per surface area units) [94]. A recent study found significant effects on gene transcription and chromosomal abnormalities using a WiFi signal at 4.8 mW/m2 or 1.35 V/m in Drosophila exposed for 9 days [145]. These findings of biological effects in insects starting at around 2 V/m imply that existing standards would have to be revised and made more stringent, to include nature protection/wild-life concerns.<br /><br />Current ambient power densities are generally still below 10 or 100 mW/m2 (i.e. 2 or 6 V/m). A recent study measured values of 0.17–0.53 V/m in the field (0.1–0.8 mW/m2) [101]. Values mainly in the range of 0.5–1 V/m were found around schools in Crete [151]. Nationwide measurements of the National Observatory of electromagnetic fields (NOEF) in Greece found average values higher than 1 V/m in 55 % of sites, and values greater than 2 V/m in 20 % of measurement sites [152]. A recent review lists power densities ranging from 0.23 V/m in Swiss residential areas to 1.85 V/m in an Australian university neighborhood [86]. In urban hot spots (UK), a maximum of 150 mW/m2 (7.5 V/m) and an average of 25 mW/m2 (3.3 V/m) were measured (including WiFi) [153]. The French “Agence nationale des fréquences” (ANFR) found an average of 1.17 V/m at 1,300 5G base stations, and the authors expect a 20 % increase in the next years [154]. In Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Russia and China, the installation limit is 6 V/m (100 mW/m2) for mobile telephony base stations, whereas Germany, the UK, the USA and many other countries adhere to the much higher ICNIRP limits [94, 155]. The ICNIRP limits have recently been questioned, since they are based on findings from more than 20 years ago, and their assumptions have been proven false [156]. Furthermore, the ICNIRP limits are designed to protect humans and have not been tested as to their adequacy in protecting wildlife and insects [157].</span><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Open access paper: <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2023-0072/html">https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2023-0072/html</a></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 705.903px; transform: scaleX(1.01943);">Low-level EMF effects on</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 720.843px; transform: scaleX(1.02248);">wildlife and plants: </span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 720.843px; transform: scaleX(1.02248);">What research tells</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 735.783px; transform: scaleX(1.02359);">us about an ecosystem approach</span>
</span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 690.948px; transform: scaleX(0.994674);">Levitt BB, Lai HC and Manville AM II. </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 705.903px; transform: scaleX(1.01943);">(2022) Low-level EMF effects on</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 720.843px; transform: scaleX(1.02248);">wildlife and plants: What research tells</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 735.783px; transform: scaleX(1.02359);">us about an ecosystem approach.</span> <span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 750.723px; transform: scaleX(1.02435);">Front. Public Health</span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 199.219px; top: 750.723px;"> </span><span dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="left: 202.335px; top: 750.723px; transform: scaleX(1.01144);">10:1000840.</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 94.6497px; top: 765.678px; transform: scaleX(1.03054);">doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1000840</span>.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
There is enough evidence to indicate we may be damaging non-human
species at ecosystem and biosphere levels across all taxa from rising
background levels of anthropogenic non-ionizing electromagnetic fields
(EMF) from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. The focus of this Perspective paper is on
the unique physiology of non-human species, their extraordinary
sensitivity to both natural and anthropogenic EMF, and the likelihood
that artificial EMF in the static, extremely low frequency (ELF) and
radiofrequency (RF) ranges of the non-ionizing electromagnetic spectrum
are capable at very low intensities of adversely affecting both fauna
and flora in all species studied. Any existing exposure standards are
for humans only; wildlife is unprotected, including within the safety
margins of existing guidelines, which are inappropriate for
trans-species sensitivities and different non-human physiology.
Mechanistic, genotoxic, and potential ecosystem effects are discussed.
</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpt<br /><br />Radiofrequency radiation is a form of energetic air pollution and should be regulated as such (25). U.S. law (130) [42 USC § 7602 (g)] defines air pollution as:<br /><br />“The term “air pollutant” means any air pollution agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive (including source material, special nuclear material, and byproduct material) substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air. Such term includes any precursors to the formation of any air pollutant, to the extent the Administrator has identified such precursor or precursors for the particular purpose for which the term “air pollutant” is used.”<br /><br />Unlike classic chemical toxicology pollutants in which a culprit can typically be identified and quantified, RFR may function as a “process” pollutant in the air not unlike how endocrine disruptors function in food and water in which the stressor causes a cascade of unpredictable systemic effects. The stimulus in the RFR analogy would be physical/energetic rather than chemical.<br /><br />Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure guidelines, which do not now exist, should be set accordingly for wildlife; mitigation techniques where possible should be developed; full environmental reviews should be conducted prior to the licensing/buildout of major new technologies like 5G; and environmental laws/regulations should be strictly enforced (25). We have a long over-due obligation to consider potential consequences to other species from our current unchecked technophoria—an obligation we have thus far not considered before species go extinct. In the views of these authors, the evidence requiring action is clear.<br /><br />Open access paper: <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1000840">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1000840</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Sep 26, 2021</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">The Effects of Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Fields on Flora and Fauna </b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">(Levitt, Lai, and Manville)</b> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The journal</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>, <b>Reviews on Environmental Health</b>, </i>just published the final part of a three-part monograph that examines the effects
<span style="font-family: arial;">of non-ionizing
electromagnetic fields (EMF), including wireless radiation from cell
towers and EMF from power lines, on flora and fauna. This 150-page tome
(plus supplements) written by B. Blake Levitt, Henry Lai, and Albert
Manville cites more than 1,200 references.</span></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;">B. Blake Levitt, an award-winning journalist/author and former contributor to the <i>New York Times</i>, has specialized in
medical and science writing for over three decades. Since the late 1970's, she has researched the
biological effects of nonionizing radiation. Henry Lai is a scientist and bioengineering</span> Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington and former Editor-in-Chief of <i>Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine</i>.
Dr. Lai is best known for his research published in 1995 which
concluded that low-level microwave radiation caused DNA damage in rat
brains. Albert Manville is a retired branch manager and senior wildlife
biologist in the
Division of Migratory Bird Management
at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Dr. Manville has served as an adjunct professor and lecturer for more than two decades at Johns Hopkins University where he
has taught field classes in ecology, conservation biology, and wildlife
management.<b><br /></b></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The abstracts and excerpts from this three-part monograph appear below. <b><br /></b></span></div></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b style="text-align: left;">Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, part 1. </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b style="text-align: left;">Rising ambient EMF levels in the environment</b><div style="text-align: left;"><div> <br />B.
Blake Levitt, Henry C. Lai, Albert M. Manville. Effects of non-ionizing
electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, part 1. Rising ambient EMF
levels in the environment. Rev Environ Health. 2021 May 27. doi:
10.1515/reveh-2021-0026.<br /><br /><div>Abstract<br /><br />Ambient
levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) have risen sharply in the last
80 years, creating a novel energetic exposure that previously did not
exist. Most recent decades have seen exponential increases in nearly all
environments, including rural/remote areas and lower atmospheric
regions. Because of unique physiologies, some species of flora and fauna
are sensitive to exogenous EMF in ways that may surpass human
reactivity. There is limited, but comprehensive, baseline data in the
U.S. from the 1980s against which to compare significant new surveys
from different countries. This now provides broader and more precise
data on potential transient and chronic exposures to wildlife and
habitats. Biological effects have been seen broadly across all taxa and
frequencies at vanishingly low intensities comparable to today’s ambient
exposures. Broad wildlife effects have been seen on orientation and
migration, food finding, reproduction, mating, nest and den building,
territorial maintenance and defense, and longevity and survivorship.
Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have been observed. The above issues are
explored in three consecutive parts: Part 1 questions today’s ambient
EMF capabilities to adversely affect wildlife, with more urgency
regarding 5G technologies. Part 2 explores natural and man-made fields,
animal magnetoreception mechanisms, and pertinent studies to all
wildlife kingdoms. Part 3 examines current exposure standards,
applicable laws, and future directions. It is time to recognize ambient
EMF as a novel form of pollution and develop rules at regulatory
agencies that designate air as ‘habitat’ so EMF can be regulated like
other pollutants. Wildlife loss is often unseen and undocumented until
tipping points are reached. Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure
standards, which do not now exist, should be set accordingly for
wildlife, and environmental laws should be strictly enforced.<br /><br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34047144/&source=gmail&ust=1622840993386000&usg=AFQjCNEljh-sVNVtd6HvcItxQVLEjhmfMQ" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34047144/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/34047144/</a></div></div><div><br /></div>Conclusion<br /><br />Ambient
background levels of EMF have risen sharply in the last four decades,
creating a novel energetic exposure that previously did not exist at the
Earth’s surface, lower atmospheric levels, or underwater environments.
Recent decades have seen exponential increases in nearly all
environments, including remote regions. There is comprehensive but
outdated baseline data from the 1980s against which to compare
significant new surveys from other countries which found increasing RFR
levels in urban, suburban and remote areas, primarily from cell
infrastructure/phone/WiFi exposures. One indicative comparison of
similar sites between 1980 and today found a 70-fold (7,000%) increase
in ambient RFR [149]. The increased infrastructure required for 5G
networks will widely infuse the environment with new atypical exposures,
as are increasing satellite systems communicating with ground-based
civilian networks. The new information provides broader perspective with
more precise data on both potential transient and chronic exposures to
wildlife and habitats. Biological effects have been seen broadly across
all taxa at vanishingly low intensities comparable to today’s ambient
exposures as examined in Part 2. The major question presented in Part 1
was whether increasing anthropogenic environmental EMF can cause
biological effects in wildlife that may become more urgent with 5G
technologies, in addition to concerns over potentially more lenient
allowances being considered by major standards-setting committees at FCC
and ICNIRP (examined in Part 3). There are unique signaling
characteristics inherent to 5G transmission as currently designed of
particular concern to non-human species. Background levels continue to
rise but no one is studying cumulative effects to nonhuman species.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">379 references.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, </b><b>Part 2 impacts: </b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>how species interact with natural and man-made EMF</b></div><br />B Blake Levitt, Henry C Lai, Albert M Manville.
Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna,
Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF.
Rev Environ Health. 2021 Jul 8. doi:10.1515/reveh-2021-0050. <br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Ambient levels of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) have risen sharply in the last five decades to become a ubiquitous, continuous, biologically active environmental pollutant, even in rural and remote areas. Many species of flora and fauna, because of unique physiologies and habitats, are sensitive to exogenous EMF in ways that surpass human reactivity. This can lead to complex endogenous reactions that are highly variable, largely unseen, and a possible contributing factor in species extinctions, sometimes localized. Non-human magnetoreception mechanisms are explored. Numerous studies across all frequencies and taxa indicate that current low-level anthropogenic EMF can have myriad adverse and synergistic effects, including on orientation and migration, food finding, reproduction, mating, nest and den building, territorial maintenance and defense, and on vitality, longevity and survivorship itself. Effects have been observed in mammals such as bats, cervids, cetaceans, and pinnipeds among others, and on birds, insects, amphibians, reptiles, microbes and many species of flora. Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed in laboratory research on animal models that can be extrapolated to wildlife. Unusual multi-system mechanisms can come into play with non-human species - including in aquatic environments - that rely on the Earth's natural geomagnetic fields for critical life-sustaining information. Part 2 of this 3-part series includes four online supplement tables of effects seen in animals from both ELF and RFR at vanishingly low intensities. Taken as a whole, this indicates enough information to raise concerns about ambient exposures to nonionizing radiation at ecosystem levels. Wildlife loss is often unseen and undocumented until tipping points are reached. It is time to recognize ambient EMF as a novel form of pollution and develop rules at regulatory agencies that designate air as 'habitat' so EMF can be regulated like other pollutants. Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure standards, which do not now exist, should be set accordingly for wildlife, and environmental laws should be strictly enforced - a subject explored in Part 3.<br clear="all" /><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34243228/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34243228/</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Conclusion</div><div><section id="j_reveh-2021-0050_s_019_w2aab3b7b2b1b6b1ab1c18Aa"><p>Effects
from both natural and man-made EMF over a wide range of frequencies,
intensities, wave forms, and signaling characteristics have been
observed in all species of animals and plants investigated. The database
is now voluminous with <em>in vitro, in vivo,</em> and field studies
from which to extrapolate. The majority of studies have found biological
effects at both high and low-intensity man-made exposures, many with
implications for wildlife health and viability. It is clear that ambient
environmental levels are biologically active in all non-human species
which can have unique physiological mechanisms that require natural
geomagnetic information for their life’s most important activities.
Sensitive magnetoreception allows living organisms, including plants, to
detect small variations in environmental EMF and react immediately as
well as over the long term, but it can also make some organisms
exquisitely vulnerable to man-made fields. Anthropogenic EMF may be
contributing more than we currently realize to species’ diminishment and
extinction. Exposures continue to escalate without understanding EMF as
a potential causative and/or co-factorial agent. It is time to
recognize ambient EMF as a potential novel stressor to other species,
design technology to reduce exposures to as low as reasonably
achievable, keep systems wired as much as possible to reduce ambient
RFR, and create laws accordingly — a subject explored more thoroughly in
Part 3.</p></section></div><div><br /></div><div><div>675 references.</div><div><br /></div></div><div>--</div></div></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: left;"><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora
and fauna, Part 3. </b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Exposure standards, public policy, laws, and future
directions</b>
</div><div><br /></div><div>
B. Blake Levitt, Henry C. Lai, Albert M. Manville. Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 3. Exposure standards, public policy, laws, and future directions<i>. </i>Rev Environ Health<i>.</i> 2021 Sep 27. doi:
10.1515/reveh-2021-0083.</div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;">Due to the continuous rising ambient levels of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMFs) used in modern societies—primarily from wireless technologies—that have now become a ubiquitous biologically active environmental pollutant, a new vision on how to regulate such exposures for non-human species at the ecosystem level is needed. Government standards adopted for human exposures are examined for applicability to wildlife. Existing environmental laws, such as the National Environmental Policy Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the U.S. and others used in Canada and throughout Europe, should be strengthened and enforced. New laws should be written to accommodate the ever-increasing EMF exposures. Radiofrequency radiation exposure standards that have been adopted by worldwide agencies and governments warrant more stringent controls given the new and unusual signaling characteristics used in 5G technology. No such standards take wildlife into consideration. Many species of flora and fauna, because of distinctive physiologies, have been found sensitive to exogenous EMF in ways that surpass human reactivity. Such exposures may now be capable of affecting endogenous bioelectric states in some species. Numerous studies across all frequencies and taxa indicate that low-level EMF exposures have numerous adverse effects, including on orientation, migration, food finding, reproduction, mating, nest and den building, territorial maintenance, defense, vitality, longevity, and survivorship. Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed. It is time to recognize ambient EMF as a novel form of pollution and develop rules at regulatory agencies that designate air as ‘habitat’ so EMF can be regulated like other pollutants. Wildlife loss is often unseen and undocumented until tipping points are reached. A robust dialog regarding technology’s high-impact role in the nascent field of electroecology needs to commence. Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure standards should be set accordingly for wildlife, including, but not limited to, the redesign of wireless devices, as well as infrastructure, in order to reduce the rising ambient levels (explored in Part 1). Possible environmental approaches are discussed. This is Part 3 of a three-part series.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;">Excerpts<br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"></span>Introduction<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"></span><section id="gmail-j_reveh-2021-0083_s_001_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1aAa"><p>This is Part 3 and concludes a three-part series on electromagnetic field (EMF) effects to wildlife.</p><p><strong>Part 1</strong>
focused on measurements of rising background levels in urban, suburban,
rural, and deep forested areas as well as from satellites. Discussed
were different physics models used to determine safety and their
appropriateness to current exposures. The unusual signaling
characteristics and unique potential biological effects from 5G were
explored. The online edition of Part 1 contains a Supplement Table of
measured global ambient levels.</p><p><strong>Part 2</strong> is an
in-depth review of species extinctions, exceptional non-human
magnetoreception capabilities, and other species’ known reactions to
anthropogenic EMF exposures as studied in laboratories and in the field.
All animal kingdoms are included and clear vulnerabilities are seen.
Part 2 contains four Supplement Tables of extensive low-level studies
across all taxa, including ELF/RFR genotoxic effects.</p><p><strong>Part 3</strong>
discusses current exposure standards, existing federal, and
international laws that should be enforced but often are not, and
concludes with a detailed discussion of aeroecology—the concept of
defining air as habitat that would serve to protect many, though not
all, vulnerable species today.</p><p>
</p><section id="gmail-j_reveh-2021-0083_s_008_s_001_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b7b9Aa"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Some solutions</span></div><p>Existing
environmental laws in the U.S., Canada, and throughout Europe should be
enforced. For example, in the U.S., NEPA and its EISs should be
required each time a new broadly polluting EMF technology like 5G is
introduced, not as the current policy is being interpreted through
“CatEx” or simple dismissal. EISs should be required for all new
technologies that create pervasive ambient EMF such as ‘smart’
grid/metering, Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS), small cell networks,
and the 5G “Internet of Things.” Where wildlife species are affected,
systems and networks that currently meet radiation levels for CatEx (and
are therefore exempt from review) should be required to
develop/implement NEPA and EIS reviews for cumulative exposures to
wildlife from multi-transmission sources.</p><p>Efforts should begin to
develop acceptable exposure and emissions standards for wildlife, which
today do not exist. Setting actual exposure standards for wildlife will
be an enormous challenge, and for some species there may be no safe
thresholds, especially with 5G and MMW. We may simply need to back away
from many wireless technologies altogether, especially the densification
of infrastructure, and refocus on developing better dedicated wired
systems in urban, suburban and rural areas. Environmentally sensitive
wilderness areas should be considered off limits for wireless
infrastructure. Once air is seen as ‘habitat,’ there may come a time
when a cell phone call voluntarily <em>not made</em> will be understood
as removing something detrimental from air’s waste-stream, the way we
now see plastic bags regarding terrestrial/aquatic pollution.</p><p>There
are some reasonably simple things that can be done in the ELF ranges
that would benefit insect, bird, and many wild mammal and ruminant
species. For example, high-tension electric utility corridors can be
built or changed to cancel magnetic fields with different wiring
configurations. This is already widely done in the industry for other
reasons but it also coincidentally eliminates at the source at least the
magnetic field component for wildlife. There are other approaches too
but further discussion is beyond the scope of this paper.</p><p>Research
into the long-term, low-level ambient exposures to humans and wildlife
is imperative given the picture that is emerging. There is a likelihood
that low-level ambient EMF is a factor, or co-factor, in some of the
adverse environmental effects we witness today—many previously discussed
in this series of papers. There is currently no research in any
industrialized country that looks to the broader implications to all
flora and fauna from these rising background levels, even as effects to
individual species are observed. This is an important, emerging
environmental issue that must be addressed.</p></section>
</section>
</div><div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"></span></span>Conclusions<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="Montserrat, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c;"></span></span><section id="gmail-j_reveh-2021-0083_s_009_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b8Aa"><p>In
this broad three-part review, we sought to clarify if rising ambient
levels of EMF were within the range of effects observed in <em>in vitro, in vivo</em>,
and field studies in all animal phyla thus far investigated. We further
discussed mechanisms pertinent to different animal physiology,
behavior, and unique environments. The intention was to determine if
current levels have the ability to impact wildlife species according to
current studies. The amount of papers that find effects at today’s EMF
levels to myriad species is robust. Some unusual patterns did emerge,
including broadly in flora that react beneficially to static EMF but
adversely to AC-ELF and especially to RFR.</p><p>There is a very large
database supporting the hypothesis that effects occur in unpredictable
ways in numerous species in all representative taxa from modern ambient
exposures. Associations are strong enough to warrant caution. New
enlightened public policies are needed, as well as existing laws
enforced, reflecting a broader understanding of non-human species’
interactions with environmental EMF. Emerging areas, such as
aeroecology, help define airspace as habitat and bring better awareness
of challenges faced by aerial species—including animals and plants. But
we are in the nascent stages of understanding the full complexity and
detailed components of electroecology—the larger category of how
technology affects all biology and ecosystems.</p><p>Historically,
control over the realm of nonionizing radiation has been the purview of
the physics and engineering communities. It is time that the more
appropriate branches of biological science, specializing in living
systems, stepped up to fill in larger perspectives and more accurate
knowledge. We need to task our technology sector engineers to create
safer products and networks with an emphasis on wired systems, and to
keep all EMF exposures as low as reasonably achievable.</p><p></p></section><section class="gmail-authorNotes"><div class="gmail-correspondingAuthor">Corresponding author:<strong> </strong>B. Blake Levitt,<span class="gmail-addr-line"> P.O. Box 2014</span>, <span class="gmail-city">New Preston</span>, <span class="gmail-state">CT </span><span class="gmail-addr-line">06777</span>, <span class="gmail-country">USA</span>, E-mail: <span class="email">blakelevit@cs.com</span></div><div class="gmail-correspondingAuthor"><span class="email"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-correspondingAuthor"><span class="email">
Keywords: </span>aeroecology; electroecology; International Council on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP); Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA); National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMFs); radiofrequency radiation (RFR); rising ambient levels; U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)</div><div class="gmail-correspondingAuthor"><br /></div><div class="gmail-correspondingAuthor">162 references.</div></section></div><div><a href="goog_735404713"><br /></a></div><div><b><a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0083" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-<wbr></wbr>2021-0083</a></b></div></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>==</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Electromagnetic radiation as an emerging driver factor for the decline of insects</b></div><br />Alfonso Balmori. Electromagnetic radiation as an emerging driver factor for the decline of insects. Sci Total Environ. Available online 28 January 2021, 144913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.</div></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><div><br />Highlights<br /><br />• Biodiversity of insects is threatened worldwide<br />• This reductions is mainly attributed to agricultural practice and pesticide use<br />• There is sufficient evidence on the damage caused by electromagnetic radiation<br />• Electromagnetic radiation may be a complementary driver in this decline<br />• The precautionary principle should be applied before any new deployment (e.g. 5G)<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br /><div>The biodiversity of insects is threatened worldwide. Numerous studies have reported the serious decline in insects that has occurred in recent decades. The same is happening with the important group of pollinators, with an essential utility for pollination of crops. Loss of insect diversity and abundance is expected to provoke cascading effects on food webs and ecosystem services. Many authors point out that reductions in insect abundance must be attributed mainly to agricultural practices and pesticide use. On the other hand, evidence for the effects of non-thermal microwave radiation on insects has been known for at least 50 years. The review carried out in this study shows that electromagnetic radiation should be considered seriously as a complementary driver for the dramatic decline in insects, acting in synergy with agricultural intensification, pesticides, invasive species and climate change. The extent that anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation represents a significant threat to insect pollinators is unresolved and plausible. For these reasons, and taking into account the benefits they provide to nature and humankind, the precautionary principle should be applied before any new deployment (such 5G) is considered.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720384461" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720384461</a></div><div><br /></div><div>--</div></div></span></span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGyXJt6R1u75kItR2qn1fd2Qn_qJHNdc7B6e4JXxtWYrgZn1z0O1-GVzsnOFNFLN4kZWQagDS5IIUWfSgcC7Vc3N1I8tnNwfbxge8ntYTey4rdBWDPwwGdt1fcYlaKs3qSDvSxDWu1MMg/s990/EMF+review+paper+invertebrates+pollinators+Friesen+Havas+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="990" height="445" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGyXJt6R1u75kItR2qn1fd2Qn_qJHNdc7B6e4JXxtWYrgZn1z0O1-GVzsnOFNFLN4kZWQagDS5IIUWfSgcC7Vc3N1I8tnNwfbxge8ntYTey4rdBWDPwwGdt1fcYlaKs3qSDvSxDWu1MMg/w640-h445/EMF+review+paper+invertebrates+pollinators+Friesen+Havas+2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b>Effects of Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Pollution on Invertebrates, Including Pollinators Such as Honey Bees: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and What We Need to Know</b></div><div><div><br /></div><div>
Friesen M, Havas M. 2020. Effects of Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Pollution on Invertebrates, Including Pollinators Such as Honey Bees: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and What We Need to Know.” Pages 127-138 In Working Landscapes. Proceedings of the 12th Prairie Conservation and Endangered Species Conference, February 2019, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Edited by D. Danyluk. Critical Wildlife Habitat Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba. http://pcesc.ca/media/45404/final-2019-pcesc-proceedings.pdf.
</div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract</div><div><br /></div><div>Invertebrates, including pollinators such as honey bees, can be adversely affected by non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Sources contributing to common environmental EMR exposures include antennae (cell phone, broadcast, and radar), communications satellites, and power lines. Adverse biochemical changes and disorientation have been reported for honey bees and other invertebrates. Field studies have reported changes in abundance and composition of “key pollinator groups” (wild bees, hoverflies, bee flies, beetles, and wasps) that have been attributed to emissions from telecommunications towers. We take a close look at the biological effects on invertebrates of EMR reported in the scientific literature and a general look at evidence from studies on plants, birds, humans, and other animals (domestic, laboratory, wild). We discuss possible implications of excessive electromagnetic pollution on ecosystems and identify knowledge gaps and what we need to know before more electromagnetic pollution is added to the environment, especially in the form of 5G.</div><div><br /></div><div>Introduction</div><div><br /></div>Invertebrates (animals without backbones) are major components of most ecosystems. Insects are key to the integrity of many ecosystems in many roles including as pollinators. Honey bees play a role in pollination of domestic as well as wild plants and are often used as bio-indicator species and as a “model” to examine environmental problems. The global decline of pollinators is of grave concern and efforts are being made to identify the reasons (Potts et al. 2010; Sánchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys 2019). One factor not widely considered is the possible role of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation (EMR).</div><div><br />Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are invisible electric and magnetic fields of force. All living organisms have evolved in Earth’s natural EMFs and depend on them to live. Natural sources include Earth’s static magnetic field, and static electricity, including differences in charges among clouds and the earth that can lead to lightning. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) originates when fields change.</div><div><br /><div>Anthropogenic (human-made, artificial) EMR sources are sometimes referred to as electromagnetic pollution or electrosmog. The main frequency ranges of interest in this article are: 1) extremely low frequencies (ELF) of 50/60 to 90 Hz that emanate from sources such as power lines and building wiring; and 2) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) of 700 MHz to 6 GHz, commonly used for devices such as cell phones, radio and television, and their supporting infrastructure, e.g., cell towers, antennae on buildings, and orbiting communications satellites. Also discussed are frequencies currently being developed and deployed above 6 GHz for 5G (5th Generation) for faster and more pervasive connectivity, including the “Internet of Things”. <br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Open access paper: <a href="http://pcesc.ca/media/45404/final-2019-pcesc-proceedings.pdf" target="_blank">http://pcesc.ca/media/45404/final-2019-pcesc-proceedings.pdf</a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>--</div></div></span>
<br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Risk to pollinators from anthropogenic electro-magnetic radiation: Evidence and knowledge gaps</b></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Vanbergen AJ, Potts SG, Vian A, Malkemper EP, Young J, Tscheulin T.
Risk to pollinators from anthropogenic electro-magnetic radiation (EMR): Evidence and knowledge gaps.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Aug 7;695:133833. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.<wbr></wbr>133833.
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Highlights</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />• Anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation (light, radiofrequency) is perceived to threaten pollinators and biodiversity.<br />• Potential risks are artificial light at night (ALAN) and anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (AREMR).<br />• We assessed the quantity and quality of evidence, and the level of consensus, to distil key messages for science and policy.<br />• ALAN can alter pollinator communities and functions, although this remains to be well established.<br />• Evidence of AREMR impacts is inconclusive due to a lack of high quality, field-realistic studies.<br />• Whether pollinators and pollination face a threat from the spread of ALAN or AREMR remains a major knowledge gap.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract<br /><br />Worldwide urbanisation and use of mobile and wireless technologies (5G, Internet of Things) is leading to the proliferation of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and campaigning voices continue to call for the risk to human health and wildlife to be recognised. Pollinators provide many benefits to nature and humankind, but face multiple anthropogenic threats. Here, we assess whether artificial light at night (ALAN) and anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (AREMR), such as used in wireless technologies (4G, 5G) or emitted from power lines, represent an additional and growing threat to pollinators. A lack of high quality scientific studies means that knowledge of the risk to pollinators from anthropogenic EMR is either inconclusive, unresolved, or only partly established. A handful of studies provide evidence that ALAN can alter pollinator communities, pollination and fruit set. Laboratory experiments provide some, albeit variable, evidence that the honey bee Apis mellifera and other invertebrates can detect EMR, potentially using it for orientation or navigation, but they do not provide evidence that AREMR affects insect behaviour in ecosystems. Scientifically robust evidence of AREMR impacts on abundance or diversity of pollinators (or other invertebrates) are limited to a single study reporting positive and negative effects depending on the pollinator group and geographical location. Therefore, whether anthropogenic EMR (ALAN or AREMR) poses a significant threat to insect pollinators and the benefits they provide to ecosystems and humanity remains to be established.</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719337805?via%3Dihub" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719337805?via%3Dihub</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Oct 31, 2018</b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b>EKLIPSE Project: Electromagnetic fields threaten wildlife</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Implications for 5G deployment</span></b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">A new report found that
electromagnetic fields emitted by power lines, Wi-Fi, broadcast and cell towers
pose a “credible” threat to wildlife, and that 5G (fifth generation cellular
technology) could cause greater harm.</span><br />
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The analysis of 97 peer-reviewed studies
by the <a href="http://www.eklipse-mechanism.eu/" target="_blank"><b>EKLIPSE project</b> </a>concluded
that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is a potential risk to insect and bird
orientation and to plant health. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The report concluded that: </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">EMR represents a potential risk to the orientation or movement of
invertebrates and may affect insect behavior and reproduction; </span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">bird orientation can be disrupted by weak magnetic fields
in the radiofrequency range, and the same may be true for other vertebrates
including mammals; and</span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">EMR exposure may affect plant metabolism due to production of reactive oxygen species often resulting in
reduced plant growth.</span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Moreover, there is “an urgent need to strengthen the
scientific basis of the knowledge on EMR and their potential impacts on
wildlife.”</span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The review was conducted by a
multidisciplinary, expert steering group composed of four biologists/ecologists
who specialized in different taxonomic groups, and two physicists who study electromagnetic
fields. This technical report represents the first step in an analysis of currently
available knowledge and future research needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The reviewers pointed out the need for more high quality research. They rated the quality of 82 studies--56 had good
to excellent biologic or ecologic quality, and 39 had good to excellent
technical quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.eklipse-mechanism.eu/" target="_blank">EKLIPSE</a> (Establishing a European Knowledge and Learning Mechanism to Improve the Policy-Science-Society Interface on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) </span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"">is funded by the European Union to answer
requests from policy makers and other societal actors on biodiversity-related
issues.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For more information about the EKLIPSE
conference held January 22-25, 2018, including slides and video, see: <a href="http://www.eklipse-mechanism.eu/emr_conference" target="_blank">http://www.eklipse-mechanism.eu/emr_conference</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>References</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Malkemper EP, Tscheulin T,
VanBergen AJ, Vian A, Balian E, Goudeseune L (2018). The impacts of artificial
Electromagnetic Radiation on wildlife (flora and fauna). Current knowledge
overview: a background document to the web conference. A report of the EKLIPSE
project. <a href="http://bit.ly/Eklipseoverview" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/Eklipseoverview</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Goudeseune L, Balian E, Ventocilla
J (2018). The impacts of artificial Electromagnetic Radiation on wildlife
(flora and fauna). Report of the web conference. A report of the EKLIPSE
project. <a href="http://bit.ly/EKLIPSEconfreport" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/EKLIPSEconfreport</a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Also see:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background: white; line-height: 18.4px;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/03/dept-of-interior-attacks-fcc-regarding.html" target="_blank">Cell Tower Radiation Affects Wildlife: Dept. of Interior Attacks FCC</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/06/international-scientist-appeal-on.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background: white; line-height: 18.4px;">International EMF Scientist Appeal</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="background: white; line-height: 18.4px;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/09/5G-moratorium12.html" target="_blank">Scientists and Doctors Demand Moratorium on 5G</a></span></b><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
--</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">The EKLIPSE review was conducted at the request of </span><u><span style="color: blue;"><b>Buglife</b></span></u><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">, the only European organization devoted to the conservation of invertebrates. Invertebrates are vitally important to humans and other life forms which could not survive without them; yet, thousands of species are declining, and many are heading towards extinction. </span><br />
<br />
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">According to a news story in <i>The Telegraph</i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“… the charity <a href="https://www.buglife.org.uk/" target="_blank">Buglife </a>warned that despite good evidence of the harms there was little research ongoing to assess the impact, or apply pollution limits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The charity said ‘serious impacts on the environment could not be ruled out’ and called for 5G transmitters to be placed away from street lights, which attract insects, or areas where they could harm wildlife.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Matt Shardlow, CEO of Buglife said: ‘We apply limits to all types of pollution to protect the habitability of our environment, but as yet, even in Europe, the safe limits of electromagnetic radiation have not been determined, let alone applied.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is a credible risk that 5G could impact significantly on wildlife, and that placing transmitters on LED street lamps, which attract nocturnal insects such as moths increases exposure and thereby risk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Therefore we call for all 5G pilots to include detailed studies of their influence and impacts on wildlife, and for the results of those studies to be made public.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Buglife called for 5G transmitters to be moved away from street lights where insects are drawn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As of March, 237 scientists have signed an <b><a href="https://emfscientist.org/" target="_blank">appeal to the United Nations</a> </b>asking them to take the risks posed by electromagnetic radiation more seriously.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">(Knapton S. </span><a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/05/17/electromagnetic-radiation-power-lines-phone-masts-poses-credible/" target="_blank">Electromagnetic radiation from power lines and phone masts poses 'credible' threat to wildlife, report finds</a><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">. <i>The Telegraph</i>, May 18, 2018)</span></span></div>
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<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><b>Additional Resources (Updated August 14, 2021)</b></span></h3>
<div><span class="gmail-text" style="font-family: arial;"><span color="windowtext">Aikaterina L, Stefi</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> AL, </span><span class="gmail-text" style="font-family: arial;"><span color="windowtext">Vassilacopoulou D, </span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="baut0015" style="font-family: arial;"></a><span class="gmail-text" style="font-family: arial;"><span color="windowtext">Margaritis</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> LH, </span><span class="gmail-text" style="font-family: arial;"><span color="windowtext">Christodoulakis</span></span><span class="gmail-text" style="font-family: arial;"> NS. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Oxidative
stress and an animal neurotransmitter synthesizing enzyme in the leaves of wild
growing myrtle after exposure to GSM radiation. Flora. 243:67-76. June 2018. </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2018.04.006" style="color: blue; font-family: arial;" target="_blank" title="Persistent link using digital object identifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2018.04.006</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="color: black; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Dovey D. <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/migratory-birds-bee-navigation-5g-technology-electromagnetic-radiation-934830" target="_blank"><b>Radiation from cell phones, Wi-Fi are hurting the birds and the bees; 5G may make it worse</b>.</a> <i style="font-weight: 400;">Newsweek</i>. May 19, 2018.</span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Granger J,
Walkowicz L, Fitak R, Johnsen S. Gray whales strand more often on days with
increased levels of atmospheric radio-frequency noise. Curr Biol. 2020 Feb
24;30(4):R155-R156. </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32097638&source=gmail&ust=1584400062947000&usg=AFQjCNFrEHYTcbrCrgto-LFdPQ78g7JOew" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32097638" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/32097638</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div style="color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div style="color: black; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div dir="ltr">Lupi D, Mesiano MP, Adani A, Benocci R, Giacchini R, Parenti P, Zambon G, Lavazza A, Boniotti MB, Bassi S, Colombo M, Tremolada P.
2021. Combined Effects of Pesticides and Electromagnetic-Fields on
Honeybees: Multi-Stress Exposure<em>. Insects</em>. 12(8):716. doi: 10.3390/insects12080716. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/8/716">https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/8/716</a></div></span></span></div><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Nyqvist D, Durif C, Johnsen MG, De Jong K, Forland TN, Sivle LD.
Electric and magnetic senses in marine animals, and potential behavioral effects of electromagnetic surveys.
Mar Environ Res. 2020 Mar;155:104888. <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32072990&source=gmail&ust=1584400062947000&usg=AFQjCNFBebrHukLqsBr_bH2iqkVIC6160w" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32072990" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/32072990</a></span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="line-height: 115%;">Panagopoulos DJ, Balmori A, Chrousos GP. On the biophysical mechanism of
sensing upcoming earthquakes by animals. Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jan
29;717:136989. </span></span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32070887" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/32070887</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Russell, C. Wireless Silent Spring. Santa Clara County Medical Association Bulletin. Oct 2018. <a href="http://www.sccma-mcms.org/Portals/19/SilentSpringAticle_color_pr2.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.sccma-mcms.org/Portals/19/SilentSpringAticle_color_pr2.pdf</a></span></div>
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</div>
Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-1793948898411253832023-12-26T12:00:00.000-08:002023-12-30T12:19:04.626-08:005G Wireless Technology: Cutting Through the Hype<div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b>See the bottom of this page for links to recent news stories about 5G hype.</b></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvWYkeRGUCpMrz3L0GM4UsagLkwzFK5Jqnz5lGwThT87YqGikJfWdNNeodcmO_WAz71rf2t2Br8W5SMinR31wWsBTMz6LzRvmzdD8NiO4SRUbQYFGr_e6Q2M7qoI-p5Phhn3143MrqwW4/s546/5G+hype3.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="285" data-original-width="546" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvWYkeRGUCpMrz3L0GM4UsagLkwzFK5Jqnz5lGwThT87YqGikJfWdNNeodcmO_WAz71rf2t2Br8W5SMinR31wWsBTMz6LzRvmzdD8NiO4SRUbQYFGr_e6Q2M7qoI-p5Phhn3143MrqwW4/w200-h104/5G+hype3.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">The CTIA, the wireless industry trade association, has launched an advertising campaign entitled, "<i><b><a href="https://api.ctia.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/The-Global-Race-to-5G-Spring-2019-Update.pdf" target="_blank">The Global Race to 5G</a></b></i>." The ads claim that unless the U.S. wins this "global race" to become the first nation to deploy the fifth generation of wireless technology or 5G, we will not reap the economic benefits of this technology. </div></span></div></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The CTIA claims that "compared to today's 4G networks, 5G will be up to 100x faster, support
100x more devices, and provide a 5x faster response time." Moreover, the </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">association asserts that the </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">nation's wireless industry is prepared to invest </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">$275 billion in </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">5G which will yield </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">three million new jobs and $500 billion in economic growth. If we win the global race, the "next-generation of wireless will drive $2.7 trillion of new economic benefits to American families and businesses."</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The CTIA has denied for decades that there are adverse health effects from exposure to wireless radiation. By establishing a <a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/06/an-expose-of-fcc-agency-captured-by.html" target="_blank"><b>revolving door</b></a> between its leadership and the FCC's</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, the CTIA ensures that the federal regulatory agency maintains the inadequate, <b><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/08/part-i-why-we-need-stronger-cell-phone.html" target="_blank">obsolete</a> </b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">r</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">adio frequency exposure limits which the FCC adopted in 1996.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The FCC and federal health agencies have been oblivious to the health </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">concerns raised by more than <a href="https://emfscientist.org/" target="_blank"><b>240 scientists from 44 nations</b></a> who have published peer-reviewed research on the biologic or health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">More than 400 scientists and medical doctors from over 40 countries signed a </span><u style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><a href="http://www.5gappeal.eu/the-5g-appeal/" target="_blank">declaration</a></b></u><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> demanding a moratorium on the planned increase of cell antennas for 5G deployment in the European Union. Concerns over health effects from higher radiation exposure include potential neurological impacts, infertility, and cancer.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The following excerpts were extracted from a 23-page special report </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">from </span><b><i>RCR Wireless</i></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> that </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">cuts through much of the hype surrounding the deployment of 5G. The excerpts are direct quotes from the report. </span><i>RCR Wireless </i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">is a trade publication that has reported on the wireless industry and wireless technology since 1982.</span></span></div>
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<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Transitioning to a 5G World</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Kelly Hill, <i><b>RCR Wireless</b></i>, Nov 2017<br /><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Excerpts from the Report</b></span><br />
</span><div>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Hype
is certainly high for 5G, given that the industry is still technically
in a pre-standard phase and that standalone 5G systems are still </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">some time off.</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">5G
is coming even faster than originally expected. In December, the first
official specification from the Third Generation Partnership Project
is expected to be released; 5G New Radio will finally make its
standardized debut – although like Long Term Evolution, 5G will continue </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">to evolve and be refined in the coming years.</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>“5G will not replace LTE,”</b>
Rysavy Research concluded in an August report for the GSMA. “In most
deployments,<b> the two technologies will be tightly integrated and
co-exist through at least the late-2020s.”</b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Although
the industry is preparing for 5G, LTE [4G] capabilities will continue to
improve in LTE Advanced Pro through the rest of the decade,” Rysavy
wrote .... 5G will eventually play an important role, but it must be
timed appropriately so that the jump in capability justifies the new
investment.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;">KT, for example, plans to
support two different frequencies from the get-go in its 5G network: 3.5
GHz as an anchor with better propagation, complemented by 28 GHz in
dense areas. Given that networks are expected to initially be 4G/5G
networks, testing will have to continue to support LTE alongside 5G.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Hurtarte
of LitePoint noted that although “millimeter wave” tends to be treated
as one category, there are significant differences between the
components and frequency planning needed at 28 GHz versus 39 GHz. In
addition, although some frequencies are widely agreed upon, there are
other frequencies that may get the nod for 5G use: 24 GHz in China,
possibly 40-43 Ghz and possibly even above 70 GHz.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>There
are some major challenges to the success of 5G, which are all
interrelated: the move to mmwave, the need for ultra-density, and the
question of when the economics of 5G will actually work well enough to
take off.</b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2017/08/5g-wireless-technology-millimeter-wave.html" target="_blank">Mmwave [millimeter wave] </a>provides the huge
bandwidths that are needed for fast speeds and high capacity, but the
higher the frequency, the shorter its range and more susceptible it is
to being easily blocked and reflected (thus the need for beamforming in
order to focus the energy more tightly). Seasonal foliage, energy
efficient glass windows with special coatings, and standard housing
materials all present effective barriers to mmwave reaching indoors to
customer premise equipment, operators and vendors have found in their
field testing.</span></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Denisowski pointed out
that <b>fixed wireless is one thing, but moving objects are another.
Obstruction, not radiating sources of energy, is likely to be the main
cause of interference in 5G systems: vehicles driving back and forth, or
even wind farms can scatter microwave radiation.</b></span><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Density of foliage “plays a big role,”</b>
said Thadasina of Samsung, which has been working with a number of
carriers on 5G trials. “What we found is that for the mmwave signal, as
it penetrated through trees, the thickness of the trees matters.
Initially the impedence offered by foliage is linear, but beyond a
certain density it is no longer linear …<b> it kills the signal.”</b> <b>Building materials are well-known to play a role in transmission from outdoors to indoors</b>,
he added, but the angle of incidence does as well. The difference
between 30 degrees to 60 degrees to 90 degrees can create additional
impedance, Thadasina said, “some of those things make it challenging in
terms of closing the link.” <b>Moisture levels play a role as well</b>, he said
....</span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Fiber is fuel for 5G, and its prevalence is increasing. </b>SNL
Kagan found earlier this year that global fiber residential investment
increased sharply in 2016, and that <b>fiber is on track to reach 1 billion
subscribers by 2021</b>. Meanwhile, in the U.S., Vertical Systems Group
reported that 49.6% of multi-tenant and enterprise buildings had access
to fiber last year, compared to only 10% in 2004.<br /> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Deloitte
said earlier this year that it expects to see $130 billion-$150 billion
in “deep fiber” investment in the U.S. over 5-7 years, due to a
combination of broadband competition, ensuring 5G readiness, and
expanding fiber into new areas.<br /> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Murphy
of Nokia said that <b>operators should expect that, depending on which
frequency they deploy in, they will need 2.5 to 10 times as many sites
as they have now</b>. That’s a tall order, especially given that small
cell sites in cellular frequencies can take 18 to 24 months to get site
approvals – scaling small cells has been hard enough in LTE, with the
market moving much more slowly than analysts had predicted or carriers
would like.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>“It’s going to take a long time,”</b> Einbinder
said. “Constructing a cell tower is hard. A micro-cell has a lot of the
same issues”:<b> power and fiber and access to a site, which a community
may be reluctant to grant – California, for instance, recently
rejected a measure passed at the state level that would have streamlined
processes for small cells.</b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;">...
Einbinder thinks that some communities will take initiative and want to
be 5G economic centers. While that’s encouraging for operators, it may
also mean that <b>5G coverage maps look very different from the familiar
red, blue, yellow and magenta maps indicating nationwide coverage. “The
resulting coverage maps might have a lot more to do with [communities]
than any economic or technological drivers – it’s going to be driven by
local preference.”</b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>While early work
estimated that as many as 40 to 50 homes could be covered by a single
fixed wireless site, according to Rouault of EXFO, that number has
turned out to be around five in testing because of the complexity of
beamforming necessary to support multiple homes.</b> “It’s not at the
point we would say the verdict is out,” Rouault added. “The technology
is proven to work, but to make the business case work, the scale is the
problem right now.”</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">So the biggest question
is where a breakthrough is going to happen that becomes the point at
which 5G becomes a more attractive investment than LTE. “What can 5G do
that other systems can’t? This is where there is no clear answer,” said
Hemant Minocha, EVP for device and IoT at TEOCO. <b>There is no 5G
requirement for IoT [Internet of Things]</b>, he points out, and <b>the business case hasn’t yet
been proven out for ultra-low latency</b> (not to mention that LTE is
capable of lower latency than it has achieved to this point in
networks).</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></b></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Key Takeaways:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">•
The industry is moving quickly toward 5G, with momentum in testing and
trials. The first official 5G specification from 3GPP is expected in
December, with a protocol-focused release coming in the spring of 2018.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">•
Many features and architectures in LTE, particularly gigabit LTE, will
both underpin future 5G networks and provide lessons learned in making
5G systems work. These include dense fiber deployment, higher-order and
massive MIMO, network slicing, virtualization, and mobile edge
computing.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;">• The biggest challenge for 5G lies
in a millimeter-wave based RAN, with significant challenges ahead for
designing and deploying a workable, optimized and profitable mmwave
network on a large scale.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The <b><i>RCR Wireless</i></b> report, "Transitioning to a 5G World," can be downloaded at<b> </b></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://exfoprodstorage.blob.core.windows.net/media/6431/report_rcrwireless_5g-optimization_nov-2017.pdf" target="_blank">https://exfoprodstorage.blob.core.windows.net/media/6431/report_rcrwireless_5g-optimization_nov-2017.pdf</a></b></span><span style="font-family: arial;">.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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Consumer hype is over, and carriers worried, says report</a><br />Ben Lovejoy, 9 to 5 Mac, Nov 23, 2022</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><h3></h3><h3><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.techdirt.com/2022/11/01/5g-hype-simply-didnt-deliver/" target="_blank">5G Hype Simply Didn’t Deliver</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Karl Bode, TechDirt, Nov 1, 2022</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div></h3><h3><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/09/att-wont-upgrade-older-phones-for-new-5g-bands/" style="font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;">AT&T can’t upgrade most 5G phones to new bands, regrets the error</span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kevin Purdy, ArsTechnica, Sep 14, 2022</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><div class="gE iv gt"><a href=" https://spectrum.ieee.org/5g-virtualization-increased-hackability" target="_blank">5G Networks Are Worryingly Hackable<br /></a></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><div id=":1qn"><div class="qQVYZb"></div><div class="utdU2e"></div><div class="lQs8Hd" jsaction="SN3rtf:rcuQ6b" jscontroller="i3Ohde"></div><div class="btm"></div></div><div><div class="aHl"></div><div id=":1qe" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="ii gt" id=":1ql" jslog="20277; u014N:xr6bB; 4:W251bGwsbnVsbCxbXV0."><div class="a3s aiL" id=":1qm"><div dir="auto">Edd Gent, IEEE Spectrum, Aug 24, 2022</div></div></div></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /><a href="https://potsandpansbyccg.com/2022/04/08/the-death-of-millimeter-wave-cellular/" target="_blank">The Death of Millimeter-wave Cellular?</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">CCG Consulting, POTs and PANs, Apr 8, 2022</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.theverge.com/22968066/apple-iphone-se-5g-mmwave-verizon-uw" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">5G’s false start is over and the iPhone SE proves it: Apple built an iPhone without millimeter </span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">wave, and it matters</span></span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Sean Hollister, The Verge, Mar 9, 2022</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div></h3></div><div><div><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/7/22958173/apple-5g-iphone-se-event-carriers-customers" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">The 5G iPhone SE will be for carriers, not customers</a><span style="font-family: arial;">: Apple’s latest 5G upgrade is more marketing than mandatory. Chaim Gartenberg, The Verge, Mar 7, 2022</span></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-03/telecom-providers-bet-100-billion-on-5g-wireless-technology-it-hasn-t-paid-off" style="font-family: arial;">5G Has Been a $100 Billion Whiff So Far</a><span style="font-family: arial;">: Big telecom providers still haven’t persuaded consumers to embrace the faster system. Scott Moritz & Rob Golum, Bloomberg Businessweek, Mar 3, 2022</span></div><div><div class="gE iv gt"><table cellpadding="0" class="cf gJ" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><tbody><tr class="acZ xD"><td colspan="3"><table cellpadding="0" class="cf adz"><tbody><tr><td class="ady"><div aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Show details" class="ajy" data-tooltip="Show details" id=":2mn" role="button" tabindex="0"><a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/video/why-5g-less-exciting-consumers-151119610.html" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="ajz" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/images/cleardot.gif" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div id=":2n1" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div class="qQVYZb"></div><div class="utdU2e"></div><div class="lQs8Hd" jsaction="SN3rtf:rcuQ6b" jscontroller="i3Ohde"></div><div class="btm"></div></div><div style="background-color: white;"><div class="aHl" style="color: #222222;"></div><div id=":2mo" style="color: #222222;" tabindex="-1"></div><div class="ii gt" id=":2mz" jslog="20277; u014N:xr6bB; 4:W251bGwsbnVsbCxbXV0."><div class="a3s aiL" id=":2n0"><div dir="auto" style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/video/why-5g-less-exciting-consumers-151119610.html" target="_blank">Why 5G is ‘less exciting’ for consumers, analyst explains</a><br />Craig Moffett, Yahoo Finance, Jan 26, 2022</span></div><div dir="auto"><br /></div></div></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://potsandpansbyccg.com/2022/01/19/when-will-we-see-real-5g/" target="_blank">When will we see real 5G?</a></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;">CCG Consulting, POTs and PANs, Jan 19, 2022</span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/587366-5g-wireless-yet-another-reason-to-fear-flying" target="_blank">5G wireless — yet another reason to fear flying</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Tara Sonenshine, The Hill, Dec 27, 2021</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><a href="https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/verizons-5g-mmwave-network-has-a-tree-problem/2021/12/" target="_blank">Verizon’s 5G mmWave Network Has a Tree Problem</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Matt Kapko, sdx Central, Dec 26, 2021</span></div><div><span><br /><a href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/5g-is-a-waste-of-time-and-money-in-2021/" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">I’ve paid for 5G for more than 2 years and it has been a complete waste of money</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Andy Boxall, Digital Trends, Dec 25, 2021<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><br /></div><div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/why-you-wont-really-feel-5g-until-2027" target="_blank">Why You Won't Really Feel 5G Until 2027</a></span></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: arial;">Sascha Segan, PC Magazine, Oct 15, 2021</span></div></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/09/24/5g-network-speeds/" target="_blank">5G networks left us wanting in 2020. One year later, they're still a work in progress.</a></div><div>Washington Post, Sep 24, 2021</div><div><br /></div><a href="https://www.xda-developers.com/barely-anyone-using-mmwave-5g-us/" target="_blank">Barely anyone is using mmWave 5G in the U.S.</a><br />Pranob Mehrotra, XDA, July 15, 2021<div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.aglmediagroup.com/why-5g-is-just-not-catching-on/" target="_blank">Why 5G is just not catching on</a></div><div>Ernest Worthman, Above Ground Level, May 17, 2021</div><div><br /></div><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/29/22409675/verizon-att-tmobile-5g-mmwave-c-band" target="_blank">Dear wireless carriers: the 5G hype needs to stop</a><div>Allison Johnson, The Verge, Apr 29, 2021</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://uk.pcmag.com/networking/132091/why-are-carriers-telling-us-to-turn-off-5g" target="_blank">Why Are Carriers Telling Us to Turn Off 5G?</a></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Sascha Segan, PC Magazine (UK), Mar 5, 2021</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://wsimag.com/science-and-technology/64670-how-deep-is-5g-fake-news" target="_blank">How Deep is 5G Fake News?</a></div><div>Miguel Coma, Wall Street International, Jan 23, 2021</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/heres-why-verizon-iphone-users-must-turn-off-5g-right-now" target="_blank">Here's Why Verizon iPhone Users Must Turn Off 5G Right Now</a></div><div>Sascha Segan, PC Magazine, Dec 22, 2020</div><br /><a href="https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/analysis/failure-5g/" target="_blank">The failure of 5G: </a><a href="https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/analysis/failure-5g/" target="_blank">5G was supposed to be a revolution. So far in 2020, it’s not even been a great evolution</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Vlad-Gabriel Anghel, DCD, Dec 15, 2020</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20201109/06533445674/there-is-no-race-to-5g-us-wouldnt-be-winning-even-if-there-was.shtml" target="_blank">There Is No 'Race To 5G.' And The U.S. Wouldn't Be Winning Even If There Was</a><br />Karl Bode, TechDirt, Nov 10, 2020</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-vs-china-in-5g-the-battle-isnt-even-close-11604959200" target="_blank">U.S. vs. China in 5G: The Battle Isn’t Even Close</a>: China is leading the way in the size and consistency of its 5G network</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Dan Strumpf, Wall Street Journal, Nov 9, 2020</span><br /><div><div class="nH bkK nn" style="width: 1357px;"><div class="nH"><div class="nH"><div class="nH ar4 z"><div><div class="aeH" id=":4"><div class="G-atb D E" gh="tm"><div class="iH bzn" gh="mtb"><div class="G-tF"><div class="G-Ni G-aE J-J5-Ji"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="G-Ni J-J5-Ji"></div><div class="iG J-J5-Ji"><br /></div><div class="iG J-J5-Ji"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Telecommunication/Poor-5G-connectivity-disappoints-South-Korean-users" target="_blank">Poor 5G connectivity disappoints South Korean users</a>: Over 560,000 consumers return to 4G as applications for dispute mediation rise</span></div><div class="iG J-J5-Ji"><span style="font-family: arial;">Sotoro Suzuki, Nikkei Asia, Nov 7, 2020</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="h0"><br /></div><div class="h0"><a href="https://m.gsmarena.com/better_business_bureau_finds_tmobile_to_be_misleading_americans_about_5g-news-46157.php" target="_blank">Better Business Bureau finds T-Mobile to be misleading Americans about 5G in ads</a></div><div class="h0">GSMArena, Nov 5, 2020</div></span></span></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><br /></span><a href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/study-finds-that-us-5g-speeds-are-slower-than-14-other-countries" target="_blank">Study Finds That US 5G Speeds Are Slower Than 14 Other Countries</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Jason Cohen, PC, Oct 30, 2020<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.circleid.com/posts/20201029-is-5g-a-race-we-want-to-win/ " target="_blank">Is 5G a Race We Want to Win?</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Doug Dawson, CircleID, Oct 29, 2020</span></div><br /><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/technology/5g-phone-companies.html" target="_blank">Why the 5G Pushiness? Because $$$.</a> Selling 5G capability is a huge opportunity for phone companies. Be careful.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Shira Ovide, New York Times, Oct 22, 2020</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/3586363/5g-phones.html" target="_blank">Why 5G phones aren't a smart investment in the future (yet)</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">JR Raphael, Computerworld, Oct 22, 2020</span></div><div><span><br /><a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/iphone-12-do-we-even-need-5g-were-still-not-sure-apple-future-proof-phone/" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">iPhone 12 has 5G, but we're still not sure if we even need it</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Shara Tibken, c|net, Oct 18, 2020</span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/15/technology/ignore-phone-companies-5g.html" target="_blank">Ignore Phone Companies About 5G.</a> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The cellular networks might be life-changing in the future. Not today. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Shira Ovide, New York Times, Oct 15, 2020</span></div><div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><br /></div></div><div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://international.thenewslens.com/article/141712" target="_blank">Chinese 5G Not Living up To Its Hype</a></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;">John Xie, The News Lens (Voice of America), Oct 12, 2020</span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/3575510/at-this-point-5g-is-a-bad-joke.html" target="_blank">At this point, 5G is a joke</a></span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, Computerworld, Sep 17, 2020</span></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/09/08/5g-speed/" target="_blank">The 5G lie: The network of the future is still slow</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Geoffrey A. Fowler, Washington Post, Sep 8, 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/09/atts-current-5g-is-slower-than-4g-in-nearly-every-city-tested-by-pcmag/" target="_blank">AT&T’s current 5G is slower than 4G in nearly every city tested by PCMag</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Jon Brodkin, Ars Technica, Sep 8,2020</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.fiercewireless.com/operators/verizon-told-to-stop-most-powerful-5g-claim" target="_blank">Verizon told to stop ‘most powerful 5G’ claim </a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Monica Alleven, Fierce Wireless, Sep 1, 2020</span></div>
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<a href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/07/verizon-admits-big-limits-in-5g-network-agrees-to-pull-misleading-ads/" style="background-color: transparent;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Verizon’s 5G network is tiny—Verizon ads “falsely implied” it’s nationwide</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span>Jon Brodkin, Ars Technica, Jul 15, 2020</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/20/tech/att-discontinues-5g-evolution-marketing/index.html" target="_blank">AT&T will stop using '5G Evolution' marketing phrases to refer to its 4G LTE network</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Clare Duffy, CNN, May 20, 2020</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="https://www.tomsguide.com/news/the-5g-revolution-has-been-a-big-fail-so-far" target="_blank">The 5G revolution has been a big fail so far</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Philip Michaels, Toms Guide, May 16, 2020</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/05/verizons-nationwide-5g-will-only-be-a-small-upgrade-over-4g-at-first/" target="_blank">Verizon’s nationwide 5G will only be a “small” upgrade over 4G at first</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jon Brodkin, Ars Technica, May 13, 2020</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/3542622/5g-android-flagships.html" target="_blank">Could 5G spell trouble for Android flagships?</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">J.R. Raphael, Computerworld, May 12, 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.cjr.org/special_report/under_the_weather.php/" target="_blank">Under the Weather: The battle between meteorologists and 5G</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Mary Cuddehe, Columbia Journalism Review, Spring 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.fiercewireless.com/5g/5g-t-mobile-verizon-and-at-t-all-rank-badly-for-different-reasons" target="_blank">The 5G of T-Mobile, Verizon and AT&T all rank badly for different reasons</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Linda Hardesty, Fierce Wireless, Mar 3, 2020</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/03/perspectives/5g-disruption/index.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">The 'race to 5G' is a myth</span></a></div>
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Kevin Werbach, CNN, Feb 3, 2020</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20200116/08134343743/race-to-5g-is-giant-pile-lobbyist-nonsense.shtml" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">The 'race to 5G' is a giant pile of lobbyist nonsense</span></a></div>
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Karl Bode, TechDirt, Jan 27, 2020</span></div>
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<a href="https://theoutline.com/post/8528/what-is-the-5g-revolution" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">The 5G revolution isn't a revolution</span></a></div>
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Noah Kulwin, The Outline, Jan 13, 2020</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/09/what-is-5g-heres-what-verizon-att-sprint-and-t-mobile-offer.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">There are three types of 5G — most of what you’ll get is not the super-fast kind</span></a></div>
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Alex Sherman, Todd Hazelton, CNBC, Jan 9, 2020</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/what-at-t-verizon-and-t-mobile-don-t-want-you-to-know-about-their-5g-deployments" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">What AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile don’t want you to know about their 5G deployments</span></a></div>
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Monica Alleven, Fierce Wireless, Jan 2, 2020</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/5g-underwhelms-in-its-first-big-test-11577788203" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G underwhelms its first big test</span></a></div>
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Eun-Young Jeong, Wall Street Journal, Dec 31, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/in-the-5g-race-of-2019-consumers-were-the-real-losers/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the 5G race of 2019, consumers were the real losers: The carriers were largely in testing mode, and consumers were the guinea pigs</span></a></div>
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Roger Cheng, c|net, Dec 24, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.multichannel.com/news/5g-is-here-and-for-real-this-time" target="_blank">5G Is Here — And for Real This Time: New Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile offerings are speedy, but hardly revolutionary</a><br />Daniel Frankel, Multichannel News, Dec 2, 2019</span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.extremetech.com/mobile/300763-qualcomm-study-5g" target="_blank">Qualcomm Publishes Half-Baked Study to Make 5G Look Good</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Hruska, Extreme Tech, Oct 24, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.techrepublic.com/article/rain-fade-on-your-parade-why-5g-use-cases-in-business-are-still-years-away/" target="_blank">Rain fade on your parade: Why 5G use cases in business are still years away</a></span><br />
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James Sanders, Tech Republic, Oct 10, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/10/att-and-other-carriers-want-to-hide-detailed-5g-maps-from-fcc-and-public/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">AT&T and other carriers want to hide detailed 5G maps from FCC and public</span></a></div>
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Jon Brodkin, Ars Technica, Oct 10, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/5g-testing-hype-174237826.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G is mostly hype so far</span></a></div>
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Rob Pegoraro, Yahoo Finance, Oct 7, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/09/verizons-5g-network-isnt-good-enough-to-cover-an-entire-nfl-stadium/" target="_blank"> 5G hype still exceeds reality — Verizon’s 5G network isn’t good enough to cover an entire NFL stadium</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jon Brodkin, Ars Technica, Sep 6, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/5g-hype-isnt-going-to-close-the-digital-divide/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G Hype Won't Close the Digital Divide</span></a></div>
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Dhara Singh, c|net, Aug 14, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://venturebeat.com/2019/08/07/verizon-warns-that-mid-band-5g-will-perform-more-like-4g/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Verizon warns that mid-band 5G will perform more like 4G</span></a></div>
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Jeremy Horwitz, Venture Beat, Aug 7, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-downside-of-5g-overwhelmed-cities-torn-up-streets-a-decade-until-completion-11561780801" target="_blank">The Downside of 5G: Overwhelmed Cities, Torn-Up Streets, a Decade Until Completion</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Christopher Mims, Wall Street Journal, Jun 29, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/06/history-cellular-network-security-doesnt-bode-well-5g" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">The History of Cellular Networks Doesn't Bode Well for 5G</span></a></div>
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Threat Lab, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Jun 26, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/43j5q9/verizon-claims-5g-will-help-fight-cancer-experts-say-thats-not-likely" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Verizon Claims 5G Will Help Fight Cancer. Experts Say That’s Not Likely</span></a></div>
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Karl Bode, Vice.com, Jun 14, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/choosing-the-wrong-lane-in-the-race-to-5g/" target="_blank">Choosing the Wrong Lane in the Race to 5G</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jessica Rosenworcel </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(FCC Commissioner)</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, Wired, Jun 10, 2019</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/23/18637213/5g-race-us-leadership-china-fcc-lte" target="_blank">Wait, why the hell is the ‘race to 5G’ even a race? No one has a good answer to this question</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Nilay Patel, Verge, May 23, 2019</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-communications/the-terrifying-potential-of-the-5g-network" target="_blank">The Terrifying Potential of the 5G Network</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><i>The future of wireless technology holds the promise of total connectivity. But it will also be especially susceptible to cyberattacks and surveillance.</i></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sue Halpern, The New Yorker, Apr 26, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/04/millimeter-wave-5g-isnt-for-widespread-coverage-verizon-admits/" target="_blank">Millimeter-wave 5G isn’t for widespread coverage, Verizon admits ... 5G's highest speeds will only be for select areas</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jon Brodkin, ars Technica, Apr 23, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/5/18296973/5g-e-att-verzion-marketing-hype-speed-tests-rollout-chicago-minneapolis" target="_blank">5G is still just hype for AT&T and Verizon</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Chaim Gartenberg, The Verge, Apr 5, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://venturebeat.com/2019/03/22/report-verizon-5g-home-service-too-expensive-to-scale-attracts-few-users/" target="_blank">Verizon 5G Home service too expensive to scale, attracts few users</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jeremy Horwitz, Venture Beat, Mar 22, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://theweek.com/articles/829240/what-5g-live-hype" target="_blank">What is 5G and will it live up to the hype?</a><br />Staff, The Week, Mar 17, 2019</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.adweek.com/digital/executives-dont-believe-the-hype-around-5g-according-to-accenture-study/" target="_blank">Executives Don’t Believe the Hype Around 5G, According to Accenture Study</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Patrick Kulp, Adweek, Mar 1, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/telecommunications/our-insights/cutting-through-the-5g-hype-survey-shows-telcos-nuanced-views" target="_blank">Cutting through the 5G hype: Survey shows telcos' nuanced views</a><br />
Ferry Grijpink et al, McKinsey & Company, Feb, 2019<br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><a href="https://venturebeat.com/2019/02/12/verizons-stalled-5g-rollout-reportedly-covers-less-than-10-of-sacramento/" target="_blank">Verizon’s stalled 5G rollout reportedly covers less than 10% of Sacramento</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Jeremy Horwitz, VentureBeat, Feb 12, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/02/enough-5g-hype" target="_blank">Enough of the 5G Hype</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ernesto Falcon, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Feb 11, 2019</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/sprint-files-lawsuit-against-at-t-over-5g-claims/" target="_blank">Sprint files lawsuit against AT&T over 5G claims</a></span></div>
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Corinne Reichert, ZDNet, Feb 11, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/6/18212742/5g-broadband-replacement-att-rural-connectivity" target="_blank">5G can't fix America's broadband problems</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Don't expect the new generation of wireless tech to replace fiber.... </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Karl Bode, The Verge, Feb 6, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/4/18211044/apple-att-5g-e-network-icon-iphones-misleading-ios-software-update-beta" target="_blank">Apple just endorsed AT&T’s fake 5G E network</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Chaim Gartenberg, The Verge, Feb 4, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/366278/verizon-and-at-t-jumped-the-gun-on-5g" target="_blank">Verizon and AT&T Jumped the Gun on 5G</a><br />Sascha Segan, PC Magazine, Jan 31, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://slate.com/technology/2019/01/5g-mobile-wireless-network-hype-consumers-fcc.html" style="background-color: transparent;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Telecom Companies Are Seriously Overhyping 5G Networks</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Amir Nasr, Slate, Jan 30, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://business.financialpost.com/telecom/attack-surface-has-multiplied-5g-networks-more-vulnerable-to-hackers-conference-told" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G has 200 times more access points for hackers than existing networks, experts warn</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Emily Jackson, Ottawa Citizen, Jan 24, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2019/01/11/time-to-move-beyond-5g-hype/" target="_blank">Time to move beyond 5G hype</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tom Wheeler, Brookings, Jan 11, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/beware-the-5g-hype-wireless-rivals-fuel-confusion-11547054186" target="_blank">Beware the 5G Hype: Wireless Rivals Fuel Confusion</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Drew FitzGerald, Wall Street Journal, Jan 9, 2019</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/verizon-and-t-mobile-bash-at-t-over-fake-5g/" target="_blank">Verizon and T-Mobile bash AT&T over 'fake 5G'</a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Marguerite Reardon, c|net, Jan 8, 2019</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/dial-down-the-5g-hype-11546430401" target="_blank">Dial Down the 5G Hype</a><br />
Dan Gallagher, Wall Street Journal, Jan 2, 2019<br />
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<a href="https://www.techspot.com/news/77984-att-branding-4g-networks-phones-5g-marketing-scam.html" target="_blank">AT&T is branding 4G networks & phones as 5G in a marketing scam: Advanced 4G is not 5G</a></span></div>
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Isaac Mayer, Techspot, Dec 22, 2018</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/12/21/was-year-g-hype-g-reality-is-yet-come/" target="_blank">2018 was the year of 5G hype. The 5G reality is yet to come</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Brian Fung, Washington Post, Dec 21, 2018</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/21/18151764/att-5g-evolution-logo-rollout-fake-network" target="_blank">AT&T will put a fake 5G logo on its 4G LTE phones</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Jacob Kastrenakes, The Verge, Dec 21, 2018</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/5g-wireless-service-is-coming-but-deloitte-forecasts-slow-rollout-2018-12" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">5G wireless service is coming, but Deloitte forecasts slow rollout</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Troy Wolverton, Business Insider, Dec 14, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/12/dont-buy-a-5g-smartphone-at-least-not-for-a-while/" target="_blank">Don’t buy a 5G smartphone—at least, not for a while</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ron Amadeo, Ars Technica, Dec 14, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://gizmodo.com/why-5g-hype-is-out-of-control-this-week-1830917002" target="_blank">Why 5G Hype is Out of Control This Week</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sam Rutherford, Gizmodo, Dec 7, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/4/18125854/verizon-att-5g-speed-test-slow-maui-qualcomm-snapdragon-summit" target="_blank">The first ‘real world’ 5G test was a dud</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sean Hollister, The Verge, Dec 4, 2018</span><br />
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<a href="https://watershedsentinel.ca/articles/5g-corporate-grail/" target="_blank">5G Corporate Grail: Smart cities/dumb people?</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"> </span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joyce Nelson. </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Watershed Sentinel, Nov 5, 2018.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/opinion/network-shmetwork/" target="_blank">Do we even need 5G at all?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jeremy Kaplan, Digital Trends, Oct 26, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/why-5gs-out-of-reach-for-more-people-than-you-think/" target="_blank">Why 5G is out of reach for more people than you think</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Shara Tibken, c|net, Oct 25, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/eu-autos-technology/volkswagen-a-winner-as-eu-set-to-favour-wifi-over-5g-draft-idUSKCN1MT1IT" target="_blank">Volkswagen a winner as EU set to favour wifi over 5G: draft</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Foo Yun Chee, Reuters, Oct 19, 2018</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><a href="https://news.strategyanalytics.com/press-release/devices/strategy-analytics-5g-hype-cycle-about-run-hard-truth-subsidies-needed" target="_blank"> The 5G hype cycle is about to run into a hard truth: Subsidies needed! </a><br />Strategy Analytics, Business Wire, Oct 18, 2018</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.jhnewsandguide.com/news/environmental/article_8ae30f8d-a398-5a93-9b20-b91715c5da4f.html" target="_blank">Carriers race to establish 5G as critics say slow down</a> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Frederica Kolwey, Jackson Hole News & Guide, Oct 17, 2018</span> <br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/5g-is-almost-a-reality-heres-what-itll-really-feel-like-verizon-att-t-mobile-sprint-samsung-qualcomm/" target="_blank">5G is almost a reality. Here's what it'll really feel like. Hype alert: Don't expect 5G to change your life right away.</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Robert Cheng, c|net, Oct 17, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/verizons-5g-rollout-experiences-a-mixed-bag-so-far" target="_blank">Verizon’s 5G rollout experiences are a mixed bag so far</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dexter Johnson, IEEE Spectrum, Oct 11, 2018</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://thehill.com/policy/technology/409047-experts-worry-5g-could-widen-digital-divide" target="_blank">Experts worry 5G can widen digital divide in cities</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ali Breland, The Hill, Sep 30, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/3310067/mobile-wireless/why-5g-will-disappoint-everyone.html" target="_blank">Why 5G will disappoint everyone</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mike Elgan, Computerworld, Sep 29, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.govtech.com/network/Has-5G-Hype-Outpaced-Reality.html" target="_blank">Has 5G Hype Outpaced Reality?</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kate Patrick, Government Technology, Sep 28, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://thehill.com/policy/technology/408416-rural-america-worries-it-will-miss-out-on-5g" target="_blank">Rural America worries it will miss out on 5G</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ali Breland, The Hill, Sep 26, 2018</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/09/fcc-angers-cities-and-towns-with-2-billion-giveaway-to-wireless-carriers/" target="_blank">FCC angers cities and towns with $2 billion giveaway to wireless carriers</a></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Jon Brodkin, Ars Technica, Sep 21, 2018</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/09/19/fcc_5g_plan/" target="_blank">FCC's 5G masterstroke little more than big biz cash giveaway – expert</a></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kieren McCarthy, The Register, Sep 19, 2018</span><br />
</span><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b>
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823220918/https://www.pcmag.com/commentary/363244/the-problem-with-5g" target="_blank">The Problem with 5G</a> (PC Magazine censored Dvorak's article and replaced it with another article. The link is to the internet archive.)</span></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
John C. Dvorak, PC Magazine, Aug 22, 2018.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
<a href="https://semiengineering.com/the-rising-cost-of-5g/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Rising Cost of 5G: Big increases in power consumption & uncertainty about how to test these devices have yet to be resolved</span></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
Ed Sperling, Semiconductor Engineering. Aug 22, 2018.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.rfglobalnet.com/doc/the-week-in-g-gpp-set-to-announce-final-phase-standard-in-june-g-sparks-security-and-health-concerns-anew-0001" target="_blank">The Week In 5G:6/1/2018 – 3GPP Set To Announce Final Phase-1 Standard In June; 5G Sparks Security and Health Concerns Anew</a></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Jof Enriquez, RF Globalnet, June 1, 2018</span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/59j7v8/the-race-to-5g-is-just-mindless-marketing-bullshit" target="_blank">The ‘Race to 5G’ Is Just Mindless Marketing Bullshit</a></span><br />
</span><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial;">Karl Bode, Motherboard, May 4, 2018</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.aglmediagroup.com/mwc-and-the-5g-hype-machine-keep-on-giving-and-giving-and-giving/" target="_blank">MWC and the 5G Hype Machine Keep on Giving, and Giving and Giving...</a><br />Ernest Worthman, AGL Media Group, Apr 19, 2018</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://medium.com/@kushnickbruce/5g-wireless-is-the-new-fiber-optic-bait-and-switch-scandal-646246b8f34d" target="_blank">“5G” Wireless Is the New Fiber Optic, Bait-and-Switch Scandal</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Bruce Kushnick, Medium, Mar 8, 2018</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<a href="https://www.aglmediagroup.com/the-5g-hype-machine-continues-to-mislead/" target="_blank">The 5G Hype Machine Continues to Mislead</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ernest Worthman, Above Ground Level, Feb 1, 2018</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.latimes.com/business/lazarus/la-fi-lazarus-5g-wireless-is-coming-20180109-story.html" target="_blank">Super-fast 5G wireless is coming this year, but it probably won't be cheap</a></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">David Lazarus, Los Angeles Times, Jan 9, 2018</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-18/upgrade-to-5g-costs-200-billion-a-year-and-may-not-be-worth-it" target="_blank">Upgrade to 5G Costs $200 Billion a Year, May Not Be Worth It</a></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Olga Kharif and Scott Moritz, Bloomberg, Dec 18, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/20171205/Documents/S3_Christer_Tornevik.pdf" target="_blank">Impact of EMF Limits on 5G Network Rollout</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Christer Tornevik, ITU Workshop on 5G, EMF and Health, Dec 5, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/microwave-radiation-coming-lamppost-near/" target="_blank"><br /></a></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/microwave-radiation-coming-lamppost-near/" target="_blank">Microwave Radiation Coming to a Lamppost near You</a></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Merinda Teller, MPH, PhD, Weston A. Price Foundation, Dec 1, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.bbcmag.com/2017mags/Mar_Apr/BBC_Mar17_5GNotAnswer.pdf" target="_blank">5G Is Not the Answer For Rural Broadband</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Larry Thompson and Warren Vande Stadt, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Broadband Communities. March/April, 2017</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.wired.com/2016/08/the-next-generation-of-wireless-5g-is-all-hype/?GuidesLearnMore" target="_blank">The Next Generation of Wireless -- "5G"-- Is All Hype</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Susan Crawford, Wired, Aug 11, 2016</span><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-75805765869210496682023-12-05T10:00:00.000-08:002023-12-05T11:57:51.004-08:00Pregnancy & Wireless Radiation Risks<div dir="ltr">
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<h3 style="color: black;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3PyNXnQdvbOnwjiQc_NYvUHv4Lphm2jFbHoKhOsRHUyot5udDheTzv1HL9uzTD0NZdd1_elSxbs4I8c_Sg_J-kuY7mxEcX3OpdmJTNU-rIPrqDzclcoap5MK8uaeDQUtFDo2aXK36h17HUnobH1R2kQ4lC0q7uIM_Y3eOP37UGCKuAKivxGGM9oN3/s1116/Pregnant%20woman%20cell%20phone.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="626" data-original-width="1116" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3PyNXnQdvbOnwjiQc_NYvUHv4Lphm2jFbHoKhOsRHUyot5udDheTzv1HL9uzTD0NZdd1_elSxbs4I8c_Sg_J-kuY7mxEcX3OpdmJTNU-rIPrqDzclcoap5MK8uaeDQUtFDo2aXK36h17HUnobH1R2kQ4lC0q7uIM_Y3eOP37UGCKuAKivxGGM9oN3/w400-h224/Pregnant%20woman%20cell%20phone.JPG" width="400" /></a></div></span></i></h3><h3 style="color: black;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>More than 50 r</b><b>ecent studies have found </b></span><b style="font-family: arial;">adverse effects </b><b style="font-family: arial;">f</b><b style="font-family: arial;">rom prenatal exposure <br /></b></i><b style="font-family: arial;"><i>to wireless radiation in humans and six other species ....</i></b></h3>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="gmail_default"><b><br /></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Electromagnetic fields exposure on fetal and childhood
abnormalities: </b></div><div class="gmail_default" style="text-align: center;"><b>Systematic review and meta-analysis</b> <br /></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default">
Kashani ZA, Pakzad R, Fakari FR, Haghparast MS, Abdi F, Kiani Z, Talebi
A, Haghgoo SM. Electromagnetic fields exposure on fetal and childhood
abnormalities: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars).
2023 May 12;18(1):20230697. doi: 10.1515/med-2023-0697 <br /></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default">Abstract<br /></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default">
Today, in the modern world, people are often exposed to electromagnetic
waves, which can have undesirable effects on cell components that lead
to differentiation and abnormalities in cell proliferation,
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, chromosomal abnormalities, cancers,
and birth defects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of
electromagnetic waves on fetal and childhood abnormalities. PubMed,
Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar
were searched on 1 January 2023. The Cochran's <i>Q</i>-test and <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>
statistics were applied to assess heterogeneity, a random-effects model
was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR), standardized mean
difference (SMD), and mean difference for different outcomes, and a
meta-regression method was utilized to investigate the factors affecting
heterogeneity between studies. A total of 14 studies were included in
the analysis, and the outcomes investigated were: change in gene
expression, oxidant parameters, antioxidant parameters, and DNA damage
parameters in the umbilical cord blood of the fetus and fetal
developmental disorders, cancers, and childhood development disorders.
Totally, the events of fetal and childhood abnormalities were more
common in parents who have been exposed to EMFs compared to those who
have not (SMD and 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 [0.15-0.35]; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>, 91%). Moreover, fetal developmental disorders (OR, 1.34; CI, 1.17-1.52; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>, 0%); cancer (OR, 1.14; CI, 1.05-1.23; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>, 60.1%); childhood development disorders (OR, 2.10; CI, 1.00-3.21; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>, 0%); changes in gene expression (mean difference [MD], 1.02; CI, 0.67-1.37; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>, 93%); oxidant parameters (MD, 0.94; CI, 0.70-1.18; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>, 61.3%); and DNA damage parameters (MD, 1.01; CI, 0.17-1.86; <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup>,
91.6%) in parents who have been exposed to EMFs were more than those in
parents who have not. According to meta-regression, publication year
has a significant effect on heterogeneity (coefficient: 0.033;
0.009-0.057). Maternal exposure to electromagnetic fields, especially in
the first trimester of pregnancy, due to the high level of stem cells
and their high sensitivity to this radiation, the biochemical parameters
of the umbilical cord blood examined was shown increased oxidative
stress reactions, changes in protein gene expression, DNA damage, and
increased embryonic abnormalities. In addition, parental exposure to
ionizing and non-ionizing radiation can lead to the enhancement of
different cell-based cancers and developmental disorders such as speech
problems in childhood. <br /></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2DhX7Llifvf9tHPOphZLhUtqAQsXE54pejCFRQvtmfXXcBk7IVO28iZE2JnOEFjyyOFnLZ9Bds1N2xIz-vmfTk49NKjHNP0DtkAp9YZr7ClS9Rh7t1dDkX5F_vn6_7vx7_mjFDdQrCBMBybw5trCNEfBqhiN0spdzCWAQ65dZcEW2fWBu-tCROnRnZB8/s928/Kashani%20Figure%202.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="928" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2DhX7Llifvf9tHPOphZLhUtqAQsXE54pejCFRQvtmfXXcBk7IVO28iZE2JnOEFjyyOFnLZ9Bds1N2xIz-vmfTk49NKjHNP0DtkAp9YZr7ClS9Rh7t1dDkX5F_vn6_7vx7_mjFDdQrCBMBybw5trCNEfBqhiN0spdzCWAQ65dZcEW2fWBu-tCROnRnZB8/w640-h420/Kashani%20Figure%202.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="color: black; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: black; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW0Zwp-UJTtvOj43Dhnih7QQjnjJKNlkbSmgOlNZ4K3zhmpsiNI2j76OmYkpWmFJkhFkdl7XRUKVMAfW2APp4b1htTQ0YVqtJC9-xVH3qHJ7NMU8wRGlCqhAnXB0Bt3k0u178Z6i4FPKNBOvND9YKrPchl3kyrthDz3EC1cK3HKzEQAL2HhzLpvaBvjZs/s893/Kashani%20Figure%203.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="893" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW0Zwp-UJTtvOj43Dhnih7QQjnjJKNlkbSmgOlNZ4K3zhmpsiNI2j76OmYkpWmFJkhFkdl7XRUKVMAfW2APp4b1htTQ0YVqtJC9-xVH3qHJ7NMU8wRGlCqhAnXB0Bt3k0u178Z6i4FPKNBOvND9YKrPchl3kyrthDz3EC1cK3HKzEQAL2HhzLpvaBvjZs/w640-h400/Kashani%20Figure%203.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div><div class="gmail_default"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default">Conclusions</div><div class="gmail_default">
<br class="gmail-Apple-interchange-newline" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3d3f;">Studies
are associated with mothers’ exposure to EMFs during pregnancy and
non-ionizing radiation (RF and ELF-EMFs) with fetal complications such
as significant enhancement of oxidant factors, decrease of antioxidant
factors, and increase in DNA damage parameters, as well as changes in
expression proteins in cord blood genes. On the other hand, close
maternal exposure in prenatal and postnatal (residence or occupational
exposure) with EMFs of high voltages power lines more than 1 mG or 50 Hz
with congenital anomalies (CNS defect, spina bifida) and fetal
developmental disorders (such as reduced embryonic bud length) and
neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood (e.g., speech problems in
children) are associated. Moreover, parents’ exposure to ionizing and
non-ionizing radiation (X-ray, ELF-EMF, and RF examinations) before and
after birth is also associated with enhancement of the risk of cancers
(such as rhabdomyosarcoma, ALL, brain tumors, and neuroectoderm) in
childhood and adolescence. However, due to the limitations of studies,
such as inaccurate measurement of exposure to ELF-EMF (e.g., interviews
based on participants’ reminders) or inaccurate measure of the actual
rate of exposure to EMF or case–control model of most studies, the
effects of EMF on fetal and childhood abnormalities should be
interpreted with caution. Considering the widespread exposure to
non-ionizing radiation, a little enhancement of exposure to EMF could
lead to unacceptable health consequences for future generations.
Although the number of epidemiological studies examining the undesirable
effects of EMF exposure in humans is limited, the findings of this
study should prompt further research on this significant environmental
danger for pregnant women.</span>
</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="gmail_default">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2023-0697/html?lang=en">https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2023-0697/html?lang=en</a></div></div></span></div><div style="color: black; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: black; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div><div style="color: black; text-align: left;"><div class="gmail_quote"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Impacts of smartphone radiation on pregnancy: A systematic review</b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Imteyaz El Jarrah, Mohammad Rababa.
Heliyon. Impacts of smartphone radiation on pregnancy: A systematic review. 2022 Feb;8(2):e08915. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08915. <br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract<br /><br />Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of people's lives, with many tasks and services now being delivered online in the aim of reducing contact and preventing further transmission of the disease. This has resulted in the increase in the use of portable electronic devices (i.e., mobile phones, smartphones, laptops), which emit different frequencies of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation. However, the evidence on the harmful impacts of EMF radiation exposure on the human body, particularly on the abdomen of the female body during pregnancy, is scarce. Further, the related studies in the literature have yet to be systematically reviewed. If unmanaged, the absorption of EMF radiation by the maternal abdomen during pregnancy is associated with serious birth and infant outcomes.<br /><br />Purpose: This study aimed to systematically review the published studies on the direct effects of EMF radiation emitted from mobile phones on pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes.<br /><br />Methods: After a systematic search using the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 18 articles were retrieved from 5 databases. Studies which addressed the negative outcomes of EMF radiation exposure on mothers, adults, and children's health were included. The research articles were then sorted based on whether their findings were related to the impacts of EMF on physiological or pregnancy outcomes.<br /><br />Results: The findings of this review showed that EMF radiation exposure is associated with hormonal, thermal, and cardiovascular changes among adults. However, the reviewed studies did not consider the impacts of EMF radiation exposure on pregnancy outcomes specifically, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions from this review. Only four of the reviewed studies were conducted among pregnant women. These studies reported that EMF radiation exposure during pregnancy is associated with miscarriages and fluctuations in the fetal temperature and heart rate variability, as well as infant anthropometric measures.<br /><br />Conclusions: More research should be conducted to identify the specific impacts of EMF radiation exposure on pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes. Healthcare providers and researchers are recommended to collaborate to improve public health through public education and updated organizational policies to limit these environmental risks by encouraging the use of safe technologies.<br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="gmail-top__text"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></span><div class="gmail-section-paragraph"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail-section-paragraph"><span style="font-family: arial;">The
current review found EMF radiation exposure to be linked to hormonal,
thermal, and cardiovascular changes in adults. EMF radiation exposure
has also been linked with miscarriages and alternations in fetal
temperature, HRV, and infant anthropometric measurements. A thorough
review of each of the selected studies revealed that further research is
needed to find conclusive evidence regarding the impacts of EMF
radiation exposure on maternal physiological status and pregnancy,
birth, and infant outcomes. This gap in the literature needs to be
addressed for the development of effective strategies for safe
pregnancy. Follow-up studies conducted among pregnant women who use
mobile phones during pregnancy are highly recommended. Healthcare
providers need to take into consideration the potential maternal
and fetal health status changes that are associated with mobile phone
use. Fetal temperature, HRV, and anthropometric measures need to be
assessed on a regular basis. Health care providers may use this evidence
to encourage pregnant women to use their mobile phones in ways which
decrease the risks of harm to the woman and the fetus. Women may set
limits on their use, keep mobile phones away from their bodies, or use
device with very low-frequency EMF radiation.</span></div>
</div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8823972/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pmc/articles/PMC8823972/</a></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"></div></div><div style="color: black; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="color: black; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></b></div><div style="color: black; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="color: black;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mobile Phone Use During Pregnancy: Which Association With Fetal Growth?</span></b><br /><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: arial;">Nathalie Boileau, François Margueritte, Tristan Gauthier, Nedjma Boukeffa, Pierre-Marie Preux, Anaïs Labrunie, Yves Aubard.
Mobile Phone Use During Pregnancy: Which Association With Fetal Growth?
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2020 Jul 2;101852. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101852.</span></div>
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<div style="color: black; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
Introduction:
Few studies have investigated the effect of electromagnetic waves on
the human fetus whereas nowadays mobile phone use is ubiquitous. The aim
of this study was to evaluate the association between mobile phone use
by pregnant women and fetal development during pregnancy in the general
population.</div>
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Material and methods: Data came from the NéHaVi
cohort ("prospective follow-up, from intrauterine development to the age
of 18 years, for children born in Haute-Vienne"), a prospective,
longitudinal, multicenter (three maternity units in Haute-Vienne)
observational cohort focusing on children born between April 2014 and
April 2017. Main objective was to investigate the association of mobile
phone use on fetal growth. Univariate and multivariate models were
generated adjusted for the socioprofessional category variables of the
mother, and other variables likely to influence fetal growth.</div>
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Results:
For the analysis 1,378 medical charts were considered from which 1,368
mothers (99.3%) used their mobile phones during pregnancy. Mean phone
time was 29.8 minutes (range: 0.0 - 240.0 minutes) per day. After
adjustment, newborns whose mothers used their mobile phones for more
than 30 minutes/day were significantly more likely to have an AUDIPOG
score ≤ 10th percentile than those whose mothers used their mobile
phones for less than 5 minutes/day during pregnancy (aOR = 1.54 [1.03;
2.31], p = 0.0374). For women using their cell phones 5 to 15 min and 15
to 30 min, there wasn't a significant association with an AUDIPOG score
≤ 10th, respectively aOR = 0.98 [0.58; 1.65] and aOR = 1.68 [0.99;
2.82].</div>
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Conclusion: Using a mobile phone for calls for more than
30 minutes per day during pregnancy may have a negative impact on fetal
growth. A prospective study should be performed to further evaluate this
potential link.</div>
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<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32623065/&source=gmail&ust=1594421151096000&usg=AFQjCNH-UI53G7QqCvKmZuW6LhhXTBcmjA" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32623065/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/32623065/</span></a></div>
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<b>Maternal Cell Phone Use During Pregnancy Increased Preterm Births</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Tsarna E, Reedijk M, Birks LE, Guxens M, Ballester F, Ha M, Jiménez-Zabala A, Kheifets L, Lertxundi A, Lim HR, Olsen J, Safont LG, Sudan M, Cardis E, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte T, Huss A, Vermeulen R. Maternal Cell Phone Use During Pregnancy, Pregnancy Duration And Fetal Growth In Four Birth Cohorts. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jul 1;188(7):1270-1280. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz092.</span><br />
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<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">bstract</span></b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Previous studies evaluating potential effects of prenatal exposure to radiofrequency fields from cell phones on birth outcomes are inconsistent. We explored if maternal cell phone use was associated with pregnancy duration and fetal growth. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">We used information from 55,507 pregnant women and their children from Denmark (1996-2002; DNBC), the Netherlands (2003-2004; ABCD), Spain (2003-2008; INMA) and Korea (2006-2011; MOCEH). Based on self-reported number of cell phone calls per day, exposure was grouped as none, low (reference level), intermediate, and high. We examined pregnancy duration (gestational age at birth, preterm/postterm birth), fetal growth (birth weight ratio, small/large for gestational age), and birth weight, low and high birth weight, and meta-analyzed cohort specific estimates. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The intermediate exposure group had higher risk of giving birth at lower gestational age (Hazard Ratio=1.04, 95% CI 1.01, 1.07), and exposure-response relationships were found for shorter pregnancy duration (P<0.001) and preterm birth (P=0.003). We observed no association with fetal growth or birth weight. In conclusion, maternal cell phone use during pregnancy may be associated with shorter pregnancy duration and increased risk for preterm birth. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Results should be interpreted with caution, as they may reflect stress during pregnancy or other residual confounding, rather than direct effect of cell phone exposure.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30995291" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/30995291</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Excerpts</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Exposure to RF-EMF [radio frequency electromagnetic fields] during pregnancy could affect the growth and development of the fetus and the pregnancy duration either due to direct radiation of the fetus and the placenta, or indirectly as a result of altered maternal physiology ... </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">... During calling and texting abdominal exposure is low and modeling studies estimate that exposure levels of the human fetus are very low (9–12), although an experimental study on humans has shown that abdominal RF-EMF exposure may affect the placenta function (13). In addition, an association between RF-EMF exposure and thyroid dysfunction has been indicated in animal studies (14,15)....</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">... A cohort study from Turkey (N=500) retrospectively assessed cell phone use and reported shorter pregnancy duration and increased risk for preterm birth (16). In a cohort study from Iran (N=1,200), no association with birth weight was found (17). In a much larger sample from Norway (N=100,231), no association was found between cell phone use and low birth weight, preterm birth, or small for gestational age (SGA) (18)....</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The mothers from DNBC and ABCD reported their frequency of cell phone calls during pregnancy 7 years postnatally. In INMA and MOCEH, similar questionnaires were given to the mothers during pregnancy. To be consistent with previous analyses within these cohorts (29), we classified exposure in four categories (none, low, intermediate, high), based on available information regarding daily frequency of cell phone calls during pregnancy (Table 2)....</span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Table 2 footnote: In DNBC, ABCD, and INMA cohorts, none exposure corresponds to no calls per day, low exposure to 0-1 calls per day, intermediate exposure to 2-3 calls per day, and high exposure to 4 or more calls per day. In MOCEH cohort, none exposure corresponds to no calls per day, low exposure to 0-2 calls per day, intermediate exposure to 3-5 calls per day, and high exposure to 6 or more calls per day.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">... the OR [odds ratio] for preterm birth gained statistical significance in the highly exposed group within the cohorts with prospective exposure assessment (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.22, 3.39) (Web Tables 8 and 10). In the analysis with binary exposure, we observed an increased risk of giving birth at lower gestational age (HR=1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07), and increased odds for preterm birth (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.05, 1.29) for the mothers that used their cell phone more often during pregnancy (Web Tables 8 and 11). The estimates for all the other outcomes were not different from unity (Web Table 11)....</span></span></div></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">In our study, we observed an association of maternal cell phone use during pregnancy with pregnancy duration, but not with fetal growth. Since fetal exposure is very low during cell phone calls (9–12), for the interpretation of these results we considered the potential effect of RF-EMF on maternal head and neck structures, as well as indirect pathways related to the use of cell phones rather than the radiation per se. Animal studies have suggested that RF-EMF exposure may result in minor thyroid gland dysfunction (14,15). Additionally, higher preconception thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy have been associated with higher risk for miscarriage and preterm birth (46–49). Thus, the increased risk for giving birth preterm among heavier users of cell phones that we observed could be mediated by mild thyroid dysfunction. However, the association of RF-EMF exposure from cell phone use with thyroid function is not established, and large-scale epidemiological studies on the topic are lacking. Increased oxidative stress has been also considered (50). However, it is not clear whether the elevation of radical oxygen species resulting from local RF-EMF exposure is of such an extent in humans that it could trigger systematic responses affecting the birth outcomes. Causal pathways involving local radiation of parts of the human body other than maternal head and neck structures were not considered, as this exposure would not be reflected in the number of cell phone calls per day....</span></div>
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The exposure variable was based only on the number of cell phone calls per day; duration of calling was not taken into account, as it was available only in MOCEH. Furthermore, the number of cell phone calls per day during pregnancy was self-reported in all cohorts, and was validated only in MOCEH (59). Thus, misclassification of exposure should have attenuated the observed association, under our assumption that misclassification was predominantly non-differential (60–62). We expect that misclassification was much larger in the older cohorts (DNBC and ABCD), as the number of cell phone calls per day was reported seven years postnatal. Therefore, the estimates in DNBC and ABCD cohorts should be more biased towards the null in comparison to INMA and MOCEH cohorts....</div>
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In conclusion, in our study more frequent maternal cell phone use during pregnancy was associated with shorter pregnancy duration, resulting in increased risk for preterm birth. No association with fetal growth and birth weight was observed. Study results make strong effects unlikely and should be interpreted with caution, as they may reflect an effect of stress during pregnancy or other residual confounding, rather than a direct effect of RF-EMF exposure.</div>
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My note: See <a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2014/07/is-mobile-phone-use-contributing-to.html" style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1;" target="_blank"><b>Thyroid Cancer and Mobile Phone Use</b></a> for studies that examine the effects of cell phone use on the thyroid gland.</div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b>
<b>Prenatal maternal cell phone use linked to lower child cognition at 5 years of age: 3 birth cohorts</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="m_5930698829833178355gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
Sudan
M, Birks LE, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Ferrero A, Gallastegi M, Guxens M, Ha M,
Lim H, Olsen J, González-Safont L, Vrijheid M, Kheifets L.
Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child cognition at age
5 years in 3 birth cohorts. Environ Int. 2018 Nov;120:155-162. doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.043.</span></div>
<div class="m_5930698829833178355gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Highlights</b><br />
<br />
• Prenatal maternal cell phone use may be related to child cognition.<br />
• Cognition scores are slightly lower in relation to higher frequency use, although imprecise.<br />
• The causal mechanisms are unknown at this time.<br />
• The association is likely affected by social and behavioral factors.</span></div>
<div class="m_5930698829833178355gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
BACKGROUND:
There have been few studies of children's cognitive development in
relation to mothers' cell phone use, and most were limited to outcomes
at age 3 years or younger. We examined the relationship between maternal
cell phone use during pregnancy and cognitive performance in 5-year old
children.<br />
<br />
METHODS: This study included data from 3 birth
cohorts: the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) (n = 1209), Spanish
Environment and Childhood Project (INMA) (n = 1383), and Korean Mothers
and Children's Environment Health Study (MOCEH) (n = 497). All cohorts
collected information about maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and
cognitive performance in children at age 5. We performed linear
regression to compute mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals
(CI) in children's general, verbal, and non-verbal cognition scores
comparing frequency of maternal prenatal cell phone use with adjustments
for numerous potential confounding factors. Models were computed
separately for each cohort and using pooled data in meta-analysis.<br />
<br />
RESULTS:
No associations were detected between frequency of prenatal cell phone
use and children's cognition scores. Scores tended to be lower in the
highest frequency of use category; MD (95% CI) in general cognition
scores were 0.78 (-0.76, 2.33) for none, 0.11 (-0.81, 1.03) for medium,
and -0.41 (-1.54, 0.73) for high compared to low frequency of use. This
pattern was seen across all cognitive dimensions, but the results were
imprecise overall.<br />
<br />
CONCLUSION: We observed patterns of lower mean
cognition scores among children in relation to high frequency maternal
prenatal cell phone use. The causal nature and mechanism of this
relationship remain unknown.</span></div>
<div class="m_5930698829833178355gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30096609" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/30096609</a><br />
<br /></span></div>
<div class="m_5930698829833178355gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpt</span></b></div>
<div class="m_5930698829833178355gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
In
this investigation of maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and
cognition in children, we observed a pattern of slightly lower mean
cognition scores among children at age 5 years in relation to high
frequency maternal prenatal cell phone use in pooled data from three
different birth cohorts. Patterns were consistent across cognitive
dimensions, but the results were imprecise. We cannot conclude that our
results reflect an effect of RF from cell phones, nor do our results
indicate that maternal cell phone use directly influences child
cognition as we still lack a known mechanism for how cell phone exposure
may impact cognitive function. Although the magnitude of the mean
differences in cognition scores that we observed were slight, and 1- or
2-point differences in scores are unlikely to have a considerable impact
on individuals, there may be considerable costs to society associated
with a negative shift of population IQ, especially if it is due to a
very common exposure (Trasande et al., 2005). Thus, with the ubiquity of
cell phone use among parents and children alike, it is clearly
important to continue investigations into the possible health and
cognitive effects of this exposure, with more studies examining
associations related to frequency and duration of cell phone use and
additional specific exposure parameters.</span></div>
<div class="m_5930698829833178355gmail-m_-1556976724317573666gmail-m_-4433831684007355243gmail-m_-1884942908055061253gmail-m_-6895231552355931301m_1401309650501272561m_-8124868715809927171m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_6226576372197022098gmail-m_3697634832008915687gmail-m_2052390309449405665gmail-m_-6520529922183720894gmail-m_-6227642494830349394gmail-m_-2975776293302158608gmail-m_6535464435993737439gmail-m_3133562797815587950m_-7694796793734976982gmail-m_515218828825003980gmail-m_-1695995304500520407m_-6035864647318771128gmail-m_1299527789716160985gmail-m_8405908463119340818gmail-m_-276043847321531570m_1624469444744530215gmail-m_4099264283189039447m_3297885255432951094m_1201589308524208941m_-2621217803210884163gmail-m_3166229435237934899m_-3324758633138143878m_956601972281447331gmail-m_7123874830707930865gmail-m_3691193580533619131gmail-m_8493615290965119642m_3003740408866338180gmail-m_475851234373755170gmail-m_-7451157196612457147gmail-m_-5221879497754761865gmail-m_7863216800144823035m_8243310864629290203gmail-m_-165678150935047383m_-5739331378162730095gmail-m_-7545289410126556484gmail-m_-3588816700003855994gmail-m_3710838005433127961gmail-m_-6461655059748163492gmail-Banner" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
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</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Effect of radiofrequency radiation on reproductive health (Review)</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
Singh R, Nath R,Mathur AK,Sharma RS.
Effect of radiofrequency radiation on reproductive health.
Indian J Med Res. 2018 Dec; 148(Suppl 1): S92–S99. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1056_18.<br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
<br />
The
development of cellular phone system has greatly increased the extent
and magnitude of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure. The RFR
emitted from mobile phone and mobile phone base stations exerts thermal
and non-thermal effects. The short-term and long-term exposure to RFR
may have adverse effect on humans as well as animals. Most laboratory
studies have indicated a direct link between exposure to RFR and adverse
biological effects. Several in vitro studies have reported that RFR
induces various types of cancer and DNA or chromosomal damage. On the
other hand, some animal studies have not reported adverse effects of
this radiation. The present review summarizes information available on
the possible effects of RFR on the reproductive health.<br />
<br />
Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469375/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469375/ </a><br />
<br />
--</span></div>
<div class="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-svAbstract">
<div class="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-articleText">
<div class="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-articleText_indent">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Neurodevelopment for first 3 years following prenatal mobile phone use </b><b>and lead exposure</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Choi K, Ha M, Ha H, Park H, Kim Y, Hong Y, et al. Neurodevelopment for the first three years following
prenatal mobile phone use, radio frequency radiation and lead exposure.
Environmental Research, 156:810-817, July 2017.<br /><br /><b>Highlights</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">• RFR exposure was measured by mobile phone use questionnaire and 24-h personal exposure meter among pregnant women. </span></span></div>
<div class="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-articleText_indent">
<span style="font-family: arial;">• Child neurodevelopment was assessed by trained examiners at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age. </span></div>
<div class="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-articleText_indent">
<span style="font-family: arial;">• Associations were not observed between prenatal exposure to RFR and child neurodevelopment during the first three years. </span></div>
<div class="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-articleText_indent">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">• A potential combined effect of prenatal exposure to lead and mobile phone use was suggested.</span>
<br />
</span><dl class="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-listitem" id="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-list_li0005">
</dl>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />Background
Studies examining prenatal exposure to mobile phone use and its effect
on child neurodevelopment show different results, according to child's
developmental stages.<br /><br />Objectives To examine neurodevelopment in
children up to 36 months of age, following prenatal mobile phone use and
radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure, in relation to prenatal lead
exposure.<br /><br />Methods We analyzed 1198 mother-child pairs from a
prospective cohort study (the Mothers and Children's Environmental
Health Study). Questionnaires were provided to pregnant women at ≤20
weeks of gestation to assess mobile phone call frequency and duration. A
personal exposure meter (PEM) was used to measure RFR exposure for 24 h
in 210 pregnant women. Maternal blood lead level (BLL) was measured
during pregnancy. Child neurodevelopment was assessed using the Korean
version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Revised at 6, 12, 24,
and 36 months of age. Logistic regression analysis applied to groups
classified by trajectory analysis showing neurodevelopmental patterns
over time.<br /><br />Results The psychomotor development index (PDI) and
the mental development index (MDI) at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age
were not significantly associated with maternal mobile phone use during
pregnancy. However, among children exposed to high maternal BLL in
utero, there was a significantly increased risk of having a low PDI up
to 36 months of age, in relation to an increasing average calling time
(p-trend=0.008). There was also a risk of having decreasing MDI up to 36
months of age, in relation to an increasing average calling time or
frequency during pregnancy (p-trend=0.05 and 0.007 for time and
frequency, respectively). There was no significant association between
child neurodevelopment and prenatal RFR exposure measured by PEM in all
subjects or in groups stratified by maternal BLL during pregnancy.<br /><br />Conclusions
We found no association between prenatal exposure to RFR and child
neurodevelopment during the first three years of life; however, a
potential combined effect of prenatal exposure to lead and mobile phone
use was suggested.</span></div>
<div class="gmail-m_8992487021739301404gmail-m_-5204643566415796017gmail-m_4537510991163301481gmail-articleText_indent">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511138" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511138</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
--<br />
<br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems </b></span><b>in five birth cohorts</b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Birks L, Guxens M, Papadopoulou E, Alexander, Ballester F, Estarlich M et al. Maternal cell phone use during
pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. </span><span role="menubar" style="background-color: white;"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28392066#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom: 0px; color: #660066;" title="Environment international.">Environ Int.</a></span><span style="background-color: white;"> 2017 Jul;104:122-131. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.024. </span></span></span></div>
<div>
<i><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></i></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><i><b>"This is the largest study to date to
evaluate these associations and to show mostly consistent results across
cohorts with retrospectively and prospectively assessed maternal cell
phone use." </b></i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br />Highlights</b><br /><br />• Largest study to date to use prenatal cell phone use data collected prospectively.<br />• High prenatal cell phone use linked to hyperactivity/inattention problems in child.<br />• No prenatal cell phone use linked to low risk for any behavioral problems in child.<br />• Analysis adjusted for many confounders, but associations cannot be judged causal.<br />• Future research should adjust for parenting style, maternal hyperactivity, and more.<br /><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Abstract </b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Introduction
Previous studies have reported associations between prenatal cell phone
use and child behavioral problems, but findings have been inconsistent
and based on retrospective assessment of cell phone use. This study
aimed to assess this association in a multi-national analysis, using
data from three cohorts with prospective data on prenatal cell phone
use, together with previously published data from two cohorts with
retrospectively collected cell phone use data.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Methods We used
individual participant data from 83,884 mother-child pairs in the five
cohorts from Denmark (1996–2002), Korea (2006–2011), the Netherlands
(2003–2004), Norway (2004–2008), and Spain (2003–2008). We categorized
cell phone use into none, low, medium, and high, based on frequency of
calls during pregnancy reported by the mothers. Child behavioral
problems (reported by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire or Child Behavior Checklist) were classified in the
borderline/clinical and clinical ranges using validated cut-offs in
children aged 5–7 years. Cohort specific risk estimates were
meta-analyzed.<br /><br />Results Overall, 38.8% of mothers, mostly from the
Danish cohort, reported no cell phone use during pregnancy and these
mothers were less likely to have a child with overall behavioral,
hyperactivity/inattention or emotional problems. Evidence for a trend of
increasing risk of child behavioral problems through the maternal cell
phone use categories was observed for hyperactivity/inattention problems
(OR for problems in the clinical range: 1.11, 95% CI 1.01, 1.22; 1.28,
95% CI 1.12, 1.48, among children of medium and high users,
respectively). This association was fairly consistent across cohorts and
between cohorts with retrospectively and prospectively collected cell
phone use data.<br /><br />Conclusions Maternal cell phone use during
pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk for behavioral
problems, particularly hyperactivity/inattention problems, in the
offspring. The interpretation of these results is unclear as
uncontrolled confounding may influence both maternal cell phone use and
child behavioral problems.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper: </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506372/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506372/</a></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;">
--</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><b>A review on electromagnetic fields and the reproductive system</b></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Asghari
A, Khaki AA, Rajabzadeh A, Khaki A. A review on electromagnetic fields
(EMFs) and the reproductive system. Electron Physician. 2016 Jul
25;8(7):2655-62. doi: 10.19082/2655.<br /><br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />Environmental
factors, such as electromagnetic waves, induce biological and genetic
effects. One of the most important physiological systems involved with
electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is the genital system. This paper reviews
the effects of EMFs on human reproductive organs, female animals, fetus
development and the importance of two types of natural antioxidants,
i.e., vitamin E and fennel. The studies presented in this review
referred to the effects of different exposures to EMFs on the
reproductive system, and we tried to show the role of natural
antioxidants in reducingthe effects of the exposures. Many studies have
been done on the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic
waves on the cell line of spermatogenesis, sexual hormones, and the
structure of the testes. Also, about the hormonal cycle,
folliculogenesis and female infertility related to EMF have been given
more consideration. In particular, attention is directed to pregnant
women due to the importance of their fetuses. However, in addition to
the studies conducted on animals, further epidemiological research
should be conducted.<br /><br /><b> Conclusions</b><br /><br />Many studies have
shown that electromagnetic fields can have destructive effects on sex
hormones, gonadal function, fetal development, and pregnancy. So people
must be aware of the negative effects of EMFs. Although the impact of
the waves varied at different frequencies, it is better to stay as far
away as possible from their origin because of the risks associated with
exposures to these waves. In addition, people can use natural
antioxidants to help reduce the effects of these waves.<br /><b><br /></b>Open Access Paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014506/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p<wbr></wbr>mc/articles/PMC5014506/</a><b><br /></b></span><br />
--</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Recent studies that found adverse effects </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt;">from prenatal exposure to wireless radiation</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>(Updated: November 18, 2022)</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Humans</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">behavioral problems: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28392066" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28392066</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">behavioral problems: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21138897?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21138897</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">behavioral problems (lead interaction): </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555766" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555766</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">cognitive development: </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30096609" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/30096609</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">fetal growth: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32623065/&source=gmail&ust=1594421151096000&usg=AFQjCNH-UI53G7QqCvKmZuW6LhhXTBcmjA" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32623065/" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/32623065/</span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">headaches: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674098/pdf/nihms470908.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674098/pdf/nihms470908.pdf</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">hearing loss: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23574412" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23574412</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">miscarriage: <a href="http://bit.ly/1Iwye5z" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1Iwye5z</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">neurodevelopment (interaction w/ lead exposure): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511138" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511138</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">preterm birth: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23905441?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23905441</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">preterm birth: </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30995291" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/30995291</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">spontaneous abortion: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937931?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937931</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">spontaneous abortion: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25877464" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25877464</a></span><br />
<br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Rats</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">blood, brain & behavior: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288806" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288806</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">bone & muscle tissue: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26959616" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26959616</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32476377" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32476377</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604340?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604340</a></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23906636?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23906636</a><br />brain: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935717?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935717</a><br />brain: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22676902?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22676902</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27544572" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27544572</a> (DECT cordless phone)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain: </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32476377/" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32476377</span>/</a></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00162/full&source=gmail&ust=1594421151096000&usg=AFQjCNEdQRoZ-beZ5fl8n95E49u2IfMi_w" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00162/full" target="_blank">https://www.frontiersin.org/<wbr></wbr>articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.<wbr></wbr>00162/full</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">brain: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36374647/&source=gmail&ust=1668883601834000&usg=AOvVaw2EgaVNZ3Yq_T-dgefBRq89" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36374647/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/36374647/</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain & behavior: </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31927574" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31927574</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain & liver: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24580725?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24580725</a></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">cochlea: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24784924?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24784924</a><br />heart: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36383165/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36383165/</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">kidney: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084839?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084839</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">kidney: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26905323" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26905323</a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">liver: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26084117?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26084117</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">liver: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27427155" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27427155</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">liver: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31801129" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31801129</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">liver: <a href="https://actavet.vfu.cz/90/3/0315/">https://actavet.vfu.cz/90/3/0315/</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">low birth weight: </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30243215" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30243215</a> (NTP study)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">neurodevelopment:</span> <span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458069" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458069</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">neurodevelopment: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29397508" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29397508</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">neurodevelopment: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35112244/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35112244/</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ovarian reserve: <span id="goog_659249016"></span><span id="goog_659249017"></span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31820670" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31820670</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">testes: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24095929?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24095929</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">testes: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34854072/&source=gmail&ust=1638902119303000&usg=AOvVaw3QTjq1zbCLD21Btd4vXCCM" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34854072/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/34854072/</a><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Mice</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">behavior: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359903" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359903</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27787231" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27787231</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain & behavior: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428084" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428084</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> (Yale study)</span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">cerebellum, hippocampus, heart, kidney & liver: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28434276" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28434276</a></span></span><br />
<br />
<b>Chicks</b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">brain & behavior: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4902983/" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4902983/</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">cardiovascular: <a href="https://www.isisn.org/BR17(1)2020/383-398-17(1)2020BR20-34.pdf">https://www.isisn.org/BR17(1)2020/383-398-17(1)2020BR20-34.pdf</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">kidneys: <span class="authorName"><a href="https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2022/58391.16862">https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2022/58391.16862</a></span><br /><br /><b>Rabbits</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">blood: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23526187?dopt=Abstract" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23526187</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">metabolic activity: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35904122/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35904122/</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Frogs</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">behavior: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27017260" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27017260</a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Zebrafish</b></span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sensorimotor function: <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0235869" target="_blank">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0235869</a></span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br />--<br /></span>
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Feb 9, 2016</b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">French cell phone manufacturer warns pregnant women and teens</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">about cell phone radiation</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The French phone manufacturer WIKO states in their manual for the Pulp 4G smartphone (pp. 21-22):</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<br />
</span><div style="margin-left: 40px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"The maximum SAR value tested on this device when used in its normal position at the ear is 0.114 W/kg and 0.387 W/kg when used close to the body, at a minimum distance of 1.5 cm. It complies with the rules on exposure to radio frequencies when used in its normal position at the ear or at a minimum distance of 1.5 cm from the body. The device uses a high-quality network connection for transmitting files, data and messages. On occasion, the transmission of files or messages may be delayed until the connection is available. When this is the case, be sure to follow the instructions regarding the separation distance for establishing the transmission. If you use a case, belt-clip or holder for carrying the phone, it must not contain any metal and should be kept at a minimum distance of 1.5 cm from your body.<br /><br />*The SAR limit for mobile devices is 2.0 watts / kilogram (W/kg) averaged over ten grams of body tissue. SAR values may vary according to the standards for reporting information that are in force in different countries. [My note: This standard is used in France and many other countries. In the U.S. the limit is 1.6 watts / kilogram averaged over one gram of body tissue.]<br /><br />Tips for Reducing Exposure Levels<br /><br />We recommend that you use your phone in good reception conditions in order to reduce the amount of radiation received. It is advisable to limit the amount of time you use the phone in underground car parks and when travelling by car or train, etc.<br /><br />Reception conditions are indicated by the bars that are displayed on your phone: the more bars there are, the better the reception quality.<br /><br />We recommend that you use the hands-free kit to reduce exposure to radiation.<br /><br /><b>To reduce the adverse effects of prolonged radiation exposure, we advise teenagers to hold the phone away from their lower abdomen, and that pregnant women hold the phone at a distance from their stomach."</b><a href="http://data.wikomobile.com/documents/fichiers/f404d5a6f9dbd799184f05010cac9cd2.pdf#page=21" target="_blank">http://data.wikomobile.com/<wbr></wbr>documents/fichiers/<wbr></wbr>f404d5a6f9dbd799184f05010cac9c<wbr></wbr>d2.pdf#page=21</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>--<br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>July 1, 2015</b></span><br />
<br />
</span><div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Doctors Caution <span class="il">Pregnant</span> Women About Wireless Radiation Health Risks</span></b></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Over one hundred medical doctors and
scientific experts from around the world agree: the risks of exposure to
RF radiation from wireless devices for <span class="il">pregnant</span> women and their unborn
children are real, and women have a Right To Know.</span></i><br />
<i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></i>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">NEW YORK, July 1, 2015 /PRNewswire/
-- More than one hundred medical doctors, scientists and public health
experts from around the world have signed a <a href="http://www.babysafeproject.org/the-joint-statement/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Joint Statement</b></a>
advising <span class="il">pregnant</span> women to take simple precautions to protect
themselves and their babies from wireless radiation. The Statement is
part of a national right-to-know campaign called the<b> <a href="http://www.babysafeproject.org/" target="_blank">BabySafe Project</a> </b>created by two non-profit organizations to inform <span class="il">pregnant</span> women about the issue.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"<i>The wireless world may be convenient, but it's not without risks,</i>" says Patricia Wood, Executive Director of Grassroots Environmental Education and co-creator of the BabySafe Project. "<i>When
more than one hundred of the world's leading medical doctors and
researchers on wireless radiation say we have enough evidence for women
to take protective action, we think women should know about it.</i>"</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The
project is based on recent scientific studies suggesting that radiation
from wireless devices is capable of interfering with the tiny
electrical impulses that help synapses connect in a developing brain.
Researchers at Yale University have been able to demonstrate that the brains of laboratory mice exposed to pulsed radio frequency radiation <i>in </i><i>utero </i>were
wired differently from those of the mice who were not exposed,
resulting in behavioral differences that include poorer memory and
symptoms that resemble ADHD in children.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The <a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120315/srep00312/full/srep00312.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Yale study</b></a>
builds on more than twenty years of research and hundreds of
independent, peer-reviewed studies showing that exposure to radiation
from wireless devices can have non-thermal, biological effects on
humans, including DNA strand breaks and other impacts not previously
known. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The authors of many of those studies are among those calling for
precautions.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"<i>The fetus is perhaps the most vulnerable to these types of
insults, when the brain is just forming, when all of the organ systems
are just beginning to develop</i>," says Dr. Hugh Taylor, Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Professor of Women's Health at Yale University, and lead author of the study. "<i>There's essentially no downside to being cautious and protecting your baby. Why not do it?</i>"</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">SOURCE Grassroots Environmental Education</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<a href="http://bit.ly/1GMY4Nk" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">http://bit.ly/1GMY4Nk</span></a><br />
<br />--<br /><br />
<b style="font-size: 12pt;">June 3, 2014</b><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">The following joint
statement on pregnancy and wireless radiation is part of the Baby Safe
Project, a new public awareness initiative designed to inform women
about the links between pregnancy and wireless radiation. The statement was signed by 44 physicians and scientists from 13 nations, and by 13 educators who have studied wireless radiation health effects.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
The project is a joint initiative of two environmental health non-profit organizations: <a href="http://www.grassrootsinfo.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Grassroots Environmental Education</span></a> and <a href="http://ehtrust.org/"><span style="color: blue;">Environmental Health Trust</span></a>.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
A video of the press conference that launched the Baby Safe Project and supplementary resources are available
at <a href="http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F1kqJUur&h=XAQERx9FM&s=1"><span style="color: blue;">http://bit.ly/1kqJUur</span></a>/. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dr. Hugh Taylor from the Yale University School of Medicine, Dr. Devra Davis from the Environmental Health Trust, and </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;">Dr. Maya Shetreat-Klein, a pediatric neurologist who treats autistic children, made presentations at the press conference and answered questions from journalists.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dr. Taylor discussed his peer-reviewed, experimental research on pregnant mice that were exposed to cell phone radiation. In his study prenatal exposure to cell phone radiation resulted in decreased memory and increased hyperactivity in the offspring. A dose-response relationship was observed between the amount of fetal exposure to cell phone radiation and altered brain activity in the offspring. Dr. Taylor recommends that pregnant women limit their exposure to cell phone radiation.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dr. Davis discussed the history of tobacco and asbestos in the U.S. to argue for a precautionary approach to reducing risks from "possibly carcinogenic" environmental exposures like wireless radiation (as determined by the World Health Organization). She summarized peer-reviewed, experimental research on </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;">prenatal exposure to microwave radiation conducted by Dr</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">. Nesrin Seyhan which found DNA damage in mice and by Dr. Suleyman Kaplan which found damage to brain cells in the hippocampus as well as adverse behavioral effects in the offspring. Dr. Davis provided recommendations on how to reduce exposure to cell phone and Wi-Fi radiation.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dr. Shetreat-Klein discussed peer-reviewed observational research that found prenatal exposure to wireless radiation associated with adverse behavioral changes in children. She advises pregnant women to keep cell phones away from their bodies.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">In response to audience questions, Dr. Davis discussed the need for research funding. She mentioned that the Environmental Health Trust and Dr. Joel Moskowitz at Berkeley are calling for an annual, one dollar fee per cell phone to be devoted to training and research on wireless radiation and health. Dr. Taylor reported that his patients appreciate receiving precautionary information regarding the need to reduce exposure to wireless radiation during pregnancy. Dr. Davis discussed recommendations from the U.S. General Accountability Office and the American Academy of Pediatrics that call on the FCC to test cell phones in a realistic manner. Finally, Dr. Davis discussed the potential product liability faced by the cell phone industry due to adverse health impacts, an issue which she addressed in her book on cell phone radiation, </span><b style="font-size: 12pt;"><i>Disconnect</i></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span><br />
<br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Joint Statement on
Pregnancy and Wireless Radiation</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">We join together as
physicians, scientists and educators to express our concern about the risk that
wireless radiation poses to pregnancy and to urge pregnant women to limit their
exposures.<br />
<br />
We recognize that the exquisitely delicate systems that direct the development
of human life are vulnerable to environmental insults, and that even minute
exposures during critical windows of development may have serious and life-long
consequences.<br />
<br />
We know that the scientific process demands a thorough and exhaustive examination
of the possible impact of wireless radiation on health; however, we believe
substantial evidence of risk, rather than absolute proof of harm, must be the
trigger for action to protect public health.<br />
<br />
We call on the research community to conduct more studies to identify the
mechanisms by which a fetus could be affected by wireless radiation exposures.
We call on our elected leaders to support such research and to advance policies
and regulations that limit exposures for pregnant women. We call on industry to
implement and explore technologies and designs that will reduce radiation
exposures until such research is carried out.<br />
<br />
We affirm our role as health and science professionals to inform the public
about the potential dangers associated with early-life exposures to wireless
radiation, and invite all professionals engaged in obstetric, pediatric, and
environmental health advocacy to join us in our quest to ensure the safety and
health of future generations.<br />
<b><br />
Signatories </b>(Affiliations listed for identification purposes
only)<b><br />
<br />
Mikko Ahonen, PhD,</b> University of Tampere, Finland<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Jennifer Armstrong, MD, </b>Ottawa Environmental Health</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Martin Blank, PhD, </b>Associate Professor of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>David Brown, PhD,</b> Public Health Toxicologist, Environment and Human Health, Inc.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Lois Brustman, MD,</b> Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist, St. Luke's - Roosevelt Hospital Center</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Sheila Bushkin-Bedient, MD,</b> Concerned Health Professionals of New York</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">David Carpenter, MD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> School of Public Health, University at
Albany<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Richard Clapp, DSc, MPH,</b> Professor Emeritus of Environmental Health, Boston University</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Devra Davis, PhD, MPH,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Visiting Scholar, University of California
at Berkeley<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Alvaro Augusto de
Salles, PhD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Federal University
of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Larysa Dyrszka, MD,</b> Pediatrician, New York</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Dr. Elizabeth Evans, MA, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">(Cantab) MBBS (London), DRCOG, UK<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Beatrice Golomb, MD,
PhD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Professor of
Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Oleg Gregoriev, DrSc, PhD,</b> Chairman, Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Magda Havas, PhD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Associate Professor of Environmental
& Resource Studies, Trent University, Ontario, Canada<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Gunnar Heuser, MD,</b> University of California at Los Angeles (retired)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Olle Johansson, PhD</b>, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Sweden</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Cynthia Johnson-McKay, MD,</b> Columbia University</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Süleyman Kaplan,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> <b>PhD</b>, Ondokuz Mayıs University,
Samsun, Turkey<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Henry Lai, PhD, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Bioelectromagnetics Research Laboratory,
University of Washington<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Michael Lerner, PhD, </b>President, Commonweal</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Luana Licata, PhD</b>, University of Rome Tor Vergata</span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Don Maisch, PhD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> www.emfacts.com, Australia<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Asish Mehta, MD, MCh, DNB,</b> Neurological Surgeon Mumbai, India</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Anthony Miller, MD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> School of Public Health, University of
Toronto, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Joel Moskowitz, PhD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> School of Public Health, University of
California at Berkeley<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Hildor Palsdottir, PhD</b>, School of Medicine, New York University</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Janet Perlman, MD, MPH, </b>University of California at Berkeley</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Rachel Naomi Remen, MD,</b> School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Lisa Ridgway, MD,</b> Pediatrician</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Aviva Romm, MD,</b> Family Physician, Boston</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Annie Sasco</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">, <b>MD, DrPH</b>, University of Bordeaux,
France<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Stephen Sinatra, MD</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">, FACC, CNS, CBT<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Maya Shetreat-Klein, MD,</b> Pediatric Neurologist, Bronx, New York</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Colin L. Soskolne, PhD,</b> University of Canberra, Australia</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Ken Spaeth, MD, MPH,</b> Hofstra University, North Shore--LIJ Health System</span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Yael Stein, MD, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Hebrew University – Hadassah Medical Center,
Jerusalem, Israel</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Anne Steinemann, PhD, </b>University of California at San Diego</span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Hugh Taylor, MD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Yale-New Haven Hospital<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Leonardo Trasande, MD,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Institute of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Lucy Waletzky, MD, </b>Psychiatrist, Sleepy Hollow, New York</span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">John Wargo, PhD, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Professor of Risk Analysis, Environmental
Policy, and Political Science, Yale University<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>John West, MD, </b>Surgeon, RadNet</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Jingduan Yang, MD, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine at
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
Wafaa Aborashed,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Bay Area Healthy 880 Communities<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Nancy Alderman,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Environment and Human Health, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Mary Beth Brangan &
James Heddle,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Ecological Options Network (EON)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Giorgio
Cinciripini, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Italian
Network of No-Electrosmog NGOs<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Frank Clegg,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Canadians For Safe Technology<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Desiree Jaworski, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Center for Safer
Wireless<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">B. Blake Levitt,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> former <i>New York Times</i> contributor,
medical/science journalist, author<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Ellen Marks, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">California Brain Tumor Association<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">L. Lloyd Morgan,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Environmental
Health Trust<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Janet Newton, </span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">EMRadiation Institute</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Camilla Rees, MBA</b>, ElectromagneticHealth.org</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Cindy Sage, MA,</span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Sage
Associates; Co-Editor, <o:p></o:p></span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px;">BioInitiative 2012 Report</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">--</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt;">For more information
about wireless radiation reproductive health effects and effects on children</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Baby Safe Project. "What You Need to Know about Wireless Radiation and Your Baby"</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/babysafetips" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/babysafetips</a></span><br />
<br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt;">The Baby Safe Project<br />
<a href="http://bit.ly/1rDKjiq" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://bit.ly/1rDKjiq</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Environmental Health
Trust<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://bit.ly/1kjkaRP" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1kjkaRP</a></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Electromagnetic
Radiation Safety</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/09/effect-of-mobile-phones-on-sperm.html">http://www.saferemr.com/2015/09/effect-of-mobile-phones-on-sperm.html</a></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Physicians for Safe Technology</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><a href="https://mdsafetech.org/baby-safe/" target="_blank">https://mdsafetech.org/baby-safe/</a><br />
<br />
<b style="font-size: 12pt;">Related news releases from Electromagnetic Radiation Safety</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br />
Cell Phone Use and Prenatal Exposure to Cell Phone Radiation May Cause
Headaches in Children<br />
<a href="http://www.prlog.org/12269207" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.prlog.org/12269207</span></a><br />
<br /><span style="font-size: small;">
Children's Cell Phone Use May Increase Their Risk of ADHD</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.prlog.org/12110138" target="_blank">http://www.prlog.org/12110138</a></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">MOBI-KIDS: Childhood Brain Tumor Risk & Mobile Phone Use Study</span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/05/mobi-kids-childhood-brain-tumor-risk.html" target="_blank">http://www.saferemr.com/2013/05/mobi-kids-childhood-brain-tumor-risk.html</a></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Media: Children's Cell Phone Use<br /><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/01/media-coverage-childrens-cell-phone.html" target="_blank">http://www.saferemr.com/2013/01/media-coverage-childrens-cell-phone.html</a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">
<br />
Cell Phone Radiation, Pregnancy, and Sperm<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.prlog.org/12026867" target="_blank">http://www.prlog.org/12026867</a></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Cell Phone Radiation Damages Sperm<br />
<a href="http://www.prlog.org/11911996" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.prlog.org/11911996</span></a><br />
<br />
Magnetic Field Exposure Before Birth May Contribute to Childhood Obesity<br />
<a href="http://www.prlog.org/11936095" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.prlog.org/1193609</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Belgium Adopts New
Regulations to Promote Cell Phone Radiation Safety<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.prlog.org/12231532" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.prlog.org/12231532</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
French Health Agency Recommends Children and Vulnerable Groups Reduce Cell
Phone Radiation Exposure<br />
<a href="http://www.prlog.org/12226630" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.prlog.org/12226630</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-45102937477648957162023-11-30T10:24:00.000-08:002023-11-30T13:52:32.245-08:00Mobilize: A Film About Cell Phone Radiation<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidaL2O7MPhk2v6v90l_MbBLH7k3uxhWJMa108PnkVKibdyO0j64BXA7YZMnZG3isdY8p4g63JqL1mjabWhUGzEOmqlPS-naA6VsmeprIfxCR6nt09zYR8nwNpYJ_3hvPH_utCsjA3OoSk/s1600/mobilize+DVD.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="309" data-original-width="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidaL2O7MPhk2v6v90l_MbBLH7k3uxhWJMa108PnkVKibdyO0j64BXA7YZMnZG3isdY8p4g63JqL1mjabWhUGzEOmqlPS-naA6VsmeprIfxCR6nt09zYR8nwNpYJ_3hvPH_utCsjA3OoSk/s1600/mobilize+DVD.JPG" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="font-style: italic;">Mobilize: A Film About Cell Phone Radiation </b>is a </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">feature-length documentary that explores the long-term
health effects from cell phone radiation including cancer and
infertility. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The
film examines scientific research,
follows state and national legislative efforts, and illuminates the
influence that
technology companies have on public health. </span><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-style: italic;">Mobilize</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> features interviews with scientists, doctors, politicians, cancer patients, and technology experts. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The film was selected as
the best documentary film at the California Independent Film Festival in
2014.</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div></div><div>
<div class="gmail_default"><span face="arial,sans-serif" id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-description-inline-expander"><span role="text"><span style="color: #131313;"></span></span><div>
<span id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-structured-description"><div id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-items">
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Release date: <span style="font-weight: normal;">2014</span><div id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-content">
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Running time: <span style="font-weight: normal;">1:23:22</span></h4></span></div></div><div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></div><div>
<b>Cast: </b>Steve Aoki, Andrea Boland, Richard Branson, Otis Brawley, George W.
Bush, David Carpenter, Raffi Cavoukian, Bill Clinton, Hilary Clinton,
Steven Colbert, Anderson Cooper, Devra Davis, Cameron Diaz, Lady
Gaga, Stanton Glantz, Al Gore, Janet Jackson, Steve Jobs, David Katz,
Lenny Kravitz, Dennis Kucinich, Kevin Kunze, Mark Leno, Lawrence Lessig,
Adam Levine, Eva Longoria, Eric Mar, Joel Moskowitz, Robert Nagourney,
Gavin Newsom, Conan O'Brien, Barack Obama, Gwyneth Paltrow, Sarah
Jessica Parker, Brad Pitt, Debbie Raphael, Jonathan Samet, Diane Sawyer,
David Servan-Schreiber, Renee Sharp, Joe Simitian, Shepard Smith, Tony
Strickland, Hugh Taylor, Ali Velshi, John Walls, Josh Wolf, Steve
Wozniak, Ye, Leland Yee <br /></div><div></div><div>
<span face="arial,sans-serif"><h4 id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-title">Director: <span style="font-weight: normal;">Kevin Kunze</span>
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<div id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-content"></div></h4><h4 id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-title"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h4><h4 id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-title"><div id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-content"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b>Producers:</b> </span>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Amir Zeev Kovacs, Kevin Kunze, Ellie Marks, Devra Davis, Joel Moskowitz</span>
</div></h4></span><span face="arial,sans-serif">
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</div>
</span><span face="arial,sans-serif"><h4 id="m_3871477741490248356m_6495017428129384373m_-2198412801148614422gmail-title">
Writer: <span style="font-weight: normal;">Kevin Kunze</span></h4><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">The film can be streamed for <b>free</b> via Bitchute: <b><a href="https://www.bitchute.com/video/sh14sQ4ASydK/" target="_blank">https://www.bitchute.com/video/sh14sQ4ASydK/</a></b></span></span></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The film can be rented for $1.99 or purchased for $7.99 on Amazon Prime: </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B07M639C2B" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B07M639C2B</b></span></a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. </span></div></span></div></div>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The DVD can be purchased through Amazon: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00M58FRQM/" target="_blank"><b>https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00M58FRQM/</b></a>.</span><br /><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />--<br /><br />KPFA Interview </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">of Joel Moskowitz </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">about Mobilize on September 11, 2014. <b> </b></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgde8u9mBmw" target="_blank"><b>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgde8u9mBmw</b></a><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">KALW panel on Mobilize, Joel Moskowitz and Kevin Kunze. September 16, 2014. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01YB1ShpNWY" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01YB1ShpNWY</a></b></span><br />
<br /></span><i style="font-family: arial;"><b>Note: I have no financial interest in the film.</b></i><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>Movie reviews</b></span></div>
<div class="entry-content">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Mobilize: A Film about Cell Phone Radiation</b></span></blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDNh74DEskACaNBUFWxe08DspdMnvgZWwDo2iBFe-3qgkuU1uvz-w0srLnoKdGHv6Vy8kEsCFEXlCfG2KV8Gd4CHTD0YZt_78lqAxtmEMP_VnH3tLprSH48aHRO8Zv8FQii2YGYTdV-e8/s1600/recommended+graphic.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="25" data-original-width="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDNh74DEskACaNBUFWxe08DspdMnvgZWwDo2iBFe-3qgkuU1uvz-w0srLnoKdGHv6Vy8kEsCFEXlCfG2KV8Gd4CHTD0YZt_78lqAxtmEMP_VnH3tLprSH48aHRO8Zv8FQii2YGYTdV-e8/s1600/recommended+graphic.JPG" /></span></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Distributed by TDC Entertainment, 220 East 23rd St., Suite 405, New York, NY 10010</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">
Produced by Devra Davis, Ellen Marks, and Joel Moskowitz<br />
Directed by Kevin Kunze<br />
DVD, color, 88 min.<br /><br />General Adult<br />
Health Care, Public Health, Sociology, Psychology, Telecommunications<br /><strong><br /> </strong>Reviewed by Rodney Birch, Reference Librarian, George Fox University</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Mobilize investigates the claims around the question of whether the
radiation from cell phones is harmful to human health. While the
question dates back to the early 1990s, it has been revived as a result
of the World Health Organization has stated that, “the electromagnetic
fields produced by mobile phones are . . . possibly carcinogenic to
humans,” as well as an increasing number of scientific studies showing
the effects of cell phone radiation on human health, personal claims,
and our increasing dependence on these personal communication devices.
The producers go beyond the hype to get to the root of the issue, often
exposing inconsistencies in statements by the cell phone industry
regarding the current research, and statements made by the Federal
Communications Commission and public health organizations. The producers
process the information gained through scientific research,
Congressional Hearings, and interviews with cell phone industry
executives, politicians, public health professionals, and other
individuals to provide a balanced and thorough discussion and
investigation. Other countries have created legislation around the public health concerns related to the radiation from cell phones. The
producers of the film claim the U.S. is slower to adopt such legislation
due to the lobbying efforts of the cell phone industry. One of the few
cases mentioned is when the city of San Francisco adopted a policy
regarding the health concern of cell phone radiation, the cell phone
industry filed a lawsuit against the city. <b>This film would be a useful
resource for persons exploring the impact of technology on health and
behavior, including sociology, psychology, health care and public
health</b>. <a href="http://emro.lib.buffalo.edu/record/index.html?id=5807" target="_blank">http://emro.lib.buffalo.edu/record/index.html?id=5807</a></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>Mobilize</i></b> 3 1/2 stars (2014) 84 min. DVD: $19.98. ISBN: 978-1-939517-25-8. </span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">What are the long-term health consequences from daily use of cellular phones? No one really knows, since widespread cell phone use is fairly new. Still, filmmaker Kevin Kunze’s documentary Mobilize makes a strong case that persuasive evidence has emerged regarding the potential for damage to the human body through heavy cell phone usage. Buried in the fine print of the manuals that accompany new cell phones are warnings about keeping the devices a short distance from a user’s head. But studies outlined here make it clear that such precautions aren’t enough: radiation from phones causes heat that, over time, can injure the brain, while a phone’s constant radio interactions with mobile device towers can alter brain chemistry. The problems don’t end there: cell phones carry a potential threat to pregnant women and their babies, and have been linked to cancer, low sperm count, and attention deficit disorder (the industry is also marketing to toddlers, assuring that future generations will be exposed to this radiation). Despite the concerns, Mobilize illustrates how the lobbying and legal powers of the telecommunications industry have been able to shut down any legislative or judicial attempts to curb emissions (or even educate consumers). <b>An alarming documentary with unquestionably controversial findings, this is highly recommended.</b> Aud: C, P. (T. Keogh)</span></blockquote>
<br /><br /></div>
</div>Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-24449701421899211882023-11-07T07:30:00.005-08:002023-11-08T11:36:57.095-08:00Female Infertility & Cell Phone Radiation<div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Although
we have considerable evidence that cell phone radiation
damages sperm and is associated with male infertility, little attention
has been paid to studying the effects of cell phone radiation on female
infertility.* </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A study by Courtney Lynch and her
colleagues found for women trying to get pregnant that stress as
measured by the alpha-amylase levels in their saliva predicted whether
they were successful. The researchers found that
women with the highest levels of this enzyme in their saliva had a 29
percent lower
probability of pregnancy compared to those with the lowest levels. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Although this study did not examine electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">earlier research published by Christoph Augner and his colleagues found that people who lived within 100 meters of cell phone towers had
greater salivary alpha-amylase levels. In an experimental study,
the researchers found that exposure to higher levels of GSM cell tower radiation
increased the levels of this salivary enzyme. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In a 2013 review paper, Nazıroğlu and colleagues examined
research on the effects of Wi-Fi and mobile phone radiation on
reproductive signaling pathways. They reported that this radiation is related
to "oxidative stress and overproduction of free oxygen radicals in
female and male infertility." The authors concluded that "the role of
EMR from mobile phones and wireless devices in female and male fertility
should be investigated."</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A 2023 systematic review and meta-analysis of six studies found t</span></span><span face="tahoma, sans-serif">hat the risk of miscarriage was 1.69 times higher in pregnant women who were </span><span>exposed to "high levels" of powerline and/or radio frequency EMF </span><span face="tahoma, sans-serif">than the risk for those not exposed to higher levels of EMF.</span></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>References</b><b style="font-size: x-large;"> </b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(Last update: 11/7/2023)</span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div><br /></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b>Electromagnetic Field
Exposure and (Spontaneous) Abortion in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis </b><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">
Irani M, Aradmehr M, Ghorbani M, Baghani R. Electromagnetic Field
Exposure and Abortion in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis. <i>Malays J Med Sci</i>. 2023;30(5):70-80. doi:10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.6 <br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Abstract</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">
<h2 class="gmail-head gmail-no_bottom_margin gmail-ui-helper-clearfix" id="gmail-abstract-a.k.b.rtitle"></h2><div><p class="gmail-p gmail-p-first-last">This
study examined the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF)
on pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. We performed a systematic
search for relevant studies published to August 2021 in the medical
databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and
Cochrane Library. The following key terms were used: ‘electromagnetic
field,’ ‘mobile phones,’ ‘mobile phone base stations,’ ‘watching TV,’
‘using Internet,’ ‘miscarriage,’ ‘abortions,’ ‘spontaneous abortion,’
‘early abortion’ and ‘late abortion’. All case–control and cohort
studies that investigated the effect of EMF exposure on the risk of
miscarriage were included without any restriction of language or time.
Statistical analyses were done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis
software (version 2.0). A random-effects model was performed to
calculate the overall effect size. A primary search revealed a total of
982 relevant studies; six articles (<em>N</em> = 3,187 participants) met
the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The results of the
random-effects meta-analysis indicated that EMF exposure had a
significant effect on miscarriage: rate ratio (RR) = 1.699; 95%
confidence interval (CI): 1.121, 2.363 (<em>P</em> < 0.001); and heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>) = 84.55% (<em>P</em>
< 0.001). The findings showed that pregnant women who were exposed
to high levels of EMF had an increased risk of miscarriage.</p><p class="gmail-p gmail-p-first-last">Excerpts</p><p class="gmail-p gmail-p-first-last">
</p>This systematic review and meta-analysis study was performed to investigate the effects that exposure to EMF during pregnancy had on the risk of spontaneous abortion. Six articles were included in the meta-analysis; five studies confirmed the effect of exposure to electromagnetic waves on spontaneous abortion (25–30). The study by Abad et al. (27) indicated that, although women who were exposed to significant levels of electromagnetic waves had a high risk of miscarriage, the relationship was not confirmed by the Wald test. The lack of evidence may have been related to the small sample size of the study (27).<br /><br />The present meta-analysis study showed that the risk of miscarriage in pregnant women who were exposed to EMF was 1.69 times higher than the risk for women who were not exposed. Ebadi et al. (31) showed that there was a significant relationship between exposure to low-frequency EMF (i.e. 3 Hz–3000 Hz) generated from sources in the home and the risk of miscarriage in pregnant women at < 14 weeks gestation. The researchers also found that the duration of mobile phone use during the day and the intervals between mobile phone use were associated with the risk of miscarriage (31).<br /><br />... Different studies have reported conflicting results in terms of the duration of exposure and the risk of abortion. For example, Li et al. (28) found strong evidence that exposure to a magnetic field over 16 mG may be associated with a risk of miscarriage. Their study showed that the RR associated with a magnetic field exposure of 16 mG was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.0). The researchers also showed that the risk of miscarriage from exposure to magnetic waves was greater in early pregnancy (< 10 weeks) because the foetus was more sensitive to environmental factors (28).<br /><br />In their case–control study, Lee et al. (29) found that exposure to high and frequent magnetic fields increased the risk of abortion in pregnant women enrolled in a medical care system in Northern California. The researchers stated that the risk of abortion increased with exposures above the 50th percentile level in the environment (29). In another study, researchers looked at mobile phone use and the risk of abortion in two groups of women: the case group of women had a spontaneous abortion at < 14 weeks and the control group of women were > 14 weeks gestation. They found that the average duration of mobile phone contact during the day, the location of the phone when not in use, the use of the phone for other applications, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the mean effective SAR were significantly different between the two groups (26).<p class="gmail-p gmail-p-first-last"></p><p class="gmail-p gmail-p-first-last"></p></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: tahoma, sans-serif;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624444/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624444/</a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>--</div><div><br /><div class="gmail_quote"><b>The role of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on female fertility: A review</b><br /><br />Pooja Jangid, Umesh Rai, Radhey Shyam Sharma, Rajeev Singh.
The role of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on female fertility: A review.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2022 Feb 8;1-16. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2030676.
<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />With increasing technological developments, exposure to non-ionizing radiation has become unavoidable as people cannot escape from electromagnetic field sources, such as Wi-Fi, electric wires, microwave oven, radio, telecommunication, bluetooth devices, etc. These radiations can be associated with increased health problems of the users. This review aims to determine the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations on female fertility. To date, several in vitro and in vivo studies unveiled that exposure to non-ionizing radiations brings about harmful effects on oocytes, ovarian follicles, endometrial tissue, estrous cycle, reproductive endocrine hormones, developing embryo, and fetal development in animal models. Non-ionizing radiation also upsurges the free radical load in the uterus and ovary, which leads to inhibition of cell growth and DNA disruptions. In conclusion, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation can cause alterations in both germ cells as well as in their nourishing environment and also affect other female reproductive parameters that might lead to infertility.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">Conclusion<p>According to
the findings of this review, it can be concluded that non-ionizing EMRs
radiated from cell phones, laptops, bluetooth devices, microwave ovens,
or wireless networks might have detrimental effects on female fertility.
Non-ionizing radiation can have destructive effects on ovary and
uterus, affecting several reproduction parameters in females, such as
folliculogenesis, oocyte morphology, and differentiation, hormones,
reproductive cycle, and could lead to DNA damage. These effects may lead
to subfertility and infertility due to increased free radical load and
oxidative stress in the ovaries and uterus generated by these
radiations. However, the effect of non-ionizing radiation on human
gamete vis-à-vis female fertility is still poorly understood. Also, the
findings of a whole-body EMR exposure in the same animal do not
anticipate the results of a local EMR exposure. As a result, the
outcomes of whole-body EMR exposure in animals cannot be directly
compared to the outcomes of local EMR exposure in humans while using
cell phones. Unfortunately, specific frequency and SAR value that causes
impairment in the reproductive parameters and the exact mechanism of
EMR action are not known so far. Moreover, further investigations are
required to elucidate the role of EMR from mobile phones, Wi-Fi, and
other devices in female fertility. Lastly, it is the need of the hour to
understand the exact mechanism of EMR action on female fertility,
establish safe exposure limits, and overcome the radiation effects.</p><div class="gmail_quote"><p></p>
</div><div class="gmail_quote"></div><div class="gmail_quote"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35132884/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.<wbr></wbr>gov/35132884/</a></div><p>--</p></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote">Nargess Moghadasi, Iraj Alimohammadi, Ali Safari Variani, Azadeh Ashtarinezhad.
The Effect of Mobile Radiation on the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Pregnant Mice.
J Family Reprod Health. 2021 Sep;15(3):172-178. doi: 10.18502/jfrh.v15i3.7134.</div><div class="gmail_quote" style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.333; margin-bottom: 8px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">Abstract</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br />Objective: Due to the growing use of
communication instruments such as cell phones and wireless devices,
there is growing public concern about possible harmful effects,
especially in sensitive groups such as pregnant women. This study aimed
to investigate the oxidative stress induced by exposure to 900 MHz
mobile phone radiation and the effect of vitamin C intake on reducing
possible changes in pregnant mice.<br /><br />Materials and methods:
Twenty-one pregnant mice were divided into three groups (control, mobile
radiation-exposed, and mobile radiation plus with vitamin C intake
co-exposed (200 mg /kg)). The mice in exposure groups were exposed to
900 MHz, 2 watts, and a power density of 0.045 μw /cm2 mobile radiation
for eight hours/day for ten consecutive days. After five days of rest,
MDA (Malondialdehyde), 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine), and TAC
(Total Antioxidant Capacity) levels were measured in the blood of
animals. The results were analyzed by SPSS.22.0 software.<br /><br />Results:
The results showed that exposure to mobile radiation increased MDA
(P=0.002), and 8-OHdG (P=0.001) significantly and decreased Total
Antioxidant Capacity in the exposed groups (P=0.001). Taking vitamin C
inhibited the significant increase in MDA and 8-OHdG levels in exposed
groups.<br /><br />Conclusion: Although exposure to mobile radiation can
cause oxidative stress in the blood of pregnant mice, vitamin C as an
antioxidant can prevent it.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br /></div><div class="gmail_quote">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8536820/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8536820/</a></div></div><div><br /></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Fatehi D, Anjomshoa M, Mohammadi M, Seify M, Rostamzadeh A. Biological effects of cell-phone radiofrequency waves exposure on fertilization in mice; an in vivo and in vitro study. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 23(2):148-153. June 2018.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Increasing use of cell-phone is one of the most important risk factors for population health. We designed an experimental study aimed at evaluating the effects of cell-phone radiofrequency (RF) waves exposure on fertilization in mice. Two hundred male and female NMRI-mice were used. One hundred males divided in five groups (n = 20) as control and exposed groups. Those irradiated with cell-phone RF in “Standby-mode” 1, 5 and 10 h daily named groups II, III and IV; respectively. Group V irradiated with cell-phone on “Active-mode” one hour daily. After 30 days irradiation, 50 males and 50 females were kept 24 h to assess their embryos. Fifty males were scarified to evaluate both in vitro and in vivo parameters, and 50 females received PMSG & HCG for both quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Comparing groups III, IV and V with control-group showed significantly decreased in the number of two-cell embryos (p = .000); however, a significant increase was found in the number of dead embryos (p = .000). Furthermore, 5 h daily irradiation significantly decreased grade-A embryos (p = .015); while, it significantly increased grade-B, C and D embryos (p-values = 0.026, 0.007, 0.006; respectively). Moreover, comparing groups IV and V to control-group, significant increase was found in pregnancy duration (p = .005, p = .009; respectively). However, in the mentioned groups a significant decrease was seen in number of newborn mice (p = .001, p = .004; respectively). In conclusion our findings showed that the cell-phone radiation can affect development of embryos as well as the number of newborn and pregnancy duration in NMRI-mouse, which might be a significant cause of reproductive failure.</span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110569017301875" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110569017301875</a></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">--</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Shasin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. Mobile Phone (1800MHz) Radiation Impairs
Female Reproduction in
Mice, Mus musculus, through Stress Induced Inhibition of Ovarian and
Uterine Activity. Reprod Toxicol. 2017 Aug 2.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="gmail-abstract-text gmail-ng-binding">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Highlights</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">• Mice exposed to mobile phone radiation (MPR) in different operative modes. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">• Ovarian & uterine histopathology, steroidogenesis & stress parameters were checked. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">• Degenerative changes & reduced follicle count were observed in MPR exposed ovary. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">• MPR resulted significant decrease in ovarian steroidogenic proteins & sex steroids. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">• MPR induced oxidative & nitrosative stress impairs reproductive functions in mice.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Abstract<br /><br />Present study investigated the
long-term effects of mobile phone (1800MHz) radiation in stand-by,
dialing and receiving modes on the female reproductive function (ovarian
and uterine histo-architecture, and steroidogenesis) and stress
responses (oxidative and nitrosative stress). We observed that mobile
phone radiation induces significant elevation in ROS, NO, lipid
peroxidation, total carbonyl content and serum corticosterone coupled
with significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes in hypothalamus, ovary
and uterus of mice. Compared to control group, exposed mice exhibited
reduced number of developing and mature follicles as well as corpus
lutea. Significantly decreased serum levels of pituitary gonadotrophins
(LH, FSH), sex steroids (E2 and P4) and expression of SF-1, StAR,
P-450scc, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, cytochrome P-450 aromatase, ER-α and ER-β
were observed in all the exposed groups of mice, compared to control.
These findings suggest that mobile phone radiation induces oxidative and
nitrosative stress, which affects the reproductive performance of
female mice.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28780396" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28780396</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Experimental group mice were exposed to non-thermal (for body as a whole) mobile phone radiation (1800 MHz) by using Nokia 100 (2G, GSM) dual-band mobile phones continuously for four months (3 h/day for 120 days)
in different operative modes i.e., dialing (dialing was performed),
receiving (dialing signals from D-group was received) and stand-by
(mobile phone was kept in just switched on mode) modes. From D-group
mobile phones, only dialing signals (and not speech signals) were sent
to the mobile phones of R-group. Dialing signals on the mobile phones of
R-group were received so that both D- and R-group animals were in
continuous condition of connectivity for 1½ hrs, then after a very small
break (∼10–15 s) again the dialing was initiated from the mobile phones
of D-group and signals were received at the mobile phones of R-group
and the continuity between the signal transmission and reception is
maintained for another 1½ hrs. SB-group mice were kept beneath the <strong>“switched-<u>on</u>”</strong> mobile phones continuously for 3 h.
Before the start of exposure, silent profile with no vibration was set
for the mobile phones of all groups. To neutralize the box related and
other external constraints, one sham control group was taken into
account in each study. The control group mice were subjected to sham
exposure in the same mobile phone exposure set-up for same time each day
but with the mobile phones in <strong>“switched-<u>off</u>”</strong> condition. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">This study demonstrate the deleterious effects of long-term 1800 MHz
mobile phone radiation exposure in different operative modes i.e.
dialing (D), receiving (R) and stand-by (SB) modes on female
reproduction. Present experimental findings clearly elucidate that
mobile phone radiation has a negative impact on female reproductive
system. Outcome of the study demonstrates that long-term mobile phone
irradiation causes alteration in ovarian and uterine morphology,
histoarchitecture and activity. Mobile phone irradiated mice ovary
revealed less number of developing and mature follicles with few corpus
lutea and increased number of atretic/degenerative follicles. Although
marked changes were observed in all the three experimental groups, the
effects were more pronounced and severe in cases of R- and SB-groups of
mice.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Overall, our study clearly elucidates that the long-term 1800 MHz mobile
phone exposure impairs female reproductive system possibly via inducing
both oxidative and nitrosative stress. Our study also suggests that
mobile phone exposure produces deleterious effect on hypothalamus, ovary
and uterus, and thus affects the ovarian and uterine activity and
histoarchitecture adversely. Mobile phone radiation may result in
ovarian and uterine dysfunction by increasing ROS and RNS production and
disturbing antioxidant status. Oxidative and nitrosative stress created
at the hypothalamus and peripheral level (ovary and uterus) as a
consequence of long-term mobile phone exposure may severely reduce both
steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovary as well as the
structural and functional status of the uterus. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">These results led us to
conclude that chronic exposure to long-term mobile phone radiation may
severely affect the ovarian and uterine activity of female mice and thus
may lead to infertility. The effects were more pronounced/deleterious
in stand-by and receiving conditions. Further, the results of this study
performed on the rodent model, <em>Mus musculus</em>, may not be
extrapolated to human being as the SAR value delivered to human at the
ovary or uterus end will be much less than (and not comparable to) the
value for the rodent at the desired site due to greater depth of the
site from the skin surface of human being, assuming large body size
ratio between two type of subjects, i.e., human being and rodent.
However, if the human being is exposed to mobile phone radiation over
longer duration, there may be the possibility of the radiation producing
similar effect on human female reproductive system, on the assumption,
that the total energy absorbed in the two cases is of same order of
magnitude. Therefore, we anticipate that, these findings will improve
our understanding of the etiology of female infertility due to heavy
mobile phone usage. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The rise in female infertility problems may be, at
least in part, due to a contribution from mobile phone radiation
exposure to females. Hence, we anticipate that the outcome of the
present study will not only contribute in framing of proper guidelines
for safer use of mobile phone, which is an unavoidable device of present
life style but may also assist in deciding the threshold limits to
minimize adverse effects of the long term exposure to mobile phone
radiations for females. However, further investigation is required in
humans and non-human primates to determine whether the risks are similar
and to establish safe exposure limits.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Chen H, Qu Z, Liu W. Effects of Simulated Mobile Phone
Electromagnetic Radiation on Fertilization and Embryo Development. Fetal
Pediatr Pathol. 2016 Dec 16:1-7.</span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Abstract<br /><br />This
study investigated the effects of 935-MHz electromagnetic radiation
(ER) on fertilization and subsequent embryonic development in mice.
Ovulating mice were irradiated at three ER intensities for 4 h/day (d)
or 2 h/d for three consecutive days; the ova were then harvested for in
vitro fertilization to observe the 6-h fertilization rate (6-FR), 72-h
morula rate (72-MR), and 110-h blastula rate (110-BR). Compared with the
control group, the 6-FR, 72-MR, and 110-BR were decreased in the low ER
intensity group, but the differences were not significant; in the mid-
and high-intensity ER groups, 72-MR and 110-BR in the 4 h/d and 2 h/d
subgroups were decreased, showing significant differences compared with
the control group. Moreover, the comparison between 4 h/d and 2 h/d
subgroups showed significant differences. Mid- and high-intensity ER at
935 MHz can reduce the fertilization rate in mice, and reduce the
blastulation rate, thus reducing the possibility of embryo implantation.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27983879" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27983879</a></span></span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Electromagnetic radiation devices consisted of four parts: a signal
source (with frequency ranging from 935 to 960 MHz and magnetic field
strength ranging from –15 db to +15 db), a rectifier (220 VAC/27 VDC;
300 W), a power amplifier, and a specific antenna with a length of
15 cm. <br /><br />The mice were divided into seven groups by using a random table method: low-intensity (2 h/d and 4 h/d subgroups), mid-intensity (570 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>: 2 h/d and 4 h/d subgroups), high-intensity (1400 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>: 2 h/d and 4 h/d subgroups), and control groups. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br />--<br /><br />Stress May Diminish a Woman's Fertility, Study Suggests</b><br /><i><br />First U.S. review to show a possible link between stress and how long it takes to get pregnant</i><br /><br />Mary Brophy Marcus, HealthDay News, Mar 24, 2014</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
Stress may increase a woman's risk of infertility, new research suggests.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The authors of the study wanted to investigate the relationship
between stress and infertility. So they looked at levels of an enzyme
linked with stress in the saliva of women who were trying to get
pregnant.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">They also tracked the women's ability to conceive over a 12-month period.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Women with higher levels of the stress biomarker had a two-fold
increased risk of infertility," said study author Courtney Lynch. The
enzyme they measured is called salivary alpha-amylase.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Alpha-amylase is an enzyme that is secreted into the mouth that
helps the body start to digest carbohydrates," said Lynch, director of
reproductive epidemiology at the Ohio State University College of
Medicine. "It is also linked to the fight-or-flight part of the stress
system."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">For the study, Lynch and her colleagues collected data from about 500
couples who were recruited from targeted counties in Texas and
Michigan.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"We tried to find couples who were just starting to try to get
pregnant," Lynch said. "We sent a nursing team out to their houses who
did interviews and trained the women how to use saliva-collection kits."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The women took saliva samples twice -- at the start of the study and
again after they'd had their first menstrual period during the study
time frame. For most, that was about a month into the study, Lynch said.
Since alpha-amylase can be affected by alcohol, tobacco and caffeine
consumption, the researchers asked the women to take their saliva
samples right after waking up in the morning.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The researchers followed the couples for up to 12 months, collecting information on whether they'd conceived.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Of the approximately 400 couples who completed the study, 87 percent
of the women became pregnant. After adjusting for age, race, income and
the use of alcohol, caffeine and cigarettes, the researchers found that
the women with the highest alpha-amylase levels had a 29 percent lower
probability of pregnancy compared to the women who had the lowest levels
of the enzyme.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The study results were published in the March 24 issue of the journal <i>Human Reproduction</i>.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lynch said it's important to be clear that the results do not suggest
that stress alone is the reason a woman can't get pregnant.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"The message is not that everyone should go enroll in yoga tomorrow,"
she said. "The message is that if you've tried for five or six months
and you aren't getting anywhere, maybe you should look at your lifestyle
and think about whether or not stress might be a problem for you. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">And
if it is, you might want to consider a stress-management program."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The authors said this is the first U.S. study to show a possible
association between a stress indicator and how long it takes a woman to
become pregnant.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dr. Suleena Kansal Kalra is a reproductive endocrinology and
infertility specialist at the University of Pennsylvania. She called the
new research "a great first step -- it's presenting a way to measure
[indicators] of stress."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Part of the challenge is that we don't have validated [indicators]
of stress hormones or validated questionnaires that measure stress, so
the next step is that we really need to start validating some of these
tools," said Kalra, who was not involved with the new research.
</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Ultimately, we want to know how we can measure stress, and then, can we
intervene?"</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Exactly how stress affects fertility is not well understood, Lynch
said. The study's authors said the women in the group with higher levels
of the stress-related enzyme had sex about as often as those in the
low-level group, so frequency of intercourse did not play a role.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kalra said some women stop ovulating during stressful times, while others conceive in high-stress environments.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lynch said the researchers have also collected data on men but have
not yet analyzed it, so it's not yet clear how much a man's stress might
influence a couple's fertility.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Women struggling with infertility who have stressful lifestyles
should not blame themselves, Lynch said. "I don't want women to see this
in the news and say, 'It's my fault I'm not pregnant,'" she said. "We
know stress is not the major indicator of whether or not you're going to
get pregnant."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kalra agreed, noting that, "Age is the No. 1 factor linked to the
inability to conceive. Mother Nature is cruel and unfair. All our
success rates are better in women under 35. That does not mean every
woman in her late 30s is going to be infertile, but age is the greatest
predictor of success."</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">She added that cigarette smoking is "absolutely associated with a
decrease in the ability to become pregnant," and obesity is beginning to
be looked at as well.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Kalra is launching a fertility wellness program this spring at Penn
that will combine yoga, meditation, nutrition counseling and a
psychologist-led support group to help women who are hoping to become
pregnant.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Not being able to start your family when you're ready to do so can
create a lot of stress for couples, particularly women," Kalra said.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"I'm not sure stress is an underlying cause of infertility, and I
often find it counterproductive to tell women if they're a little less
stressed they would become pregnant," she said. "We don't know if that's
true. I generally say, 'I want you to feel as good as possible when
you're embarking on the journey to have a family.' "</span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">More information</span></b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">To learn more about reducing stress, visit the <a href="http://nccam.nih.gov/health/stress/relaxation.htm" target="_blank">U.S. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">SOURCES:
Courtney Lynch, Ph.D., M.P.H., director, reproductive epidemiology, and
assistant professor, obstetrics and gynecology and epidemiology, Ohio
State University College of Medicine; Suleena Kansal Kalra, M.D.,
M.S.C.E., assistant professor, obstetrics and gynecology, and director,
fertility wellness program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia;
March 24, 2014, <i>Human Reproduction</i>, online</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<a href="http://bit.ly/1jJnHVI" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">http://bit.ly/1jJnHVI</span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">---</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Lynch
CD, Sundaram R, Maisog JM, Sweeney AM, Buck Louis GM.Preconception
stress increases the risk of infertility: results from a
couple-based prospective cohort study--the LIFE study. Hum Reprod. 2014
Mar 23.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />STUDY QUESTION: Are women's stress levels prospectively associated with fecundity and infertility?<br /><br />SUMMARY
ANSWER: Higher levels of stress as measured by salivary alpha-amylase
are associated with a longer time-to-pregnancy (TTP) and an increased
risk of infertility.<br />
<br />WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Data suggest that stress and reproduction are
interrelated; however, the directionality of that association is
unclear.<br /><br />STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: In 2005-2009, we enrolled
501 couples in a prospective cohort study with preconception enrollment
at two research sites (Michigan and Texas, USA). Couples were followed
for up to 12 months as they tried to conceive and through pregnancy if
it occurred. A total of 401 (80%) couples completed the study protocol
and 373 (93%) had complete data available for this analysis.<br />
<br />PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Enrolled women collected
saliva the morning following enrollment and then the morning following
their first observed study menses for the measurement of cortisol and
alpha-amylase, which are biomarkers of stress. TTP was measured in
cycles. Covariate data were captured on both a baseline questionnaire
and daily journals.<br />
<br />MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Among the 401 (80%) women who
completed the protocol, 347 (87%) became pregnant and 54 (13%) did not.
After adjustment for female age, race, income, and use of alcohol,
caffeine and cigarettes while trying to conceive, women in the highest
tertile of alpha-amylase exhibited a 29% reduction in fecundity (longer
TTP) compared with women in the lowest tertile [fecundability odds
ratios (FORs) = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.51, 1.00); P
< 0.05]. This reduction in fecundity translated into a >2-fold
increased risk of infertility among these women [relative risk (RR) =
2.07; 95% CI = (1.04, 4.11)]. In contrast, we found no association
between salivary cortisol and fecundability.<br />
<br />LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Due to fiscal and logistical
concerns, we were unable to collect repeated saliva samples and
perceived stress questionnaire data throughout the duration of
follow-up. Therefore, we were unable to examine whether stress levels
increased as women continued to fail to get pregnant. Our ability to
control for potential confounders using time-varying data from the daily
journals, however, minimizes residual confounding.<br />
<br />WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This is the first US study to
demonstrate a prospective association between salivary stress biomarkers
and TTP, and the first in the world to observe an association with
infertility.<br />
<br />STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study was supported by the
Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development (contracts
#N01-HD-3-3355, N01-HD-3-3356, N01-HD-3358). There are no conflicts of
interest to declare.</span><br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24664130" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/24664130</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">--</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">
<br />Augner C, Hacker GW. Are people living next to mobile phone base stations more strained?
Relationship of health concerns, self-estimated distance to base
station, and psychological parameters. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2009 Dec;13(3):141-5.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />BACKGROUND
AND AIMS: Coeval with the expansion of mobile phone technology and the
associated obvious presence of mobile phone base stations, some people
living close to these masts reported symptoms they attributed to
electromagnetic fields (EMF). Public and scientific discussions arose
with regard to whether these symptoms were due to EMF or were nocebo
effects. The aim of this study was to find out if people who believe
that they live close to base stations show psychological or
psychobiological differences that would indicate more strain or stress.
Furthermore, we wanted to detect the relevant connections linking
self-estimated distance between home and the next mobile phone base
station (DBS), daily use of mobile phone (MPU), EMF-health concerns,
electromagnetic hypersensitivity, and psychological strain parameters.<br />
<br />DESIGN, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven participants completed
standardized and non-standardized questionnaires that focused on the
relevant parameters. In addition, saliva samples were used as an
indication to determine the psychobiological strain by concentration of
alpha-amylase, cortisol, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and substance P.<br />
<br />RESULTS: Self-declared base station neighbors (DBS </= 100
meters) had significantly higher concentrations of alpha-amylase in
their saliva, higher rates in symptom checklist subscales (SCL)
somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and global
strain index PST (Positive Symptom Total). There were no differences in
EMF-related health concern scales.<br />
<br />CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that self-declared base station neighbors
are more strained than others. EMF-related health concerns cannot
explain these findings. Further research should identify if actual EMF
exposure or other factors are responsible for these results.<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20442833" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/20442833</a><br /><br />--<br /><br />Augner C, Hacker GW, Oberfeld G, Florian M, Hitzl W, Hutter
J, Pauser G. Effects of exposure to GSM mobile phone base station
signals on salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and immunoglobulin A.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2010 Jun;23(3):199-207.<br />
<br />Abstract<br /><br />OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to test whether
exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by
mobile phone base stations may have effects on salivary alpha-amylase,
immunoglobulin A (IgA), and cortisol levels.<br />
<br />METHODS: Fifty seven participants were randomly allocated to one of
three different experimental scenarios (22 participants to scenario 1,
26 to scenario 2, and 9 to scenario 3). Each participant went through
five 50-minute exposure sessions. The main RF-EMF source was a
GSM-900-MHz antenna located at the outer wall of the building. In
scenarios 1 and 2, the first, third, and fifth sessions were "low"
(median power flux density 5.2 microW/m(2)) exposure. The second session
was "high" (2126.8 microW/m(2)), and the fourth session was "medium"
(153.6 microW/m(2)) in scenario 1, and vice versa in scenario 2.
Scenario 3 had four "low" exposure conditions, followed by a "high"
exposure condition. Biomedical parameters were collected by saliva
samples three times a session. Exposure levels were created by shielding
curtains.<br />
<br />RESULTS: In scenario 3 from session 4 to session 5 (from "low" to
"high" exposure), an increase of cortisol was detected, while in
scenarios 1 and 2, a higher concentration of alpha-amylase related to
the baseline was identified as compared to that in scenario 3. IgA
concentration was not significantly related to the exposure.<br />
<br />CONCLUSIONS: RF-EMF in considerably lower field densities than
ICNIRP-guidelines may influence certain psychobiological stress markers.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20708499" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/</a><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20708499" target="_blank">pu<wbr></wbr>bmed/20708499</a><br />
<br />---<br /><br />Nazıroğlu M, Yüksel M, Köse SA, Özkaya MO. Recent reports
of Wi-Fi and mobile phone-induced radiation on oxidative
stress and reproductive signaling pathways in females and males.J Membr
Biol. 2013 Dec;246(12):869-75.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Environmental exposure to electromagnetic
radiation (EMR) has been increasing with the increasing demand for
communication devices. The aim of the study was to discuss the
mechanisms and risk factors of EMR changes on reproductive functions and
membrane oxidative biology in females and males. It was reported that
even chronic exposure to EMR did not increase the risk of reproductive
functions such as increased levels of neoantigens abort. However, the
results of some studies indicate that EMR induced endometriosis and
inflammation and decreased the number of follicles in the ovarium or
uterus of rats. In studies with male rats, exposure caused degeneration
in the seminiferous tubules, reduction in the number of Leydig cells and
testosterone production as well as increases in luteinizing hormone
levels and apoptotic cells. In some cases of male and female
infertility, increased levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation
and decreased values of antioxidants such as melatonin, vitamin E and
glutathione peroxidase were reported in animals exposed to EMR. In
conclusion, the results of current studies indicate that oxidative
stress from exposure to Wi-Fi and mobile phone-induced EMR is a
significant mechanism affecting female and male reproductive systems.
However, there is no evidence to this date to support an increased risk
of female and male infertility related to EMR exposure.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusions<br /><br />..
EMR exposure from Wi-Fi and mobile phones is related to oxidative
stress and overproduction of free oxygen radicals in female and male
infertility. Use of mobile phones and wireless devices has been
increasing day by day. There are very scarce data on Wi-Fi-induced
reproductive dysfunction in female and male individuals. However,
carcinogenic and proliferative effects of mobile phones (Kim et al.
2010) and Wi-Fi (Kumar et al. 2011; Kesari et al. 2011; Nazırog˘lu et
al. 2012b) have been reported in animals and cell culture systems,
although there is no report on Wi-Fi- or mobile phone-induced cancer in
reproductive tissues of female and male individuals. In the future, the
role of EMR from mobile phones and wireless devices in female and male
fertility should be investigated.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24105626" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>pubmed/24105626</a> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
--<br />
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Shibkova DZ, Shilkova TV, Ovchinnikova AV. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">[Early and Delayed Effects of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Reproductive Function and Functional Status of the Offspring of Experimental Animals]. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">[Article in Russian]. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Radiats Biol Radioecol.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> 2015 Sep-Oct;55(5):514-9.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />The aim of our experimental research was to study the impact of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) on the reproductive function of male and female mice of CBA in 2 models of exposure, as well as on the morphofunctional state of progeny of irradiated animals. It was found that RF EMF under conditions of repeated short-term exposures (within 5 days for 10 minutes at PES 1.2 mW/cm2) affects the course of pregnancy in female mice, the number of litters, fertility and preservation of offspring, morphometric characteristics of the offspring of experimental animals at different models of irradiation (exposure of animals to RF EMF prior to mating and during pregnancy).</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863782" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863782</a></span><br /></span>
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-5033016642205484422023-10-02T09:00:00.002-07:002023-10-02T11:01:15.396-07:00Webinar: "Radiofrequency Radiation and Your Health: Is 5G Harmful?"<div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmM6yv07CoZOIjK1Yl-IzaDcAc7-dyMRQv_4lxY_fLZFhyphenhyphencY6j0thURUXsnk4kdbD7u9hxV7oPERVxSmS7vam7sYF5-l9sVMXVXUWvI2qDb5l_jFiDsXo0LSuACnklwbCb52hLIVg7WfXuGlB7zbD2HMAzw2a2eGAdVU581HZqSyCTpEx2CVIACT5MmBk/s886/FMG%20webinar%20cover%20slide.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="886" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmM6yv07CoZOIjK1Yl-IzaDcAc7-dyMRQv_4lxY_fLZFhyphenhyphencY6j0thURUXsnk4kdbD7u9hxV7oPERVxSmS7vam7sYF5-l9sVMXVXUWvI2qDb5l_jFiDsXo0LSuACnklwbCb52hLIVg7WfXuGlB7zbD2HMAzw2a2eGAdVU581HZqSyCTpEx2CVIACT5MmBk/w400-h275/FMG%20webinar%20cover%20slide.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The <a href="https://www.cio.gov/about/members-and-leadership/Federal-Mobility-Group/" target="_blank"><b>Federal Mobility Group</b></a> invited me to conduct a webinar about </span><span style="font-family: arial;">the health effects of radiofrequency radiation including 5G, the latest cellphone technology, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">on September 11, 2023</span><span style="font-family: arial;">.</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>The FMG is a chartered organization in the executive branch of the federal government of the U.S. It has representatives from more than 45 departments and agencies including the military. Its mission is to identify challenges in the deployment of secure mobile technology, develop solutions, and share best practices. </span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The webinar features the path-breaking work of the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (<a href="https://icbe-emf.org/" target="_blank"><b>ICBE-EMF</b></a>) to catalyze the widespread support within the scientific community for the adoption of stronger regulatory standards to protect humans and wildlife from the harm due to our ever-increasing exposure to wireless radiation.<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFu0T0FOoOmNIkfm4M1cuc-LDmy1A4R586jVyZjL89tOhQdTqrfiNX9QHaf4dv4WehTPwT4ojFz3R3Km6968019e5rA2CJ5C0c7WR8sCmiYs1mIlpdFozPUUGAStHwHuhVT5yGD6d8MpBKW0Mcc4HjAx_z6mo8qVXKnlGavUFof6chlRn4ODviQxJgxXk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="513" data-original-width="683" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFu0T0FOoOmNIkfm4M1cuc-LDmy1A4R586jVyZjL89tOhQdTqrfiNX9QHaf4dv4WehTPwT4ojFz3R3Km6968019e5rA2CJ5C0c7WR8sCmiYs1mIlpdFozPUUGAStHwHuhVT5yGD6d8MpBKW0Mcc4HjAx_z6mo8qVXKnlGavUFof6chlRn4ODviQxJgxXk=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The YouTube video in the link below, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">based on the FMG webinar, was </span><span style="font-family: arial;">recorded on September 29, 2023.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Slides: <b><a href="https://bit.ly/48wi8sS" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/48wi8sS</a></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Video (47 minutes): <b><a href="https://youtu.be/bSajqbDl8lc" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/bSajqbDl8lc</a></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p></div></div>Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-35962661922694398472023-10-01T15:30:00.000-07:002024-02-08T17:10:06.169-08:00Presentations<div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2023/09/Is-5G-Harmful-Webinar.html" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank"><b>"Radiofrequency Radiation and Your Health: Is 5G Harmful?"</b></a><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Joel Moskowitz, Federal Mobility Group webinar / video & slides, Sep 11, 2023</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2021/10/health-effects-of-cellphone-cell-tower.html">"Health Effects of Cellphone & Cell Tower Radiation: Implications for 5G"</a> </b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Joel Moskowitz, UC Center for Occupational & Environmental Health webinar / video & slides, Nov 3, 2021</span></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/UCSF-RFR-health-risks-grand-rounds.html" style="background-color: white; color: #8a7ca1; font-family: arial;" target="_blank"><b>"Radio Frequency Radiation Health Risks: Implications for 5G</b></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><b>"</b> </span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial;">Joel Moskowitz, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Grand Rounds, University of California, San Francisco (Sep 24, 2020)</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial;">Video (52 minutes), slides and supplemental slides: </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/UCSF-RFR-health-risks-grand-rounds.html" target="_blank">https://www.saferemr.com/2020/09/UCSF-RFR-health-risks-grand-rounds.html</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Cell Phones, Cell Towers, and Wireless Safety"</span></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, Keynote presentation, University Health Services, University of California, Berkeley (Feb 27, 2019)</span></span></span><br />
<span face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"><span style="background-color: white;">Video (72 minutes), slides, and safety tips: </span><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/03/cellphones-cell-towers-wireless.html" target="_blank">https://www.saferemr.com/2019/03/cellphones-cell-towers-wireless.html</a></span><br />
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<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Cellphones and Public Health Policy<span style="color: #222222;"> </span></b></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #222222;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Joel Moskowitz, Collaborative on Health and the Environment Webinar, May 9, 2018</span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Video (30 minutes): <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zE-ff6oSY0k" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zE-ff6oSY0k</a></span></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; line-height: 18.48px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Wireless Technology & Public Health: Health & Environmental Hazards in a Wireless World"</span></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, Collaborative on Health and the Environment, Teleconference (Feb 16, 2016) </span><a href="http://healthandenvironment.org/wg_calls/18206" target="_blank">http://healthandenvironment.org/wg_calls/18206</a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Slides: <a href="http://healthandenvironment.org/uploads/docs/MoskowitzslidesFeb162016.pdf" target="_blank">http://healthandenvironment.org/uploads/docs/MoskowitzslidesFeb162016.pdf</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Audio:<b> </b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://che.webfactional.com/audio/chepartnercallwirelesstechfeb162016.mp3" target="_blank">http://che.webfactional.com/audio/chepartnercallwirelesstechfeb162016.mp3</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Q&A:<b> </b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://healthandenvironment.org/articles/partnership_blog/18207" target="_blank">http://healthandenvironment.org/articles/partnership_blog/18207</a></span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>"Wireless Phone Radiation Risks and Public Health Policy"</b><br />Joel Moskowitz, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health presentation (Oct 22, 2015)<br />Slides: <a href="http://bit.ly/wirelessradiationUCLA102215">http://bit.ly/wirelessradiationUCLA102215</a></span><br />
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<b>"Wireless Phone Radiation Risks and Public Health Policy"</b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, Mountain View Center for Performing Arts (Oct 10, 2015)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Slides: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/MtnView10102015" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/MtnView10102015</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Video: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/talk101015jmm" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/talk101015jmm</a><b> </b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(46:29)</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>"Cell Phones and Your Health" </b></span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;">(BEUHS653)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">UC Berkeley f</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">aculty and staff presentation (Sep 10, 2015)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sponsored by University Health Services/Health Matters and CITRIS</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Slides: <a href="http://bit.ly/ucbjmm091015" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/ucbjmm091015</a></span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Cell Phone and Wireless Radiation Safety Policy Options"</span></b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, "Final Remarks: Domestic Policy Implications," Commonwealth Club of California (Jun 22, 2015) </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Slides: <a href="http://bit.ly/PolicyOptionsJMM" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/PolicyOptionsJMM</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Video: <a href="https://vimeo.com/133169375" target="_blank">https://vimeo.com/133169375</a> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(10:26)</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Video & slides for the Commonwealth Club forum:</b> "Cell Phones and Wireless Technologies: Should Safety Guidelines Be Strengthened to Protect Adults, Children and Vulnerable Populations – and Should Parents, Teachers and Schools Restrict Technology Overuse among Children?" (Jun 22, 2015): <a href="http://bit.ly/CC062215" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/CC062215</a></span><br />
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<b>"Wireless Phone Radiation Risks and Public Health"</b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, UC Berkeley lecture, Health and Social Behavior (PH200) (Apr 8, 2015)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Slides: <a href="http://bit.ly/jmm04082015">http://bit.ly/jmm04082015</a></span><br />
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<b>"Mobile Phone Use and Cancer Risk: Research on a Group 2B Carcinogen"</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, Webinar for CDC Work Group on Cancer Prevention (Oct 29, 2014)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Slides: <a href="http://bit.ly/CDCWebinar102914">http://bit.ly/CDCWebinar102914</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Audio: <a href="http://bit.ly/101l2lR">http://bit.ly/101l2lR</a> or <a href="http://bit.ly/1tDZbg2">http://bit.ly/1tDZbg2</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>"Mobile Phone Radiation and Health: Recent Research and Policy Developments"</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley (Jun 19, 2014)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Slides: </span><a href="http://bit.ly/1lFp9vc">http://bit.ly/1lFp9vc</a><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>"Brain Tumor Risk from Wireless Phone Use: Recent Research and Policy Implications"</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Joel Moskowitz, Commonwealth Club of California (Part II: Dec 9, 2013) </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Slides: </span><a href="http://bit.ly/1k9PeRQ"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">http://bit.ly/1k9PeRQ</span></a><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Video: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/1kxkpto">http://bit.ly/1kxkpto</a> or </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/1hx3t5j" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/1hx3t5j</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
<b>"Expert Roundtable: Skeptical about Cell Phones and Health?"</b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Forum at Commonwealth Club of California (Dec 9, 2013)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Other presentations will be available soon. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Agenda : <a href="http://bit.ly/1aqek9K">http://bit.ly/1aqek9K</a></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Ce<span style="font-size: small;">ll Phones <span style="font-size: small;">& Brain Tumors W<span style="font-size: small;">hat Does the Science Show?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"</span></span></b><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Joel Moskowitz, Commonwealth Club of California </span>(Part I: Nov 18, 2010)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sli</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">des: <a href="http://bit.ly/W5tNCN">http://bit.ly/W5tNCN</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Video (15 minutes): </span><a href="http://vimeo.com/17266112">http://vimeo.com/17266112</a></span></div>
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7169830857452185721.post-23741901315098721202023-10-01T06:00:00.000-07:002024-01-30T12:06:27.878-08:00ICNIRP’s Exposure Guidelines for Radio Frequency Fields<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSWtnLQVZVv83lmuJBZCQ2fOB_H7j95pyOIDYXd9Kyet7MExe_zwkZdtVseo9O98-cGR8CdqLT7fxJRGMNNkfsEJ5F2Zn8DlBkAiL42Hc4mQYijwNtwGhDzczs1s70mf_t35bIkTYB2pM/s1600/icnirp+logo.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="82" data-original-width="159" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSWtnLQVZVv83lmuJBZCQ2fOB_H7j95pyOIDYXd9Kyet7MExe_zwkZdtVseo9O98-cGR8CdqLT7fxJRGMNNkfsEJ5F2Zn8DlBkAiL42Hc4mQYijwNtwGhDzczs1s70mf_t35bIkTYB2pM/w200-h103/icnirp+logo.png" width="200" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4kKeVntMjmM7SGx6IhseRjcLxmOh_Ph5uii4_TS4iGGoqBTlybOvZ5AjAc3w6NwmggYAmnWQ-EPKZMIXjNFqkZ_hrCtuuD6RDy6IbwDIHqBwwGZ6geyn8Vz_MCMp0i8tG-u5SOJmyk7DLIeUuKbCmkDnExNxPlTKam6-pMnds12lDSLhHLZwL0BZ/s636/ICNIRP%20caveat%201-12-2023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="196" data-original-width="636" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4kKeVntMjmM7SGx6IhseRjcLxmOh_Ph5uii4_TS4iGGoqBTlybOvZ5AjAc3w6NwmggYAmnWQ-EPKZMIXjNFqkZ_hrCtuuD6RDy6IbwDIHqBwwGZ6geyn8Vz_MCMp0i8tG-u5SOJmyk7DLIeUuKbCmkDnExNxPlTKam6-pMnds12lDSLhHLZwL0BZ/w640-h198/ICNIRP%20caveat%201-12-2023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://bit.ly/ICNIRPfraud" style="font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;"><b>ICNIRP's wireless radiation exposure limits are based on smoke and mirrors</b></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">July 25, 2022</span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2022-0037/html" target="_blank">A new peer-reviewed paper</a></b> published in the journal,<i> <b>Reviews of Environmental Health</b>, </i>found that the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
(<b><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/" target="_blank">ICNIRP</a></b>)
bases its recommended exposure limits
for wireless (i.e., radio frequency [RF]) radiation primarily on research produced by its own members, their former students and close colleagues. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">ICNIRP claims that their "thermal-only paradigm" "is consistent with
current scientific understanding" despite the fact that the<a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/02/effects-of-exposure-to-electromagnetic.html"> <b>predominance of peer-reviewed research</b></a> finds non-thermal effects.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The ICNIRP limits, designed to protect humans only from the acute effects of heating induced by RF radiation, are promoted by the World Health Organization and are similar to those adopted by the FCC.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
In 2019 investigative journalists from eight European countries published 22 articles in major newspapers and magazines which exposed conflicts of interest in this "ICNIRP cartel." More recently, the former editor of the journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society accused ICNIRP of "groupthink." For more information see the article below: "<span style="text-align: center;">The 'ICNIRP Cartel' and 'The 5G Mass Experiment'"</span> (posted February 12, 2019, updated January 9, 2020)<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Is ICNIRP a modern-day Wizard of Oz? In this new paper, Else Nordhagen and Einar Flydal pull back the curtain revealing the Wizard to be a fraud, all smoke and mirrors. They conclude:<br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">"the ICNIRP 2020 Guidelines fail to meet fundamental scientific quality
requirements and are therefore not suited as the basis on which to set
RF EMF exposure limits for the protection of human health.
With its thermal-only view, ICNIRP contrasts with the majority of
research findings, and would therefore need a particularly solid
scientific foundation. Our analysis demonstrates the contrary to be the
case. Hence, the ICNIRP 2020 Guidelines cannot offer a basis for good
governance."
</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicY43I4dKORDNiOdxN5nkW_k7R-iMhPLU_fb5q2t-4252e8P6mlRFlloYc4DXaAr5ArlHUXS-GZoknnkeLJut8t58ruKw2uAenMXmEQmUs5bGUL9c9jmUlKeRSWfheOC_4uwYl8lZfbbqhWgslg3odHoGshJwct2wwxQmW07dtfXJ3Ai784HvVCbzTtuc/s334/Dilbert%20bad%20assumptions.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="174" data-original-width="334" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicY43I4dKORDNiOdxN5nkW_k7R-iMhPLU_fb5q2t-4252e8P6mlRFlloYc4DXaAr5ArlHUXS-GZoknnkeLJut8t58ruKw2uAenMXmEQmUs5bGUL9c9jmUlKeRSWfheOC_4uwYl8lZfbbqhWgslg3odHoGshJwct2wwxQmW07dtfXJ3Ai784HvVCbzTtuc/w400-h209/Dilbert%20bad%20assumptions.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Self-referencing authorships behind the ICNIRP 2020 radiation protection guidelines</b></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Else K Nordhagen, Einar Flydal.
Self-referencing authorships behind the ICNIRP 2020 radiation protection guidelines. Rev Environ Health. 2022 Jun 27. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0037.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Abstract</div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">In March 2020, ICNIRP (the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) published a set of guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz). ICNIRP claims this publication's view on EMF and health, a view usually termed "the thermal-only paradigm", is consistent with current scientific understanding. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We investigated the literature referenced in ICNIRP 2020 to assess if the variation in authors and research groups behind it meets the fundamental requirement of constituting a broad scientific base and thus a view consistent with current scientific understanding, a requirement that such an important set of guidelines is expected to satisfy. To assess if this requirement has been met, we investigated the span of authors and research groups of the referenced literature of the ICNIRP 2020 Guidelines and annexes. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Our analysis shows that ICNIRP 2020 itself, and in practice all its referenced supporting literature stem from a network of co-authors with just 17 researchers at its core, most of them affiliated with ICNIRP and/or the IEEE, and some of them being ICNIRP 2020 authors themselves. Moreover, literature reviews presented by ICNIRP 2020 as being from independent committees, are in fact products of this same informal network of collaborating authors, all committees having ICNIRP 2020 authors as members. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">This shows that the ICNIRP 2020 Guidelines fail to meet fundamental scientific quality requirements and are therefore not suited as the basis on which to set RF EMF exposure limits for the protection of human health. With its thermal-only view, ICNIRP contrasts with the majority of research findings, and would therefore need a particularly solid scientific foundation. Our analysis demonstrates the contrary to be the case. Hence, the ICNIRP 2020 Guidelines cannot offer a basis for good governance.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Excerpts</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">... ICNIRP members are found to have conflicts of interest, as pointed out by e.g., [3]: “the Ethical Board at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden concluded already in 2008 that being a member of ICNIRP may be a conflict of interest that should be stated officially whenever a member from ICNIRP makes opinions on health risks from EMF (Karolinska Institute diary number: 3753-2008-609)”. An EU report [4] concluded in June 2020 that “for really independent scientific advice we cannot rely on ICNIRP”....</div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">As is apparent from the debate on this issue, a majority of peer-reviewed papers support the opposing view, i.e., that sub-thermal RF EMFs have health effects [5]. Several athermal mechanisms have been identified [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] and accepted as evidenced, if not proven....</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<p>All in all, ICNIRP 2020 has 158 unique references. Not all have been
authored by the ICNIRP co-authorship network found in Pattern 1. We
found that the network co-authored 78 of the referenced peer reviewed
papers, seven of the literature reviews, and six ICNIRP publications, in
total 91 documents. In addition to these 91 documents, there are 67
references to other documents.</p>
<p>Of these 67 documents, only 15 are peer reviewed papers on RF EMF and
health. The remaining 52 are documents with no direct relation to this
topic. We termed these 52 “technical documents”, as they address topics
such as WHO’s definition of “health” and other general terms used (three
documents), thermal regulation (20 documents), contact currents and
pain (five documents), technical documentation (three documents) and
SAR-modelling and calculations (21 documents). We excluded these
technical documents from further analyses (see Figure 1) .</p>
</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;">Conclusions</div><div style="text-align: left;"><section id="gmail-j_reveh-2022-0037_s_009">
<h2 class="gmail-subheading"></h2>
<p>In the introduction we raised five questions relating to the
authorship behind the referenced literature used to underpin the ICNIRP
2020 thermal-only view. Below we repeat the patterns found, answering
these questions whilst adding some overarching conclusions.</p><ol class="gmail-list" id="gmail-j_reveh-2022-0037_list_014" type="1"><li class="gmail-listItem gmail-ps-2" id="gmail-j_reveh-2022-0037_li_042" style="list-style-type: "1.";"><div class="gmail-listItem-contents">
<p> Pattern 1: <em>ICNIRP affiliates and ICNIRP 2020 authors are heavily involved in literature referenced in ICNIRP 2020 to underpin it</em>. Figure 2
shows the graph of the complete network of co-authorship relations
found in the referenced literature in ICNIRP 2020 originating from the
ICNIRP affiliates, displaying that ICNIRP affiliates are the most
central nodes of the network, and seven of the most central nodes being
ICNIRP 2020 authors.</p>
<p>Pattern 4: <em>a small and tight network of just 17 authors is behind all the literature used to underpin ICNIRP 2020</em>.
Of these 17, 10 were ICNIRP affiliates, of whom six were also authors
of ICNIRP 2020. Five of these 17 were IEEE C95.1 2019 authors, two of
whom were also ICNIRP 2020 authors.</p>
</div></li><li class="gmail-listItem gmail-ps-2" id="gmail-j_reveh-2022-0037_li_043" style="list-style-type: "2.";"><div class="gmail-listItem-contents">
<p> Pattern 2: <em>ICNIRP 2020 authors are involved in all the literature reviews referenced in ICNIRP 2020 to underpin it</em>. In addition to the ICNIRP 2020 authors, these committees are manned by several other ICNIRP affiliates.</p>
</div></li><li class="gmail-listItem gmail-ps-2" id="gmail-j_reveh-2022-0037_li_044" style="list-style-type: "3.";"><div class="gmail-listItem-contents">
<p> Pattern 3: <em>All scientific papers used to underpin ICNIRP 2020 are from the same co-author network centered around ICNIRP affiliates.</em>
</p>
<p>Only four papers were found to be used to underpin ICNIRP 2020 that
were not linked to the ICNIRP co-authorship network. Of these four, a
simple internet search revealed that two of them have authors who have
co-authored several papers with ICNIRP affiliates and thus cannot be
seen as independent from ICNIRP. The two last were misinterpreted to
underpin ICNIRP 2020 or offered no scientifically sound support.</p>
</div></li><li class="gmail-listItem gmail-ps-2" id="gmail-j_reveh-2022-0037_li_045" style="list-style-type: "4.";"><div class="gmail-listItem-contents">
<p> Pattern 5: <em>The spread of first authors gives a false impression of broad support</em>.
While there is a high variation of first authors, most of them not
affiliated with ICNIRP/IEEE, a tight network of just 16 key authors,
dominated by ICNIRP and IEEE affiliates, is involved in <em>all</em>
<em> the </em>
<em>papers</em> used to underpin ICNIRP 2020 (Pattern 4). Moreover, in
the co-authorship network (Pattern 1) ICNIRP affiliates are found as
central nodes, while most first authors are peripheral in the network.</p>
<p>Intentionally or not, the domination of ICNIRP affiliated authorship
is blurred by the practice of having many different non-affiliates as
first authors. This conceals the fact that effectively <span class="gmail-text-underline">all</span>
referenced papers used to support ICNIRP 2020 originate from a network
of researchers completely dominated by ICNIRP affiliates and a few who
are closely related.</p>
</div></li><li class="gmail-listItem gmail-ps-2" id="gmail-j_reveh-2022-0037_li_046" style="list-style-type: "5.";"><div class="gmail-listItem-contents">
<p> Pattern 6:<em> All referenced papers not authored by the ICNIRP </em>
<em>co-authorship</em>
<em> network are either rejected, misinterpreted to underpin ICNIRP 2020, or offer no scientifically sound support.</em>
</p>
</div></li></ol>
<p></p>
<p>Our analysis shows that ICNIRP 2020 itself and, in practice, all its
referenced supportive literature stem from a network of co-authors with
just 17 researchers at its core, most of them affiliated with ICNIRP
and/or the IEEE and with ICNIRP 2020 authors in prominent positions,
where those who are not are still closely related.</p>
<p>The overlaps between ICNIRP and the committees authoring the referenced literature reviews have been documented multiple times [<a class="gmail-link gmail-link-bibr" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2022-0037/html#j_reveh-2022-0037_ref_004" title="4. Buchner, K, Rivasi, M. The international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection: conflicts of interest, corporate capture and the push for 5G, report commissioned, coordinated and published by two members of the European Parliament – Michèle Rivasi (Europe Écologie) and Klaus Buchner (Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei); 2020. Available from: https://www.michele-rivasi.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ICNIRP-report-FINAL-JUNE-2020_EN.pdf.Search in Google Scholar">4</a>, <a class="gmail-link gmail-link-bibr" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2022-0037/html#j_reveh-2022-0037_ref_019" title="19. Hardell, L, Nilsson, M, Koppel, T, Carlberg, M. Aspects on the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines on radiofrequency radiation. J Cancer Sci Clin Therap 2021;5:250–85.10.26502/jcsct.5079117Search in Google Scholar">19</a>, <a class="gmail-link gmail-link-bibr" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2022-0037/html#j_reveh-2022-0037_ref_020" title="20. Hardell, L. Health Council of The Netherlands and evaluation of the fifth generation, 5G. for wireless communication and cancer risks. World J Clin Oncol 2021;12:393–403. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.393.Search in Google Scholar
PubMed
PubMed Central">20</a>]. However, it was not anticipated that these ties would be so strong, that they include <span class="gmail-text-underline">all</span> committees behind the literature reviews, as well as the authorships of <span class="gmail-text-underline">all</span>
the peer reviewed papers used to underpin ICNIRP 2020. Indeed, we would
never have expected to find as few as 17 key authors as the smallest
set of authors involved in all the literature used to underpin the
ICNIRP 2020, and that they constitute a network heavily overlapping with
the ICNIRP 2020 authors themselves. It was also not anticipated that
the ICNIRP 2020 authors themselves would be represented in <span class="gmail-text-underline">all</span>
committees. This means that the authors of ICNIRP 2020 are exclusively
referring to themselves and their fellow network members as the basis
for their own scientifically highly controversial recommendations.</p>
<p>As well, it was highly unexpected to find that the WHO report [<a class="gmail-link gmail-link-bibr" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2022-0037/html#j_reveh-2022-0037_ref_011" title="11.
World Health Organization. Radiofrequency fields. Geneva: WHO; Public Consultation Document; 2014.Search in Google Scholar">11</a>] described in ICNIRP 2020 as “<em>an in-depth review from the World Health Organization on radiofrequency EMF exposure and health</em>” [2 p. 486] and presented in these words: “<em>This independent review is the most comprehensive and thorough appraisal of the adverse effects of radiofrequency EMFs on health</em>”
[2 p. 517], is in fact a retracted draft where five out of six WHO core
group members were ICNIRP affiliates, of whom three are among the
authors of ICNIRP 2020. Such a claim and circularity of authorship is
encroaching upon something very similar to fraud.</p>
<p>From our findings we draw the conclusion that the referenced
literature used in ICNIRP 2020 to underpin its guidelines is neither
varied, nor independent or balanced, and is by no means “<em>consistent with current scientific knowledge</em>”,
as claimed by ICNIRP 2020 [2 p. 484]. ICNIRP 2020 bases this claim
within this small network only, a claim that runs contrary to the
majority of biology-oriented researchers and publications within this
research field. Hence, our review shows that the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines
fail to meet fundamental scientific quality requirements as to being
built on a broad, solid and established knowledge base, uphold a view
contrary to well established knowledge within the field, and therefore
cannot offer a basis for good governance when setting RF exposure limits
for the protection of human health.</p>
</section>
</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Open access paper: <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2022-0037/html">https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2022-0037/html</a></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">See also: </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">van Scharen H. "The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection: Conflicts of interest, corporate capture and the push for 5G." Brussels, 2020. Commissioned by Michèle Rivasi and Klaus Buchner, members of the European Parliament. <a href="https://bit.ly/3NK3qpH"><b>https://bit.ly/3NK3qpH</b></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"></div></span></span><div style="text-align: left;">--</div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;">Science, Politics, and Groupthink [Health Matters]</b></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><span style="font-family: arial;">A world-renowned scientist and former ICNIRP Commissioner accuses ICNIRP of "groupthink" in the following paper.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br /></div></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div>The "privately constituted group, with self-appointed membership" referred to in this paper is the <a href="https://www.icnirp.org/" target="_blank">International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection</a>
(ICNIRP). ICNIRP has global influence on official regulations regarding
wireless radiation exposure limits including the WHO and the FCC. Dr. Lin, an
<a href="https://www.icnirp.org/en/about-icnirp/former-members/index.html" target="_blank"> ICNIRP Commission member</a> from 2004-2016, accuses the organization of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupthink" target="_blank">groupthink</a> in this paper published in the <i>IEEE Microwave Magazine</i>.</div><div><br /></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><a href="https://ece.uic.edu/profiles/james-lin-phd/" target="_blank"><b>James C. Lin</b></a>, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois Chicago is one of the most renowned scientists who has studied the biological interactions of wireless radiation. He is a fellow of the <a role="link">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. Since 2006 he has been the Editor-in-Chief of the <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1521186x" target="_blank"><i>Bioelectromagnetics</i> journal</a> published on behalf of the <a href="https://www.bems.org/society/about" target="_blank">Bioelectromagnetics Society</a> (BEMS), an international organization of biological and physical scientists, physicians and engineers interested in the interactions of electromagnetic fields with biological systems.</div><div><br /></div><div>(I bolded key sentences in the excerpts below. The one-sentence abstract seems misleading which makes me wonder whether the editors of<i> IEEE Microwave Magazine</i> censored the original abstract.) </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>James C. Lin. Science, Politics, and Groupthink [Health Matters].
<i>IEEE Microwave Magazine</i>. 22(5):24-26. May 2021. doi:
10.1109/MMM.2021.3056975. </div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract<br /></div><br /><div>Discusses
how the COVID-19 health pandemic worldwide was complicated by not only
health and medical concerns, but the inclusion of politics, conspiracy
theories, and social media.</div><b><br /></b><div>Excerpts</div><div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;">"Fast forward to the 21st century, when, in 2011, the World Health
Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
classified exposure to RF radiation as 2B—a possible cancer-causing
agent to humans. The IARC had evaluated the then-available scientific
studies and, although evidence was incomplete and limited (especially
regarding results from animal experiments), concluded that the
epidemiological studies of humans reported increased health risks for
long-term users of cellular mobile telephones. These risks included
gliomas (a type of malignant brain cancer) and acoustic neuromas (or
acoustic schwannomas—a nonmalignant tumor of the auditory nerves on the
side of the brain). This evidence was sufficiently strong to support a
classification of exposure to RF radiation possibly being carcinogenic
for humans <a id="gmail-m_-3855780108978409030m_6138377596057246171m_1668113181397883613m_-5997269671429583325gmail-context_ref_2_1">[2]</a>, <a id="gmail-m_-3855780108978409030m_6138377596057246171m_1668113181397883613m_-5997269671429583325gmail-context_ref_3_1">[3]</a>.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">In
2018, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) of the U.S. National
Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) reported observations
of two types of cancers in laboratory rats that were exposed, for their
entire lives, to RF radiation used for 2G and 3G wireless cellular
mobile telephone operations <a id="gmail-m_-3855780108978409030m_6138377596057246171m_1668113181397883613m_-5997269671429583325gmail-context_ref_4_1">[4]</a>, <a id="gmail-m_-3855780108978409030m_6138377596057246171m_1668113181397883613m_-5997269671429583325gmail-context_ref_5_1">[5]</a>.
This is the largest health-effect study ever undertaken by the
NIEHS/NTP for any agent. A 12-member peer review panel of independent
scientists convened by NIEHS/NTP evaluated the toxicology and
carcinogenesis studies and concluded, among other observations, that
there was statistically significant and “clear evidence” that the RF
radiation had led to the development of malignant schwannoma in the
heart of male rats.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">Shortly after the NTP report, the Cesare
Maltoni Cancer Research Center at the Ramazzini Institute in Bologna,
Italy, published the results from its comprehensive study on
carcinogenicity in rats with lifelong exposure to 2G/3G 1,800-MHz RF
radiation <a id="gmail-m_-3855780108978409030m_6138377596057246171m_1668113181397883613m_-5997269671429583325gmail-context_ref_6_1">[6]</a>.
The study involved whole-body exposure of male and female rats under
plane-wave equivalent or far-zone exposure conditions. A statistically
significant increase in the rate of schwannomas in the hearts of male
rats was detected for 0.1-W/kg RF exposure. It is critical to note that
the recent NTP and Ramazzini RF exposure studies presented similar
findings about heart schwannomas and brain gliomas. Thus, two relatively
well-conducted RF exposure studies, employing the same strain of rats,
showed consistent results of significantly increased cancer risks from
mobile phone exposures.</p><div style="margin-left: 40px;">
It is critical to note that the recent NTP and Ramazzini RF exposure
studies presented similar findings about heart schwannomas and brain
gliomas. Thus, two relatively well-conducted RF exposure studies,
employing the same strain of rats, showed consistent results of
significantly increased cancer risks from mobile phone exposures.<br /><br /><b>Recently,
a privately constituted group, with self-appointed membership,
published a set of guidelines for limiting exposure to RF
electromagnetic fields in the 100-kHz and 300-GHz frequency range [7].
The proposed guidelines were primarily based on the tissue-heating
potentials of RF radiation to elevate animal body temperatures to
greater than 1° C.</b> While recognizing that the two aforementioned studies
used large numbers of animals, best laboratory practice, and animals
exposed for the entirety of their lives, the private group preferred to
quibble with alleged “chance differences” between treatment conditions
and the fact that the measured animal body core temperature changes
reached 1° C, implying that a 1° C body core temperature rise is
carcinogenic, ignoring the RF exposure. The group then pronounced that,
when considered either in isolation or within the context of other
animal carcinogenicity research, these findings do not provide evidence
that RF radiation is carcinogenic.<br /><br /><b>Furthermore, the group noted
that, even though many epidemiological studies of RF radiation
associated with mobile phone use and cancer risk had been performed,
studies on brain tumors, acoustic neuroma, meningioma, and parotid gland
tumors had not provided evidence of an increased cancer risk.</b> It
suggested that, although somewhat elevated odds ratios were observed,
inconsistencies and limitations, including recall or selection bias,
precluded these results from being considered for setting exposure
guidelines. <b>The simultaneous penchant to dismiss and criticize positive
results and the fondness for and eager acceptance of negative findings
are palpable and concerning.</b><br /><br />In contrast, the IARC’s evaluation
of the same epidemiological studies ended up officially classifying RF
radiation as possibly carcinogenic to humans [2], [3].<br /><br /><b>An
understandable question that comes to mind is this: How can there be
such divergent evaluations and conclusions of the same scientific
studies? Humans are not always rational or as transparent as advertised,
and scientists are not impervious to conflicts of interest and can be
driven by egocentric motivations. Humans frequently make choices and
decisions that defy clear logic.</b><br /><br />Science has never been devoid of politics, believe it or not."<br /></div></div><b><br /></b><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><b>"Biases
can impair rational judgment and lead to poor decisions. Emotions can
keep humans from being rational and prevent us from arriving at obvious
conclusions. At times, humans systematically make choices and decisions
that defy clear logic. Regrettably, the herd mentality or groupthink is
as rampant today as ever.</b><br /><br />Some years ago, I commented, “Science
has become partisan. And the corollary, if science becomes partisan, is
it science or politics, or would it be political science?” [8]. <b>Perhaps,
it is simply a matter of the willing being politically correct.</b><br /><b><br />When
decisions are not arrived at by prudently balancing the facts or are
made via impaired rational judgment, it could lead to poor decisions
through biases.</b><br /><br />Cellular mobile communication and associated
wireless technologies have proven, beyond any debate, their direct
benefit to humans. However, <b>as for the verdict on the health and safety
of billions of people who are exposed to unnecessary levels of RF
radiation over extended lengths of time or even over their lifetimes,
the jury is still out. When confronted with such divergent assessments
of science, the ALARA—as low as reasonably achievable—practice and
principle should be followed for RF health and safety."</b><br /></div><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPrfgdl2020.pdf" target="_blank"><br /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPrfgdl2020.pdf" target="_blank">[7] “ICNIRP guidelines for limiting exposure to
electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz),”
Health Phys., vol. 118, no. 5, pp. 483–524, 2020.</a></span></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://goog_372778026" target="_blank"><br /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9393739" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/<wbr></wbr>stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=<wbr></wbr>9393739</a></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">==</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Aspects on the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 2020 Guidelines on Radiofrequency Radiation</b></div></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lennart Hardell, Mona Nilsson, Tarmo Koppel, Michael Carlberg. Aspects on the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 2020 Guidelines on Radiofrequency Radiation. J Cancer Sci Clin Ther. 2021; 5(2): 250-285. doi: 10.26502/jcsct.5079117.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstract</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) published 2020 updated guidelines on radiofrequency (RF) radiation in the frequency range 100 kHz to 300 GHz. Harmful effects on human health and the environment at levels below the guidelines are downplayed although evidence is steadily increasing. Only thermal (heating) effects are acknowledged and therefore form the basis for the guidelines. Despite the increasing scientific evidence of non-thermal effects, the new ICNIRP guidelines are not lower compared with the previous levels. Expert groups from the WHO, the EU Commission and Sweden are to a large extent made up of members from ICNIRP, with no representative from the many scientists who are critical of the ICNIRP standpoint.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">"As a general rule ICNIRP, WHO, SCENIHR and SSM have for many years dismissed available studies showing harmful effects from non-thermal RF exposure and have based their conclusions mainly on studies showing no effects. Results showing risk are criticized, disregarded or not even cited while studies showing no risks are accepted as evidence of no risk in spite of severe methodological problems. Many statements by these agencies are misleading and not correct. They are easily rebutted by reading the relevant publications....</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">All these expert groups dominated by ICNIRP consequently reach similar conclusions that there are no health effects below ICNIRP guidelines. No representative from the scientific community that is of the opinion that there is increasing evidence of health risks below the ICNIRP guidelines, e.g. as expressed in the EMF Scientists Appeal [24], has ever been a member of the expert groups at the WHO, the EU, the SSM or ICNIRP. Certainly scientists who do not discount evidence of health effects from exposure to RF radiation that are observed at exposures below guideline levels should be represented....</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP is not representative of the scientific community since it does not include representatives from scientists that agree there is evidence of harmful effects at levels well below ICNIRPs limits although these scientists are in majority in the scientific community [24]."</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">"ICNIRP’s conclusion [48] on cancer risks is: “In summary, no effects of radiofrequency EMFs on the induction or development of cancer have been substantiated.” This conclusion is not correct and is contradicted by scientific evidence. Abundant and convincing evidence of increased cancer risks and other negative health effects are today available. The ICNIRP 2020 guidelines allow exposure at levels known to be harmful. In the interest of public health, the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines should be immediately replaced by truly protective guidelines produced by independent scientists."</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.fortunejournals.com/abstract/aspects-on-the-international-commission-on-nonionizing-radiation-protection-icnirp-2020-guidelines-on-radiofrequency-radiation-2261.html" target="_blank">https://www.fortunejournals.com/abstract/aspects-on-the-international-commission-on-nonionizing-radiation-protection-icnirp-2020-guidelines-on-radiofrequency-radiation-2261.html</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">5g tests the limits of trust</span></b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Dariusz Leszczynski, Tekniikka & Talous, Jan 20, 2022 (Google translation from Finnish)<br /><br /><b>Dariusz Leszczynski estimates that the regulation of radiation in mobile communications is not sufficiently based on scientific evidence. More data. Coverage of 5g networks is increasing all the time.</b><br /><br />In 2020, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation (ICNIRP) updated its safety guidelines regarding exposure to radio frequency radiation (RF-EMF) emitted by wireless communication devices such as mobile phones and their base stations. The previous standard was from 1998.<br /><br />The World Health Organization WHO recommends the mentioned guideline, which has been adopted by a large part of the world's countries and has become part of the wireless regulatory framework. Although the US uses IEEE/ICES and FCC standards, it also seeks to "harmonize" with Icnirp.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s safety instructions are based on one basic principle, according to which the only proven health effect caused by radiation exposure is the thermal effect. It appears when the temperature of the skin tissue rises above 1 degree Celsius, and when the temperature rise falls below one degree Celsius, the radiation is considered harmless to health. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s view is that the radiation level of wireless devices according to its safety guidelines is not sufficient to produce a temperature rise in skin tissue. Furthermore, according to </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s science review, without that temperature rise there can be no proven effects. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> has drawn up its safety instructions to protect consumers only from possible thermal effects, which the commission considers sufficient.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />However, there are a large number of experimentally observed thermal-independent, non-thermal effects in both animals and laboratory-grown cells caused by exposure to wireless radiation well below the current exposure limits set by </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">. The researchers are concerned that similar, non-thermal reactions would also occur in users of mobile devices. This could lead to health problems. According to </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP's </span><span style="font-family: arial;">scientific position, this could not happen. Is the assessment of scientific evidence biased? Not all observations made by researchers about non-thermal effects can be "pure hallucinations".</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s instructions therefore only prevent the occurrence of an acute heat effect lasting from minutes to hours, but not repeated and long-lasting from months to decades. Although there have been published studies on acute effects that occur during or shortly after exposure, there are very few publications on long-term chronic exposure. The application of </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s standards to the real situation seems to be based on a mere safety assumption without a scientific basis.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />The standard is advertised as sufficient for every user regardless of age or health. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> assures that all population groups are equally protected, whether it is the growing and developing body of a small child, or an elderly person suffering from a chronic, potentially fatal disease, or a young, healthy, robust adult man.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Since human experimentation is limited for obvious ethical reasons, we need to look at epidemiology to determine long-term effects. Studies of long-term biological effects or health effects can take years and have limitations, so information is scarce. That is, there is no evidence to guarantee that Icnirp's safety instructions would cover everyone, regardless of age or health status, also taking into account how long people have been using wireless devices. It's all about assumptions without a scientific basis.<br /><br />Looking at the ICNIRP commission, it is easy to see that the members have very similar views on key issues. They have expressed almost the same opinion; "wireless networks are absolutely safe within all security limits set by </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">." The scientific assessments prepared by </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s experts are often in conflict with the assessments of researchers outside the organisation's operations. It is even more interesting to observe how the members of the commission act when they are placed in national scientific committees in the company of scientists from outside the organization. In this case, they may draw conclusions that conflict with </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s views. Recently, these dissenting opinions were published by, among others, the BERENIS Committee in Switzerland,</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />For most users of wireless technology, Icnirp is just an abbreviation. Consumers are told that it acts only as a committee on science with no other influence, be it industry or a government radiation regulatory body. However, many users are not aware of how Icnirp works in practice. For your consideration:<br /><br />1. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> is a group of about a dozen scientists who do not claim to represent anyone but themselves.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />2. It presents itself as outside the lobbying influence of industry and national radiation protection organizations.<br /><br />3. Retired members will be replaced by new members elected by the current members.<br /><br />4. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s selection criteria and their justifications for selecting new members are not publicly available. Only members know why a person has been selected for their group.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />5. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> is not responsible for the scientific decisions it makes to any party.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />6. No one can control the methods used by </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP </span><span style="font-family: arial;">to achieve the safety guidelines it recommends.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />7. No one supervises its operation.<br /><br />8. It is not legally responsible for its scientific statements. Legal liability is limited to what members say. It's just a matter of instructions and no one is legally obliged to use them. Even if the instructions turned out to be incorrect, no one could legally sue </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />However, the telecommunications industry and national radiation protection organizations have ended up using </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP's </span><span style="font-family: arial;">safety instructions. By doing so, they are legally responsible for any health risks caused by the devices they manufacture, even if they meet </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP's </span><span style="font-family: arial;">guidelines. In other words, the Commission avoids the legal responsibility that remains with the operators in the field if the use of the equipment causes health problems. The members themselves are responsible only to "God and history" for all the right or wrong decisions they make.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />In order to fully understand the great significance of this complete lack of oversight of Icnirp's operations, it must be remembered that the safety guidelines developed by Icnirp are the only guidelines used by the industry that manufactures and operates wireless communication equipment and infrastructure in most of the world.<br /><br />Basically, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s security guidelines legitimize the operation of the telecommunications industry, which in 2019 had an annual value of approximately $1.74 trillion worldwide. The </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> in question is an organization that claims to be completely independent of all outside interests and operates without any kind of supervisor or control, without responsibility for its scientific decisions.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />The introduction of the new 5th generation wireless communication, 5g, which is currently underway, has further raised the debate about the validity of </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s standards. New in wireless 5g communication is the use of millimeter waves and frequencies above 20 GHz – 300 GHz. Although millimeter waves can transfer large amounts of data, they have the problem of how far the data can be sent within the limits of short wavelength bandwidth. This causes very frequent deployment of base stations (cell antennas) in different areas. Roughly estimating, one small base station would be placed on every other lamp post, and base stations would also be required inside buildings. In practice, this leads to the fact that in a few years, urban environments will be saturated with millimeter waves, when 5g has been fully implemented.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />In its 2020 guidelines, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> assures that consumers' health is fully protected. How does the Commission know that? Research on millimeter waves and health is limited. Recently published scientific reviews have selected various databases and found only a small number of studies on the health effects of millimeter waves. Most of the publications deal with radiation measurements and dosimetry, not biological or health effects. In 2019 Simkó and Mattsson published a review that included only 97 experimental studies and in 2020 Leszczynski published a review of 99 experimental studies. In 2021, Karipidis et al. published a review that included 107 experimental studies. Most millimeter wave studies consist of small, laboratory or animal experiments,</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />The lack of research causes confusion and problems in communities. When users ask for scientific evidence about the health effects of 5g millimeter waves, they get no answers. Research has not yet been done sufficiently and the safety of 5g cannot be scientifically proven. However, it would be possible to conduct a sufficient number of studies on 5g that would either show whether the health effects are minor or even insignificant.<br /><br />It is interesting, but also worrying, to note what Rodney Croft, chairman of </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">, a professor of psychology at the University of Wollongong, Australia, stated in an interview on Australian TV on June 16, 2020: "There is no harm associated with 5g". "Look, it's quite true that the amount of research looking at 5g is very limited, but from a science perspective, this is simply not relevant."</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />In this scientifically and legally complex situation, there is an urgent need to carry out an independent validation of the results of </span><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP</span><span style="font-family: arial;">'s scientific review and the validity of its safety guidelines.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><br /></i></span><div><i><span style="font-family: arial;">The author is PhD, DSc, docent of biochemistry at the University of Helsinki and editor-in-chief of the Radiation and Health section of Frontiers in Public Health (impact factor 3.709). He has worked from 2000 to 2013 as a research professor at the Radiation Protection Center.</span></i></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/uutiset/puheenvuoro-5g-testaa-luottamuksen-rajoja/7b268023-12f2-4889-bc7c-7825ad7115e3&source=gmail&ust=1658876540716000&usg=AOvVaw2NW-xlMRfQD54KiaCHUL64" href="https://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/uutiset/puheenvuoro-5g-testaa-luottamuksen-rajoja/7b268023-12f2-4889-bc7c-7825ad7115e3" target="_blank">https://www.tekniikkatalous.<wbr></wbr>fi/uutiset/puheenvuoro-5g-<wbr></wbr>testaa-luottamuksen-rajoja/<wbr></wbr>7b268023-12f2-4889-bc7c-<wbr></wbr>7825ad7115e3</a> </span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">--</div><h3 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Health risks from radiofrequency radiation, including 5G, should be assessed by experts with no conflicts of interest</span></b></h3><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg, Health risks from radiofrequency radiation, including 5G, should be assessed by experts with no conflicts of interest. Oncol Lett. 2020 Oct;20(4):15. doi: 10.3892/ol.2020.11876.
<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />The fifth generation, 5G, of radiofrequency (RF) radiation is about to be implemented globally without investigating the risks to human health and the environment. This has created debate among concerned individuals in numerous countries. In an appeal to the European Union (EU) in September 2017, currently endorsed by >390 scientists and medical doctors, a moratorium on 5G deployment was requested until proper scientific evaluation of potential negative consequences has been conducted. This request has not been acknowledged by the EU. The evaluation of RF radiation health risks from 5G technology is ignored in a report by a government expert group in Switzerland and a recent publication from The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Conflicts of interest and ties to the industry seem to have contributed to the biased reports. The lack of proper unbiased risk evaluation of the 5G technology places populations at risk. Furthermore, there seems to be a cartel of individuals monopolizing evaluation committees, thus reinforcing the no-risk paradigm. We believe that this activity should qualify as scientific misconduct.<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Open access paper: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7405337/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7405337/</a></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">==</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><h3><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection: Conflicts of interest, corporate capture and the push for 5G<br /></span></b><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">June 2020</span></b></span></h3></div><div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #323232; font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This 98 page report
was commissioned, coordinated and published by two Members of the European
Parliament – Michèle Rivasi and Klaus Buchner. The report was written by Hans
van Scharen with editing by Erik Lamberand additional research support from Tomas Vanheste. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #323232; font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Greens/EfA group in the European Parliament financed the preparation of this report.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #323232; font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Excerpts</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">“<span style="font-size: 11pt;">This report deals with an
issue of which the importance cannot be overrated: the possible health effects
of Radiofrequency Radiation (RfR) or electro magnetic fields (EMF)</span>.<span style="font-size: 11pt;"> It deals more specifically with how the scientific
debate has been hijacked by corporate interests from the Telecom industry.</span>”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">“The findings of this report
(‘The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection: Conflicts
of interest and the push for 5G’) give us an uncomfortable déjà-vu: many facts
and processes that lead to the actual situation whereby European authorities –
from the European Commission to most of the member states – simply close their
eyes for real scientific facts and early warnings. We have seen exactly the
same scenario in the debate on Tobacco, asbestos, climate change and
pesticides. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Also in its latest guidelines
from March this year, ICNIRP assures the world that there is no scientific
evidence of adverse health effects from the radiation that comes with the new
communication technologies, within the limits it proposes. But at the same time
a growing number of scientists and also citizens are worried that EMFs do cause
health problems. ICNIRP pretends to be scientifically neutral, and free from
vested interests of the Telecom industry. We show with this study that this is
‘playing with the truth’ or simply a lie.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">In the debate on EMF and possible health effects, terms like ‘corporate
capture’ of scientific research and </span><span style="color: #0462c1; font-size: 11.5pt;">‘<b>war game science’</b> </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">are
often used, and references to the tactics of the tobacco industry are often
made. According to several authors, these tactics also influence organisations
like ICNIRP and WHO’s International EMF Project….”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">“This appears to be a global
issue. US researcher, Norm Alster, in </span><span style="color: #0462c1; font-size: 11.5pt;"><b>his report</b> </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">‘Captured
Agency’ describes what this kind of corporate capture can lead to by referring
to the workings of the FCC (Federal Communications Commission), which is the
main official US institution that deals with Telecom issues, and is sometimes
mentioned in critiques of ICNIRP: “That is a term that comes up time and time
again with the FCC. Captured agencies are essentially controlled by the
industries they are supposed to regulate. A detailed look at FCC actions—and
non-actions—shows that over the years the FCC has granted the wireless industry
pretty much what it has wanted”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">“As a result, consumer safety,
health, and privacy, along with consumer wallets, have all been overlooked,
sacrificed, or raided due to unchecked industry influence. (…) Most insidious
of all, the wireless industry has been allowed to grow unchecked and virtually
unregulated, with fundamental questions on public health impact routinely
ignored. (…) Industry control, in the case of wireless health issues, extends
beyond Congress and regulators to basic scientific research. And in an obvious
echo of the hardball tactics of the tobacco industry, the wireless industry has
backed up its economic and political power by stonewalling on public relations
and bullying potential threats into submission with its huge standing army of
lawyers. (…) Industry behaviour also includes self-serving public relations and
hyper aggressive legal action. It can also involve undermining the credibility
of, and cutting off funding for, researchers who do not endorse cellular
safety. It is these hardball tactics that recall 20</span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">th </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">century Big
Tobacco tactics.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Conclusion</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">“ICNIRP presents itself, and is
described by the European Commission and in the media, as an independent
international commission that gives advice based on scientific evidence. We
believe that there are various reasons to question this (self)-image. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">The composition of ICNIRP is
very one sided. With only </span><span style="color: #323232; font-size: 11.5pt;">one
medically qualified person (but not an expert in wireless radiation) out of a
total of 14 scientists in the ICNIRP Commission and also a small minority of
members with medical qualifications in the Scientific Expert Group, we can
safely say that </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">ICNIRP has been, and is
still, dominated by physical scientists. This may not be the wisest composition
when your remit is to offer advice on human health and safety to governments
around the world.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As one can read in the 45
portraits of the members of the ICNIRP commission and of the Scientific Expert
Group (SEG), they all share the same position on the safety issues:
non-ionising radiation poses no health threats and the only effects it has are
thermal. ICNIRP says "non-ionising radiation poses no health threats if it
does not heat the tissue by more than 1 °C", by which it admits that there
are possible health effects, but only if exposure levels to strong radiation
are too high”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Over the past years, and on
many platforms, various EMF-experts have stated that ICNIRP is wrong to
continue dismissing certain scientific studies showing adverse health effects –
like the American NTP-study - and is mistaken in its almost dogmatic conviction
that “non-ionising radiation poses no health threats and the only possible
health effects it has are thermal in case of strong radiation”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Even after much criticism from
members of the global scientific community, ICNIRP still adheres to the
paradigm that the only proven effects (on health) are thermal. “ICNIRP appears
to take into account only the warming of tissue and uncontrolled muscle
contractions, although they claim in the most recent advice, that they also
evaluated other mechanisms”, writes Dutch Professor Hans Kromhout, who is
currently leading a long-term study (in the Netherlands) into the effects of
mobile phone use on human health, and who is chairman of a special committee on
Electromagnetic Fields of the leading Dutch Health Council, which advises the
Dutch government. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It seems that “a closed circle
of like-minded scientists” has turned ICNIRP into a self-indulgent science
club, with a lack of bio-medical expertise, as well as a lack of scientific
expertise in specific risk assessments. Thereby, creating a situation which
might easily lead to “tunnel-vision” in the organisation’s scope. Two leading
experts, Hans Kromhout and Chris Portier, confirmed to us that ICNIRP is a
closed, non-accountable and one-sided organisation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As many scientists and critical
observers have pointed out, it seems that ICNIRP members are either oblivious
to, or are ignoring, scientific studies that find possible adverse health
effects in the absence of heating. Even though some ICNIRP-members have
themselves acknowledged that industry-funded scientific research tends to
produce less findings showing adverse health effects of EMF, whereas publicly
funded studies – like the NTP-study – do find significant links between EMF and
adverse health effects, this does not seem to influence one iota the views of
ICNIRP-members.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">The majority of
ICNIRP-scientists have done, or are doing, research partly funded by industry.
Is this important? As we argue in the introduction, we believe it is.
Scientific publications, co-authored by two ICNIRP-scientists – Anke Huss and
Martin Röösli, confirm the importance of funding. In 2006 and 2009 they did a
systematic review of the effects of the source of funding in experimental
studies of mobile phone use on health, and their conclusion was that</span><span style="color: #505050; font-size: 11.5pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">“</span><span style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11.5pt;">industry-sponsored studies were least
likely to report results suggesting (adverse health) effects”. And theirs is
not the only study that showed this, as there have been numerous studies of the
differences in reporting from industry-funded research versus publicly-funded
research that suggest a strong funding bias on the results. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">In addition to the fact that
certain members of ICNIRP, are simultaneously members of the International
Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (ICES) of the US-registered Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), we have seen further evidence of a
close cooperation between ICNIRP and ICES, an organisation in which many people
from the media and telecom industries, as well as from the military, are
actively and structurally involved. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11.5pt;">D</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">uring the current
leadership of ICNIRP, these ties have become even closer “</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #323232; font-size: 11.5pt;">with the goal of setting internationally
harmonized safety limits for exposure to electromagnetic fields”. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">This must surely be considered as a situation in which
conflicts of interest are a real possibility.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">It is clear </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #0462c1; font-size: 11.5pt;"><b>from ICES minutes</b> </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11.5pt;">that ICNIRP worked very closely with IEEE/ICES on the
creation of the new RF safety guidelines that were published in March 2020. And
this implies that large telecom-companies such as Motorola and others, as well
as US military, had a direct influence on the ICNIRP guidelines, which are
still the basis for EU-policies in this domain ….</span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Despite ICNIRP positioning
itself, during the last 25 years, as the sole purveyor of scientific truth when
it comes to possible relation between EMF and adverse health effects, it would
not be right to hold this scientific NGO solely accountable if, one day, it
were to become undisputed that EMF do cause health problems. National
governments, as well as the European Commission, which is, after all, the
‘Guardian of the Treaty’, have a duty of care and protection of their citizens,
and therefore should also take the legally binding ‘precautionary principle’
into account. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">We think that the call for more
independent scientific assessment in this area is, for all the arguments
mentioned above and in what follows, fully justified.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">That is the most important
conclusion of this report: for really independent scientific advice we cannot
rely on ICNIRP. The European Commission and national governments, from
countries like Germany, should stop funding ICNIRP. It is high time that the
European Commission creates a new, public and fully independent advisory
council on non-ionizing radiation. The funds currently allocated to ICNIRP
could be used to set up this new organisation. And given the overall rise in
R&D funding via Horizon Europe, with a foreseen budget (for 2021-2027) of
between 75 and 100 billion euros, funding should in no way constitute an
insurmountable hurdle to setting up this new, truly independent, body.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
</span>
</span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Open Access Report: <a href="https://bit.ly/icnirpCOIreport" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/icnirpCOIreport</a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">P.S. <a href="https://www.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/PORTIER_Bio.pdf" target="_blank"><b>Dr. Christopher Portier</b></a>, while the Director of the CDC National Center for Environmental Health, represented the U.S. government on the expert working group convened in 2011 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization to review the carcinogenic classification of radio frequency radiation. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">See also: </span><br />
</span><div>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">5G : l’impartialité du comité qui guide l’Europe pour protéger la population des ondes en question
</span></h2>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Un
rapport de deux députés européens accuse la commission internationale
de protection contre les rayonnements non ionisants d’être trop proche
de l’industrie des télécoms.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="color: blue;">Stéphane Mandard</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">, Le Monde, 19 juin 2020</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/sante/article/2020/06/19/5g-l-impartialite-du-comite-qui-guide-l-europe-pour-proteger-la-population-des-ondes-en-question_6043352_1651302.html" target="_blank">https://www.lemonde.fr/sante/<wbr></wbr>article/2020/06/19/5g-l-<wbr></wbr>impartialite-du-comite-qui-<wbr></wbr>guide-l-europe-pour-proteger-<wbr></wbr>la-population-des-ondes-en-<wbr></wbr>question_6043352_1651302.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">==</span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The Lies Must Stop Disband ICNIRP: Facts Matter, Now More Than Ever</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Louis Slesin (Editor), Microwave News, April 9, 2020</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Excerpts:</span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"... science has taken a back seat to politics. The failure to separate fact
from fiction has made the battle against the coronavirus far worse,
especially in the U.S. Much the same can be said of how governments and
scientific committees have addressed electromagnetic health risks.</span> </span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The public has been fed lies and half-truths about the health effects
of RF/microwave radiation ... since
the 1970s. The campaign has created a culture of confusion, especially
with respect to cell phones and cancer. In this environment, why would
anyone be surprised that sensational conspiracy theories about 5G have
found a footing?</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The <a href="https://microwavenews.com/" target="_blank"><b><em>Microwave News</em> website</b></a> is chock-full of articles
describing how the public has been misled time and time again. Here are
two current examples from those who are supposed to serve as the world’s
experts and to <em>protect</em> us from EMF/RF hazards: the members of the International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection,<b> <a href="https://www.icnirp.org/" target="_blank">ICNIRP</a></b> for short.</span> </span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>The first</b> is from<b> <a href="https://nl.linkedin.com/in/eric-van-rongen-73b84614" target="_blank">Eric van Rongen</a></b> of The Netherlands, the current chairman of ICNIRP... Two minutes into his PowerPoint narration you
can hear him say, “There is no evidence from all [this] scientific
information for the induction of cancer by radiofrequency fields” ...</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Anyone who has been paying any attention at all knows that ...<em>The U.S. National Toxicology Program has found </em><em><b><a href="https://microwavenews.com/news-center/ntp-final-rf-report" target="_blank">“clear evidence”</a> </b>that exposure to RF radiation can lead to cancer.</em></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">... the NTP study is only one of many that show an
RF–cancer link. It’s the most important and the most persuasive, but
hardly the only one.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ICNIRP may not agree with the NTP finding, but that <em>is</em> what
the $30 million animal study showed. Its members want you to think that
they know better and that the NTP results are untrustworthy....</span><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b></b></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>The second example</b> comes from a[n annual]<b> <a href="https://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/contentassets/47542ee6308b4c76b1d25ae0adceca15/2020-04-recent-research-on-emf-and-health-risk---fourteenth-report-from-ssms-scientific-council-on-electromagnetic-fields-2019.pdf" target="_blank">report</a></b> prepared for the <b><a href="https://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/en/about-the-authority/" target="_blank">Swedish Radiation Safety Authority</a></b>
by a nine-member panel of experts ... Van Rongen
and Switzerland’s <b><a href="https://www.swisstph.ch/de/staff/profile/people/martin-roeoesli/" target="_blank">Martin Röösli</a></b>,
who is also on ICNIRP, are members of this panel....</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">... the NTP warning was the most important RF–health
development not only of 2018, but of the decade and most likely of the
new millennium. Yet the expert panel chose to ignore it.<sup>‡</sup></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">... That was <em>the</em> headline news of 2018. “Clear evidence” was a
game changer; leaving it out of the annual update is a sure sign of
bias ... it could well have been the title of the panel’s 2018
update. But van Rongen, Röösli and the others ignored it.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">This cannot go on. The first step is for ICNIRP ... to be disbanded. The Swedish panel should also be
dissolved and reconstituted with a more balanced membership. Indeed, all
expert committees should be broadened to include those who allow that
more than RF tissue heating may be at work.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">But most important: The lies and distortions must stop. Otherwise,
confusion and conspiracy theories will continue to run rampant. The net
result is that the entire RF research enterprise will lack credibility,
which, unfortunately, is the objective of many of the leading players.</span></blockquote>
<div class="gmail-large">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><strong></strong></span></div>
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>To read the full article: <a href="https://microwavenews.com/news-center/time-clean-house" target="_blank">https://microwavenews.com/news-center/time-clean-house</a></b></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></span>==<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">March 11, 2020</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>New Guidelines Adopted by the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) </b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Protect Us Only from Thermal or Heating Effects</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The ICNIRP issued a <b><a href="http://icnirp.org/cms/upload/presentations/ICNIRP_Media_Release_110320.pdf" target="_blank">media release</a></b> today to announce the publication of its<a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPrfgdl2020.pdf" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank"> new human exposure guidelines for non-ionizing radiation</a><b> </b><span style="text-align: center;">(100 KHz to 300 GHz) in the journal <i>Health Physics</i>. The guidelines address </span><span style="text-align: center;">radio, WiFi, and Bluetooth in addition to </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">3G, 4G, and </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">5G cell phones and cell towers.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">According to ICNIRP Chairman, Eric van Rongen, "</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">We know parts of the community are concerned about the safety of 5G and we hope the updated guidelines will help put people at ease."</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">However, ICNIRP's new </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">guidelines are likely to have the opposite effect and increase public concerns about wireless technology because the guidelines were designed to protect us only from short-term </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">heating (or thermal) effects. The guidelines fail to protect us from non-thermal effects, especially from long-term exposure to wireless radiation because </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ICNIRP continues to dismiss </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">the many hundreds of peer-reviewed studies that have found biologic and health effects from exposure to low-intensity, radio frequency radiation including many human as well as animal studies. The<b> <a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/10/powerwatchlist.html" target="_blank">preponderance of the research</a></b> has found evidence of increased <b><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2017/04/cell-phone-and-cordless-phone-use.html" target="_blank">cancer incidence</a></b>, oxidative stress, <a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/02/effects-of-exposure-to-electromagnetic.html" target="_blank"><b>DNA damage</b></a>, and <b><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/09/effect-of-mobile-phones-on-sperm.html" target="_blank">infertility</a> </b>from exposure to wireless radiation.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPrfgdl2020.pdf" target="_blank">ICNIRP guidelines pdf</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/presentations/ICNIRP_Media_Release_110320.pdf" target="_blank">ICNIRP media release</a><br /><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/en/rf-faq/index.html" target="_blank">ICNIRP FAQs</a><br /><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/en/differences.html" target="_blank">Differences between 2020 and 1998 ICNIRP guidelines</a> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP. Guidelines for limiting exposure to
electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz). Health Phys
118(00):000–000; 2020. Pre-print. DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001210. <a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPrfgdl2020.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPrfgdl2020.pdf</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">==</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>January 1, 2020</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>ICNIRP's Revised RF Exposure Limits Will Ignore Expert Opinions </b></span><b>of Most EMF Scientists</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">According to Eric van Rongen, chairman of the International Commission on Non-ionizing Research Protection (ICNIRP), in August or September the ICNIRP plans to publish </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">its revised </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">guidelines regarding safe human exposure limits to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) (100 kHz - 300 GHz).</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">On April 17, 2019, Van Rongen made a presentation about the revised guidelines to the French National Frequency Agency. The ICNIRP </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">guidelines will still be based only on </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">thermal or heating effects. The Commission continues to i</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">gnore the many hundreds of peer-reviewed studies that have found bioeffects and health effects from exposure to low intensity, non-thermal levels of RF radiation.</span></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">Van Rongen made the following claims (see slide 8 of the presentation):</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></div>
<ul style="text-align: start;">
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">"No evidence that RF EMF causes such diseases as cancer</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> Results of NTP, Falcioni studies (animals, lifetime exposure) not convincing (statement on ICNIRP website)</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">No evidence that RF EMF impairs health beyond effects that are due to established mechanisms of interaction"</span></li>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The 13 commissioners of the ICNIRP strongly disagree with more than 240 EMF scientists who </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">signed the </span><a href="https://emfscientist.org/" target="_blank">International EMF Scientist Appeal</a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">. These scientists who </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">have published over <a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/06/international-scientist-appeal-on.html" target="_blank">2,000 papers</a> in professional journals on EMF and biology or health stated:</span></span></div>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #414141;"><span style="font-family: arial;">"The various agencies setting safety standards have failed to impose sufficient guidelines to protect the general public, particularly children who are more vulnerable to the effects of EMF. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) established in 1998 the “Guidelines For Limiting Exposure To Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields (up to 300 GHz)” . These guidelines are accepted by the WHO and numerous countries around the world. The WHO is calling for all nations to adopt the ICNIRP guidelines to encourage international harmonization of standards. In 2009, the ICNIRP released a statement saying that it was reaffirming its 1998 guidelines, as in their opinion, the scientific literature published since that time “has provided no evidence of any adverse effects below the basic restrictions and does not necessitate an immediate revision of its guidance on limiting exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields. ICNIRP continues to the present day to make these assertions, in spite of growing scientific evidence to the contrary. <b>It is our opinion that, because the ICNIRP guidelines do not cover long-term exposure and low-intensity effects, they are insufficient to protect public health."</b></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">During the public consultation period, about 120 contributors provided the ICNIRP with more than 1,000 comments regarding the draft guidelines. </span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">How </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">many contributors called for RF exposure guidelines that protect humans and other species from health risks due to exposure to low-intensity or non-thermal levels of RF radiation? Did the ICNIRP seriously consider the public input in revising the guidelines? </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Will the </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ICNIRP publish these comments?</span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The slides from the van Rongen presentation (marked "Draft -- Do Not Cite or Quote") are available at: </span><a href="https://www.anfr.fr/fileadmin/mediatheque/documents/expace/workshop-5G/20190417-Workshop-ANFR-ICNIRP-presentation.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.anfr.fr/fileadmin/mediatheque/documents/expace/workshop-5G/20190417-Workshop-ANFR-ICNIRP-presentation.pdf</a></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial;">Related posts:</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/03/cellphones-cell-towers-wireless.html" target="_blank">"Cell Phones, Cell Towers, and Wireless Safety"</a> (UC Berkeley presentation / video & slides, Feb. 2019)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2015/06/international-scientist-appeal-on.html" target="_blank">International EMF Scientist Appeal</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/11/NTP-final-reports31.html" target="_blank">NTP Cell Phone Radiation Study: Final Reports</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2016/06/national-toxicology-program-not-first.html" target="_blank">NTP: Not the First Govt. Study to Find Wireless Radiation Can Cause Cancer in Lab Rats</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/03/RI-study-on-cell-phone.html" target="_blank">Ramazzini Institute Cell Phone Radiation Study Replicates NTP Study</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2019/06/mobile-communications-public-health.html">Mobile Communications and Public Health</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/10/powerwatchlist.html" target="_blank">PowerWatch: 1,670 Scientific Papers on EMF</a> (1979 - 2018)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2018/02/effects-of-exposure-to-electromagnetic.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: 1,027 Studies</span></a></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial;">==</span></div><div style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: start;"><b style="font-family: arial;">February 12, 2019 (Links updated January 30, 2024)</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9AF1DvP0drVfHa1VmDfUpOlDj5uwt9PiBciMkPDQxqot92wYI5dDQgjgtBWyx_8-bvhoYUr3P4ObZ6uiMvefqaqBSwfaks3yudHUDY9rwF46yCS_3EH3KsftgR7ma9sCfx9_DAUA3hcM/s1600/ICNIRP+cartel+English+version.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="759" data-original-width="656" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9AF1DvP0drVfHa1VmDfUpOlDj5uwt9PiBciMkPDQxqot92wYI5dDQgjgtBWyx_8-bvhoYUr3P4ObZ6uiMvefqaqBSwfaks3yudHUDY9rwF46yCS_3EH3KsftgR7ma9sCfx9_DAUA3hcM/s640/ICNIRP+cartel+English+version.JPG" width="552" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>The "ICNIRP Cartel" and "The 5G Mass Experiment"</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> "... it could also harm your health. Europe's
governments ignore the danger."</span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 15pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">As part of
a project called, “The 5G Mass Experiment,” Investigate Europe, a team of
investigative journalists from the European Union (EU), examined the risks of
deployment of 5G, the fifth generation of mobile phone technology, and the
adequacy of electromagnetic field (EMF) safety guidelines promoted by the
International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 15pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">To date,
the team has published <b>22 articles </b>in major newspapers and magazines in <b>eight </b>countries: France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the United Kingdom.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 15pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">Investigate
Europe alleges the existence of an “<b>ICNIRP
cartel</b>.” The journalists identified a group of fourteen scientists who either
helped create, or defend, the EMF exposure guidelines disseminated by ICNIRP, a
non-governmental organization (NGO) based in Germany. ICNIRP’s self-selected
members and advisors believe that EMF safety guidelines need to protect humans
only from heating (or thermal) effects due to acute EMF exposure. ICNIRP scientists
argue that the thousands of peer-reviewed studies that have found harmful
biologic or health effects from chronic exposure to non-thermal levels of EMF
are insufficient to warrant stronger safety guidelines. The journalists argue that
the cartel promotes the ICNIRP guidelines by conducting biased reviews of the scientific
literature that minimize health risks from EMF exposure. These reviews have
been conducted for the World Health Organization (WHO) and other government
agencies. By preserving the ICNIRP EMF exposure guidelines favored by industry,
the cartel ensures that the cellular industry will continue to fund health
effects research. Besides these fourteen scientists, perhaps several dozen EMF
scientists in the EU and other countries actively defend the ICNIRP exposure
guidelines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 15pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;">In
contrast to the dozens of EMF scientists who support the ICNIRP EMF exposure
guidelines, more than 240 EMF scientists from 42 nations who published
peer-reviewed research on EMF and biology or health totaling over 2,000 papers
have signed the </span><a href="https://emfscientist.org/index.php/emf-scientist-appeal" target="_blank"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;">International EMF Scientist Appeal</span></b></a><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;">. The Appeal calls on
the WHO, the United Nations and all member nations to adopt much stronger EMF exposure guidelines that
protect humans and other species from sub-thermal levels of EMF exposure and
to issue health warnings about the risks of EMF exposure.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 15pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><b>The 5G Mass Experiment and the ICNIRP Cartel</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">A compilation of the information gathered by Investigate Europe about the ICNIRP Cartel members and the health agencies that the Cartel affected can be downloaded at:<b> </b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span> <a href="http://bit.ly/ICNIRPcartel-031519" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/ICNIRPcartel-031519</a></span><span>. </span></span></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">The information on these pages was extracted from “</span><b style="font-size: 11pt;">The ICNIRP Cartel: Who’s Who in the EMF Research World</b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">,” an </span><b style="font-size: 11pt;">interactive graphic</b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> developed by Investigate Europe which can be found at <b><a href="https://www.kumu.io/Investigate-Europe/whos-who" target="_blank">https://www.kumu.io/Investigate-Europe/whos-who</a></b>.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 15pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt;">For more
information see:</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 15pt 0.5in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;">Investigate
Europe (2019). The 5G Mass Experiment. <b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331035052/https://www.investigate-europe.eu/publications/the-5g-mass-experiment/">https://web.archive.org/web/20190331035052/https://www.investigate-europe.eu/publications/the-5g-mass-experiment/</a></b></span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;">. (</span><a href="https://translate.google.com/" target="_blank"><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;">Google Translate</span></a><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;"> is a useful tool for translating these
articles into other languages.)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14.6667px;">Investigate Europe (2019). How Much is Safe?<b> </b></span></span><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><b><a href="https://www.investigate-europe.eu/posts/how-much-is-safe" target="_blank">https://www.investigate-europe.eu/posts/how-much-is-safe</a></b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;">Investigate Europe (2019). </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mobile phones and health: Is 5G being rolled out too fast?</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #222222;"> </span><a href="https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Mobile-phones-and-health-is-5G-being-rolled-out-too-fast" target="_blank"><b>https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Mobile-phones-and-health-is-5G-being-rolled-out-too-fast</b></a><br />
</span><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><i> Countries are deploying 5G at breakneck speed to gain a competitive edge, but scientists have concerns about effects on public health and are calling for a precautionary approach.</i></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Related Information:</span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #1f497d; mso-themecolor: text2;"><a href="http://www.saferemr.com/2013/05/upcoming-who-meeting-on-radiofrequency.html" target="_blank">WHO Radiofrequency Radiation Policy</a></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/12/RFR-limits-effects.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #1f497d; mso-themecolor: text2;">Worldwide Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure Limits versus Health Effects</span></b></a><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="color: #1f497d; mso-themecolor: text2;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #1f497d;"><a href="https://emfscientist.org/index.php/emf-scientist-appeal" target="_blank">International EMF Scientist Appeal</a></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Nov 1, 2018</span></b></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1f497d; font-family: arial; line-height: 28.8px;">THE EMF CALL: Scientists and NGO's call for better protection from Exposure to Radiation from Wireless Technology</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1f497d; font-family: arial;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.emfcall.org/&source=gmail&ust=1542223961805000&usg=AFQjCNFVK0ny_WdrZjPo2Ki4j2WZodqyFg" href="http://www.emfcall.org/" style="color: purple;" target="_blank">www.emfcall.org</a></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17.6px;">Press-Release Nov 1, 2018 </span></b>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: #1f497d;"></span></b></span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 22.4px;">157
scientists and medical doctors together with 86 non-governmental
organizations (NGO’s) from all over the world are calling for more
protective limits for exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless
technologies. In a joint statement, THE EMF CALL, they conclude that
the ICNIRP guidelines are unscientific and do not protect against
harmful health effects including cancer.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial;">The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) issued draft Guidelines on 11<sup>th</sup> July 2018 for limiting exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (EMF) (100 kHz to 300 GHz).<sup> </sup>The
guidelines are inadequate to protect humans and the environment, as
they only protect against acute thermal effects from very short and
intense exposure. They do not protect against cancer, reproductive harm,
or effects on the nervous system, although the preponderance of the
peer-reviewed research has found adverse effects from chronic exposure
at intensities below the ICNIRP limits.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 19.2px;">In
May, 2011, the World Health Organization’s cancer agency, the
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), concluded that
radiofrequency radiation </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 19.2px;">in the frequency range 30 kHz–300 GHz</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"> is a “possible” human carcinogen (Group 2B).<sup> </sup>However, the ICNIRP ignores this as well as the increasing evidence in recent years for carcinogenicity. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial; font-style: normal;">The
scientists and the NGO’s demand the development and adoption of new
medical guidelines that represent the state of medical science and that
are truly protective of human health and the environment. The
scientists and medical doctors, selected to review the scientific
literature and propose new radiofrequency radiation safety guidelines,
must be free of conflicts of interest including direct and indirect ties
to industry.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial; font-style: normal;"> <wbr></wbr> <wbr></wbr> <wbr></wbr> </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial; font-style: normal;">Professor David Carpenter, Director at the Institute for Health and the Environment, University of Albany, USA notes that:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial; font-style: normal;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US">The
evidence for harm from both 50/60 Hz EMFs and radiofrequency exposures
is strong in both human and animal studies. There are associations
between increasing exposure not only with cancer, but also with adverse
reproductive outcomes in both males and females, adverse effects on
cognitive function and behavior and increased risk of development of the
syndrome of electro-hypersensitivity. We must find ways of reducing
human exposure in order to reduce the incidence of human disease.</span><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1f497d; font-family: arial; font-style: normal;"></span></b></div>
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<span class="m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_3640781258326635086m_-2938421785409965167m_1414022623438635813gmail-m_5523418489462286001m_5770986840005472038gmail-m_-4982458212993680581Ingen"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 19.2px;">Dr. Lennart Hardell, Swedish oncologist with long-term research in this area says:</span></span></div>
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<span class="m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_3640781258326635086m_-2938421785409965167m_1414022623438635813gmail-m_5523418489462286001m_5770986840005472038gmail-m_-4982458212993680581Ingen"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_3640781258326635086m_-2938421785409965167m_1414022623438635813gmail-m_5523418489462286001m_5770986840005472038gmail-m_-4982458212993680581Ingen"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"></span></span><span class="m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_3640781258326635086m_-2938421785409965167m_1414022623438635813gmail-m_5523418489462286001m_5770986840005472038gmail-m_-4982458212993680581Ingen"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.2px;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_3640781258326635086m_-2938421785409965167m_1414022623438635813gmail-m_5523418489462286001m_5770986840005472038gmail-m_-4982458212993680581MsoListParagraph" style="font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 16px; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;">
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span class="m_8610326523066143164gmail-m_3640781258326635086m_-2938421785409965167m_1414022623438635813gmail-m_5523418489462286001m_5770986840005472038gmail-m_-4982458212993680581Ingen"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.2px;">The
roll-out of 5G, the fifth generation of telecommunication technology
will substantially increase exposure to radiofrequency radiation. Thus,
in addition to the urgent need for new guidelines on current exposure a
moratorium on the roll-out of 5G should be implemented.</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">Dr Joel Moskowitz, from the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA points out that the EMF CALL re-iterates the concerns raise</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">d
by the scientific community in the International EMF Scientist Appeal
about the harm caused by chronic exposure to low-intensity EMF: </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">Th</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">e
Appeal, which has been signed by more than 240 scientists who have
published over 2,000 peer-reviewed papers on EMF and biology or health,
calls for strengthening of EMF guidelines, especially to protect
children and pregnant women. For more information about the Appeal,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;"> see </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://emfscientist.org/&source=gmail&ust=1542223961805000&usg=AFQjCNGDG11zt1sNUBQS_VgAHskGv65Z6w" href="https://emfscientist.org/" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="font-style: normal;">https://<wbr></wbr>emfscientist.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;"> </span></span></div></div><div style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">According to Dr Gerd Oberfeld, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">from the Salzburg Public Health Department, Austria, the world has too long relied on incomplete EMF exposure guidelines:</span></span></div>
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<sup><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial; font-style: normal;"><br /></span></sup></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></sup><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US">The
body of scientific evidence for detrimental health effects from EMF
exposure is overwhelming. There is now even no need to call the
precautionary principle into play to take action. It is the duty of
scientists to inform the public and the duty of the public to force
governments to apply new truly protective EMF exposure guidelines as
well as to educate the society how to reduce EMF exposures.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><br /></span>
<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Contacts: </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US">David Carpenter, email: </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:dcarpenter@albany.edu" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif">dcarpenter@albany.edu</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Lennart Hardell, email: </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:lennart.hardell@environmentandcancer.com" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif">lennart.hardell@<wbr></wbr>environmentandcancer.com</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Joel Moskowitz, email: </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:jmm@berkeley.edu" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif">jmm@berkeley.edu</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Gerd Oberfeld, email: </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:gerd.oberfeld@salzburg.gv.at" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif">gerd.oberfeld@salzburg.gv.at</span></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><br /></span>
<span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US">See THE EMF CALL and all signatories at: <span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.emfcall.org/&source=gmail&ust=1542223961805000&usg=AFQjCNFVK0ny_WdrZjPo2Ki4j2WZodqyFg" href="http://www.emfcall.org/" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif">www.emfcall.org</span></a></span></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="m_8610326523066143164_m_3640781258326635086_m_-2938421785409965167_m_1414022623438635813_m_5523418489462286001_m_5770986840005472038_m_-4982458212993680581__GoBack"></a></span><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #002060; font-family: arial;">Swedish Radiation Protection Foundation</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #002060; font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.stralskyddsstiftelsen.se/" target="_blank">www.stralskyddsstiftelsen.se</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">==</div></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>How the Mobile Communication Industry Deals with Science </b></span><b>as Illustrated by ICNIRP versus NTP </b><br />
<b><br /></b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Franz Adlkofer, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Pandora Foundation for independent research, Oct 26, 2018</span><br />
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<div class="post post-1199 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-2018-en tag-2018-en tag-iarc-en tag-icnirp-en tag-ntp-study-en tag-research-en" id="post-1199">
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The development of mobile communication technologies starting with 1G
up to now 5G is a success story rarely heard of previously. It has only
been possible because industry experts in charge of the technology
assumed that radiofrequency (RF) radiation and its modulations – similar
to visible light – are biologically harmless. They believed in safety
limits that reliably protect people only from the acute thermal effects
of RF radiation inherent in the system. Biological effects below the
safety limits were categorically ruled out because their existence
allegedly contradicted the laws of physics.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">So, the technical use of RF radiation in mobile communication has
experienced hardly any limitation. Doubts about the harmlessness of this
radiation, just as old as the technique itself, have been countered by
the mobile communication industry as wrong and without basis. Compliant
scientists, whose preferred opinion was more important than their
qualifications, were generously supported and, by using political
connections, placed in national and international advisory and
decision-making bodies.</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">A milestone in putting through the interests of the mobile
communication industry was the establishment of the International
Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) in 1992. It is a
non-governmental organization. Michael Repacholi, then head of the
WHO’s EMF Project, managed to get official recognition for this group by
the WHO as well as the EU and a series of its member states, among them
Germany. Repacholi, first ICNIRP chairman and later emeritus – member,
left the WHO after allegations of corruption in 2006 and found a new
position as a consultant to an American electricity provider. ICNIRP’s
most important task is the establishment of safety limits for
non-ionizing radiation including RF radiation. Its decisions are of
utmost importance for the mobile communication industry’s economic and
strategic planning. The ICNIRP, whose members are convinced of the
harmlessness of RF radiation, has never changed its attitude despite all
research progress made in this field since 1992. To guarantee that the
mobile communication industry can permanently rely on ICNIRP, the
succession of a member who leaves is regulated by statute. The remaining
members select the new one on the basis of mutual understanding.
Together with the other groups mentioned above ICNIRP has ensured that
mobile communication industry is not only dominating the technical
research to which it is entitled to, but also the biological research –
this at the expense of the human health.</span></div>
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</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://pandora-foundation.eu/2018/10/26/how-the-mobile-communication-industry-deals-with-science-as-illustrated-by-icnirp-versus-ntp/#more-1199" target="_blank">https://pandora-foundation.eu/2018/10/26/how-the-mobile-communication-industry-deals-with-science-as-illustrated-by-icnirp-versus-ntp/#more-1199</a></span></div>
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</span>
<br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Full report: <a href="https://stiftung-pandora.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Pandora_Adlkofer_Dealing-with-NTP-Nancy-Draft_181026_en.pdf" target="_blank">https://stiftung-pandora.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Pandora_Adlkofer_Dealing-with-NTP-Nancy-Draft_181026_en.pdf</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Excerpts</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"There is no doubt that the evaluation of the NTP Study results by the invited panel members met all scientific criteria. This is also proven by the fact that the scientists responsible for the NTP Study have been confronted with numerous mistakes and other flaws, which could have been avoided with a better planning and implementation. However, these mistakes and flaws are by far not enough to question the most important result of the NTP Study, the evidence of carcinogenicity from mobile communication radiation."</span></div>
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</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"From the NTP Study it must be concluded that the safety limits established by ICNIRP are unable to guarantee the intended purpose, which is the protection of people from harmful effects of the mobile communication radiation, and that therefore time has come for IARC to adjust the classification of RF radiation from “possibly carcinogenic for humans” (Group 2B) to “probably carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2A) or even “carcinogenic to humans” (Group 1). Casting doubt on the NTP results, which threaten the business model of the mobile communication industry, as done by ICNIRP, is betrayal of science. If any further proof that ICNIRP is a public relations organization of the mobile communication industry would have been necessary, its Note on recent animal carcinogenesis studies (2) quoted above has finally adduced it. [See below.]</span></div>
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</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP argues that the NTP Study has no reliable basis to revise the current safety limits for RF radiation. Since its guidelines are solely based on acute thermal effects of the radiation, believing that other effects do not exist, the argument is not without logic to them. However, the NTP Study has clearly shown that this stand is absolutely unfounded, because the RF radiation unfolds its harmful effects also within the safety limits, when the exposure time is long enough. The NTP Study, up to now certainly the most ambitious and the most convincing one, has proven this with “clear evidence” (3,5). At the same time, it has refuted the reliability of the current safety limits. As always in such cases the robot-like answer by ICNIRP is that many questions must be answered until causality can finally be acknowledged. </span></div>
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</span><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP wants the perfect study. The fact that this is impossible because of the nature of biological research, can obviously not be imparted to its members. So they show either incompetence in regard of their scientific qualifications or, most probably, the intention to help the mobile communication industry in a difficult situation. It looks as if ICNIRP is once again used by this industry to enforce its interests, and this time with a method copied from the tobacco industry. By sowing doubt for decades, the tobacco industry succeeded in keeping people unsure about the already certain fact that smoking causes lung cancer. Now the mobile communication industry uses the same tactic, and this with even more dire consequences: the addiction might be comparable, but the number of addicts is by far much higher."</span></div><div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://betweenrockandhardplace.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/pandora_adlkofer_dealing-with-ntp_en.pdf" target="_blank">https://betweenrockandhardplace.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/pandora_adlkofer_dealing-with-ntp_en.pdf</a></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">==</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sep 12, 2018</span></b></div></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b>
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">US Scientist Criticizes ICNIRP’s
Refusal to Reassess Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Guidelines </span></b></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">after </span></b><b style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">US National
Toxicology Program Studies Show Clear Evidence of Cancer </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ronald L.
Melnick, Ph.D., has issued a scientific critique of ICNIRPs dismissal of the cell phone radiation studies conducted by the U.S. <o:p></o:p></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">National Toxicology Program (NTP).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">On
September 4, 2018, ICNIRP issued a “Note on Recent Animal Studies” that
concluded the $28 million NTP study did “not provide a reliable basis” for changing the over two
decades old guidelines on radio frequency- cell phone and wireless – radiation. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">In response, Dr. Melnick addressed 15 concerns raised by the ICNIRP about the NTP studies. He presented data to show that the ICNIRP document contains “numerous false and misleading
statements" and concluded by questioning who the ICNIRP is protecting:</span><br />
</span><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">"Based on numerous incorrect and misleading claims, the
ICNIRP report concludes that “these studies (NTP and Ramazzini) do not provide
a reliable basis for revising the existing radiofrequency exposure guidelines.”
The data on gliomas of the brain and schwannomas of the heart induced by cell
phone radiation are suitable for conducting a quantitative risk assessment and
subsequent re-evaluation of health-based exposure limits. The ‘P’ in ICNIRP
stands for Protection. One must wonder who this commission is trying to protect
– evidently, it is not public health."</span></blockquote>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Dr. Melnick was a Senior Scientist in the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. He </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">served as a toxicologist for over 28 years before retiring in 2009.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> In 2007 he received the </span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif">American Public Health Association’s David P. Ra</span>ll Award for science-based advocacy in public health.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br />Melnick RL. Critique of the ICNIRP Note of September 4, 20<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">18 Regarding Recent Animal
Carcinogenesis Studies. Environmental Health Trust. Sep 12, 2018. Open access document: </span><a href="http://bit.ly/MelnickICNIRP9-12-2018" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/MelnickICNIRP9-12-2018</a></span></span></div>
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<br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<strong style="border: none; color: #434b51; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Comments about the ICNIRP evaluation of the NTP and Ramazzini Institute studies </span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<strong style="border: none; color: #434b51; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">by the Ramazzini Institute </span></strong></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: none; color: #434b51; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">In recent days, the International Commission for the Protection of Non-Ionizing Radiation (</span><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="border: none; color: #004375; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">ICNIRP</span></span></a><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">) has dismissed </span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">the results of the studies conducted by the Ramazzini Institute (RI) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) on cell phone radiation as </span></span><span style="border: none; color: #004375; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><a href="https://microwavenews.com/short-takes-archive/icnirp-ntp-ri" style="border: none; color: #004375; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;">"unconvincing</a>. </span></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: none; color: #434b51; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="border: none; color: #004375; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">Following </span></span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: inherit;">are the observations of Dr. Fiorella Belpoggi, director of the "Cesare Maltoni" cancer research center of the Ramazzini Institute.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #434b51; font-family: arial;">1. Both the NTP and the RI studies were well performed,and no bias affected the results. The ICNIRP confirms this conclusion.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #434b51; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #434b51; font-family: arial;">2. Schwannomas are tumors arising from the Schwann cells. They are peripheral glial cells which cover and protect the surface of all nerves diffused throughout the body; so vestibular (acoustic nerve) and heart schwannomas have the same tissue of origin: ICNIRP seems to ignore that.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #434b51; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div>
<div style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: none; color: #434b51; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">3. In rats, increases in malignant heart schwannomas, malignant glial tumors of the brain and Schwann Cell Hyperplasia (a pre-malignant lesion) are rare yet these lesions were observed in exposed animals in both laboratories, at thousands of kilometers distance, in a wide range of radiofrequency radiation exposures studied. These findings could not be interpreted as occurring “by chance”.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: none; color: #434b51; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">4. We are scientists. Our role is to produce solid evidence for hazard and risk assessment. Underestimating the evidence from carcinogen bioassays and delays in regulation have already proven many times to have severe consequences, as in the case of asbestos, smoking and vinyl chloride. This position of ICNIRP represents its own responsibility toward citizens and public health.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: none; color: #434b51; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">5. ICNIRP is not a public health agency that routinely evaluates carcinogens. On the other hand, an independent agency that has evaluated over 1000 agents, IARC, as early as 2011 classified radio freqency radiation as a possible carcinogen on the basis of limited evidence in humans and limited evidence in animals. The studies of the RI and NTP will certainly contribute to the burden of evidence that IARC and other public health agencies can draw upon as a solid base for the re-evaluation of RFR carcinogenicity.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="http://bit.ly/RI-ICNIRP" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/RI-ICNIRP</a></span><br />
<br />==</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>ICNIRP Critique of the National Toxicology Program and Ramazzini Institute</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Animal Studies </b></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>of the Carcinogenicity </b></span><b>of Long-Term Exposure to Cell Phone Radiation</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">ICNIRP. ICNIRP Note on Recent Animal Carcinogenesis Studies. Munich, Germany. Sep 4, 2018. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPnote2018.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPnote2018.pdf</a></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Introduction</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Two recent animal studies investigating the carcinogenic potential of long-term exposure to</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) associated with mobile phones have been released: one </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP 2018a, b) and the other from the Ramazzini Institute </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">(Falcioni et al. 2018). These studies, among others, have been taken into account during revision of </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">the ICNIRP radiofrequency exposure guidelines. However, both studies have inconsistencies and </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">limitations that affect the usefulness of their results for setting exposure guidelines, and both need to </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">be considered within the context of other animal and human carcinogenicity research. Overall, based </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">on the considerations </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">outlined below, ICNIRP concludes that these studies do not provide a reliable basis for revising the existing radiofrequency exposure guidelines.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><snip></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Conclusion</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Although the NTP (2018a, b) and Falcioni et al. (2018) studies used large numbers of animals, best </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">laboratory practice, and exposed animals for the whole of their lives, consideration of their findings </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">does not provide evidence that radiofrequency EMF is carcinogenic. NTP reported that their strongest </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">findings were of increased malignant cardiac schwannoma in male rats, however that is not consistent </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">with the results of Falcioni et al. (2018), is not consistent with the NTP female rat nor male or female </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">mouse results, and is not consistent with the radiofrequency EMF cancer literature more generally. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">While results from epidemiological studies suggest vestibular schwannoma is an outcome of interest,</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">this is not true for malignant cardiac schwannoma. NTP found no increase in schwannoma overall or </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">for vestibular schwannoma. Further, as multiple comparisons were not controlled for in the NTP study, </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">there is no indication that the increased incidence of malignant cardiac schwannomas in male rats was </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">more than what would be expected by chance alone. ICNIRP considers that the NTP (2018a, b) and </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Falcioni et al. (2018) studies do not provide a consistent, reliable and generalizable body of evidence </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">that can be used as a basis for revising current human exposure guidelines. Further research is </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">required that addresses the above limitations.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>==<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><b>Jul 23, 2018</b></span><br />
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">ICNIRP requests public input on its radio frequency radiation
exposure guidelines</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The <a href="https://www.icnirp.org/" target="_blank">International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection</a> (ICNIRP) has recently announced that it wants
public input regarding a new draft of its guidelines on limiting radio
frequency (RF) fields (i.e., electromagnetic fields [EMF] from 100 kilohertz to
300 Gigahertz). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">“The main objective of this publication is to
establish guidelines for limiting exposure to EMFs that will provide a high
level of protection for all people against known adverse health effects from
direct, non-medical exposures to both short- and long-term, continuous and
discontinuous radiofrequency EMFs.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The new publication replaces the
1998 RF exposure guidelines which have influenced RF exposure standards in many
nations including the guidelines adopted by the U.S. Federal Communications
Commission.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/en/about-icnirp/aim-status-history/index.html" target="_blank">ICNIRP</a> is an
association with a scientific mission that is registered in Germany as a
nonprofit organization. It is “formally recognized as an official collaborating
non-governmental organization (NGO) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and
the International Labour Organization (ILO). ICNIRP is linked to many
organizations engaged in non-ionizing radiation protection worldwide and
consults with the European Commission.”<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">ICNIRP’s new draft safety guidelines dismiss the
research on the effects of chronic exposure to non-thermal levels of RF
radiation. In its latest health risk assessment, ICNIRP concludes that there
are</span> no “substantiated”
adverse effects of RF radiation on human health. <span style="background: white; color: #333333;">See </span><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_Guidelines_PCD_Appendix_B_2018_07_11.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="background: white;">Appendix B: Health Risk Assessment Literature</span></a><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"> and a summary
of the findings which appears below.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Following is ICNIRP’s justification for
ignoring most of the EMF research in its health risk assessment:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"ICNIRP
bases its guidelines on substantiated adverse health effects. This makes the
difference between a biological and an adverse health effect an important
distinction, where only adverse health effects require limits for the
protection of humans." (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ICNIRP
Guidelines: Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic
and Electromagnetic Fields [100 kHz TO 300 GHz].</i> July 11, 2018 draft. p. 2)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“These guidelines specify quantitative EMF
levels for safe personal exposure. Adherence to these levels is intended to
protect people from all known harmful effects of radiofrequency EMF exposure.
To determine these levels, ICNIRP first identified published scientific
literature concerning effects of radiofrequency EMF exposure on biological
systems, and<span style="color: grey;"> </span>established
which of these were both harmful to human health, and scientifically
substantiated. This latter point is important because ICNIRP considers that, in
general, reported effects need to be independently replicated, be of sufficient
scientific quality and explicable more generally within the context of the
scientific literature, in order to be taken as ‘evidence’ and used for setting
exposure restrictions. Within the guidelines, ‘evidence’ will be used within
this context, and ‘substantiated effect’ used to describe reported effects that
satisfy this definition of evidence. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ICNIRP Guidelines: Guidelines for Limiting
Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields [100 kHz
TO 300 GHz].” </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>July 11, 2018 draft.
p. 2)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Public consultation on ICNIRP RF exposure guidelines<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">If you choose to provide public input to ICNIRP, the draft documents
consist of <a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_Guidelines_PCD_2018_07_11.pdf" target="_blank">RF exposure guidelines</a> and two appendices. <a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_Guidelines_PCD_Appendix_A_2018_07_11.pdf" target="_blank">Appendix A</a> reviews dosimetry, and <a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_Guidelines_PCD_Appendix_B_2018_07_11.pdf" target="_blank">Appendix B</a> summarizes the health risk assessment.<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">The consultation process which began on July 11 ends on
October 9, 2018. ICNIRP members will review public comments prior to finalizing
the RF exposure guidelines. ICNIRP will
not reply to comments.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">To provide comments on the draft
documents, complete the form on the ICNIRP website or the template available at
<a href="https://www.icnirp.org/en/activities/public-consultation/consultation-1.html" target="_blank">https://www.icnirp.org/en/activities/public-consultation/consultation-1.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Files for download<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_Guidelines_PCD_2018_07_11.pdf" target="_blank" title="ICNIRP RF Guidelines_PCD 2018 07 11">ICNIRPRF Guidelines_PCD 2018 07 11</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_Guidelines_PCD_Appendix_A_2018_07_11.pdf" target="_blank" title="ICNIRP RF Gdl Appendix A_PCD 2018 07 11">ICNIRPRF Gdl Appendix A_PCD 2018 07 11</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_Guidelines_PCD_Appendix_B_2018_07_11.pdf" target="_blank" title="ICNIRP RF Gdl Appendix B_PCD 2018 07 11">ICNIRPRF Gdl Appendix B_PCD 2018 07 11</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_PublicConsultationForm2018_07_11.docx" target="_blank" title="ICNIRP RF Consultation Template_PCD 2018 07 11">ICNIRPRF Consultation Template_PCD 2018 07 11</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br clear="all" />
<a href="https://www.icnirp.org/en/activities/public-consultation/consultation-1.html" target="_blank">https://www.icnirp.org/en/activities/public-consultation/consultation-1.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">My editorial comments<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">To date, 242 scientists who have published peer-reviewed research on EMF
and biology or health have signed the EMF Scientist Appeal. Collectively, these
scientists from 41 nations have published </span><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2015/06/international-scientist-appeal-on.html" target="_blank"><span style="background: white;"><b>more than 2,000 papers on EMF</b></span></a><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Appeal
</i>calls on the WHO and the United Nations including its member states to
adopt more protective exposure guidelines for EMF including RF radiation in the
face of increasing evidence of health risks since these exposures are a rapidly
growing form of worldwide environmental pollution.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">In a recently published, peer-reviewed paper, “</span><b><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/07/international-perspective-on-health.html" target="_blank">Thermal and non-thermal health effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: An international perspective</a>,</b>” <span style="background: white; color: #333333;">Belpomme and his colleagues (2018) criticize
the WHO due to its reliance upon ICNIRP and its members for expert advice. The
paper claims that ICNIRP and its advisors have “close associations with
industry,” and “conflicts of interest.” According to the authors, ICNIRP and its
advisors have been engaged in decades of “</span>denial
of serious non-thermal effects of RF-EMFs in spite of overwhelming scientific
evidence to the contrary.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Moreover,
Belpomme and his colleagues criticize ICNIRP’s safety limits:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“The
specific absorption rate (SAR)-based ICNIRP safety limits were established on
the basis of simulation of EMF energy absorption using standardized adult male
phantoms, and designed to protect people only from the thermal effects of EMFs.
These assumptions are not valid for two reasons. Not only do they fail to
consider the specific morphological and bioclinical vulnerabilities of
children, but also they ignore the effects known to occur at non-thermal
intensities….”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">Finally, </span><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2018/07/international-perspective-on-health.html" style="background-color: white;" target="_blank">Belpomme and his colleagues (2018)</a><span style="background-color: white;"> provide a summary of the peer-reviewed scientific literature that arrives at very different conclusions than ICNIRP's health risk assessment:</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">"It is urgent
that national and international bodies, particularly the WHO, take this
significant public health hazard seriously and make appropriate recommendations
for protective measures to reduce exposures. This is especially urgently needed
for children and adolescents. It is also important that all parts of society,
especially the medical community, educators, and the general public, become
informed about the hazards associated with exposure to EMFs and of the steps
that can be easily taken to reduce exposure and risk of associated disease."</span></blockquote>
<div class="Default"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial;">The rules that ICNIRP applies for a study to be included in
its health risk assessment seem overly stringent. If other official bodies
(e.g., the International Agency for Research on Cancer or the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency) were to adopt such rules, I suspect that very few
chemicals would be classified as toxins or carcinogens. By its own admission, ICNIRP
is not concerned about protecting animal or plant life from the adverse effects
of EMF exposure, and it is arguable that they are truly concerned about protecting
humans.</span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">If the claims of some EMF scientists and scientific
organizations (e.g., the European Cancer and Environment Research Institute and
the Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) are true
that ICNIRP’s members and scientific advisors are selected because they are biased toward industry,
then it is fruitless to engage in ICNIRP’s public consultation process
(see </span><a href="https://www.saferemr.com/2013/05/upcoming-who-meeting-on-radiofrequency.html" target="_blank"><span style="background: white;">my posts</span></a><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"> from May 1 through June 27, 2017.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Since the credibility of ICNIRP depends heavily
upon its association with the WHO, a more fruitful activity for the EMF scientific community might be to convince the WHO and governments not to rely on
ICNIRP for EMF guidelines and no longer consult ICNIRP’s advisors.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">==</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Summaries
from ICNIRP’s Draft </b><b><a href="https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/consultation_upload/ICNIRP_RF_Guidelines_PCD_Appendix_B_2018_07_11.pdf" target="_blank">Appendix B: Health Risk Assessment Literature</a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“ICNIRP bases its guidelines on substantiated adverse health
effects. This makes the difference between a biological and an adverse health
effect an important distinction, where only adverse health effects require
limits for the protection of humans.” (p. 2)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Brain electrical activity and
cognitive function<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“In summary, there is no
substantiated experimental or epidemiological evidence that exposure to
radiofrequency EMF affects higher cognitive functions relevant to health.” (p.
3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Symptoms and wellbeing<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“In summary, no reports of adverse effects on symptoms and
wellbeing have been substantiated, except for pain, which is related to
elevated temperature at high exposure levels. Thresholds for these have not
been clearly identified, but the best estimate is within the vicinity of 10 and
20 mA for indirect contact currents, for children and adults respectively, and
12.5 kW m<sup>-2 </sup>for <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>direct
millimeter-wave exposure.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(pp. 3-4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Other brain
physiology and related functions</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“In summary, there is no
evidence of effects of radiofrequency EMF on physiological processes or eye
pathology that impair health in humans. Some evidence of superficial eye damage
has been shown in rabbits at exposures of at least 1.4 kW m<sup>-2</sup>,
although the relevance of this to humans has not been demonstrated.“ (p. 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Auditory,
vestibular and ocular function</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“In summary, no effects
on auditory, vestibular, or ocular function relevant to human health have been
substantiated.” (p. 5)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Neuroendocrine
system<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“In summary, the lowest
level at which an effect of radiofrequency EMF on the neuroendocrine system has
been observed is 4 W kg<sup>-1</sup> (in rodents and primates), but there is no
evidence that this translates to humans or is relevant to human health. No
other effects have been substantiated.” (p. 6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Neurodegenerative
diseases<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In summary, no adverse effects on
neurodegenerative diseases have been substantiated.” (p. 6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">Cardiovascular
system, autonomic nervous system and thermoregulation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“In summary, no effects
on the cardiovascular system, autonomic nervous system, or thermoregulation
that compromise health have been substantiated for exposures with whole body
average SARs below approximately 1 W kg<sup>-1</sup>, and there is some
evidence that 4 W kg<sup>-1 </sup>is not sufficient to alter body core temperature
in hamsters. However, there is strong evidence that whole body exposures in
rats that are sufficient to increase body core temperature by several degrees
centigrade can cause serious adverse health effects in rats.” (p. 7)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Immune system and
haematology</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“The few human studies
have not indicated any evidence that radiofrequency EMF affects health in
humans via the immune system or haematology.” (p. 7)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fertility,
reproduction and childhood development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">“In summary, no adverse
effects of radiofrequency EMF exposure on fertility, reproduction or
development relevant to human health have been substantiated.” (p. 8)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cancer</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“In summary, no effects
of radiofrequency EMF on cancer have been substantiated.” (pp. 8-9)</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span>==</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: arial;">June 19, 2017</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b><b>International EMF Expert Group to Counter ICNIRP</b></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">ECERI Newsletter. No. 6, June 2017</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">"Following a recent meeting with WHO representatives in Geneva, members of this ECERI group have decided to publish their own data in the form of a scientific consensus paper on the effects of non-thermal EMFs on behalf of the ECERI. Finally, since several ECERI scientists believe that environmental pollution may in fact be a cause of cancer and other diseases such as Alzheimer disease and autism, ECERI has proposed to create another international group comprising scientists and jurists to discuss the possibility that intentional massive pollution could be recognized by the <b>International Criminal Court</b> (ICC) as a true crime against health. This proposal will be discussed at the next ECERI Executive Committee and General Assembly in Brussels.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Following the meeting with WHO in Geneva on March, the 3rd, it was proposed to create an ECERI-related working group to oppose ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection), that might be termed “International commission of scientific expertise on non-thermal radiation effects (<b>ICSENTRE</b>). The members of this group so far are: Dominique Belpomme (France), Igor Belyaev (Slovakia), Ernesto Burgio (Italy), David Carpenter (USA), Lennart Hardell (Sweden), Magda Havas (Canada), SMJ Mortazavi (Iran), André Vander Vorst (Belgium) and Gérard Ledoigt (France). If you wish to join this group, please contact Christine Campagnac (<a href="mailto:sg.eceri@gmail.com" target="_blank">sg.eceri@gmail.com</a>)."</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;">ECERI – European Cancer and Environment Research Institute, Square de Meeus 38-40, 1000 Brussels; Tél :0032 24 01 87 75 or 0033 1.45.78.53.52 <a href="mailto:sg.eceri@gmail.com" target="_blank">sg.eceri@gmail.com</a></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">==<br /></span>
<br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>July 10, 2015</b></span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTING AT THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION (ICNIRP)</b></span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span>
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AVAATE (VALLISOLETANA ASSOCIATION OF AFFECTED BY MOBILE PHONE ANTENNAS), July 10, 2015</span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">SUMMARY</span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /></span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">This paper has been prepared in order to demonstrate the existence of
numerous conflicts of interest among the members of the international
organization ICNIRP (International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation
Protection. In Castilian, the International Commission for Non-ionizing
radiation), that despite its private nature, is recognized by the World
Health Organization (WHO) as reference entity to set limits of exposure
for people of non-ionizing radiation in order to prevent such radiation
affect your health.<br class="autobr" /></span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The fact that the members of the organization engage in various
conflicts of interest, being related to companies interested in the
development of telecommunications and new technologies, undermines the
impartiality that should govern the regulation of limits on non-ionizing
radiation people.</span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br class="autobr" />
It’s incomprehensible that an international organization such as WHO,
which has numerous and qualified public resources to establish
adequately these limits, has delegated to a private organization issues
affecting public health of all humanity.<br class="autobr" /></span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The information contained in the work presented below was obtained from
searches of reliable publicly available sources on the Internet, which
can be checked by anyone who has an interest in this topic.<br class="autobr" /></span><br />
<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">It would be very interesting by any natural or legal person interested
in this topic assumes as its own this report (AVAATE authorized fully to
do so) and send it to the authorities of the United Nations, of the
International Labor Organization and of the World Health Organization of
the Health.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/goog_1487911321"><br /></a>
<a href="https://www.avaate.org/IMG/pdf/escrito_web_icnirp_ingles_final.pdf" target="_blank"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">https://www.avaate.org/IMG/pdf/escrito_web_icnirp_ingles_final.pdf</span></a><br /></span>
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Electromagnetic Radiation Safetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10030063638303651092noreply@blogger.com